Abstract: A portable communication device includes one or more optical detectors to generate an analog signal in response to a change in an intra-cavity or an emitted optical power of a light source due to light backscattered from a particle and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The particle is illuminated via a light source. The ASIC includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit, a digital delay circuit, a particle detector module and a processor. The ADC converts the analog signal to a digital signal. The digital delay circuit can store the digital signal for a predetermined or dynamically variable time interval. The particle detector module can analyze the digital signal and can generate an enable signal upon detecting a particle signature in the digital signal. The processor is coupled to the digital delay circuit and can start processing the digital signal in response to the enable signal.

Abstract: A particle detection element used to detect the number of particles in a gas includes: a casing having a gas flow passage through which the gas passes; an electric charge generating unit that imparts charges generated by a discharge to the particles in the gas introduced into the casing to thereby form charged particles; and a collecting unit including a collecting electrode that is disposed inside the casing and collects a collection target that is the charged particles or the charges not imparted to the particles. The casing has a reinforcing portion on at least one of an outer circumferential surface and an inner circumferential surface of the casing, and the reinforcing portion partially thickens a wall of the gas flow passage.

Abstract: A photoelectrical device for detection of bacterial cell density includes a substrate, a driving electrode layer, an AC power source and a photoelectric conversion layer. The driving electrode layer is disposed on the substrate and includes a central electrode and a peripheral electrode pattern surrounding the central electrode. A fluid sample is disposed on the driving electrode layer. The AC power source is electrically connected to the driving electrode layer, and used to produce a non-uniform alternating electric field in the fluid sample on the driving electrode layer for driving the target bioparticles to gather up on the central electrode to form a particle cluster. The photoelectric conversion layer is used for receiving a light detecting beam after passing through the particle cluster and outputting an electric current based on the optical density of light detecting beam. The electric current changes as a concentration of the target bioparticles changes.

Abstract: A mold sensor include a housing that defines an enclosed chamber in which a nutrient-treated substrate is positioned. The mold sensor includes a substrate advancement mechanism that is configured to selectively move the substrate to expose a surface of the substrate within the chamber. The mold sensor includes a sensor configured to detect mold growth on the substrate within the chamber.

Abstract: A mold sensor is configured with an enclosed chamber in which a nutrient-treated substrate is positioned. The mold sensor includes an optical sensor that is configured to measure optical properties in the enclosed chamber. A controller operates the optical sensor and is programmed to detect a presence of mold growing in the chamber based on the optical properties measured by the optical sensor.

Abstract: A mold sensor is configured with an enclosed chamber in which a nutrient-treated substrate is positioned. The mold sensor includes a sensing system that is configured to measure properties of pressure waves within the enclosed chamber. A controller operates the sensing system and is programmed to detect a presence of mold growing in the chamber based on the characteristics of the pressure wave response within the chamber.

Abstract: A device and method for detecting particles by using electrical impedance measurement, in particular, relating to an improved electrical impedance measurement microfluidic chip and an improved particle detection method. The device comprises a sample injection part, a main channel (4) and an electrical impedance detection part. By means of said device and method, the present invention can accurately distinguish, detect and count different particles.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of sorting cells in a flow cytometry system is disclosed, which includes illuminating a cell with radiation having at least two optical frequencies shifted from one another by a radiofrequency to elicit fluorescent radiation from the cell, detecting the fluorescent radiation to generate temporal fluorescence data, and processing the temporal fluorescence data to arrive at a sorting decision regarding the cell without generating an image (i.e., a pixel-by-pixel image) of the cell based on the fluorescence data. In other words, while the fluorescence data can contain image data that would allow generating a pixel-by-pixel fluorescence intensity map, the method arrives at the sorting decision without generating such a map. In some cases, the sorting decision can be made with a latency less than about 100 microseconds. In some embodiments, the above method of sorting cells can have a sub-cellular resolution, e.g.

Abstract: Characteristics of polarizable particles in a fluid are detected using an optical cavity comprising opposed optical reflectors containing the fluid. A particle is introduced through the fluid into the optical cavity. The particle may be transiently in the cavity or optically trapped. The optical cavity containing the particle is illuminated with light that excites resonance of an optical mode of the optical cavity that is affected by the particle. A measurement of a parameter of the excited resonance is derived, for example while tuning through the resonance. Repeated measurements may be used to derive a measure of a characteristic of the particle that is dependent on the motion of the particle in the optical cavity.

Abstract: A particle container includes a measurement section in which a measurement region is formed and the measurement section measurably accommodates multiple particles in the measurement region. The measurement section is configured to change a width of the measurement region in the measuring direction of measuring the particles.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining rate of corrosion in pipes and other structures are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method for measuring a rate of corrosion progress in a specimen includes: generating a first initial pulse into the specimen by an ultrasonic transducer, and acquiring a first reflected waveform from the specimen. The first reflected waveform includes a first reflection of the first waveform and a second reflection of the first waveform. The method also includes generating a second initial pulse into the specimen by the ultrasonic transducer. The first initial pulse and the second initial pulse are separated by a time period. The method also includes acquiring a second reflected waveform from the specimen. The second reflected waveform includes a first reflection of the second waveform and a second reflection of the second waveform.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for detection of an analyte in a sample, comprising contacting a biological sample with a biosensor comprising a container or substrate and a gold (III) chloride gel comprising a plurality of gold chloride nanoparticles, determining an optical condition for the sample, and detecting a concentration of the analyte in the sample based on the optical condition. The method can be used for diagnosing an eye condition in a subject. The present disclosure also provides biosensors and kits for the detection of an analyte.

Abstract: A cuvette comprising: a main body having a sample chamber formed therein, the sample chamber communicating with the exterior of the cuvette by an opening formed in the exterior of the main body, wherein the sample chamber comprises a first sample chamber and a second sample chamber, the first sample chamber being in fluid communication with the opening, and the second sample chamber having a first end which is in fluid communication with the first sample chamber, and a second, closed end, the second sample chamber being in fluid communication with the exterior of the cuvette only through the first chamber, the first chamber having a width which is greater than that of the second chamber, and further wherein the greatest width of the opening is greater than or equal to the greatest width of the first sample chamber, the greatest width of the first sample chamber is greater than or equal to the greatest width of the second sample chamber, and the width of the sample chamber, passing from the opening to the clos

Abstract: A detection system including a detection device and an assay device. The detection device includes a space for receiving an assay device, a drive arrangement engaging the assay device to rotate the assay device, a light source arranged to direct light towards the assay device, and a diffuser arranged to diffuse light from the light source. The diffuser is arranged between the light source and the space. The detection device includes a light receiver arranged to receive light from the light source that has passed through the assay device.

Abstract: A camera-based photoacoustic remote sensing system (C-PARS) for imaging a subsurface and deep structures in a sample, has an excitation beam configured to generate ultrasonic signals in the sample at an excitation location; an interrogation beam incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated ultrasonic signals; a camera to map the returning portion of the interrogation beam over the entire field of view.

Abstract: A sensor housing apparatus includes a housing having an enclosure and outer assembly, at least one flow path extending through the housing, a gas sensor disposed in the enclosure and a thermal mass. The thermal mass is mounted within the enclosure in thermal communication with the gas sensor, and is configured to transfer thermal energy from the gas sensor to an ambient environment surrounding the housing and minimize temperature gradients adjacent the gas sensor.

Abstract: A method for quality testing asphalt includes: directing light from a light source to at least one surface of asphalt; detecting light reflected or refracted from the at least one surface of the asphalt using a light detector; and assigning a number indicating the quality of the asphalt in response to detecting light reflected or refracted from the at least one surface of the asphalt.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for analysing a chemical composition of a target, the method comprising placing an electrically tunable Fabry-Perot interferometer in a path of radiation emitted by a radiation source, and detecting the radiation, which has passed the Fabry-Perot interferometer and which has passed or was reflected by the target, by means of a detector, and wherein detection is made such that multiple pass bands are allowed to be detected simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for measuring concentrations of trace gases in gas mixtures using an absorption spectroscopy method. The system comprising: a resonant optical cavity containing a gas mixture, a continuous-wave external cavity laser, a detector system for measuring an absorption of laser light by the gas in the resonant optical cavity, wherein the ratio of the round-trip length of the external cavity laser to the round-trip length of the resonant optical cavity or its inverse value is between N?0.2 and N+0.2, where N is a positive integer number.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: A measurement device includes: a container into which sample gas is to be injected; a liquefaction mechanism configured to liquefy the sample gas in the container; a near-infrared probe extending from inside to outside the container; and a near-infrared measuring instrument configured to measure an absorbance spectrum of the sample gas in a state of being liquefied by the liquefaction mechanism, via the near-infrared probe.

Abstract: A terahertz spectrum test device and system includes a femtosecond fiber laser configured to generate a pump light and a probe light. The pump light excites a terahertz transmitter to generate terahertz waves which are transmitted to a sample suspension device to irradiate a suspended to-be-tested sample, and the probe light is directly transmitted to a terahertz detector. The terahertz detector receives the terahertz waves transmitted from the sample suspension device, and then transmits the terahertz waves and the probe light together to a signal processing circuit to obtain a corresponding terahertz time-domain spectrum. By adoption of the terahertz spectrum test device and system, the to-be-tested sample need not be fixed with a clamp or other instruments, so that terahertz waves will not irradiate to the instrument used for fixing the to-be-tested sample during a terahertz spectrum test, which may otherwise affect the test result.

Abstract: The present inventive concepts comprises linearly polarizing light, splitting the linearly polarized light into a first light and a second light, modulating the first light and the second light to have a phase difference to produce an output wave light, converting the output wave light to have a linear shape in a first direction to radiate the converted output wave light to a measured object, receiving a measurement light coming out of the measured object and linearly polarizing the first light and the second light of the measurement light to generate an interference light, and obtaining from the interference light an image of the measured object. The measured object can be scanned in a second direction intersecting the first direction or may be scanned rotationally about an axis in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions.

Abstract: A system for measuring the reflectivity of a painted object includes an electromagnetic wave source that emits an electromagnetic wave, a panel that holds the painted object, with the panel being movable to adjust an incident angle of the electromagnetic wave onto the panel, a reflector to receive and direct electromagnetic waves that are reflected by the painted object towards the reflector, a detector to detect an intensity of electromagnetic waves, and a control unit. The control unit is communicatively connected to the panel and to the detector. The control unit determines the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave, receives the intensity of the electromagnetic wave detected by the detector, and determines the reflectivity of the painted object as a function of the intensity of the electromagnetic wave detected by the detector over a predetermined range of incident angle values.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for quantitative detection of mercury vapor in gas samples using a film of nanoparticles. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of an amalgam nanoparticle is sensitive to adsorbed mercury mass. The equilibrium mass of mercury on a gold nanoparticle is a function of the surrounding vapor concentration and the temperature of the gold. A device that introduces a temperature-controlled gold nanoparticle film to a controlled flow of sample gas responds predictably to a given mercury vapor concentration when optically probed in situ. Controlling the temperature of the film allows for control of adsorption and desorption rates. Equilibrium plasmonic mercury detection, described herein, removes the cycling necessary for many gold-based mercury analyses. Methods are given for the operation and analysis of the temperature-stabilized gold nanoparticle mercury sensor.

Abstract: An analytical test device (12) includes one or more light emitters (13) configured to emit light within a first range of wavelengths (??a). The analytical test device (12) also includes one or more first photodetectors (14), each first photodetector (14) being sensitive to a second range of wavelengths (??b) around a first wavelength. The analytical test device (12) also includes one or more second photodetectors (15), each second photodetector (15) being sensitive to a third range of wavelengths (??c) around a second wavelength, the second wavelength being different to the first wavelength. The analytical test device (12) also includes a correction module (16) configured to receive signals (19, 20) from the first and second photodetectors (14, 15) and to generate a corrected signal (21) based on a weighted difference of the signals (19, 20) from the first and second photodetectors (14, 15).

Abstract: A signal processing method and a signal processing system are provided to convert optical or electric signals by an effective circuit to have an increased dynamic contrast and reduced noises. The signal processing system includes an analog signal processing module and a digital signal processing module. When an optical signal of an object-to-be-detected is strong, an image-to-be-detected is obtained by an analog signal processing method. When the optical signal of the object-to-be-detected is weak, the image-to-be-detected is obtained by a digital signal processing method after background noises are filtered out.

Abstract: A time-temperature integrating (TTi) indicator label comprises an initiator reservoir and a target reservoir, said initiator reservoir containing a pH modification system and said target reservoir comprising a pH responsive indicator. The pH responsive indicator may be photo-initiated. There is also provided a time-temperature indicator label comprising first and second reservoirs separated by a hydrogel valve, said valve allowing passage of an acid from said first reservoir to said second reservoir when the hydrogel valve is activated.

Abstract: A mold sensor is configured with an enclosed chamber in which a nutrient-treated substrate is positioned. The mold sensor includes a sensing system that is configured to measure a property of the substrate that corresponds to a pH value of the substrate. A controller operates the sensing system and is programmed to detect a presence of mold growing in the chamber by estimating the pH value from the measured property.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods for monitoring a physical property over time are disclosed. A monitoring device in accordance with the present disclosure may comprise an electronic chip assembly, at least one light source, at least one monitoring label comprising a chemical configured to absorb light depending upon at least one physical property, and at least one photodiode configured to collect light emitted by the at least one monitoring label and provide at least one measurement corresponding to the at least one physical property. The at least one measurement may correspond to a past or present status of the at least one physical property. The monitoring device may be communicatively coupled to a user device configured to run an application that collects and store the at least one measurement provided by the at least one photodiode.

Abstract: A turbine blade or vane inspection apparatus comprising a controller, mounting for holding a turbine blade or vane, a source of illumination, and a camera. At least two of the source of illumination, the camera, and the mounting are moveable components. The controller is configured to control the moveable components to (a) position the turbine blade or vane mounted thereon relative to the illumination source so as to provide a contrast of illumination between a feature of the turbine blade or vane and an adjacent surface of the turbine blade or vane and (b), position the camera so that the optical axis of the camera is directed towards the feature. The controller is further configured to determine a dimension and/or shape of the feature based on an image obtained by the camera.

Abstract: A method for adjusting inclination between wafers may include providing a first infrared light onto a first grid pattern in a first region in a first wafer and a second grid pattern in a second wafer, the first and second grid patterns overlapping, calculating a first distance in the first region between the first and second wafers based on a first Moiré pattern from the overlapping first and second grid patterns, providing a second infrared light onto a third grid pattern in a second region in the first wafer and a fourth grid pattern in the second wafer, the third and fourth grid patterns overlapping, calculating a second distance in the second region between the first and second wafers based on a second Moiré pattern from the overlapping third and fourth grid patterns, and adjusting relative inclination between the first and second wafers based on the first and second distances.

Abstract: Disclosed are a substrate inspection method and a method of fabricating a semiconductor device using the same. The inspection method may include measuring a target area of a substrate using a pulsed beam to obtain a first peak, measuring a near field ultrasound, which is produced by the pulsed beam in a near field region including the target area, using a first continuous wave beam different from the pulsed beam to obtain a second peak, and measuring a far field ultrasound, which is produced by the near field ultrasound in a far field region outside the near field region, using a second continuous wave beam to examine material characteristics of the substrate.

Abstract: A reticle inspection system and related method are disclosed. The system includes a concave spherical mirror positioned adjacent a side of the reticle that is configured to reflect inspection light transmitted through the reticle back towards and through the reticle. A sensor is configured to create at least one of: a first inspection image representative of a circuit pattern of the reticle based on transmission of the inspection light through the first side of the reticle and a reflection thereof by the concave spherical mirror through the second side of the reticle, and a second inspection image representative of the circuit pattern of the reticle based on the reflection of the inspection light from the first side of the reticle. A controller is configured to identify a defect in the reticle based on at least one of the first inspection image and the second inspection image.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system and a method of detecting a defect of an optical film, and more particularly, to a system and a method of detecting a defect of an optical film, which obtain an image of a defect of an optical film projected onto a screen and detect the defect of the optical film. As an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a system for detecting a defect of an optical film may be provided.

Abstract: Disclosed by the embodiments of the present application are a semiconductor testing method and testing device; the testing method comprises the steps of: exciting a test sample by means of a pulse laser to generate a photoconductive effect; detecting weak information of the photoconductive effect; obtaining a composite lifetime of unbalanced carriers of the test sample by means of analyzing the photoconductive effect and the weak information. The testing device comprises: a pulse laser emitter, a microwave generator, a microwave receiver, and a calculation device.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-destructive testing of a sample includes a sample holder configured to contain or support the sample; an exciter configured to generate an oscillating electromagnetic field across the sample that operates with at least one predetermined excitation frequency; a receiver configured to detect harmonic electromagnetic signals resulting from induced electromagnetic fields oscillating with at least one frequency that is not equal to the at least one predetermined excitation frequency; a recorder configured to record the harmonic electromagnetic signals; and a processor programmed to construct an induced harmonic electromagnetic spectrum based on the harmonic electromagnetic signals.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for direct multiplication Fourier transform millimeter wave spectroscopy are disclosed herein. A sample method includes generating at least one pulse of microwave electromagnetic energy. The sample method also includes frequency-multiplying the pulse(s) to generate at least one frequency-multiplied pulse and filtering at least one spurious harmonic of the frequency-multiplied pulse to generate at least one filtered pulse. The spurious harmonic is generated by frequency-multiplying the pulse. The method also includes exciting a sample using the filtered pulse. The method further includes detecting an emission from the sample. The emission is elicited at least in part by the filtered pulse.

Abstract: The present invention discloses imaging antenna and array by designing the system in the Ultra-high frequency (UHF) band 300 MHz-3 GHz with resolution comparable to high-frequency microwave imagers (i.e., super-resolution). To obtain high resolution at relatively low system cost and complexity, a novel modulated antenna array element design is disclosed. The antenna is basically small loop loaded with spiral resonator. The selection of the SR as a resonator provides for adequate miniaturization rate at the lower end of the microwave frequency range. A non-modulated version of this antenna has been conceived and yielded a resolution comparable to the 24 GHz antennas while operating at 426 MHz. The disclosed antenna element operating at 426 MHz produced images with very comparable attributes to the one obtained at 24 GHz.

Abstract: An X-ray inspection device for a drone includes: a suspension device provided in the drone; an X-ray generator device for a drone, the X-ray generator device being movable up and down by the suspension device and including an X-ray source that emits an X-ray toward an object to be inspected; and a detector that is movable up and down by the suspension device and detects the X-ray transmitted through the object to be inspected.

Abstract: An analyzing apparatus includes an X-ray measurement device, an optical characteristic measurement device, and a calculation unit. The X-ray measurement device may be configured to measure fluorescent X-rays generated from the measurement object. The optical characteristic measurement device may be configured to obtain optical characteristics other than the fluorescent X-rays of one or more carbon compounds contained in the measurement object. The calculation unit may be configured to calculate information about a quantity of the one or more carbon compounds contained in the measurement object on the basis of the optical characteristics of the carbon compound(s), and correct the information about fluorescent X-rays measured by the X-ray measurement device on the basis of the information about the quantity of the carbon compound(s).

Abstract: A microelectromechanical (MEMS) gas sensor operating based on Knudsen thermal force is disclosed. The sensor includes a substrate, at least one stationary assembly that is fixedly coupled to the substrate, and at least one moveable assembly that is positioned above the substrate which is biased to move substantially according to a main axis and juxtaposed with the at least one stationary assembly.

Abstract: A MEMS apparatus with heater includes central part, periphery part, gap and first connecting part. Central part includes center of mass, heater and first joint. Heater is disposed inside central part. First joint is located on boundary of central part. Displacement of first joint is produced when central part is heated by heater. Periphery part surrounds central part. Gap surrounds central part, and is located between central part and periphery part. First connecting part connects central part and periphery part along first reference line and includes first inner connecting portion and first outer connecting portion. First inner connecting portion is connected to first joint. First outer connecting portion is connected to periphery part. First reference line passes through first joint, and first reference line is not parallel to line connecting center of mass and first joint.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a gas, where a sensitive metal oxide-containing layer is exposed to the gas, includes: reducing the temperature of the sensitive layer from a first temperature to a second temperature, the temperature of the sensitive layer being maintained essentially at the second temperature for a predetermined time period; increasing the temperature of the sensitive layer to a third temperature; measuring at least one electrical resistance value of the sensitive layer while the sensitive layer exhibits essentially the third temperature; and analyzing components of the gas based on the measured at least one electrical resistance value.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a first substrate including a display area and a peripheral area; a second substrate overlapping the first substrate; a sealing unit surrounding the display area and disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a first resistance measuring pattern located at an upper surface of the sealing unit, and a second resistance measuring pattern located at a lower surface of the sealing unit, wherein each of the first and second resistance measuring patterns extends along edges of the first substrate and has a rectangular shape including an open side.

Abstract: A mold sensor is configured with an enclosed chamber in which a nutrient-treated substrate is positioned. The mold sensor includes a sensor for measuring electrical properties of the substrate. The substrate includes conductive elements to interface with a controller to measure the electrical properties. The controller operates the sensor and is programmed to detect a presence of mold growing in the chamber based on the electrical properties.

Abstract: Various examples described herein are directed to systems and methods of detecting damage to an analyte sensor using analyte sensor impedance values. In some examples, a method of assessing sensor membrane integrity using sensor electronics comprises determining an impedance parameter of an analyte sensor and determining a membrane integrity state of the analyte sensor based on the impedance parameter.

Abstract: A solid state electrode includes a metal electrode having a surface; a nanocomposite coated on at least a portion of the surface, the nanocomposite comprising a compound of the metal used in the electrode, and nanoparticles, a protein, a polymer, or one or more of nanoparticles, a protein, and polymer; wherein when the solid state electrode is in electrical connection with a working electrode and a fluid, the electrode can detect a change in chemical composition, for example, a change in pH of less than or equal to 0.1 pH units, and the potential of the solid state electrode is stable to within 5 millivolts, such as within 3 millivolts over a period of 20 minutes. The solid state electrode can be used in biosensing, environmental analysis (e.g., soil analysis, or water analysis), pharmaceutical analysis, and food analysis, for example.

Abstract: A biosensor for measuring an electrical response from a biological sample. The biosensor includes a substrate, a passivation layer grown on a surface of the substrate, a patterned catalyst layer deposited on the passivation layer, and three electrodes grown on the patterned catalyst layer. The three electrodes include a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The working electrode includes a first array of electrically conductive biocompatible nanostructures that is configured to be an attachment site for the biological sample. The counter electrode includes a second array of electrically conductive biocompatible nanostructures that is configured to acquire the electrical response from the working electrode. The reference electrode includes a third array of electrically conductive biocompatible nanostructures that is configured to adjust a specific voltage around the working and the counter electrodes.

Abstract: A nucleic acid inspection apparatus has an installer to install a nucleic acid inspection device, the installer comprising a storage unit to store at least a specimen sample, an amplifier to amplify nucleic acid contained in the specimen sample stored in the storage unit, a first flow passage to move the specimen sample from the storage unit to the amplifier, an inspection unit, and a second flow passage to move the specimen sample from the amplifier to the inspection unit, a first opening/closing unit to open/close the first flow passage, a second opening/closing unit to open/close the second flow passage, a heater to heat the amplifier, and a controller to control the first and second opening/closing units so as to open/close in a predetermined order and to control the heater so as to heat the amplifier in conjunction with opening/closing operations of the first and second opening/closing units.