Abstract: A process for converting a feedstock comprising an organic compound to a conversion product by contacting said feedstock at organic compound conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a mordenite zeolite having a mesoporous surface area of greater than 30 m2/g and an average primary crystal size as measured by TEM of less than 80 nm.

Abstract: Anticaking agents for inhibiting or preventing caking of inorganic salt granules are provided. The anticaking agents comprise a coordination complex of iron and a salt anion of an organic acid, wherein the salt anion is selected from the group consisting of malate, polyacrylate, diphosphonate, and mixtures thereof. Free-flowing, solid salt compositions resistant to caking are also described herein, along with methods of melting ice and/or snow on a surface or inhibiting the accumulation or formation of ice and/or snow on a surface, and methods of preventing or inhibiting caking of solid inorganic salt granules.

Abstract: A method for preparing industrial grade lithium carbonate from crude lithium fluoride includes the following steps: a, pulping by stirring crude lithium fluoride into a pulp, and adding an acid to prepare a crude lithium fluoride pulp-like material; b, double decomposition by adding the lithium fluoride pulp-like material obtained in the step a into a boiling calcium chloride solution, and then adding an alkaline substance to obtain a lithium chloride solution; c, lithium carbonate precipitation by heating the lithium chloride solution obtained in the step b, adding a carbonate solution according to the mass of lithium in the lithium chloride solution, stirring at a constant temperature, and filtering, wherein the filter cake is a lithium carbonate product. The lithium fluoride is decomposed at one time in a low-acidity environment; fluoride ions are removed; and a double decomposition reaction is used to decompose the lithium fluoride into lithium ions and calcium fluoride precipitates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing amorphous calcium carbonate, the amorphous calcium carbonate obtainable by the process, its use as well as a product comprising the amorphous calcium carbonate and the use of a spray dryer for the preparation of amorphous calcium carbonate.

Abstract: Provided is a vanadium oxide film which shows substantially no hysteresis of resistivity changes due to temperature rising/falling, has a low resistivity at room temperature, has a large absolute value of the temperature coefficient of resistance, and shows semiconductor-like resistance changes in a wide temperature range. In the vanadium oxide film, a portion of the vanadium has been replaced by aluminum and copper, and the amount of substance of aluminum is 10 mol % based on the sum total of the amount of substance of vanadium, the amount of substance of aluminum, and the amount of substance of copper. This vanadium oxide film has a low resistivity, has a large absolute value of the temperature coefficient of resistance, and shows substantially no hysteresis of resistivity changes due to temperature rising/falling.

Abstract: A device and a method for producing high-purity nano molybdenum trioxide are provided. The device comprises a raw material bin (1), a feeding machine (2), a subliming furnace (7), a first vent tube (24), a second vent tube (25), a spraying device (23) and a filtering assembly. The sublimated molybdenum trioxide is cooled with clean and dehumidified air so as to finally obtain the nano molybdenum trioxide, and the recycling mode is reliable, pollution-free and high in efficiency.

Abstract: A method for processing water and a control apparatus are provided. According to the method, a processor in communication with an apparatus for processing water may determine a water usage amount for an object; determine water usage time for the object; calculate time required for water preparation according to the water usage amount, a water preparation speed of the apparatus for processing water and a current amount of residual water; and determine time of starting water preparation according to the time required for water preparation and the water usage time.

Abstract: A water treatment system comprising a mechanical vapour compression apparatus (11), the mechanical vapour apparatus having a evaporation/condensation vessel (11a) and a recirculation circuit (20) whereby recirculated water is pumped from an outlet (18a) of the evaporation/condensation vessel (11A) to an inlet (18B) of the evaporation/condensation vessel (11A), wherein the recirculation circuit (20) comprises a fluidized bed crystallizer (22), and at least part of the recirculated brine is passed through the fluidized bed crystallizer (22) to remove dissolved minerals therefrom.

Abstract: Various implementations of a system that addresses the need for clean drinking water, improved solid fuel combustion and convection of the heat resulting from the combustion, exhausting of gases and air-borne particulates resulting from combustion, and provides electricity for lighting and charging of battery-operated devices are described herein. The system may include at least one solar panel, a battery, a fan assisted exhaust hood, a fan assisted cooking device, and a water purification device. Such a device could not only save millions of lives, but the quality of life for millions of people living in impoverished areas or refugee camps could be improved dramatically.

Abstract: The present invention includes a composition, method of making and method of using a composite for the removal of waste from a wastewater or a waste stream wherein the composite comprises of graphene oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles at a ratio of 10:1 to 1:10 weight to weight.

Abstract: A solution for treating a fluid, such as water, is provided. An ultraviolet transparency of a fluid can be determined before or as the fluid enters a disinfection chamber. In the disinfection chamber, the fluid can be irradiated by ultraviolet radiation to harm microorganisms that may be present in the fluid. One or more attributes of the disinfection chamber, fluid flow, and/or ultraviolet radiation can be adjusted based on the transparency to provide more efficient irradiation and/or higher disinfection rates. In addition, various attributes of the disinfection chamber, such as the position of the inlet(s) and outlet(s), the shape of the disinfection chamber, and other attributes of the disinfection chamber can be utilized to create a turbulent flow of the fluid within the disinfection chamber to promote mixing and improve uniform ultraviolet exposure.

Abstract: A fluid processing apparatus includes: a casing having a fluid inlet pipe and a fluid outlet pipe; multiple rectifying plates with holes in parallel with each other provided within the casing on a side of the fluid inlet pipe, the rectifying plates being perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the casing; and a light source for irradiating fluid passing from the fluid inlet pipe through the casing to the fluid outlet pipe with ultraviolet rays.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water softener that includes a water softener valve and an ion exchange tank. The water softener valve includes a valve body and valve core assembly. The valve body includes a valve chamber, and a water inlet passage and a water outlet passage in communication with the valve chamber. The valve chamber, the water inlet passage, and the water outlet passage all extend in a first orientation, and the water inlet passage and the water outlet passage are both located at a periphery of the valve chamber and are disposed on opposite sides of the valve chamber in a second orientation. The water inlet passage and the water outlet passage respectively define a water inlet and a water outlet at a same end of the valve body along the first orientation. The second orientation and the first orientation are perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating an aqueous liquid comprising oil droplets and a surfactant and/or a base. For this method, a pore size threshold of a filter is determined taking into account the interfacial tension between the oil droplets and the water, and a filter is selected whose pore size is less than or equal to this threshold for filtration of the aqueous liquid.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for the remediation of wastewater by electrocoagulation. The system and method are directed to the precipitation of ammonia resulting in the formation of struvite. According to another embodiment, the method also results in precipitation of nitrogen compounds including nitrates, nitrites, and urea.

Abstract: An electrochemical water treatment apparatus includes a treatment chamber formed by at least one wall and having an opening formed along the side for substantially the length of the treatment chamber, with a mounting plate applied to the opening. A set of cathodes and anodes are mounted to the mounting plate and positioned inside the chamber, each of the anodes having at least one cathode positioned on each of the two sides of the respective anode. At least two anode bus bars and two cathode bus bars are provided, each bus bar connectable to the power supply and connected to the respective electrodes near a respective end of the electrodes. An inlet adapter has a smaller cross sectional area at the first end connected to the treatment chamber inlet end, and a larger cross sectional area at the opposite end connected to the source of water to be treated.

Abstract: A system for separating the components of an incoming oil-water mixture includes two electrode sets, one set arranged to apply an electrostatic field to an oil layer residing within a separator vessel and the other set arranged to apply an electrostatic field to the interface emulsion layer residing within the separator vessel. The first set of electrodes is in communication with a high voltage power source that ranges from 1 to 60 kV; the second set of electrodes is in communication with a low voltage power source that is no greater than 5 kV. Each set of electrodes may also be in communication with a second voltage source to provide increased power to promote effective coalescence. The system may also include power electronics to produce a variable amplitude and a variable frequency voltage supply to one or both electrode sets.

Abstract: To efficiently perform an adhesion reduction treatment of water that circulates through a wet paint booth which contains a solvent-based paint by adding a relatively small amount of chemical to the water without the need for another chemical except that the alkaline chemical is used for pH adjustment, that is, with only one chemical. An aluminum salt having a basicity of 60% or more and an alkaline chemical are added to water that circulates through a wet paint booth which contains a solvent-based paint. An adhesion reduction treatment of the solvent-based paint is performed at a pH of 7 or more and is preferably performed at a pH of 7.5 or more. Using a powder mixture produced by mixing a powder of the aluminum salt with a powder of the alkaline chemical facilitates the treatment.

Abstract: A method and system treat contaminated water. In one embodiment, the method comprises treating contaminated water by introducing a methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution to a vessel. The vessel contains the contaminated water and iron oxide. The contaminated water comprises contaminants. In addition, the methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution comprises methylmorpholine-N-oxide and water. The method further comprises contacting the methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution with the contaminated water. In addition, the method comprises treating the contaminated water by allowing the methylmorpholine-N-oxide to react with the contaminants in the presence of the iron oxide.

Abstract: Internally activated energy distribution guides for use in clear to turbid liquids or air have been developed. An external energy source is transferred to a matrix or single fiber of a side emitting fiber or guide to internally activate a promoter or catalyst on the exterior of the fiber or guide to thereby dissociate target molecules passing by or along the fiber's or guide's surface by a Precise Energy Separation (“PES”) method. A number of different designs can be used, for example, in a mesh, louver system, or box. The method maximizes the interaction between the target molecules and the surface of the side emitting—internally activated distribution network. In a preferred embodiment, u-shaped fiber optics containing catalyst are positioned within tube through which the turbid liquid or air is passed, so that maximum cleavage of targeted bonds is obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices suitable for performing chemical and/or biological reactions. Also disclosed are methods of simultaneously performing at least two chemical and/or biological reactions under different conditions in a single reaction chamber.

Abstract: Provided is an aquifer storage and recovery system, in which microbes extracted from an underground aquifer are involved in an assimilable organic carbon (AOC) removal mechanism and applied to an aerobic reactor, and a predetermined portion of assimilable organic carbon in raw water is removed through the aerobic reactor.

Abstract: Geo-biological processes are designed to treat wastewater generated in animal feed lots when washing away feces, urine and other materials or in municipal wastewater systems. The present processes are focused on recovering a nutrient load in the wastewater for use as fertilizer and corresponding to separate mostly purified water for reuse. Alternate embodiments are algae and microbe based processes. The processes can be used individually or in various permutations.

Abstract: A system for descaling apparatus is described. The system provides for: a water inlet feedstream; a reverse osmosis system in fluid communication with the water inlet feedstream, in which the reverse osmosis system produces a water permeate output feedstream; and a pressurised carbon dioxide feedstream. The pressurised carbon dioxide feedstream and water permeate output feedstream are arranged in use to combine to produce a pressurised carbonic acid input feedstream.

Abstract: This specification describes a process and apparatus for treating water comprising selenium. A process is described having the steps of treating the wastewater influent using a biological reduction process to produce an intermediary stream and reducing the concentration of unconsumed constituents in the intermediary stream by means of filtration optionally with upstream coagulation or flocculation. When compared to the wastewater influent, the intermediary stream preferably has reduced concentration of the selenium species when compared to the wastewater influent. When compared to the intermediary stream, the effluent preferably has reduced concentration of one or more of the inorganic non-metallic constituents (such as nitrogen, phosphorous and sulphur), metallic constituents or organic constituents. An apparatus is described herein having a fixed film reactor configured to receive a wastewater influent, and a membrane filter configured to receive effluent from the fixed film reactor.

Abstract: A dewatering system for removing solids from an influent includes a filtration assembly and a feed pipe upstream thereof. The dewatering system includes a solids receptacle downstream of the filtration assembly, and an effluent collector adjacent to the filtration assembly and in fluid communication with the filtration assembly. The dewatering system includes a sensor to sense a characteristic of an influent, an effluent and/or a solid. A control system is operatively connected to the sensor to receive a sensor signal therefrom and to generate an adjustment signal based on the sensor signal to improve the efficiency of the dewatering system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of fabricating a glass container, the method comprising a forming step of forming molten glass in order to obtain a semi-finished container (4) comprising a shell (5) presenting inside and outside faces (7, 8), a cooling step during which the semi-finished container is in a transient state in which the glass forming the outside face is sufficiently viscous for it not to deform under the effect of gravity, while the glass forming the inside face is sufficiently fluid to allow the inside face to deform under the effect of gravity, the method including a shaping operation while the semi-finished container is in the transient state, in which operation the semi-finished container is maintained for a predetermined time in a position that is inclined relative to its upright vertical position in order to modify the shape of the inside face under the effect of gravity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatuses for producing a glass ribbon, the apparatuses comprising a forming body comprising an upper trough-shaped portion comprising two trough walls and a trough bottom; a lower wedge-shaped portion; a delivery end comprising a first recess; and a compression end comprising a second recess; and first and second supports coupled to the first and second recesses, wherein at least a portion of the first or second support surfaces are non-planar and in continuous contact with at least a portion of the respective first or second recess surfaces. Also disclosed herein are methods for producing a glass ribbon using such apparatuses.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for micro-grinding tip-accurately induced brittle fracture forming of a curved mirror surface. The method includes the steps of: grinding a surface of an optical glass material by means of a V-shaped tip of a diamond grinding wheel to form a V-shaped microgroove having a groove micro-tip; setting two supporting points with a distance of L therebetween on one side of the optical glass material where the microgroove is machined, providing a loading pressing head having a horizontal deviation distance of l between a loading point and the groove micro-tip on the other side of the optical glass material, and allowing the loading pressing head to perpendicularly apply a loading force F onto the optical glass material with a loading speed of v, and forming a penetrated smooth curved mirror surface within 0.3 millisecond via the loading point of the loading force F and under induction of the groove micro-tip.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical fiber of the invention includes: preparing a direction changer; drawing a bare optical fiber from an optical fiber preform, thereby forming the bare optical fiber; providing a coated layer made of a resin on a periphery of the bare optical fiber; obtaining an optical fiber by curing the coated layer; changing a direction of the bare optical fiber by use of the direction changer; measuring a drawing velocity of the optical fiber; and adjusting a length of the bare optical fiber from a drawing unit to a coating unit by controlling a position of the direction changer based on a measurement value of the drawing velocity, the drawing unit forming the bare optical fiber, the coating unit providing the coated layer on the periphery of the bare optical fiber.

Abstract: Ion exchangeable glasses containing SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, MgO, B2O3, and P2O5 are provided. The compressive stresses of these ion exchanged glasses are greater than 900 megapascals (MPa) at a depth of 45 or 50 microns (?m) with some glasses exhibiting a compressive stress of at least 1 gigaPascals (GPa). The ion exchange rates of these glasses are much faster than those of other alkali aluminosilicate glasses and the ion exchanged glass is resistant damage to impact damage. A method of ion exchanging the glass is also provided.

Abstract: A glass for sealing of the present invention includes as a glass composition, in terms of mol %, 60% to 80% of SiO2, 8% to 5.8% of B2O3, 12% to 18.7% or Li2O+Na2O+K2O, and 2% to 12% of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO, and has a molar ratio SiO2/B2O3 of 14 or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass, in particular a glass for joining glass panes in order to produce vacuum insulated glasses at processing temperatures of ?450° C., to the corresponding composite glass, and to the corresponding glass paste. The present invention further relates to a vacuum insulated glass produced by means of the glass paste according to the invention, to the production process thereof, and to the use of the glass according to the invention or of the composite glass and of the glass paste.

Abstract: A material includes a transparent substrate coated with a stack of thin layers successively including, starting from the substrate, an alternation of three silver-based functional metal layers of increasing thickness and of four dielectric coatings denoted, starting from the substrate, M1, M2, M3 and M4, wherein each dielectric coating includes at least one high-index dielectric layer, the refractive index of which is at least 2.15 and the optical thickness of which is greater than 20 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method to produce a medical form body of lithium silicate glass ceramic. To increase its strength it is proposed that a surface compressive stress is created in a form body of lithium silicate glass, or containing lithium silicate glass, through the replacement of lithium ions by alkali metal ions of greater diameter. For this purpose the form body is covered with a paste that contains alkali metal.

Abstract: In various aspects, the processes disclosed herein may include the steps of inducing an electric field about a non-conductive substrate, and depositing functionalized nanoparticles upon the non-conductive substrate by contacting a nanoparticle dispersion with the non-conductive substrate, the nanoparticle dispersion comprising functionalized nanoparticles having an electrical charge, the electric field drawing the functionalized nanoparticles to the non-conductive substrate. In various aspects, the related composition of matter disclosed herein comprise functionalized nanoparticles bonded to a surface of a non-conductive fiber, the surface of the non-conductive fiber comprising a sizing adhered to the surface of the non-conductive fiber. This Abstract is presented to meet requirements of 37 C.F.R. § 1.72(b) only. This Abstract is not intended to identify key elements of the processes, and related apparatus and compositions of matter disclosed herein or to delineate the scope thereof.

Abstract: The invention comprises a composition comprising a natural pozzolan selected from hyaloclastite, sideromelane or tachylite, wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to 40 ?m. The invention also comprises a cementitious material comprising a hydraulic cement and a natural pozzolan selected from hyaloclastite, sideromelane, tachylite or combination or mixtures thereof, wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 40 ?m. The invention further comprises a cementitious-based material comprising aggregate, a cementitious material comprising a hydraulic cement and a natural pozzolan selected from hyaloclastite, sideromelane, tachylite or combination or mixtures thereof, wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 40 ?m and water sufficient to hydrate the cementitious material.

Abstract: A copolymer as dispersant in a binder composition comprising an alkaline activating agent, wherein the activating agent is especially suitable for activation of a latently hydraulic and/or pozzolanic binder, wherein the copolymer has a polymer backbone and side chains bonded thereto and comprises at least one ionizable monomer unit M1 and at least one side chain-bearing monomer unit M2, and wherein the copolymer has a gradient structure in at least one section A in a direction along the polymer backbone with regard to the ionizable monomer unit M1 and/or with regard to the side chain-bearing monomer unit M2.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for preparing decorative concrete top ping which overcomes the limitations associated with epoxy Terrazzo floors. Specifically, the decorative concrete topping mixture described herein has a low crack potential, high strength and durability, much longer working time, thereby allowing for the material to be mixed in larger quantities and simplifying application. A binder composition made of Portland cement and pozzolanic materials is mixed with an decorative aggregate and other additives before pumping the concrete topping mixture onto a subfloor and allowing the concrete topping mixture to cure.

Abstract: A method including infiltrating a porous fiber preform with a slurry including a carrier fluid and a first plurality of solid particles wherein the first plurality of solid particles includes at least a first ceramic material, drying the slurry to form a greenbody preform, machining the greenbody preform to a target dimension, depositing a protective layer precursor including a second plurality of solid particles on the machined greenbody preform wherein the second plurality of solid particles includes at least a second ceramic material, and infiltrating the machined greenbody preform with a molten infiltrant to form a composite article including an integral protective layer.

Abstract: A porous ceramic structure includes one sheet, and a plurality of porous ceramic particles bonded on the sheet. A gap d formed between adjacent ones of the porous ceramic particles is 10˜80 ?m.

Abstract: A method for inoculating a plant with a nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, said method comprising administering the nitrogen-fixing bacteria to a wound of a growing plant, for example to recently cut grass. Inoculation in this manner leads to enhanced growth characteristics including increased greenness of grass. Novel compositions suitable for use in the method are also described and claimed, together with kits for producing these.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to processes and systems for producing liquid transportation fuels by converting a feed stream that comprises both isopentane and n-pentane, and optionally, some C6+ hydrocarbons. Isopentane and smaller hydrocarbons are separated to form a first fraction while n-pentane and larger components of the feed stock form a second fraction. Each fraction is then catalytically-activated in a separate reaction zone with a separate catalyst, where the conditions maintained in each zone maximize the conversion of each fraction to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. In certain embodiments, the first fraction is activated at a lower temperature than the second fraction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to zeolite adsorbents based on agglomerated zeolite X crystals comprising barium, potassium and sodium. These adsorbents find applications in the separation of aromatic C8 isomer fractions and especially xylene.

Abstract: A method and catalyst for forming higher alcohols from lower alcohol feedstocks. In one application a highly selective and stable copper pseudo-single-atom supported on MgO—Al2O3 catalyst is provided which provides ethanol condensation to higher alcohols at ˜50% yields and ˜85% selectivity is demonstrated with stable catalyst lifetime over 500 hours in a continuous flow system. In some applications a Guerbet condensation process is further utilized to yield a higher alcohol at a selectivity of near ˜90%.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a Guerbet alcohol without necessity of the use of a solvent, capable of enhancing the conversion and the yield. A method for producing a Guerbet alcohol, including the following steps 1 to 3 in this order: step 1: preparing a liquid composition containing an aliphatic alcohol and a base; step 2: holding the liquid composition at 100° C. or more and 180° C. or less to thereby adjust a water amount in the liquid composition to less than 0.28% by mass; and step 3: setting the liquid composition to be more than 180° C.

Abstract: A process for purifying a crude composition includes a monoterpene compound selected from the group consisting of monocyclic monoterpene alcohols, monocyclic monoterpene ketones, bicyclic epoxy monoterpenes and mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds, such as preferably a monocyclic monoterpene alcohol. The process comprises performing a layer crystallization with a melt of the crude composition, and the melt of the crude composition subjected to the layer crystallization includes oxygen-containing solvent in a concentration of 20 ppm to 2% by weight. The oxygen-containing solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, C1-6-alcohols, C1-6-carboxylic acids, C1-6-ketones, C1-6-aldehydes, C1-12-ethers, C1-12-esters and mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned solvents.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a sulfonated phenol for use as a cumene hydroperoxide decomposition catalyst can comprise: combining phenol and a sulfonating agent at a first temperature that is 1° C. to 15° C. higher than a melting temperature of the phenol, to form a reaction mixture at the first temperature; reducing the first temperature of the reaction mixture to a second temperature that is 10 to 40° C. lower than the first temperature; and forming the sulfonated phenol at the second temperature.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a method for synthesizing 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxymethyl benzyl alcohol from 1,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene, belongings to the technical field of organic synthesis. 1,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene reacts in mixed solution consisting of sulfuric acid aqueous solution and organic carboxylic acid, the obtained mixture is subjected to ester group hydrolysis reaction in the presence of an inorganic base and then to hydroxyl methylation reaction, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxymethyl benzyl alcohol is finally obtained via separation and purification, and 1,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene is recovered. The disclosure not only realizes the resource utilization of low-value 1,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene, and meanwhile has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple operation, high synthesis yield, good product quality and the like. The disclosure has high social and economic values.

Abstract: A method for processing lignin may comprise flowing a lignin composition comprising a lignin polymer and a solvent through a reaction chamber of a continuous flow reactor, the lignin polymer comprising hydroxycinnamic groups bound to a polymeric backbone; flowing ozone through the reaction chamber containing the lignin composition under conditions to maximize oxidative cleavage of the hydroxycinnamic groups to produce one or more types of aromatic monomers while minimizing oxidative cleavage of the polymeric backbone; and collecting the one or more types of aromatic monomers, e.g., by a size-selective membrane separation device.