Abstract: Aluminum can be used as a fuel source when reacted with water if its native surrounding oxide coating is penetrated with a gallium-based eutectic. When discrete aluminum objects are treated in a heated bath of eutectic, the eutectic penetrates the oxide coating. After the aluminum objects are treated, the aluminum objects can be reacted in a reactor to produce hydrogen which can, for example, react with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electricity, for use in a variety of applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a metal sheet. In this method, at least one of the following equations is satisfied: Z d + 18 ? ? ln ? ( Z d ) < 8 ? ? ln ? ( P V ) - 27.52 ( A ) f ? ? O 2 < 2.304 · 10 - 3 ( 27.52 + Z d + 8 ? ? ln ? ( V P ? ( Z d ) 2.25 ) ) 2 ( B ) wherein: Z is the distance between the metal sheet and the nozzle along the main ejection direction (E), Z being expressed in mm, d is the average height of the outlet of the nozzle along with the running direction of the metal sheet in front of the nozzle, d being expressed in mm, V is the running speed of the metal sheet in front of the nozzle, V being expressed in m·s?1, P is the pressure of the wiping gas in the nozzle, P being expressed in N·m?2, and fO2 is the volume fraction of oxygen in the wiping gas. A metal sheet, part and land motor vehicle are also provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a coating of an Al—Zn—Si—Mg alloy on a steel strip to form an Al—Zn—Mg—Si coated steel strip is disclosed. The method includes the steps of dipping steel strip into a bath of molten Al—Zn—Si—Mg alloy and forming a coating of the alloy on exposed surfaces of the steel strip and cooling the coated strip with cooling water. The cooling step includes controlling the pH of cooling water to be in a range of p H 5-9. Particular embodiments focus on Al—Zn—Si—Mg alloys that contain the following elements in % by weight: Zn: 30 to 60, Si: 0.3 to 3, Mg: 0.3 to 10, and Balance Al and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: By first fluxing a steel long product with novel specific flux compositions, it is possible to continuously produce, more uniform, smoother and void-free galvanized coatings on such steel long products in a single hot dip galvanization step making use of zinc-aluminum alloys or zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloys with less than 95 wt. % zinc. This is achieved by providing specific amounts of lead chloride and tin chloride in a flux composition comprising (a) more than 40 and less than 70 weight % zinc chloride, (b) from 10 to 30 weight % ammonium chloride, (c) more than 6 and less than 30 weight % of a set of at least two alkali or alkaline earth metal chlorides.

Abstract: A ceramic coating process comprises introducing a suspension including a fine ceramic particulate suspended in a liquid carrier into a plasma torch. The method includes melting the fine ceramic particulate in the plasma torch; propelling the fine ceramic particulate toward a substrate; and forming a coating on the substrate, the coating comprises splats of the fine ceramic particulate.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an anti-aging periodic variable reaction black chromium coating film, sequentially comprising: an aluminum alloy matrix, a silane conversion film, a high-gloss organic resin coating, a metal compound and metal element periodic variable content alloy coating film, and a transparent resin coating. The disclosure simultaneously provides a method for forming the anti-aging periodic variable reaction black chromium coating film.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a graded barrier film comprising a layered structure, wherein the layered structure comprises a first layer consisting of metal oxide; an intermediate layer consisting of metal nitride or metal oxynitride which is arranged on the first layer; and a third layer consisting of a metal oxide which is arranged on the intermediate layer. The present invention further refers to a sputtering method for manufacturing this graded barrier film and a device encapsulated with this graded barrier film.

Abstract: In a multi-mask alignment system and method, a carrier frame is provided having a number of apertures therethrough. A number of shadow mask-frame combinations are also provided. Each shadow mask-frame combination includes a first set of alignment features and each shadow mask-frame combination is positioned on a first side of the carrier with the frame supporting the shadow mask in alignment with one of the apertures. A single alignment stage is provided and a control system including a programmed controller is also provided. Under the control of the controller, the single alignment stage translates to each shadow mask-frame combination, one-at-a time, and adjusts the position of the shadow mask-frame combination based on positions of the first set of alignment features determined by the controller.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, a process includes transporting of a foil structure in a coating region in a vacuum chamber, wherein the foil structure has a thickness of less than 40 ?m; and coating the foil structure by physical vapor deposition, which includes forming a gaseous coating material in the coating region; wherein the gaseous coating material includes carbon, such that a protective layer is formed that includes a carbon microstructure covering more than about 50% of the foil structure and having a fraction of pores or voids less than about 50%.

Abstract: A coated article includes a silver (Ag) based infrared (IR) reflecting layer(s) on a glass substrate that is provided adjacent to and contacting at least one metallic or substantially metallic zinc (Zn) inclusive barrier layer in order to improve chemical durability characteristics of the low-E coating. In certain example embodiments, the silver based layer may be sandwiched between first and second metallic or substantially metallic barrier layers of or including zinc. The IR reflecting layer(s) and zinc based barrier layer(s) are part of a low emissivity (low-E) coating.

Abstract: Implantable medical grafts fabricated of metallic or pseudometallic films of biocompatible materials having a plurality of microperforations passing through the film in a pattern that imparts fabric-like qualities to the graft or permits the geometric deformation of the graft. The implantable graft is preferably fabricated by vacuum deposition of metallic and/or pseudometallic materials into either single or multi-layered structures with the plurality of microperforations either being formed during deposition or after deposition by selective removal of sections of the deposited film. The implantable medical grafts are suitable for use as endoluminal or surgical grafts and may be used as vascular grafts, stent-grafts, skin grafts, shunts, bone grafts, surgical patches, non-vascular conduits, valvular leaflets, filters, occlusion membranes, artificial sphincters, tendons and ligaments.

Abstract: To protect a superalloy substrate from oxidation and hot corrosion, disclosed herein is coating made by a process that deposits successive layers on the substrate, a first layer of aluminium and of at least one element capable of being alloyed with sulphur, and a second layer of a material that isolates the at least one element capable of being alloyed with sulphur.

Abstract: The cutting plate 12 includes a base body 22 made of a sintered hard metal. On a top side 23 of the base body 22 there are one or multiple intermediate layers 25 that include an adhesion-promoting layer 26. The adhesion-promoting layer 26 is made of a boron-containing nitride of a transition metal of group IV, group V, and group VI, and contains a plurality of small plates 31 oriented at an angle relative to the top side 23. A diamond layer that is grown on the adhesion-promoting layer 26 includes stalk-shaped crystals, oriented vertically relative to the top side 23, having an aspect ratio greater than three.

Abstract: In this diamond-coated cemented carbide cutting tool, (1) an average particle size of WC particles is 0.5 to 0.9 ?m, (2) (Rz) being 0.5 to 1.0 ?m, a maximum distance between the concave and convex (?) is 0.5 to 1.5 ?m, a length (Ye) is 0.5 to 2.0 ?m, (3) a sum of areas of WC particles, which satisfies (L1) being 0.4 to 0.8 ?m, (L2) being 0.2 to 0.4 ?m, and (L1)/(L2) being 1.5 to 2.5, is 70 area % or more, (4) an average grain size of diamond crystals in a region of 0.5 to 1.5 ?m from the body interface is 0.1 to 0.3 ?m, and (5) columnar crystals satisfying at least one of: a ratio of crystals, which has a growth direction shifted in 10 degrees or less from the diamond film thickness direction, being 90% or more; or an orientation ratio of <110> being 30 to 70%.

Abstract: A method of forming a moisture-tolerant coating on a silicon carbide fiber includes exposing a silicon carbide fiber to a gaseous N precursor comprising nitrogen at an elevated temperature, thereby introducing nitrogen into a surface region of the silicon carbide fiber, and exposing the silicon carbide fiber to a gaseous B precursor comprising boron at an elevated temperature, thereby introducing boron into the surface region of the silicon carbide fiber. Silicon-doped boron nitride is formed at the surface region of the silicon carbide fiber without exposing the silicon carbide fiber to a gaseous Si precursor comprising Si. Thus, a moisture-tolerant coating comprising the silicon-doped boron nitride is grown in-situ on the silicon carbide fiber.

Abstract: A torch for fabricating optical fiber preforms may include a body having a surface and two or more slit-shaped orifices oriented parallel or substantially parallel to each other along the surface. The torch body may further include two or more conduits connected to corresponding orifices. The torch may be used by orienting it relative to a preform substrate, and simultaneously emitting two or more gases from corresponding orifices toward the surface of the preform substrate, such that the gases are involved in a reaction to form a soot.

Abstract: Described herein are articles, systems and methods where a plasma resistant coating is deposited onto a surface of a porous chamber component and onto pore walls within the porous chamber component using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. The porous chamber component may include a porous body comprising a plurality of pores within the porous body, the plurality of pores each comprising pore walls. The porous body is permeable to a gas. The plasma resistant coating may comprise a solid solution of Y2O3—ZrO2 and may have a thickness of about 5 nm to about 3 ?m, and may protect the pore walls from erosion. The porous body with the plasma resistant coating remains permeable to the gas.

Abstract: Showerheads for independently delivering different, mutually-reactive process gases to a wafer processing space are provided. The showerheads include a first gas distributor that has multiple plenum structures that are separated from one another by a gap, as well as a second gas distributor positioned above the first gas distributor. Isolation gas from the second gas distributor may be flowed down onto the first gas distributor and through the gaps in between the plenum structures of the first gas distributor, thereby establishing an isolation gas curtain that prevents the process gases released from each plenum structure from parasitically depositing on the plenum structures that provide other gases.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a showerhead assembly for use in a processing chamber. The showerhead assembly includes a porous insert disposed in a space defined between a gas distribution plate and a base plate to moderate the corrosive radicals resulting from plasma ignition to reduce particle issues and metal contamination in the chamber. The porous insert is a conductive material, such as metal, used to reduce the gap electrical field strength, or may be a dielectric material such as ceramic, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide-imide, or other materials with a low dielectric loss and high electrical field strength under conditions of high frequency and strong electric fields. As such, the electrical breakdown threshold is enhanced. The porous insert may reduce and/or eliminate showerhead backside plasma ignition and may include multiple concentric narrow rings that cover gas holes of the gas distribution plate.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for forming a Group 13 metal or metalloid nitride film. In one aspect, there is provided a method of forming an aluminum nitride film comprising the steps of: providing a substrate in a reactor; introducing into the reactor an at least one aluminum precursor which reacts on at least a portion of the surface of the substrate to provide a chemisorbed layer; purging the reactor with a purge gas; introducing a plasma comprising non-hydrogen containing nitrogen plasma into the reactor to react with at least a portion of the chemisorbed layer and provide at least one reactive site wherein the plasma is generated at a power density ranging from about 0.01 to about 1.5 W/cm2; and optionally purge the reactor with an inert gas; and wherein the steps are repeated until a desired thickness of the aluminum nitride film is obtained.

Abstract: A method for producing a laminated member includes a step of spraying a mixture in a non-molten state including a plurality of precipitation hardening copper alloy particles and a plurality of hard particles that have non-spherical shapes having a median aspect ratio of equal to or more than 1.2 and are harder than the copper alloy particles onto a base substrate to form a coating layer on the base substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a coated cutting tool having a substrate and a coating, wherein the coating includes at least one layer of ?-Al2O3 with a thickness of 1-20 ?m deposited by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). A ?-scan from ?80° to 80° over the (0 0 6) reflection of the ?-Al2O3 layer shows the strongest peak centered around 0° and the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the peak is <25°.

Abstract: In a method for cathodically protecting and/or passivating a metal section in an ionically conductive material such as steel reinforcement in concrete or mortar, an impressed current or sacrificial anode communicates ionic current to the metal section and a storage component of electrical energy which can be a cell, battery or capacitor is provided as a component of the anode. The storage component can have replacement energy introduced by re-charging or replacing the component from an outside supply. Typically the cell or storage capacitor has an outer case which carries an anode material as an integral outer component. A mechanical clamp is provided to attach the assembly to a rebar. A current limiter is provided which prevents excess current draining the supply.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatuses are disclosed for treating aluminum desmutting solutions by reacting, mixing and filtering an aluminum desmutting solution flow from an aluminum desmutting solution tank and controlling the amount of copper ions in an aluminum desmutting solution tank by directing a portion of the desmutting solution from a desmutting solution tank to a treatment line, reacting a portion of the desmutting solution in the treatment line and recirculating a filtered aluminum desmutting solution to the aluminum desmutting solution tank during active desmutting operation of the aluminum desmutting solution tank.

Abstract: A differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus includes a seal member, which is sandwiched between a cathode side separator and a membrane electrode assembly, and surrounds a cathode electrode catalyst layer, and a pressure resistant member surrounding the seal member from an outer side thereof. A surface pressure applying member is interposed between the seal member and the pressure resistant member. The surface pressure applying member receives a pressing force from the seal member, and applies pressure to the membrane electrode assembly.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of activating an enzyme, such as error prone or template independent polymerase, using electricity to alter pH of a reaction zone and reaction site from an inactivating pH at which the enzyme is inactive to an activating pH at which the enzyme is active to add a nucleotide to an initiator or growing polymer chain. The activating pH can then be changed back to an inactivating pH and the process repeated as many times as desired to produce a target nucleic acid sequence.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell electrode having a surface portion and a bulk portion composed of the same material, wherein at least one of the bulk portion and the surface portion of the electrode is doped with at least one dopant, and wherein said doping is non-uniform along an axis perpendicular to the surface portion. The non-uniform doping can include different concentrations and/or types of the dopants in the bulk portion and in the surface portion of the electrode. There is further provided a PEC cell comprising said electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the surface portion of the electrode faces the electrolyte.

Abstract: Various examples are provided for vertically aligned ultra-high density nanowires and their transfer onto flexible substrates. In one example, a method includes forming a plurality of vertically aligned nanowires inside channels of an anodized alumina (AAO) template on an aluminum substrate, where individual nanowires of the plurality of vertically aligned nanowires extend to a distal end from a proximal end adjacent to the aluminum substrate; removing the aluminum substrate and a portion of the AAO template to expose a surface of the AAO template and a portion of the proximal end of the individual nanowires; depositing an interlayer on the exposed surface of the AAO template and the exposed portion of the individual nanowires; and removing the AAO template from around the plurality of vertically aligned nanowires embedded in the interlayer.

Abstract: In one aspect, an apparatus includes a plating cell, a degassing device configured to remove oxygen from the plating solution prior to the plating solution flowing into the plating cell; an oxidation station configured to increase an oxidizing strength of the plating solution after the plating solution flows out of the plating cell; and a controller. The controller includes program instructions for causing a process that includes operations of: reducing an oxygen concentration of the plating solution where the plating solution contains a plating accelerator; then, contacting a wafer substrate with the plating solution having reduced oxygen concentration and electroplating a metal such that the electroplating causes a net conversion of the accelerator to a less-oxidized accelerator species within the plating cell; then increasing the oxidizing strength of the plating solution causing a net re-conversion of the less-oxidized accelerator species back to the accelerator outside the plating cell.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a package substrate fabrication method including: providing a carrier; forming a first dielectric layer on the carrier while enabling the first dielectric layer to be patterned including an opening; forming a first conducting unit on the carrier while enabling the first conducting unit to fill up the opening, a height of the first conducting unit at the opening larger than a thickness of the first dielectric layer, and a width of the first conducting unit larger than a width of the opening; forming a second dielectric layer on the first conducting unit; forming a second conducting unit on the second dielectric layer; forming a third dielectric layer on the second conducting unit; removing the carrier and the first dielectric layer while enabling the part of the first conducting unit in the opening to be removed; and forming a fourth dielectric layer to cover the first conducting unit.

Abstract: A printed wiring board includes a core laminate including insulating layers and conductor layers, a first build-up layer formed on first surface of the laminate and including first interlayer resin and conductor layers, and a second build-up layer formed on second surface of the core laminate on the opposite side and including second interlayer resin and conductor layers. The conductor layers in the laminate include first and second conductor layers such that the first conductor layer is embedded in one of the insulating layers forming the first surface of the laminate and has an exposed surface exposed from the insulating layer and that the second conductor layer is formed on one of the insulating layers forming the second surface of the laminate, and the first interlayer resin layer has thickness greater than thickness of the second interlayer resin layer.

Abstract: A method and system for manufacturing an optical article is provided. The method may comprise providing at least one ophthalmic lens substrate having a surface; applying at least one conductive coating on at least a portion the ophthalmic lens substrate; and electroplating the ophthalmic lens substrate to form a plating layer that is in a contacting relationship with the conductive coating of the optical article. Other layers may also be applied.

Abstract: Dissymmetric particles also called Janus particles of micron or submicron size and methods of synthesis of Janus particles by bipolar electrochemistry, based on substrates of isotropic or anisotropic shape. The particles include an electrically conductive substrate having at least a chemically and/or physically modified part by deposit of a layer of electrochemically depositable material, and a non-modified part. The particles are of isotropic shape, and the layer of electrochemically depositable material has a specific shape delimited by a precise contour.

Abstract: A method for producing metal oxide nanocrystals, according to the embodiment of the present invention, includes: continuously flowing, into a continuous flow path, one or a plurality of nanocrystal precursor solutions each comprising one or more nanocrystal precursors dissolved in a non-polar solvent; directing a segmenting gas into the continuous flow path to create a segmented reaction flow; flowing the segmented reaction flow into a thermal processor; heating the segmented reaction flow in the thermal processor to create a product flow; and collecting metal oxide nanocrystals from the product flow.

Abstract: A method for producing a silicon ingot includes withdrawing a seed crystal from a melt that includes melted silicon in a crucible that is enclosed in a vacuum chamber containing a cusped magnetic field. At least one process parameter is regulated in at least two stages, including a first stage corresponding to formation of the silicon ingot up to an intermediate ingot length, and a second stage corresponding to formation of the silicon ingot from the intermediate ingot length to the total ingot length. During the second stage process parameter regulation may include reducing a crystal rotation rate, reducing a crucible rotation rate, and/or increasing a magnetic field strength relative to the first stage.

Abstract: A film forming apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a film forming chamber configured to house therein a substrate to perform film forming processing; a gas supplier located in an upper part of the film forming chamber and configured to supply a process gas onto the substrate; and a heater configured to heat the substrate, wherein the film forming chamber has a temperature-increase suppression region being a lower part of the gas supplier and suppressing a temperature increase of the gas supplied to an upper part of the heater.

Abstract: Encrypted markers that are not readily detectable can be revealed by treatment with a specific reagent used as a developer to reveal a readily detectable physical property of the marker, such as a characteristic fluorescence emission after excitation with a particular excitation wavelength, or to reveal a visible color. The encrypted marker can be developed in situ, or a sample can be removed by brushing, scraping, swabbing or scratching the marked object or item and developing the encrypted marker or a sample thereof with the appropriate developer to reveal an overt marker or optical signal. The encrypted marker may include a DNA taggant.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a nozzle head includes a main body having a space in an interior of the main body, the space being capable of storing a source material liquid, a first nozzle provided at the main body, the first nozzle ejecting the source material liquid stored in the main body, and a second nozzle provided at the main body, the second nozzle supplying a cleaning liquid to a vicinity of an outlet of the first nozzle.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuous needless electrospinning of a liquid polymer source into a nanoscale or submicron scale polymer fiber web includes an electrospinning enclosure, a wire drive system located external to the electrospinning enclosure and a plurality of continuous electrode wires. The electrospinning enclosure includes and electrospinning zone and one or more liquid polymer coating devices where liquid polymer is coated onto the plurality of continuous electrode wires. The plurality of continuous electrode wires are parallel to each other, engaged with the wire drive system, and extend through the electrospinning enclosure and the one or more liquid polymer coating devices located therein. High voltage is applied to the plurality of continuous electrode wires in the electrospinning zone to form nanoscale or submicron scale polymer fibers from the liquid polymer coated on the electrode wires.

Abstract: A process for preparing a PANOX fiber comprising: obtaining an acrylonitrile copolymer, wherein the copolymer contains at least about 2% by weight itaconic acid comonomer; forming a spin dope from the copolymer; wet spinning the spin dope to obtain gelled filaments; contacting the gelled filaments with ammonia activator in an aqueous imbibation bath; bundling the gelled filaments to obtain a fiber; removing solvent from the fiber; drawing the fiber; densifying the fiber by heating the fiber up to about 400 degrees C. for a time of about 15 minutes in a rapid densification zone; and withdrawing a PANOX fiber from the densification zone.

Abstract: A core-sheath conjugated fiber includes two kinds of polymer, wherein the core-sheath conjugated fiber is characterized in that the core component has projected shapes having projections and grooves alternately in a cross section in a direction perpendicular to the fiber axis, the projections are formed continuously in the direction of the fiber axis, and the height (H) of the projections, the width (WA) at the tip of the projections, and the width (WB) of the bottom surface satisfy the formulas at the same time: 1.0?H/(WA)1/2?3.0??(1) 0.7?WB/WA?3.0??(2).

Abstract: A sheet is produced by (i) producing a sheet by entangling woven or knitted material including a thread composed of a composite fiber such that two kinds or more of polyethylene terephthalate polymers different in intrinsic viscosity are stuck together in a side-by-side type along the fiber length direction and/or of a core-in-sheath type composite fiber such that two kinds or more of polyethylene terephthalate polymers different in intrinsic viscosity form an eccentric core-in-sheath structure, with a fiber capable of converting into ultra fine fibers composed of two kinds or more of polymeric substances different in solubility in solvent, (ii) developing an ultra fine fiber with an average single fiber fineness of 0.001 dtex or more and 0.

Abstract: A yarn spinning system has a sliver feeding part feeding a main material used for yarn formation; a main spinning unit in which the spinning procedure of the main materials is performed; suction pipes present in the main spinning unit and enabling the intake of waste fiber formed during spinning; the draft cylinders enabling orderly drawing and smoothing of the main material (fiber) fed into the system; additionally to provide conveying the injected yarns fed into the system to a draft area through the yarn feeding path; and enabling fancy yarn production by conveying the injected yarns to the main spinning unit by being centered on the main material via the yarn guide.

Abstract: A material shape simulation apparatus for simulating deformation of a three-dimensional woven fiber material is provided and includes: an orientation vector field generation unit generating a model shape orientation vector field on three-dimensional meshes of a model shape of a three-dimensional woven fiber material obtained by stacking sheets of two-dimensional woven fabric made of X-yarn and Y-yarn and binding them with Z-yarn; a parameterization unit that searches for a gradient vector for calculating a material shape orientation vector field, being an orientation vector field of a material shape before deformation of the model shape, from the model shape orientation vector field; and an orientation vector updating unit that updates the model shape orientation vector field by applying a condition of preserving a volume between the model shape orientation vector field and the material shape orientation vector field and a condition that neither the X-yarn nor the Y-yarn expands or contracts.

Abstract: A fabric has first material yarns and second material yarns woven together to form a ground, The first material yarns are synthetic yarns, and the second material yarns are cotton pile yarns. A coloring process is performed which colors the second material yarns, but which does not take to the first material yarns. A second coloring or printing process is performed on the technical front.

Abstract: Footwear includes an inner knitted fabric (5) and an outer knitted fabric (4) that are connected by a stitch row at a top line (6). In the footwear, wale directions of the inner knitted fabric and the outer knitted fabric are different, and/or, the outer knitted fabric is provided with a portion made of a knitted structure (50) with holes, and the inner knitted fabric arranged on the inner side of that portion is made of a knitted structure (60) whose stretchability is lower than that of another portion of the inner knitted fabric. A difference in stretchability between the vertical and horizontal directions of the footwear provided with a double layer knitted fabric is reduced, or a difference in stretchability depending on the position in the footwear is reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a prosthetic porous knit based on a monofilament of a biocompatible polymer material, the pattern followed for the knitting of said monofilament on a warp knitting machine having two guide bars B1, B2 being the following, according to the ISO 11676 standard: Bar B1: 1.2/4.5/4.3/4.5/4.3/1.0/1.2/1.0// Bar B2: 4.3/1.0/1.2/1.0/1.2/4.5/4.3/4.5// The invention further relates to a method for producing such a knit and to a hernia prosthesis comprising such a knit.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter relates to a multilayer nonwoven material. More particularly, the presently disclosed subject matter relates to multilayered structures including, but not limited to, two, three, or four layers to form the nonwoven material. The multilayered structure can include a first layer comprising continuous filaments and a second layer comprising bonded fibers. The continuous filaments can be synthetic filaments. The fibers can be cellulosic fibers, noncellulosic fibers, or combinations thereof. Certain layers can also contain a binder material.

Abstract: An enhanced, co-formed fibrous web structure is disclosed. The web structure may have a co-formed core layer sandwiched between two scrim layers. The core layer may be formed of a blend of cellulose pulp fibers and melt spun filaments. The scrim layers may be formed of melt spun filaments. Filaments of one or both of the scrim layers, and optionally the core layer, may also be meltblown filaments. The fibrous web structure may have a Consumer Preference Indication (governing allocation of melt spun filaments between core layer and scrim layers) greater than 0. Alternatively, the filaments forming the scrim layers may constitute from 1 to 13 percent of the weight of the structure. Alternatively, the scrim layers may have a combined basis weight of from 0.1 gsm to less than 3.0 gsm. A method for forming the structure, including direct formation of layers, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A Strobel Insole of fully recyclable stitch-bonded fabric for use in construction of a shoe using the “California Slip Last” construction method. The stitch-bonded fabric is substantially 100% polyester stitched with two different yarns in different patterns. One side of the stitch-bonded fabric is subject to abrasion to break filaments of a relatively low denier stitching yarn to yield a soft brushed surface. A method of insole fabric production is also provided.