Abstract: The present disclosure is related to systems and methods for open-surface navigation for a vehicle based on a time-space map. The method includes determining a time-space map of a first area. The time-space map may include a plurality of time-space grids. Each time-space grid may include temporal information and geographic information corresponding to the time-space grid. The method also includes obtaining obstacle status of each of one or more obstacles corresponding to a first time period. The method also includes determining a plurality of navigable grids and a plurality of unnavigable grids among the plurality of time-space grids, based on the obstacle status. The method further includes determining a path for the vehicle based on the plurality of navigable grids.

Abstract: A system including: a controller configured to: receive bale-location-data representative of the location of a plurality of bales in a field; receive bale-property-data representative of one or more physical properties of each of the plurality of bales; and determine bale-pick-up-data based on the bale-location-data and the bale-property-data. The bale-pick-up-data is associated with an operation to pick up the bales from the field.

Abstract: Techniques for providing instructions to an operator of a sea vessel via a computing device are described. The computing device can request, from another computing device, instructions regarding one or more of an intended course and action plan for the sea vessel, which can include at least one navigational instruction and/or deployment instruction. The computing device can send data to a display device to cause a prompt to be displayed. The prompt can include options regarding the at least one instruction. The computing device can send state information of the sea vessel to the other computing device. The state information can include the received input and location information of the sea vessel. Additionally, data can be received by the computing device from a shore based operator and data can be sent to one or more clients on shore.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and storage media for providing navigation directions are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: receive, by a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a first set of data from at least one sensor, the FPGA and the at least one sensor included in a wearable device worn by a user, perform at least one of a max-pooling operation and a convolution operation on the first set of data to produce processed data; transmit the processed data to a remote server to cause the remote server to train a machine learning model using the processed data to compute at least one weight, at least one layer, and at least one hyperparameter of the machine learning model; receive, from the remote server, a copy of the metadata file; and store the metadata file on the wearable device.

Abstract: An indoor positioning method and apparatuses for performing the same are provided. The method includes generating a three-dimensional (3D) interior area for an interior based on sensing data obtained by sensing the interior, generating a first map of the 3D interior area based on a first area including a first obstacle in the entire area of the 3D interior area, generating a second map of the 3D interior area based on a second area including the first obstacle and a second obstacle different from the first obstacle in the entire area, and estimating a posture of the moving apparatus and planning a movement path, based on the first map and the second map.

Abstract: One or more systems and methods for identifying one or more passive optical identifier tag from a plurality of passive optical identifier tags is provided. The method includes emitting light from a light source device. Further, the method includes transmitting, by said plurality of passive optical identifier tags, reflected light to a receiver. The method further includes reflecting, by the plurality of passive optical identifier tags, the emitted light with its unique set of wavelengths, said set of wavelengths being inferred by the corresponding reflection sequence.

Abstract: A method for assigning a processing plan to a mobile unit data set of a mobile unit of an indoor location system of a manufacturing hall is provided. The method includes: providing a manufacturing control system for industrial processing of workpieces with a machine tool in accordance with workpiece-specific processing plans, each processing plan storing order information for a workpiece to be processed, providing a mobile unit with an image acquisition unit for acquiring image data, mobile unit data set belonging to the mobile unit and position data of the mobile unit acquired with the indoor location system being stored in the manufacturing control system, acquiring image data of a processing plan-specific object for identifying the processing plan to be assigned with the manufacturing control system, and assigning the identified processing plan to the mobile unit data set of the mobile unit in the manufacturing control system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a destination for a motor vehicle that is different from an intended location, comprising the following steps: specifying an intended location; determining a usage rate at the intended location by means of a computing apparatus on the basis of data provided on the intended location; determining a plurality of possible alternative destinations different from the intended location on the basis of the data provided on the intended location if the usage rate exceeds a predefined usage rate threshold value; determining a predicted usage rate at the possible alternative destinations by means of the computing apparatus on the basis of data provided on the possible alternative destinations; and selecting a destination from the plurality of possible alternative destinations while taking into consideration the predicted usage rate at the alternative destinations.

Abstract: A server in communication with multiple vehicles can receive virtual stop or yield line data from such vehicles. The virtual stop or yield line data may correspond to different vehicles that stopped at the same intersection at the same or at different points in time. The server can aggregate or cluster the virtual stop or yield line data to identify a representative virtual stop or yield line that can be used to aid vehicles when navigating, driving, and/or maneuvering in the future. The representative virtual stop or yield line can be a virtual stop or yield line corresponding to virtual stop or yield line data transmitted by a particular vehicle or can be any combination of virtual stop or yield lines corresponding to virtual stop or yield line data transmitted by one or more vehicles.

Abstract: System and methods are provided for a supervised point map matcher. The supervised point map matcher learns parameters from historical data that provide insight into the optimal probabilistic metrics that inform the bias of probes heading and distance for segments on the roadway. Probability weights for segments are generated. A more accurate path based map matching algorithm is used to identify direction and heading errors in the historical probe data. Values for the probability weights are calculated using kernel density estimation and a gaussian probability density function. The probability weights are used to improve the real time performance of the point map matcher. A confidence value is calculated as a function of the probability weights and provided with the map matched results.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to real-time autonomous path planning for a vehicle, and to the steering of the vehicle in accordance with the path. The path is planned in accordance with a given map of the area, and the path accuracy depends, inter alia, on the resolution and accuracy of the map.

Abstract: Systems and methods to provide accurate and timely maps to autonomous vehicles. The system can utilize local map data from a plurality of electronic devices via a data gathering application (“app”). The system can compare local map data to existing global maps to identify differences and update the global maps and/or indicate that the global maps need to be updated. The system can receive camera, GPS, cellular location services, accelerometer, magnetometer, and other sensor data from the plurality of electronic devices. The system can provide incentives to users to drive on routes or proximate areas-of-interest. This can include routes or areas-of-interest that are frequently used by the autonomous vehicles in the system. This can also include routes that include accidents, construction sites, and other differences that can receive more frequent updates. The app can include a user interface (UI) to enable users to provide updates related to certain conditions.

Abstract: A method and systems for loading and tracking maps on a moving vehicle. One method includes obtaining a geographic location of a system on a vehicle, obtaining a boundary corresponding to a contiguous geographical boundary area around the geographic location of the system, loading map data comprising a plurality of map data tiles each including a portion of the geographical boundary area, the plurality of map data tiles including a center tile having a point corresponding to the system location and surrounding map data tiles. The method further includes obtaining an updated system location, and if the updated geographic location is outside of the boundary area, obtaining an updated boundary centered on the updated geographic location and loading map data based on the updated boundary such that the resulting loaded map data includes a center tile and map data tiles surrounding the center tile that intersect the geographical boundary area.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes: a map expression data storage unit in which two or more pieces of map expression data expressing a map are stored, the data being associated with one or more attribute values containing region specifying information for specifying a region that is being expressed; a receiving unit that receives position specifying information for specifying a position from a terminal apparatus; a data acquiring unit that acquires one or more pieces of map expression data associated with region specifying information corresponding to a position specified with the position specifying information, from the map expression data storage unit; and a transmitting unit that transmits the one or more pieces of map expression data acquired by the data acquiring unit, to the terminal apparatus.

Abstract: A method of operation of a navigation system including generating an estimated arrival time for a navigation route including a destination; calculating a preparation time for an order; determining an ordering time to place the order to the destination such that the estimated arrival time at the destination is approximately at an end of the preparation time; communicating the order at the ordering time; and generating a guidance for the navigation route to arrive at the destination at approximately at an end of the preparation time.

Abstract: Technologies are disclosed that determine when alternative routes are to be pre-generated for a vehicle. A route planning system receives a request for a navigation route for a vehicle. The navigation route is generated, where the navigation route includes navigation nodes. For a given navigation node, a corresponding weight and/or a probability of an exception event occurring are determined, and are used to determine whether to generate an alternate route configured to be utilized in response to a future detection by the vehicle of an exception event associated with the given node. The route planning system may then generate alternate routes accordingly, and may transmit the navigation route and an alternate route for a corresponding given node to the vehicle. The navigation route may be used to navigate the vehicle, and the alternate route may be used to navigate the vehicle if an exception event is detected.

Abstract: A network system coordinates transport service between service providers and service requestors operating client devices in a system environment. Service requestors request transport service from a requestor location to a destination location. Service providers provide transport service to service requestors using a transportation vehicle. Network system can suggest a pickup location nearby the requestor location. The suggested pickup location can be on a road segment that is nearby the requestor location, on a navigable road segment, address matched to the requestor location, and on an accessible road segment. Nearby road segments are less than a threshold distance from the requestor location. Navigable road segments have a navigable road type. Address matched road segments are have an alphanumeric location name similar to that of the requestor location. A network system provides the suggested pickup location to a service requestor to facilitate transport service.

Abstract: A decision-support system for a public transportation system includes a computing system programmed to generate public transit route options for the commuter based on at least one decision factor that estimates an expected impact on other commuters resulting from the commuter choosing each of the public transit route options, and output, for display, values associated with the at least one decision factor to influence the commuter in making a route selection.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying a route to a location for a vehicle including generating a topographic map of a parking area having a plurality of parking spaces and a plurality of roads. A plurality of nodes are established on the topographic map, wherein each of the nodes has latitude and longitudinal coordinates. A plurality of links are established on the topographic map. The links each extend between two of the nodes. One of the nodes is established as a starting node at which the vehicle starts and one of the nodes is established as a target node. A route is established to the target node that follows a series of the links to the target node using Dijkstra's algorithm. The route is determined based on a cost associated with each link for purposes of establishing the route with Dijkstra's algorithm.

Abstract: Technologies are disclosed that are used to control the transmission and processing of vehicle telemetry data. Routing data configured to be used to navigate the vehicle is accessed. Using the routing data, telemetry broadcast parameters are generated. The telemetry broadcast parameters are transmitted to the vehicle. Transmissions of telemetry data in accordance with the broadcast parameters are received from the vehicle. The received telemetry data is used in generating a simulated environment for a route planning learning engine, in simulating a vehicle, in validating routes and maps, and/or in performing vehicle diagnostics.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing customer navigation include a system provider device that may receive a query for directions to a first merchant physical location. Responsive to receiving the query, the system provider device determines a first travel time to the first merchant physical location and a second travel time to a second merchant physical location. The system provider device further determines a first wait time at the first merchant physical location and a second wait time at the second merchant physical location. Additionally, the system provider device determines that a first total time using the first travel time and the first wait time is shorter than a second total time using the second travel time and the second wait time. Based on determining that the first total time is shorter than the second total time, the system provider device may provide navigation to the first merchant physical location.

Abstract: Provided are an electronic device and method for providing content to a user. The method includes, based on text of the user, obtaining content corresponding to the text and being adaptive to the user, wherein the obtained content is adaptive to the user based on information regarding the user, which is collected based on the user's behavior on the electronic device; and providing the obtained content to the user.

Abstract: A method and systems for loading object data on a moving vehicle. One system includes a data storage component configured to store object geometry data in a data structure such that a portion of the stored object geometry data representing an area around the vehicle may be retrieved, at least one processor having a memory component and configured to retrieve portions of the object geometry data from the data storage component and store the retrieved object geometry data in the memory component. The at least one processor also configured to obtain a location of the vehicle, determine data retrieval information based on the vehicle location, the data retrieval information defining a proximal portion of the object geometry data that is within a certain distance of the vehicle, and retrieve the proximal portion of the object geometry data from the data storage component and store it in the memory component.

Abstract: The in-vehicle processing device includes a storage part configured to store the route information (learning map) on the routes on which the host vehicle has previously traveled; a candidate point generation part configured to generate a plurality of candidate points in a predetermined zone relative to a stored route of the route information stored in the storage part based on current peripheral information around the host vehicle and current information on the host vehicle; a candidate route generation part configured to generate a plurality of candidate routes by connecting the plurality of candidate points generated by the candidate point generation part; and a route selection part configured to select one of the plurality of candidate routes generated by the candidate route generation part.

Abstract: A lane guidance system is provided and includes a proposed travel route acquisition unit that acquires a proposed travel route of a vehicle; a successive intersection determination unit that determines whether a distance between a first intersection that is a guidance intersection on the proposed travel route and a second intersection that is a guidance intersection immediately after the first intersection is within a prescribed distance; and a lane guidance unit. Before arriving at the first intersection, the lane guidance unit selects and proposes, as a recommended lane from the travelable lane, a lane that the vehicle needs to travel along when entering the first intersection, to travel along, after exiting from the first intersection, a lane that the vehicle needs to travel along when entering the second intersection to exit in a specific exiting direction of the second intersection.

Abstract: A transportation vehicle having a navigation system and an operating system connected to the navigation system for data transmission via a bus system. The transportation vehicle has a microphone and includes a phoneme generation module for generating phonemes from an acoustic voice signal or the output signal of the microphone; the phonemes are part of a predefined selection of exclusively monosyllabic phonemes; and a phoneme-to-grapheme module for generating inputs to operate the transportation vehicle based on monosyllabic phonemes generated by the phoneme generation module.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed related to generating an interactive user interface that enables a user to move, rotate or otherwise edit 3D point cloud data in virtual 3D space to align or match point clouds captured from LiDAR scans prior to generation of a high definition map. A system may obtain point cloud data for two or more point clouds, render the point clouds for display in a user interface, then receive a user selection of one of the point clouds and commands from the user to move and/or rotate the selected point cloud. The system may adjust the displayed position of the selected point cloud relative to the other simultaneously displayed point cloud(s) in real time in response to the user commands, and store the adjusted point cloud position data for use in generating a new high definition map.

Abstract: An approach is provided for presenting to a user in a vehicle a visual representation of a route for finding a parking space for the vehicle, wherein the route comprises road segments having potential parking spaces for the vehicle within a threshold of a destination. The approach involves upon determining that a visual representation of the route meets a criterion for complexity, providing a visual representation of an initial extent of the route to the user in a user interface, wherein the initial extent comprises a portion of the route ahead of a current position of the user and further wherein the visual representation of the initial extent does not meet the criterion for complexity. The approach also involves providing a route extension icon rendered at the initial extent in the user interface.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes an area indicator that specifies an operation area of an autonomous vehicle, a discriminator that discriminates a user with respect to the autonomous vehicle, and a use permitter that allows a user discriminated to be a user who is able to use the autonomous vehicle by the discriminator to occupy and use at least a portion of the autonomous vehicle.

Abstract: An interactive system for use in connection with recreational vehicle usage includes a server system, including an off-road trail database containing trail data, trail condition information, and points-of-interest information, as well as a trip mapping system accessible by any of a plurality of riders, allowing a rider to create a route based on the data in the off-road trip database. The server system further includes a trail maintenance interface accessible by users affiliated with an authorized group to edit the trail data, trail condition information, and points-of-interest information associated with the authorized group. The server system includes a location data management system configured to receive location data, allowing a rider to publish location information to one or more other riders, and a user feedback interface configured to receive trip data from riders for publication, including information describing an actual route and user data associated with that route.

Abstract: A method and server for presenting points of interest (POIs) to a given user in a map application on a client device comprising: receiving a request for displaying a given location on a map view of the map application and retrieving, based on the map view and the given location, a set of POIs. A set of web services associated with the given user is determined, and past user interaction data with the set of web services partially indicative of user preferences of the given user with regard to the set of POIs is retrieved. The set of POIs is ranked based on the respective past user interaction data to obtain a ranked set of POIs. The map view including at least a subset of the ranked set of POIs is transmitted for presentation to the given user on a display interface of the client device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus includes at least one first sensor configured to be mounted to an infrastructure component, wherein the at least one sensor comprises an environmental sensor. At least one second sensor is configured to be mounted to the infrastructure component, and is configured to sense movement of the infrastructure component. The method and apparatus also includes a system that uses the at least one first sensor to detect an object position and determines an amount of correction for the object position based on movement detected by the at least one second sensor.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and associated methods of assembly are described that provide for improved sensor wire retention. An example sensor wire retention device includes a bobbin tube that defines a hollow interior configured to receive a probe assembly inserted therein. The device includes one or more coil elements wrapped around at least a portion of the bobbin tube. One or more washers are attached around the bobbin tube, and each of the one or more washers defines one or more wire notches. The device includes a wire harness of one or more wires, and each of the one or more wires of the wire harness are positioned within the one or more wire notches. The device further includes a return shield element disposed around the wires located within the wire notches of the one or more washers, and the return shield element compresses the one or more wires.

Abstract: An analyzer for a grease interceptor for measuring levels of fat, oils, and grease (FOG), water, sludge and air having a probe which includes a controller and a sensor sub-unit. Sensor circuits include a microcontroller, timers, and sampling capacitors. The sensor sub-unit includes a plurality of electrode ring pairs coupled to a plurality of timers for converting capacitance measurements to frequencies under the control of a microprocessor in the controller. The frequencies identify the measured levels.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor for sensing a movement of a target object an include a substrate having a major planar surface and three or more magnetic field sensing elements disposed upon the major planar surface of the substrate. The three or more magnetic field sensing elements can have respective major response axes, each major response axis parallel to the major planar surface of the substrate. The three or more magnetic field sensing elements comprise first and third magnetic field sensing elements and a second magnetic field sensing element disposed between the first and third magnetic field sensing elements. A first spacing between the first and second magnetic field sensing elements is less than a second spacing between the second and third magnetic field sensing elements. No other magnetic field sensing elements are disposed between the first and third magnetoresistance elements.

Abstract: A code disk is adapted to an optical absolute rotary encoder. The code disk is divided into a plurality of columns, with the plurality of columns disposed in a circumferential direction around a center position and respectively extending in a plurality of radial directions. The code disk comprises a plurality of disk sectors sequentially disposed in the circumferential direction around the center position, wherein each of the disk sectors comprises a plurality of code pieces, each of the code pieces comprises an encoded value, each of the encoded values comprises a plurality of bits adopting Manchester code, these bits are arranged in one of the radial directions, and the encoded values of two of the disk sectors are arranged as Gray code.

Abstract: Detection system for generating an electrical signal representative of a variation in light intensity, including a textile element having a first group of optical fibres including on their peripheral surface alterations allowing light to be captured laterally in at least one capturing zone of the textile element, the optical fibres of the first group being grouped together into at least one bundle on at least one border of the textile element, and at least one photosensitive element arranged facing at least one end of at least one bundle of optical fibres of the first group and allowing an electrical signal to be generated depending on the variation in light intensity captured laterally by the optical fibres in the capturing zone of the textile web.

Abstract: A distributed optical detection system comprising: a broadband optical source; and a phase and amplitude receiver for measuring phases and amplitudes of distributed backscattered signals from a sensing medium. Methods of quantitatively sensing optical path length changes along a sensing medium in a distributed manner are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods associated with a metrology system for high-speed, non-contact coordinate measurements of parts are disclosed herein. In embodiments, the metrology system includes a metrology bridge to be coupled to a measurement assembly. The measurement assembly may include a stage moveable across multiple independent axes. The bridge may include a housing, mounting members coupled to the housing, and a plurality of sensors mounted within the housing. The mounting members may rotatably couple the housing to the measurement assembly. Further, sensor elements of the plurality of sensor devices may be aligned along a length of the housing and may be directed out of the housing.

Abstract: Provided are a flow rate measurement device and a flow rate measurement method capable of accurately measuring flow rates not only in a turbulent flow region but also in a laminar flow region and a transition region. A processor includes: a parameter generator that obtains a reference differential pressure in a flow rate calculation formula of expression 1 as follows, based on already-known flow rates and measured differential pressures corresponding thereto, and generates two parameter sets each including coefficients c1 to c3 of the flow rate calculation formula, with the reference differential pressure being a boundary; a differential pressure determination unit that selects one of the two parameter sets by comparing a measured differential pressure of a fluid as a measurement target with the reference differential pressure; and a flow rate calculator that calculates a flow rate of the fluid from the parameter set and the measured differential pressure.

Abstract: A differential pressure measuring arrangement, comprising: a differential pressure measuring transducer; a first differential pressure line supplying the differential pressure measuring transducer with the first media pressure; a second differential pressure line supplying the differential pressure measuring transducer with the second media pressure; a temperature sensor; and a processing and evaluation unit for processing the differential pressure measurement signal and the temperature signal; wherein the processing and evaluation unit is adapted to determine a significant correlation between a change of the temperature signal and the differential pressure signal and to consider such as indication of a plugged differential pressure line and is further adapted to test whether a considered indication of a plugged differential pressure line can be verified based on additional process data, which preferably were not registered by the differential pressure measuring transducer.

Abstract: A sensor device includes a substrate having a front surface and an opposing back surface. The back surface defines an indented region having an indented surface. The substrate defines a bottom port extending between the front surface and the indented surface. The sensor further includes a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) transducer mounted on the front surface of the substrate over the bottom port. The sensor also includes a filtering material disposed on the indented surface and covering the bottom port. The filtering material provides resistance to ingression of solid particles or liquids into the sensor device. The filtering material is configured to provide high acoustic permittivity and have low impact on a signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor device.

Abstract: A flowmeter integrated with a controller that generates control signals for system components, such as valves, based in part on the fluid volume measurement. Additionally, or alternatively, where an ultrasonic flowmeter is used, it includes an embedded non-volatile memory chip which is a fixed part of the flowmeter mechanical structure, and which interfaces with replaceable electronic components to provide calibration data for the flow characteristics of the mechanical structure. Additionally, or alternatively, a digital flowmeter may provide a trickle-flow indication to help identify slow leakage conditions which are otherwise difficult to detect from a digital flowmeter display.

Abstract: In a temporally continued plurality of day-and-time sections, history data included in the past day-and-time section is graphically displayed on the basis of the integrated flow amount data stored in the storage unit, as an integrated flow amount in each day-and-time section. In the day-and-time section including the current day-and-time, the integrated flow amount in the day-and-time section based on the current integrated flow amount data is successively updated and graphically displayed.

Abstract: To provide an apparatus for monitoring a fluid flow rate, which is capable of performing monitoring without a data deficit, and displays information on a trend of a past history. A monitoring apparatus accepts, from the flow meter, integrated flow amount data for every day-and-time section, and a current flow rate, and graphically displays, on the basis of the integrated flow amount data for every day-and-time section, an integrated flow amount corresponding to each day-and-time section, on the basis of the integrated flow amount data for every day-and-time section including the current day-and-time and for every another plurality of continuous day-and-time sections.

Abstract: A clamp-on type ultrasonic flowmeter which is detachably attached to an outer wall of cylindrical piping is provided. An ultrasonic signal is transmitted to the piping from one of the first and the second ultrasonic devices, a plate wave corresponding to the ultrasonic signal is generated, and an ultrasonic signal corresponding to the plate wave is received by the other ultrasonic device. A pipe wall thickness of the piping and a frequency of the ultrasonic signal are in a state in which a plate wave of a low order asymmetric mode is significantly excited in the piping. A flow rate is calculated corresponding to phase velocity characteristics of the low order asymmetric mode.

Abstract: Clamp-on ultrasonic flow metering is provided by collectively exciting and receiving circumferential modes of the pipe. The pipe wall supports an infinite number of circumferential acoustic resonances. Each of these modes, in contact with a fluid, can mode-convert into the flow at a different rate. The mode-converted waves in the flow mode-convert back into the circumferential waves in the pipe once they travel across the flow. Furthermore, the moving fluid alters the rate of mode-conversion as a function of the flow velocity. At low frequencies, the wavelength is larger, thus the penetration depth in the flow is larger. As the frequency increases, the penetration depth becomes smaller. The variable penetration depth provides a methodology to sample the flow velocity profile.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow measurement system may include a signal generator configured to generate a first excitation signal for a first ultrasonic transducer and a second excitation signal for a second, different ultrasonic transducer. The system may further include a phase differentiator configured to generate a differential phase angle signal indicative of a difference in phase angle between first and second receive signals received from the first and second transducers which is indicative of flow rate.

Abstract: A computer-readable storage device stores machine instructions which, when executed by one or more central processing unit (CPU) cores, causes the one or more CPU cores to use a first ultrasonic transducer and a second ultrasonic transducer to measure fluid flow using a current measurement frequency and to perform a temperature calibration process. The temperature calibration process includes the sequentially generation of a plurality of electrical signals for the first ultrasonic transducer, the generated electrical signals each having a different frequency. For each frequency, the temperature calibration process includes the measurement of an amplitude of a signal from the second ultrasonic transducer. Based on the measured amplitudes of the signals from the second ultrasonic transducer, the temperature calibration process includes the determination of a new measurement frequency. The first and second ultrasonic transducers are used to measure fluid flow using the new measurement frequency.

Abstract: An instrument incorporating a refractometer for measuring parameters of a fluid such as a metalworking fluid, avoids impairment of measurement accuracy due to contact of entrained air and oil with a refractometer window by temporarily interrupting the flow of the fluid through a refractometer chamber and orienting the window so that air and oil will readily separate from the window during the interruption of flow. Continued flow of metalworking flow while refractive index measurements are taken can be achieved by the use of by-pass valving arrangements.