Abstract: A building management system includes a communications bus, field devices connected to the communications bus, a cloud service including a machine learning engine; and a controller for an HVAC device. The controller communicates with the communications bus and the cloud service and is configured to transmit messages through the communications bus to the field devices, compile a list of connected field devices, receive sample data from the connected field devices, and transmit the sample data from the connected field devices to the cloud service. The controller is further configured to receive identifying characteristics for each of the connected field devices from the cloud service and to select a control logic file for the HVAC device based on the identifying characteristics.

Abstract: A method for controlling an air conditioner including: determining at least one first air conditioner within a first preset distance from the air conditioner; determining control information of the air conditioner based on current operating state of the at least one first air conditioner; and controlling operation of the air conditioner according to the control information of the air conditioner. An electronic device and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

Abstract: An air pressure measuring ventilation system, comprising: at least one duct; at least one motorized exhaust fan; one or more ultrasonic sensors; one or more infrared spark detectors; and one or more air pressure sensors. The at least one motorized exhaust fan may draw air through the at least one duct. The one or more air pressure sensors may be placed on a side of the at least one duct such that an air pressure is measured as the air is drawn through the at least one duct, such that a plurality of air pressure measurements are generated. The one or more air pressure sensors may be substantially flush with an interior side of the at least one duct and do not obstruct the air as the air is drawn through the at least one duct.

Abstract: A diagnostic apparatus determines, for an element in a diagnostic element table, whether log information stored in a log storing unit satisfies a predetermined condition, the element indicating that a failure symptom can be diagnosed provided that the log information satisfies the predetermined condition, changes, based on a result of the determination, the element in the diagnostic element table to indicate the failure symptom can be diagnosed or cannot be diagnosed, the element originally indicating that the failure symptom can be diagnosed provided that the log information satisfies a predetermined condition, calculates a diagnostic priority of a plurality of operating conditions based on the statistical information and the changed diagnostic element table, and outputs information based on an operating condition, among a plurality of operating conditions, having the diagnostic priority satisfying the predetermined condition.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes a refrigerant circuit including a compressor, an indoor-side heat exchanger, and an outdoor-side heat exchanger; a drive circuit configured to drive an electric motor; a connection switching device configured to switch connection of stator windings of the electric motor between a first connection state and a second connection state higher in line-to-line voltage than the first connection state; and a controller configured to perform defrosting operation for removing frost formed on the outdoor-side heat exchanger and cause the connection switching device to switch connection. In performing the defrosting operation with the stator windings being in the second connection state, the controller causes the connection switching device to switch the connection of the stator windings from the second connection state to the first connection state.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a communicator comprising a circuitry, a processor electronically connected to the communicator and controlling the communicator, and a memory electrically connected to the processor. The memory is configured to store instructions to control the processor to transmit control information acquired by applying target information of an air conditioning system to a learning network model to a plurality of air conditioning devices included in the air conditioning system via the communicator. The learning network model is a learning network model configured to, based on identifying that an error is present in an estimation result of energy consumption acquired based on a learning data, generate virtual data and be retrained based on the generated virtual data.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method and system of dynamically responding to a Demand Response (DR) request of a commercial energy system to reduce energy consumption of at least one energy consuming appliance, equipment and/or device, and includes: providing the DR request with an associated priority, and controlling at least one control device operably connected to energy consuming appliances, equipment and/or devices of an individual building in accordance with predetermined criteria based on the associated priority.

Abstract: A pressure stabilization system for an HVAC device. The pressure stabilization system consists of a monitoring unit attached to the refrigerant and pressure lines of an exterior mounted or connected HVAC unit. Multiple sensors will measure refrigerant levels, unit vibration, ambient temperature, and humidity and provide the collected sensor measurements to a cloud-based platform. The cloud-based platform will provide operational command and control to permit a user to control the unit, add refrigerant, add sealant, and receive recommendations for HVAC operation and maintenance.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) control system having an enclosure that includes a first portion and a second portion assembled in a clamshell configuration. The first portion and the second portion are configured to hingedly engage in a closed configuration about a controller for an HVAC system and are configured to hingedly disengage into an open configuration. The HVAC control system also includes a hinge feature that is configured to hingedly couple the enclosure to a housing of the HVAC system.

Abstract: A motor controller for an electric motor for driving a blower to generate an airflow. The motor controller includes a processor and a drive circuit configured to regulate power supplied to the motor to turn the blower. The processor computes a system resistance for the blower based on a fixed set point for a first control parameter and a feedback parameter. The processor receives an airflow rate demand value and computes an operating set point for a second control parameter based on the system resistance and the airflow rate demand value. The processor controls the drive circuit based on the operating set point to supply electrical power to the electric motor and to operate the blower to generate the airflow.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication cable for a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system having a set of conductors extending between a first end of the communication cable and a second end of the communication cable, and a cable shield surrounding the plurality of conductors. The cable shield has a first shield connector at the first end of the communication cable and a second shield connector at the second end of the communication cable. The first end is configured to couple to a first controller of the HVAC system, the second end is configured to couple to a second controller of the HVAC system, and the cable shield is configured to electrically couple to a single electrical ground point via one or both of the first and second shield connectors.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system including a thermal light detector configured to detect a heat indication within a conditioned space. The HVAC system further includes a controller configured to receive feedback indicative of the heat indication from the thermal light detector and, based on the feedback, correlate the heat indication with a categorized event of a plurality of categorized events. The controller is further configured to adjust operation of the HVAC system based on the categorized event.

Abstract: An air handling unit includes a rain hood configured to receive an air flow from an external environment surrounding the rain hood, and a sensor disposed within the rain hood and configured to monitor air flow parameters indicative of a flow rate of the air flow.

Abstract: A system for mounting an object in an opening in a structural member that has opposing first and second surfaces, the system including a housing with an interior to house the object and receivable within the opening in the structural member, the housing having at least one bendable tab to bear against and support the housing on the first surface of the structural member, the housing further including at least one pair of openings, and a trim ring having an interior side and an opposing exterior side, the interior side having one tab shaped to engage an opening in the pair of openings, the trim ring further including at least a second tab sized and shaped to engage an opening in a second pair of openings in the housing and thereby hold the trim ring in place on the housing while bearing against the second surface of the structural member.

Abstract: A flex duct fitting system includes: a flex duct with an inner lining, a flex duct fitting device, including a connector portion, including a connector portion body, a flex fitting assembly with a peripheral protrusion and a peripheral indentation; a circular fastener, such that the inner lining is pulled over the flex fitting assembly, such that the at least one circular fastener is positioned in the peripheral indentation and tightened around the connector portion body, with the inner lining tightened in place between the at least one circular fastener and the peripheral indentation.

Abstract: An air conditioner is provided. A main body of the air conditioner is provided with an air outlet facing a front lower side of the main body. An upper passage is arranged above the air outlet and in communication with the air outlet, and is adapted to supply air forwardly. An upper air deflection assembly is used to direct air to flow out of a terminus of the upper passage. The upper air deflection assembly has an upper air diffusing plate. A front air deflection assembly is used to direct air to flow out of a terminus of the air outlet.

Abstract: An air conditioner is provided. A main body of the air conditioner is provided with an air outlet having a front opening. The main body is also provided with a side air guide member for guiding airflow to at least one of a left side and a right side of the air conditioner.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an air conditioner including a suction panel which includes a suction port through which air is suctioned in inside a housing. The suction panel is formed to rotate with an axial direction of an air blowing fan or a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the air blowing fan as a rotation axis to be coupled with or separated from the housing. Accordingly, a user may easily and intuitively separate the suction panel and falling of the suction panel, which may occur when the suction panel is separated, may be effectively reduced using a supporting unit disposed at the suction panel. Also, the housing and cover members which cover an outer perimeter of a lower portion of the housing may be coupled with each other by pressurizing the cover members toward the housing, thereby allowing the user to easily coupled the cover members.

Abstract: Provided is a water heater including a burner that receives a supply of combustion air from a fan, a heat exchanger having a heat transfer tube, and a combustion chamber case in which a combustion chamber of the burner is formed in the interior thereof and which is to be capable of guiding combustion gas generated by the burner to the heat exchanger. The water heater further includes a unit case that surrounds the combustion chamber case, and a region on the outside of the combustion chamber case within the unit case serves as an air pressure chamber having a higher pressure than the combustion chamber. Thus, combustion gas leakage to the outside can be prevented or suppressed appropriately by means of a simple configuration.

Abstract: Tubing structures are connected to each other to form a tubing assembly having one or more fluid pathways from a fluid entrance to a fluid exit. A heating device is bonded to the tubing structures along a length of the tubing assembly. The heating device has a flexibility to follow along one or more bends present along the length of the tubing assembly. The heating device includes one or more heater traces embedded within an encasing material. The encasing material is thermally conductive and electrically insulative. The one or more heater traces are formed of a material that generates heat in the presence of an electrical current. The heating device has a continuous and unbroken structure along the length of the tubing assembly. An encapsulation layer of thermal insulating material is disposed over the tubing assembly and covers the heating device.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for collecting a by-product in a semiconductor process, the apparatus including: a housing; a heater plate; a heater power supply unit; first and second upper horizontal brackets collecting a part of a by-product in a powder form; a by-product collecting tower allowing the exhaust gas to pass vertically and collecting a part of the by-product in a powder form; a lower horizontal bracket guiding the exhaust gas toward a window and collecting a part of the by-product in a powder form; the window blocking the powder form by-product from introducing toward a gas collecting and discharging port and guiding the exhaust gas thereto; and the gas collecting and discharging port. Accordingly, the apparatus can increase capacity of collecting by-products with a simple structure, thereby extending a replacement period of the apparatus and collect a large amount of by-products efficiently over a long period of time.

Abstract: A tankless hot water heater has a molded body having an inlet and an outlet. The water heater has a clamshell design such that upper and lower portions are removably attached to one another. A channel extends from the inlet to the outlet. Heating elements extend through at least a portion of the channel and are configured to heat water flowing through the channel. Sensors are configured to measure temperature of water flowing through the channel prior to coming into contact with the heating element. Sensors measure flow rates, temperatures, presence of air, and/or other factors. A controller adjusts power supplied to heating elements using data from sensors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for exchanging heat contained at a fluid. A gas which is heated indirectly and emits infrared radiation is used as the fluid, said fluid being guided to the heat exchanger via an inlet and through art absorber chamber in the heat exchanger, and at least one surface, which absorbs the infrared radiation of the gas in order to use the heat of the gas, is provided in the absorber chamber. The mass flow and the temperature of she gas are additionally adjusted and the at least one surface which is absorbent for the heat exchange is designed such that the ratio dr of the heat flowing through the surface as a result of absorption to the total heat flowing through the surface is ?0.6 during operation. Thus, a simpler and less expensive heat exchanger can be implemented.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first expander, a flash tank, a first load, a first work recovery compressor, a valve, and a first compressor. The first expander expands a refrigerant. The flash tank stores a refrigerant from the expander. The first load uses the refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a space proximate the first load. The work recovery compressor compresses the refrigerant from the first load and is driven by the first expander. The valve reduces the pressure of the refrigerant from the work recovery compressor below a threshold. The first compressor compresses the refrigerant from the valve.

Abstract: A caloric regenerator system includes a flow body that defines a plurality of cold side channels, a plurality of hot side channels and a central passage. A port body is received within the central passage of the flow body such that the flow body is rotatable relative to the port body. The port body defines a hot side port and a cold side port. A width of the hot side port is less than a width of the cold side port. An annular caloric regenerator is in flow communication with the plurality of cold side channels and the plurality of hot side channels such that a heat transfer fluid is flowable into the annular caloric regenerator through the plurality of cold side channels and out of the annular caloric regenerator through the plurality of hot side channels.

Abstract: A method for operating a caloric heat pump system includes changing a cycle frequency at which a field of a field generator is applied to caloric material in the caloric heat pump system. The method also includes adjusting a speed of a hot side fan in response to the cycle frequency change and adjusting a speed of a cold side fan in response to the cycle frequency change. A respective one of three separate control loops changes the cycle frequency, adjusts the speed of the hot side fan, and adjusts the speed of the cold side fan.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides thermoelectric cooling devices, systems and methods. A thermoelectric system of the present disclosure may comprise a chamber configured to hold the beverage container; at least one actuator configured to rotate the beverage container within the chamber; a source of a thermal coupling medium in fluid communication with the chamber, wherein the thermal coupling medium is configured to thermally couple the beverage container to one or more walls of the chamber; a heat sink; and a plurality of thermoelectric cooling elements surrounding the chamber, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric cooling elements is configured to transfer heat from the beverage container to the heat sink upon application of power to the plurality of thermoelectric cooling elements, thereby cooling the beverage container.

Abstract: A mechano-caloric heat pump includes a mechano-caloric stage, an elongated lever arm pivotable about a point, and a motor is operable to rotate a cam. The elongated lever arm is coupled to the mechano-caloric stage proximate a first end portion of the elongated lever arm and to the cam proximate a second end portion of the elongated lever arm such that the motor is operable to stress the mechano-caloric stage via pivoting of the elongated lever arm as the cam rotates.

Abstract: A mechano-caloric stage includes an elongated outer sleeve. An elongated inner sleeve is disposed within the elongated outer sleeve. A pair of pistons is received within the elongated inner sleeve. Each of the pair of pistons is positioned at a respective end of the elongated inner sleeve. The pair of pistons are moveable relative to the elongated inner sleeve. A mechano-caloric material is disposed within the elongated inner sleeve between the pair of pistons. The mechano-caloric material is compressible between the pair of pistons.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for systems and methods to control operation of a cryocooler/refrigeration system to provide cryogenic and/or general cooling of a device or sensor system. A cryocooler controller includes a motor driver controller configured to generate motor driver control signals based on operational parameters corresponding to operation of a cryocooler controlled by the controller, and a motor driver configured to generate corresponding drive signals to drive a motor of the cryocooler. The motor driver includes a first stage with a first pair of switches coupled serially between an input of the motor driver and a ground of the motor driver, a second pair of switches coupled serially between an output of the first stage and the ground of the motor driver, and an inductor coupled between the first and second pairs of switches, where operation of each switch is independently controlled by the motor driver control signals.

Abstract: A refrigeration system for a temperature-controlled storage device includes a refrigeration circuit, a cooling circuit, and a controller. The refrigeration circuit includes a compressor driven by a brushless DC motor operable at multiple different speeds, a first heat exchanger, an expansion device, and a cooling unit in fluid communication via a first working fluid. The cooling circuit includes a pump and a second heat exchanger in fluid communication with the first heat exchanger via a second working fluid such that the first heat exchanger is liquid-cooled by the second working fluid. The controller operates the brushless DC motor at multiple different speeds to accommodate multiple different thermal loads experienced by the refrigeration system. Each of the speeds corresponds to a different thermal load. The controller modulates the speed of the brushless DC motor to maintain a desired temperature of a temperature-controlled space within the temperature-controlled device.

Abstract: In a cold generator, comprising a refrigerant circuit, it is provided that: the cold generator comprises a heat exchanger unit in which a heat-emitting heat exchanger and a heat-absorbing heat exchanger are integrated, wherein the heat exchanger unit comprises a flow path layer stack which is built up in a stacked construction; in order to form the heat-emitting heat exchanger in the flow path layer stack, at least one heat-emitting refrigerant flow path and at least one heat-absorbing second heat transport flow path are provided; a second heat transport medium guided in a second heat transport circuit flows or is arranged to flow through the second heat transport flow path; at least one heat-absorbing refrigerant flow path and at least one heat-emitting first heat transport flow path are provided in order to form the heat-absorbing heat exchanger in the flow path layer stack; and a first heat transport medium guided in a first heat transport circuit flows or is arranged to flow through the first heat transpo

Abstract: A mobile cooling box has a box main body with inner side walls and a bottom, and at least one lid for opening the mobile cooling box and providing access to the inside of the mobile cooling box. The inside of the mobile cooling box is laminated with a lining at the inner side walls and at the bottom thereof. The mobile cooling box further has an ice maker module. The ice maker module has a freezing compartment, wherein the ice maker module can be removably placed on a freezing zone on a bottom part of the lining. The mobile cooling box further comprises an evaporator arranged underneath the lining at the freezing zone for providing sufficient cooling power for freezing goods being located in the freezing compartment.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an Ice maker. Specifically, the disclosure relates to an ice maker having a circulating coolant fluid that is separate and distinct from the circulating refrigerant used to control the coolant's temperature in a hot coolant reservoir and a cold coolant reservoir.

Abstract: A refrigerator according to the present invention includes: an ice maker for generating ice; an ice bin for storing the ice generated by the ice maker and including a rotational blade that can be rotated in order to discharge the ice; a motor for generating power for rotating the rotational blade; a manipulation pad provided on the door of the refrigerator and manipulated to discharge the ice from the ice bin; a manipulation sensing part for detecting the manipulation of the manipulation pad; and a controller for operating the motor when the manipulation of the manipulation pad is detected by the manipulation sensing part, wherein the controller may rotate the motor in one direction to discharge the ice from the ice bin and the controller rotates the motor in the other direction, which is the opposite direction of the one direction, for a set period of time when the manipulation of the manipulation pad is not detected by the manipulation sensing part during the process of discharging the ice.

Abstract: A mobile cooling box has a box main body and at least one lid for opening the mobile cooling box and providing access to the inside of the mobile cooling box. The mobile cooling box further has at least one handle module located at an outer side surface of the box main body. The handle module comprises a handlebar intended to be grasped by the user, the handle module having a longitudinal axis and two ends, hangers to which the handlebar is attached at its two ends, and brackets at which the hangers are rotatably mounted. The hangers are fixed to the outer side surface of the box main body. The handlebar of the handle module can be swung out and upwards from an unactuated state to an actuated state for carrying the mobile cooling box by the handlebar Each of the brackets comprises a mounting area and a shielding area. The mounting area faces the outer side surface of the box main body to which the bracket is fixed.

Abstract: A mobile cooling box has a box main body and at least one lid for opening the box and provides access from above to the inside of the box. The mobile cooling box is equipped with a user interface module for operation and control by the user. The user interface module is mounted at the mobile cooling box in a way that a part of it is engaged with a designated opening at the mobile cooling box on one side of the user interface module and fixed with additional fixation means at the other side of the user interface module.

Abstract: A mobile cooling box has a box main body and at least one lid for providing access to the inside of the mobile cooling box. At one side edge the lid is hinged to the box main body so that the lid is pivotable from a closed position to an open position. The mobile cooling box further has a latch handle module for manually locking and unlocking the lid. The latch handle module is integrated in the lid and located at another side edge of the lid. The latch handle module comprises an actuating element that is manually operable by the user, a locking element that is engageable with a corresponding counterpart located at the box main body in order to lock the lid from being opened and a casing, and the latch handle module provides a mechanism for locking and unlocking the lid.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a transport refrigeration device of a vehicle that is external to a cab of the vehicle and provides cooling to another portion of the vehicle separate from the cab includes a refrigeration controller associated with the refrigeration device and configured to control operation of the refrigeration device. A communication module is associated with the refrigeration controller. A display situated in the cab is configured to provide a first visual representation of information regarding the refrigeration device and at least one second visual representation of at least one other type of information. The display obtains the information regarding the refrigeration device from the refrigeration controller through communications with the communication module.

Abstract: A mobile cooling box has a box main body and at least one lid for opening the mobile cooling box and providing access to the inside of the mobile cooling box. The mobile cooling box further has at least one air vent 400 located on at least one side wall of the box main body, the at least one air vent comprises at least one opening, preferably in form of an essentially horizontal slot, allowing air flow through the respective side wall of the mobile cooling box. The at least one opening or slot comprises one or more shielding elements that are designed in such a way that the one or more shielding elements at least partly block the view into the inside of the mobile cooling box from the outside of the mobile cooling box.

Abstract: In a method for freezing a liquid located in a container, in particular a liquid drug, the container is exposed to a cold gas in order to freeze the liquid. The cold gas preferably flows around the container, and/or is cooled in another way in order to freeze the liquid. The container is insulated at a surface of at least one first volume portion of the container, and the container is cooled nearly immediately at a surface of a second volume portion of the container by the cold gas such that the liquid freezes through later in the at least one first volume portion than in the second volume portion.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a door with a transparent display assembly that includes a front panel defining at least a portion of a front surface of the door, a touch sensor disposed on a rear surface of the front panel to recognize touch manipulation, a rear panel defining at least a portion of a rear surface of the door, an insulation coating layer provided on a surface of the rear panel by a metal oxide to block heat from the outside, an outer spacer disposed between the front panel and the rear panel to provide a sealed space between the front panel and the rear panel, a display disposed in the sealed space, a light guide plate spaced apart from the display to brighten up the display, and a spacer supporting the light guide plate and maintaining a distance between the display and the light guide plate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a refrigerator, comprising a cabinet, a door and a hinge body, wherein a positioning shaft and a guiding shaft are provided on the hinge body, and a positioning groove and a guiding groove are provided on the door; the door of the refrigerator according to the present invention may be moved by a distance in a direction away from a pivoting side when being opened, thereby avoiding inconvenience of opening the door due to the protrusion of the side wall of the door.

Abstract: A refrigerator having a first storage compartment with a first storage space and a movable shelf assembly disposed in the first storage space, wherein the movable shelf assembly includes a movable shelf movably disposed in the first storage space, a plurality of links, one end of each of the links being pivotably coupled to each of both sides of the movable shelf, and a driver coupled to the other end of each of the links such that each link pivots, wherein the driver is configured to move each link forwardly and outwardly of the first storage space and, at the same time, to pivot each link.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a refrigerator. Specifically, a refrigerator that is capable of enabling a user to easily introduce or remove goods into or from the refrigerator is disclosed. More specifically, a refrigerator that is capable of enabling a drawer for receiving goods to be more conveniently used is disclosed.

Abstract: A ballistic vest cooling assembly includes a ballistic vest that is comprised of a bullet resistant material to protect a user from a bullet. A plurality of tubes is integrated into the ballistic vest and the plurality of tubes contains a fluid. A sleeve is positioned around the plurality of tubes to define an air space between the sleeve and the plurality of tubes. A temperature conditioning unit is coupled to the ballistic vest and the temperature conditioning unit is in fluid communication with the sleeve. The temperature conditioning unit blows air through the sleeve when the temperature conditioning unit is turned on for cooling the user when the user wears the ballistic vest. A control unit is selectively placed in electrical communication with the temperature conditioning unit for turning the temperature conditioning unit on and off. Additionally, a remote control is in wireless electrical communication with the control unit for remotely controlling the temperature conditioning unit.

Abstract: A system and method for increasing the efficiency of natural gas liquefaction processes by using a hybrid cooling system and method. More specifically, a system and method for converting a transcritical precooling refrigeration process to a subcritical process. In one embodiment, the refrigerant is cooled to sub-critical temperature using an economizer. In another embodiment, the refrigerant is cooled to a sub-critical temperature using an auxiliary heat exchanger. Optionally, the economizer or auxiliary heat exchanger can be bypassed when ambient temperatures are sufficiently low to cool the refrigerant to a sub-critical temperature. In another embodiment, the refrigerant is isentropically expanded.

Abstract: A method of drying frac sand without heat is comprised of constructing a drainage system and placing sand on top of a perforated top layer thereon. The drainage system has multiple layers through which liquid passes to dewater sand resting thereon. At the bottom of the drainage system, perforated collection pipes, at least partially surrounded by rocks, collect and carry the liquid to a collection pond for reuse. A cellular confinement layer has sections of panels which, upon expansion, have cells filled with rocks. A woven monofilament geotextile fabric layer comprising woven monofilament geotextile fabric sheets sewn together has sized openings which allow fluid, but prevent sand from passing through the openings. The top layer comprises high density polyethylene perforated sheets welded together. A watertight liner sits below the collection pipes and the cellular confinement layer. Protective layers above and below the watertight liner prevent rocks from damaging same.

Abstract: Heat exchange structure. A hydrophilic, thermally conductive porous medium includes nanostructures formed substantially uniformly throughout the porous medium providing a balance of capillary and viscous forces to self-regulate a liquid-vapor contact line. A suitable porous medium is copper. A method for making the structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a heat exchanger, including a plurality of heat exchange members arranged in a first direction so as to be spaced apart from each other. Each of the plurality of heat exchange members includes: a heat transfer pipe extending in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; and a heat transfer plate provided to the heat transfer pipe along the second direction. The heat transfer plate includes extending portions extending away from the heat transfer pipe in a third direction intersecting with each of the first direction and the second direction. The heat transfer plate is formed separately from the heat transfer pipe.