Abstract: An impact indication system for indicating an impact of a projectile on a target. The impact indication system includes an impact sensing system including a g-force sensor, a housing engagable with the target, and a first computing device including at least a processor and a memory. The impact indication system further includes a signal output unit including a housing, a signal output device, a second computing device including a processor and a memory, the first computing device operable to send a signal to the second computing device in response to sensing the impact, and the second computing device operable to produce a signal indicative of the impact.

Abstract: A rocket propelled bullet assembly for increasing the effective range of a gun includes a shell casing that is positioned in a chamber of a gun and the shell casing has an open end. A first propellant is contained in the shell casing and the first propellant is ignited when the gun is fired. A bullet is positioned in the open end of the shell casing. The bullet is fired from the shell casing when the first propellant is ignited and the bullet is projected from the gun. A rocket unit is integrated into the bullet and the rocket unit fires when the bullet is fired from the shell casing. The rocket unit increases a velocity of the bullet when the bullet is traveling thereby increasing a range of the bullet.

Abstract: A non-projectile cartridge apparatus has a cartridge casing having a receiver positioned therein. Further, the non-projectile cartridge has a simulated primer positioned at the bottom of the cartridge casing. Moreover, the non-projectile cartridge has a rim positioned around at least a portion of a circumference of the cartridge casing. The rim is gripped by an extractor of a firearm after a firing pin of the firearm strikes the simulated primer. Additionally, the non-projectile member has a connector. The non-projectile member is in a closed position within the cartridge casing during a connection between the connector and the receiver. Further, the non-projectile member is in an open position during a disconnection between the connector and the receiver. The disconnection occurs as a result of the firing pin striking the simulated primer.

Abstract: A system for a practice electrode (e.g. dart) for a conducted electrical weapon (“CEW”). An officer issued a CEW is required to practice with the CEW in order to maximize its safe and effective use in a stressful situation. Preferably, training is performed using equipment as similar as possible to the equipment an officer uses in the field. Training with a CEW may include using a CEW to launch darts toward a human target. Training with a CEW against a live target may be improved, at least from the perspective of the target, by using a practice dart that is similar in weight and flight to a conventional electrode, but that does not pierce target clothing or tissue or deliver a high voltage current through the target. A practice dart may be similar to a conventional electrode, but include additional structure (e.g. cap) that prevents piercing. The additional structure and/or a non-conductive filament may be used to reduce a likelihood of or preclude delivery of a current through the target.

Abstract: Process for making a fragmentation warhead using hot isostatic pressing where tungsten spheres, powdered steel, and interlock features on a mandrel are consolidated in a matrix. Then in the finished part, the front fragmentation cap, rear and interior geometries are machined, resulting in a finished warhead with an enhanced performance fragmentation cap integrally bonded to it.

Abstract: A method for controlling the attitude and/or flight path of a flight vehicle includes burning propellant in a gas generator to produce hot gas, storing the hot gas in an accumulator, and releasing the hot gas in the accumulator through one or more thrusters to control the attitude and/or flight path of the flight vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing spent primers from spent ammunition shell casings includes a body defining a feed channel, a pin plunger channel intersecting the feed channel at a punch zone configured to receive a shell casing therein, and a guide channel intersecting the pin plunger channel, a pin plunger movable along the pin plunger channel and defining a punch end, a guide member movable along the guide channel, and a handle assembly coupled to the pin plunger and the guide member such that rotary motion of the handle assembly drives the pin plunger along the pin plunger channel toward and into the punch zone so that, with a spent shell casing positioned in the punch zone, the punch end of the pin plunger extends into and drives the spent primer from the spent shell casing.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes a bumper system for use with an Explosive Ordnance Disposal disruptor. The bumper system can include a bumper stop configured the slidably engage the disruptor, and a bumper configured to receive at least a portion of an initiation system of the disruptor. The bumper may be configured to receive at least a portion of the initiation system such that the bumper is attached to the at least a portion of the initiation system by friction.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for use in actuating an electronic detonator in response to a shock tube event propagated through a shock tube, the sensor assembly including support, and at least one sensor on a surface of the support, the support being configured to position the at least one sensor displaced laterally from a line of action of the shock tube event.

Abstract: A tape measure, including a tape measure blade having a cross-sectional profile to increase standout is provided. The profile has a curved shape that increases standout. The tape blade may have a flat width of 30 mm or less and a standout of at least 132 inches. The tape blade may have a flat width greater than or equal to 29 mm and less than 32 mm and a standout of at least 156 inches. The tape blade may have a flat width greater than 32 mm and a standout of at least 168 inches.

Abstract: A multi-element sensor includes a substrate having a surface. A first sensing element for sensing an environmental attribute is disposed on or over the substrate surface. A second sensing element is disposed over the same substrate surface as the first sensing element, above the first sensing element in a direction orthogonal to the substrate surface. The second sensing element is arranged for sensing the same environmental attribute. In one configuration, the first and second sensing elements sense the same environmental attribute at a location between the first and second sensing elements.

Abstract: A trolley-wire measurement device includes a rail detection unit to detect rails from point-group data that is an aggregate of points obtained by measuring a target object three-dimensionally, the rails defining a railway on which a train runs, a reference setting unit to set a reference for measuring a height and a displacement of a point on a trolley wire on the basis of the rails detected, a trolley-wire detection unit to detect the point on the trolley wire from the point-group data, and a height and displacement measurement unit to measure a height and a displacement of the point on the trolley wire by using the reference.

Abstract: Methods and systems for evaluating the geometric characteristics of patterned structures are presented. More specifically, geometric structures generated by one or multiple patterning processes are measured by two or more metrology systems in accordance with a hybrid metrology methodology. A measurement result from one metrology system is communicated to at least one other metrology systems to increase the measurement performance of the receiving system. Similarly, a measurement result from the receiving metrology system is communicated back to the sending metrology system to increase the measurement performance of the sending system. In this manner, measurement results obtained from each metrology system are improved based on measurement results received from other cooperating metrology systems. In some examples, metrology capability is expanded to measure parameters of interest that were previously unmeasurable by each metrology system operating independently.

Abstract: A distance measuring system includes a light emitting member, an optical member, an image sensing member, and a computing member. The light emitting member provides a light beam to an object. The optical member is disposed on a transmission path of the light beam reflected by the object. The image sensing member is disposed on a transmission path of the part of the light beam passing through the optical member, and the image sensing member has an image sensing area for receiving the part of the light beam passing through the optical member and receiving the part of the light beam not passing through the optical member. The computing member compares a difference between the deformation area and the non-deformation area of the object image so as to obtain a distance variation of the object.

Abstract: A measurement system includes a measuring instrument, a measurement control device, and a ranging device. The measuring instrument includes a base that is to be fixed to a tool shaft of a machining apparatus, a first rod and a second rod that are connected to the base, and a first measuring head and a second measuring head that are fixed to the respective rods and irradiate an object to be measured with measurement light. The measurement control device acquires a distance I between the first measuring head and an inner peripheral surface of the hole of the object to be measured, and a distance O between the second measuring head and an outer peripheral surface of the object from the ranging device, and calculates the thickness of the object on the basis of the distance I, the distance O, and a distance between the first and second measuring heads.

Abstract: A method for determining a position of a component in a medical apparatus along a travel distance. The method comprising the steps of generating light by a light source; fixing the component movably along a travel distance; providing a photosensitive sensor surface, and generating a silhouette of the component on the sensor surface by irradiating the component with light from the light source. Data relating to the silhouette is converted by a data processing unit into the position of the component along the travel distance. The component whose position is determined may comprise a stopper of a cartridge.

Abstract: A DPTSS fiber optic cable includes an optical fiber sheathing cylindrical metal tube accommodating a pressure sensor optical fiber and having a plurality of through holes formed therein; and pressure blocking sections formed at intervals in the axial direction of the cable.

Abstract: The disclosure includes a system that includes a light source, an optical detector, a camera, and a controller. The light source is configured to illuminate a turbine blade of an engine. The optical detector is coupled to a turbine case of the engine. The camera is communicatively coupled to the optical detector and configured to detect an image of the turbine blade at a stationary condition and an image of the turbine blade at a rotational speed and temperature using the optical detector. The controller is configured to determine and output a relative displacement of at least one timing probe from the turbine blade at the rotational speed and temperature based on the image of the turbine blade at the stationary condition and the image of the turbine blade at the rotational speed and temperature. The at least one timing probe is coupled to the turbine case.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor device for determining alignment/misalignment of a laser beam relative to a gas nozzle of a laser machining head which comprises a sensor housing provided with mounting means adapted to mount the housing to a laser machining head, a camera device comprising a camera, the camera device is provided in the sensor housing, so that the camera faces the tip of the gas nozzle when the sensor housing is mounted to the laser machining head for visualizing an orifice of the gas nozzle and a pilot laser simultaneously, and output means for outputting image signals obtained by the camera.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an overlay error measurement device that is capable of accurately recognizing patterns and executing overlay error measurement, even when one pattern overlaps with another pattern in some areas but not in others. In order to do so, the present invention provides an overlay error measurement device provided with a calculating device for calculating overlay error. The overlay error measurement device is provided with an image designation device for designating a plurality of regions demarcated by luminance borders on an image. The calculating device recognizes, as a first pattern, a region in an image to be measured, corresponding to the plurality of regions demarcated by luminance borders, and uses the recognized first pattern to measure overlay error.

Abstract: Provided is a method for controlling an ultrasonic motor to reduce deterioration of automatic tracking performance, and a surveying instrument for the same. The present invention provides a method for controlling an ultrasonic motor in a surveying instrument including a rotary shaft, an ultrasonic motor that drives a rotary shaft, a tracking unit that includes a light emitting unit and a light receiving unit and tracks a target, and a clock signal oscillation unit that outputs a clock signal, wherein at the time of low-speed rotation of the ultrasonic motor, based on the clock signal, a ratio of an acceleration period in which a drive signal is applied and a deceleration period in which the drive signal is stopped in a drive cycle of the drive signal of the ultrasonic motor is set, and the light emitting unit is made to emit light in the deceleration period.

Abstract: A laser level comprising a first laser module and a second laser module, each comprising a laser diode and an optical unit, a holder arranging the first laser module and the second laser module in a fixed relative position, and a housing, in which the holder is suspended with a gimbal or ball joint. Each optical unit comprises a collimating lens arranged along the beam path following the laser diode, and configured for collimating a beam emitted by the laser diode; a pair of partially transmitting mirrors, each arranged along the beam path following the collimating lens, and configured for laterally reflecting less than half of the collimated beam in terms of the beam cross-section, and in terms of the beam intensity; and a cylindrical lens arranged along the beam path following the pair of partially transmitting mirrors, and configured for shaping the collimated beam into a fan beam.

Abstract: Technologies for tracking and locating underground assets include a survey instrument having an asset tracking device. The asset tracking device determines a current geographic location of the survey instrument and a heading of a sensor group of the survey instrument when aimed at a target measurement point of an underground asset. The asset tracking device measures the distance between the sensor group and the target measurement point of the underground asset. The asset tracking device also determines the pitch of the sensor group when aimed at the target measurement point of the underground asset. The effective height of the sensor group relative to the elevation at the survey location is also determined. The asset tracking device determines the geographic location and a corresponding depth of the target measurement point on the underground asset based on the determined and measured information. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Provided are a structure including: a substrate; a first layer provided on the substrate; a second layer provided on the first layer; and a third layer provided on the second layer, in which the first layer is a layer containing a compound represented by a chemical formula MIn2O4 using M as a metal element, the second layer is a metal layer having a face-centered cubic structure, and the third layer is a ferroelectric film, and a sensor using the structure.

Abstract: A physical quantity sensor includes a base, a suspension beam facing the base, a fixing anchor fixing the suspension beam to the base, a fixed electrode extending orthogonally from the suspension beam, and a movable electrode facing the fixed electrode at an interval. The width of a distal end of the suspension beam distant from the fixing anchor is narrower than the width of a proximal end adjacent to the fixing anchor.

Abstract: Navigation systems and methods are provided. A classifier is configured to transform a received image of a terrain into a classified image in which patches of pixels from the received image are represented as being in one of a specified number of material classes, each associated with respective terrain parameters. A physical traversability module is configured to determine, for the material parameters, a terrain topography and given vehicle parameters, a degree of traversability of the vehicle through the terrain as represented by the received image, to yield a traversability map. A routing module is configured to derive traversability measure(s) for route(s) through the classified image and with respect to the traversability map, between a given origin and a given destination or within a region with respect to a user-defined mission. A graphical user interface is configured to display the route(s) according to the traversability measure(s).

Abstract: A system, method and program product for utilizing WIAR technology to aid in the navigation of a marine vessel. A system is provided that includes a WIAR device for displaying marine navigation data and receiving command inputs; a middleware component that interfaces with the WIAR device and a navigation system of a marine vessel; and a display coordinator that determines a set of display items to display on the WIAR device, wherein the set of display items are determined in response to an operational mode of the marine vessel.

Abstract: A vehicle determines a traction value for a surface of a road segment, and associates the traction value with a location of the surface. The vehicle stores the traction value and location as part of a traction map.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods, and apparatuses for providing navigation. In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving a starting point and a destination from a user; calculating a plurality of routes between the starting point and the destination; receiving traffic information and traffic sign information associated with the plurality of routes; calculating transportation conditions during a set period of time in the future for each of the plurality of routes based on the traffic information and traffic sign information; selecting a recommended route from the plurality of routes based on the transportation conditions; and displaying the recommended route.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to producing a plan of a route in a transportation system. The method receives route requirements, including a starting location and an ending location. The method builds a model of the transportation system from data about vehicles. The model abstracts a “prospect travel” between two locations using any of a range of choices of vehicles and walks that can transport between the two locations. Given anticipated wait durations for the vehicles and their ride durations, the method determines an expected minimum travel duration using any of these choices. The method combines the expectations for various locations in a scalable manner. As a result, a route plan that achieves a shortest expected travel duration, and meets other requirements, is computed for one of the largest metropolitan areas in existence today. Other embodiments include a computer system and a product service that implement the method.

Abstract: Data indicating current driving characteristics of a driver driving a vehicle can be received in real time. A driving profile for the driver can be determined based on the data. The driving profile can be categorized into a driving pattern category. A plurality of candidate travel routes for the driver to reach an intended destination can be identified and, for each of the candidate travel routes, a plurality of route segments can be identified. Based on the driving pattern category, a probability that the current driving characteristics of the driver will cause a traffic accident can be determined for each of the plurality of route segments. Route segments for which the probability that the current driving characteristics of the driver will cause the traffic accident exceeds a threshold value can be determined. A notification can be communicated to the driver or vehicle indicating such probability.

Abstract: Arrangements relate to determining a travel route. An origin and a destination of intended travel can be received. A plurality of first inputs can be received. Each first input can relate to the availability of a respective communication channel between the origin and the destination. Each first input can create at least one data item representing the availability of the respective communication channel. One or more suggested travel routes between the origin and the destination can be determined based on one or more of the received plurality of first inputs. At least a subset of the determined one or more suggested travel routes can be presented to a user.

Abstract: Arrangements relate to determining a travel route. An origin and a destination of intended travel can be received. A plurality of first inputs can be received. Each first input can relate to the availability of a respective communication channel between the origin and the destination. Each first input can create at least one data item representing the availability of the respective communication channel. One or more suggested travel routes between the origin and the destination can be determined based on one or more of the received plurality of first inputs. At least a subset of the determined one or more suggested travel routes can be presented to a user.

Abstract: Electronic navigation systems may be provided with user and/or demo profiles. Each user or demo profile may define a specific settings regarding display layout, user preferences, and various functions and features displayed or provided at an electronic navigation system. A user profile may define specific display preferences on a menu screen for a profile owner. A demo profile may define specific functions/features displayed on a screen for demonstrating use with a specific type of vehicle or a specific type of activity. Each demo profile also may store simulation data that allow the electronic navigation system to simulate the use of the navigation system with a specific type of vehicle or a specific type of activity. The electronic navigation system may allow users to create a new profile, edit an existing profile, and/or activate or deactivate an existing profile.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods that perform actions including: receiving a user input selecting a current location within a map displayed on a screen of the terminal device; generating a request message indicating a request for a location relationship between the selected current location and a target location, the request message including an identifier of the current location, the target location being a location currently or previously displayed on the map; transmitting the request message to a map server configured to determine a geographical location of the current location and a geographical location of the target location; receiving, from the map server, a location relationship between the current location and the target location, wherein the location relationship is determined based on the geographical location of the current location and the geographical location of the target location; and displaying a graphical indicator representing the location relationship.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining map data associated with a map of a geographic location including one or more roadways, the map including a first submap represented by a first local Euclidean space and a second submap represented by a second local Euclidean space. A route that includes a first roadway in the first submap and a second roadway in the second submap is determined using a first projection between a global coordinate system and the first local Euclidean space and a second projection between the global coordinate system and the second local Euclidean space. The route is provided to an autonomous vehicle (AV) for driving on the first roadway and the second roadway.

Abstract: A computer system can estimate preparation times associated with items offered by a plurality of entities to manage a service over a given geographic region. The computer system can receive, from a user device of a user, a request that includes a selection of one or more items offered by one or more entities near the service location. The network system can determine an optimal route of navigation for a service provider to navigate in fulfilling the request. The route of navigation can be determined based at least in part on timing information associated with the one or more items selected by the user. The timing information can be determined based on historical data and/or real-time data.

Abstract: A method for searching a point of interest (POI) around a location is provided. The method includes receiving information relating to a target location associated with a user from a terminal and determining a target geocode value relating to the target location. The method also includes obtaining a geocode structure for determining POIs. The method further includes determining at least one POI relating to the target location based on the geocode structure and the target geocode value.

Abstract: A device, system and method for controlling speed of a vehicle are provided. The device includes a locational information module for determining location information and speed; a storage module for storing at least one geographic map including at least one route and a speed limit for the at least one route; a processing module configured to receive the location information, retrieve at least one geographic map based on the location information, determine a speed limit based on the location information and compare the speed of the device to the determined speed limit; and a display module for alerting a user if the speed of the device exceeds the determined speed limit. The system and method can be for communicating a subject vehicle's speed to a central server where it can be utilized to analyze traffic congestion patterns or notify selected companies or individuals.

Abstract: Systems and methods detect steps from one or more sensed accelerometer signals. Systems comprise an accelerometer and a non-transitory computer readable medium, each of which communicates with a processor. The accelerometer is coupled to an individual and generates outputs received by the processor. The non-transitory computer readable medium stores instructions controlling the processor to perform steps of a method. The processor determines a minimum and a maximum reading for respective time periods. Counted peak heights are maxima that exceed a rest threshold. The rest threshold may be a function of the rest maximum. The processor determines a peak threshold for each time period having a counted peak height. A counted amplitude comprises the difference between the maximum reading and minimum readings of a time period in which the counted peak height exceeds the peak threshold. The processor increments a step counter when a counted amplitude exceeds an amplitude threshold.

Abstract: A diagnostic apparatus for a rotational angle sensor that outputs two correlated signals, corresponding to a rotational angle, determines whether or not a failure has occurred in the rotational angle sensor based on whether or not a numerical value obtained from the two correlated signals is within a predetermined range. Then, in a case in which the diagnostic apparatus for the rotational angle sensor determines that the failure has occurred in the rotational angle sensor, the diagnostic apparatus cancels the determination that the failure has occurred in the rotational angle sensor, when the numerical value is within the predetermined range and the rotational angle obtained from the two correlated signals is an angle that cannot be recognized to be 0°, 90°, 180°, or 270°.

Abstract: A system includes a plurality of sensors measuring a physical parameter; a processing unit communicatively coupled to the plurality of sensors and configured to receive sensor data from each of the plurality of sensors; wherein the processing unit is further configured to compare rates of change between sensor data for each individual sensor of the plurality of sensors and each of the other individual sensors of the plurality of sensors; wherein the processing unit is further configured to perform a first action when the rate of change of each of the plurality of sensors is within a first threshold of all of the other plurality of sensors; and wherein the processing unit is further configured to perform a second action when the rate of change of at least one of the plurality of sensors is not within the first threshold of at least another of the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to xMR sensors, in particular AMR and/or TMR angle sensors with an angle range of 360 degrees. In embodiments, AMR angle sensors with a range of 360 degrees combine conventional, highly accurate AMR angle structures with structures in which an AMR layer is continuously magnetically biased by an exchange bias coupling effect. The equivalent bias field is lower than the external rotating magnetic field and is applied continuously to separate sensor structures. Thus, in contrast with conventional solutions, no temporary, auxiliary magnetic field need be generated, and embodiments are suitable for magnetic fields up to about 100 mT or more. Additional embodiments relate to combined TMR and AMR structures. In such embodiments, a TMR stack with a free layer functioning as an AMR structure is used. With a single such stack, contacted in different modes, a high-precision angle sensor with 360 degrees of uniqueness can be realized.

Abstract: A position detection device includes a first position detector, a second position detector, and a signal generator. The first position detector includes a first magnetic field generation unit, a second magnetic field generation unit, and a first magnetic sensor. The second position detector includes a third magnetic field generation unit, a fourth magnetic field generation unit, and a second magnetic sensor. The positions of the second and fourth magnetic field generation units vary in response to variations in a detection-target position. The signal generator generates a position detection signal, which is the sum of a first detection signal generated by the first magnetic sensor and a second detection signal generated by the second magnetic sensor. Each of the first and second position detectors includes a bias magnetic field generation unit.

Abstract: A position detection device includes a first magnetic field generation unit for generating a first magnetic field, a second magnetic field generation unit for generating a second magnetic field, and a magnetic sensor. The position of the second magnetic field generation unit relative to the first magnetic field generation unit is variable. The magnetic sensor detects the direction of a target magnetic field at a detection position in a reference plane. The target magnetic field is a composite magnetic field of first and second magnetic field components which are respective components of the first and second magnetic fields parallel to the reference plane. The magnetic sensor includes a magnetoresistive element including a free layer and a magnetization pinned layer. In the reference plane, two directions orthogonal to the magnetization direction of the magnetization pinned layer are each different from both of directions of the first and second magnetic field components.

Abstract: A non-contact operation sensing device for a vehicle includes: a capacitance sensor having one electric wire that is attached to a portion near a location where a metal component is provided in a vehicle body, is folded to have portions arranged in parallel, and forms a wire loop electrode whose capacitance changes according to a non-contact operation with respect to the vehicle body, wherein an interval between the portions of the electric wire arranged in parallel in the wire loop electrode is narrower at a portion close to the metal component than at a portion distant from the metal component.

Abstract: A fiber optical sensor and methods for sensing a physical quantity such as rotation using the same. The sensor has an optical fiber supporting propagation of light that is configured as an interferometer. One or more segments of the optical fiber, where the segments may be non-contiguous, are poled in such a manner that a phase shift in light propagating through the fiber is created in response to application of a voltage to an electrode thereby inducing an electric field across a poled segment of the fiber. A phase modulator comprising multiple poled segments is additionally described. Applying phase-shifting effects differentially across poled segments of optical fibers of an array of optical fibers may also allow for steering an optical beam.

Abstract: An instrument enclosure includes top and bottom sections, the bottom section having a first part fastened to a second part, and hinges hinging the top and bottom sections to enable the top section to rotate between a close positioned and an open position. When closed, the instrument enclosure defines an enclosed space suitable for receiving a field instrument. The bottom section may be fastened to a standpipe or to a bracket fastened to the standpipe. The bottom section may define an opening configured to receive the standpipe and/or an opening to receive process line tubing carrying process line signals to the field instrument. The field instrument may be affixed to an end portion of the standpipe received in the enclosed space, removably attached to an interior of the instrument enclosure, or affixed to a mounting plate attached to the standing pipe.

Abstract: Apparatus and Methods for fabricating apparatus having a hermetic seal to seal a portion of an apparatus, for example and without limitation, a portion having a MEMS sensor. One such method uses crimping devices to compress a seal in a cavity formed in a housing that includes a MEMS sensor attached to a stress isolator. Under such compression, the seal deforms to hermetically seal surfaces around the inside, outside and bottom of the stress isolator.

Abstract: A method for determining flow rate of a multiphase fluid. The method includes measuring a first pressure differential (316) of the multiphase fluid flowing through a rotodynamic pump (310) operating at a rotational speed thereby driving the multiphase fluid, measuring a second pressure differential (326) of the multiphase fluid flowing through a portion (320) of a fluid conduit positioned in series with said rotodynamic pump, and determining, based on the first and second pressure differentials and the rotational speed of said rotodynamic pump, a flow rate of the multiphase fluid.