Abstract: A method for the fracking or stimulation of a hydrocarbon-bearing formation, said method comprising the steps of: providing a wellbore in need of stimulation; inserting a plug in the wellbore at a predetermined location; inserting a perforating tool and a spearhead or breakdown acid into the wellbore; positioning the tool at said predetermined location; perforating the wellbore with the tool thereby creating a perforated area; allowing the spearhead acid to come into contact with the perforated area for a predetermined period of time sufficient to prepare the formation for fracking or stimulation; removing the tool form the wellbore; and initiating the fracking of the perforated area using a fracking fluid. Also disclosed is a corrosion inhibiting composition for us with the acid composition.

Abstract: Included are methods and systems for controlling the rheology of a treatment fluid. An example method comprises selecting a cellulose feedstock source to provide a cellulose capable of being processed into a nanocellulose having an average desired aspect ratio, and processing the cellulose with a cellulose processing technique to provide the nanocellulose with the average desired aspect ratio. The method further comprises adding the nanocellulose to the treatment fluid; wherein the nanocellulose alters a rheological property of the treatment fluid to provide an altered treatment fluid, and introducing the altered treatment fluid into a wellbore.

Abstract: A detecting device for indicating the intensity of a predetermined type of radiation present in electromagnetic radiation incident on the detecting device can include: a filter element for filtering the incident electromagnetic radiation, wherein the filter element is configured to filter off electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of above 590 nm from the incident electromagnetic radiation; a converging element configured to increase the density of photons of the predetermined type of radiation present in the incident electromagnetic radiation; and a sensor element of material arranged to receive the incident electromagnetic radiation that has passed through the filter element and the converging element for indicating the intensity of the predetermined type of radiation present in the incident electromagnetic radiation by change of the color of the sensor element of material, wherein the material is represented by the following formula: (M?)8(M?M??)6O24(X,S)2:M?? (formula (I)).

Abstract: Quantum dots including semiconductor nanocrystals, methods of producing the same, and quantum dot solutions and electronic devices including the same. The quantum dots do not include cadmium, lead, or a combination thereof. The quantum dots include an organic ligand and a halogen on the surfaces, and the quantum dots are dispersible in an organic solvent to form organic solutions.

Abstract: Fluorescent water soluble conjugated polymers including polycyclic aromatic comonomers are provided. The conjugated polymers can be linked to an acceptor fluorescent dye. The conjugated polymers find use in conjugates with biological substrates having applications in a variety of applications including methods of analyte detection.

Abstract: Inorganic-organic hybrid structures having both ionic and coordinate bonds in a molecular cluster possessing the features of structural diversity, high luminescence and stability, and excellent dispersibility, suitable for use as lighting phosphors.

Abstract: Surface-modified nanoparticles are produced by associating ligand interactive agents with the surface of a nanoparticle. The ligand interactive agents are bound to surface modifying ligands that are tailored to impart particular solubility and/or compatibility properties. The ligand interactive agents are crosslinked via a linking/crosslinking agent. The linking/crosslinking agent may provide a binding site for binding the surface modifying ligands to the ligand interactive agents.

Abstract: A composition for etching and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method including an etching process of using the composition for etching, are provided. The composition for etching includes a first inorganic acid; any one first additive selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid, an organic phosphite, a hypophosphite, and mixtures thereof; and a solvent. The composition for etching is a high-selectivity composition for etching that can selectively remove a nitride film while minimizing the etch rate for an oxide film and does not have a problem such as particle generation, which adversely affects device characteristics.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer that includes a predetermined structural unit derived from an azomethine derivative having a polymerizable group and is reversibly fluidized and non-fluidized by being irradiated with light.

Abstract: A polar compound having high chemical stability, high capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules, high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, and a large voltage holding ratio when the compound is used in a liquid crystal display device; and a composition containing the compound. The compound is represented by formula (1).

Abstract: The disclosure provides a liquid crystal composition having favorable characteristics and excellent characteristic balance as a material used for an element used for phase control of an electromagnetic wave signal having a frequency of 1 MHz to 400 THz. A liquid crystal composition which is used for phase control of an electromagnetic wave signal having a frequency of 1 MHz to 400 THz, and which includes a compound selected from the group represented by Formula (1), in Formula (1), the ring A0 to the ring A4 are each independently 1,4-phenylene and the like; Z0 to Z3 are each independently a single bond or —CF2O—, where —CF2O— is one or less in Z0 to Z3; p is 0 or 1; and R1 is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and the like, and R11 is —CN and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixture comprising a not fully aromatic polymerisabe compound and a polymerisable photoinitiator, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerisable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment type.

Abstract: Self-aligned liquid crystal materials and structures are disclosed. The structures can exhibit piezoelectric and flexoelectric properties.

Abstract: A reactor system made up of a single canister or a plurality of separate canister sections for the advanced thermal chemical conversion processing of municipal solid waste (“MSW”), either sorted or unsorted, and autoclaves specially designed to process the waste at suitable temperature and pressure combinations is disclosed. The canister sections can be individually and separately filled with compressed bales of MSW or with selected loose MSW. The reactor system can produce syngas that has an enhanced BTU value, typically between about 300 to 700 BTU/ft3. The remainder solid waste material generally amounts to approximately 5% of the original MSW volume. This material can then be sorted for metals with the balance being sent to a landfill or other recycling processes depending on its composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to upgrading heavy petroleum oils, their residues, and/or polymeric materials. More specifically the present invention relates to a method for upgrading heavy petroleum oils, their residues, and/or polymeric materials by hydrothermal treatment with an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: A method for quenching a pyrolysis product, including: supplying a discharge stream from a liquid decomposition furnace to a first quench tower; supplying an upper discharge stream from the first quench tower to a second quench tower; supplying a discharge stream from a first gas decomposition furnace to the second quench tower; and supplying a discharge stream from a second gas decomposition furnace to the second quench tower.

Abstract: A method of generating a hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel from a feedstock via a centrifuge reactor that includes introducing a flow of feedstock to a centrifuge reactor with a centrifuge assembly having a reaction chamber and configured to rotate about a central rotational axis X, rotating the centrifuge assembly about the central rotational axis X at a tip speed of 100 m/s to 1000 m/s to generate an acceleration gradient from the central rotational axis X and from the first reaction chamber end to the second reaction chamber end; and generating reaction conditions in the reaction chamber, including pressure of 5 MPa to 500 MPa and temperature within a range of 200° C. to 1000° C., the reaction conditions and acceleration gradient causing a separation of products from a reaction of the feedstock within the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A fuel treatment system for an engine includes at least two centrifugal separators for cleaning fuel oil for an engine, at least two variable feed pumps for supplying fuel oil to be cleaned to the centrifugal separators, respectively, and at least two separator control units configured to control the operation of the centrifugal separators and the speed of the variable feed pumps, thereby controlling the flow rate of fuel oil to be cleaned to the separators. The system further includes a system control unit, other than the separator control units, configured for receiving information from a unit in the fuel treatment system that is arranged downstream of the centrifugal separators or from an engine arranged to use the fuel that is treated by the system, and for sending operational requests to the separator control units based on the received information.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method that includes pyrolyzing a biomass to produce a pyrolysis oil and upgrading the pyrolysis oil to yield a first upgraded pyrolysis oil, where the pyrolysis oil is in at least one of a liquid phase and/or a vapor phase, the pyrolyzing is performed in a pyrolysis reactor at a first temperature between 400° C. and 600° C., the biomass has a residence time of less than five seconds in the pyrolysis reactor, the upgrading is performed in a fluidized bed reactor, and the upgrading is catalyzed using a zeolite.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for performing solvent dewaxing using a dewaxing solvent that is not fully miscible with the feed being dewaxed. It has been unexpectedly discovered that by operating with a ketone solvent mixture that is beyond the miscibility limit by a small amount, the rate of solvent dewaxing can be substantially increased. Additionally, the difference between the filtration temperature during solvent dewaxing and the pour point of the resulting dewaxed product is unexpectedly reduced. The dewaxing solvent beyond the miscibility limit can correspond to, for example, a solvent mixture where the weight percent of methyl ethyl ketone is beyond the miscibility limit by 0.1 vol % to 5.0 vol %.

Abstract: A method of processing MSW, either sorted or unsorted, which can be carried out through the use of canisters to hold the waste feedstock, and autoclaves specially designed to process the waste at suitable temperature and pressure combinations is disclosed. The final solid product is a mixture of carbon ash and non-combustible materials, such as, metals, drywall, etc., and syngas that has an enhanced BTU value, typically between about 300 to 700 BTU/ft3. The remainder solid material generally amounts to approximately 5% of the original MSW volume. This material can then be sorted for metals with the balance being sent to a landfill or other recycling processes depending on its composition.

Abstract: A char discharge unit is for discharging char discharged from a filtration unit into a char storage unit in which a pressure is at least temporarily higher pressure than that in the filtration unit. The char discharge unit includes a char discharge line connected to a lower side of the filtration unit in a vertical direction and connected to the char storage unit; a lock hopper installed at an intermediary point of the char discharge line to temporarily store the char; an admission valve installed in the char discharge line between the lock hopper and the filtration unit; a control valve installed in the char discharge line between the lock hopper and the char storage unit; and a control device configured to close the control valve when the admission valve is open, and to close the admission valve when the control valve is open.

Abstract: A marine fuel composition for use in marine engines comprising a fuel component selected from the group consisting of high sulfur fuel oil, low sulfur fuel oil, slurry oil from a fluid catalytic cracker, heavy coker gas oil, light cycle oil from a fluid catalytic cracker, vacuum tower bottoms, atmospheric tower bottoms, low sulfur straight run, high sulfur straight run, distillate base stock, low sulfur vacuum gas oil, high sulfur vacuum gas oil, cracked or straight run fuel oil, straight run gas oil, ultra low sulfur heating oil, residues, and combinations of the same, present in an amount between 10 vol % and 99.9 vol %, and a lubricity component selected from the group consisting of a base oil, an aromatic extract, and combinations of the same, wherein a sulfur content is between 0.101 wt % and 5 wt %.

Abstract: Pellets and a process for producing pellets are disclosed. The process includes recovering spent coffee grounds from a coffee production facility. The coffee grounds are then subject to a drying process to remove moisture from the coffee grounds to form dried coffee grounds. A mixture of about 0.5-5% dried coffee grounds and wood material is then formed. The mixture is then compressed in a pellet mill to form wood pellets including about 0.5-5% coffee grounds. The coffee grounds in the wood material acts as a lubricant for the pelleting machinery and eliminate the need for other lubricants in the process.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing ether compound represented by a formula (1) shown below. R4—CH2—R3—CH2—R2—CH2—R1—CH2—R2—CH2—R3—CH2—R5??(1) In formula (1), R1 and R3 represent the same or different perfluoropolyether chains, R2 represents a linking group containing at least one polar group, one or both of R4 and R5 represent a terminal group containing two or more polar groups, and R4 and R5 are different.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition for automatic transmissions which comprises: 55 to 85 mass % of a Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 2 to 4 mm2/s as a low-viscosity base oil; 1 to 10 mass % of an olefin copolymer 5 with a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 150 to 1,000 mm2/s as a high-viscosity base oil; and a polymethacrylate with a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000 to 50,000. This lubricating oil composition is such that the viscosity index of the composition is not 10 less than 190, the Brookfield viscosity is not more than 6,000 mPa·s at low temperature (?40° C.), the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. is 6 to 7 mm2/s, and the rate of reduction of the kinematic viscosity after a KRL shear stability test (60° C., 20 hr) is kept to within not more 15 than 3%.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating oil composition for diesel engines which contains a GTL base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 4.5 to 5.5 mm2/s, a comblike PMA (polymethacrylate) based viscosity index improver and a boron-containing dispersant and/or boron-containing detergent, the total content of the boron-containing dispersant and/or boron-containing detergent in terms of conversion to boron content relative to the total amount of the composition being not less than 0.025 mass %, and which satisfies 0W-30 or 5W-30 in the SAE J300 standard.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for co-processing of used lubricant oils with a coker feedstock in a fluidized coking process to form lubricant base stocks. The fluidized coking process can remove contaminants and/or additives from used lubricant oils with modest conversion of the lubricant boiling range portion.

Abstract: An oil production apparatus includes a reaction vessel where raw material composed of an agricultural residue or a fishery residue is fed, a water vapor injecting unit for injecting saturated water vapor into the reaction vessel, a kneading unit for kneading a content in the reaction vessel, a temperature sensor disposed at a lower part of the reaction vessel, a pressure regulating unit regulating the pressure, a control unit for controlling driving of the water vapor injection unit, the kneading unit, the pressure regulating unit, a housing for making a working area for extraction of oil oxygen-free, a solid-liquid separation unit for separating solid from a product and water removal unit both disposed in the housing, and a nitrogen injection unit for injecting nitrogen into the housing. A method for obtaining the oil is also presented.

Abstract: A system for processing essential oils includes a mixing tank, three winterization vessels, three respective filtering vessels, a fine filtering vessel, a holding tank, an evaporator, an essential oil reservoir, a solvent reservoir, and a solvent filtering vessel. The evaporator can include a heat exchanger configured to heat a plate down which a mixture including the oils flows, to evaporate other components of the mixture. Fluids can be advanced through the system using a pressurized inert gas.

Abstract: The invention provides surfactant compounds of formulas I-IX, which can be used in methods for aiding the solubilization, digestion, preparation, analysis, and/or characterization of biological material, for example, proteins or cell membranes. The compounds can also aid in the recovery of peptides generated during protein digestion, particularly for in-gel digestion protocol. Additionally, the compounds can improve enzymatic protein deglycosylation without interfering with downstream sample preparation steps and mass spectrometric analysis. The compounds can be specifically useful as digestion aids that can be decomposed by an acid, by heat, or a combination thereof. Decomposition of the surfactants allows for facile separation from isolated samples, and/or allows for analysis of the sample without interfering with the sensitivity of various analytical techniques.

Abstract: A polymer comprising a first fraction and a second fraction, wherein the first fraction comprises from 90 to 100 wt % polymerized C3-C6 carboxylic acid monomer units; and the second fraction comprises from 30 to 80 wt % polymerized C3-C6 carboxylic acid monomer units and from 20 to 70 wt % polymerized sulfonic acid monomer units; wherein the first fraction is from 10 to 40 wt % of the polymer and the second fraction is from 60 to 90 wt % of the polymer; the polymer has Mw from 3,000 to 30,000; and monomers are randomly distributed within each fraction.

Abstract: A detergent composition for partial cleaning is disclosed. The detergent composition for partial cleaning includes a) a polymer represented by the following Formula 1, b) a nonionic surfactant represented by the following Formula 2, c) a nonionic surfactant represented by the following Formula 3, d) a nonionic stain release agent (SRN), e) a water-soluble solvent, and f) water, wherein the a) polymer represented by Formula 1 is present in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight and has a viscosity of 20,000 cps or more.

Abstract: A bio resin agent cleaner and protectant for painted automotive surface finishes, clear coat finishes, fiberglass, chrome, rubber, plastic, gel coat, aluminum, steel, and glass surfaces. In addition to cleaning and protecting the product leaves a semi permanent gloss on most all surfaces. The bio resin agent cleaner and protectant may be a soy bio resin, a grapeseed bio resin, a sunflower bio resin, a vegetable based bio resin, or any equivalent bio resin, for example a soy methyl ester based from soy oil. In one embodiment the bio resin agent cleaner and protectant is a bio resin combined with surfactants and emulsifiers. The bio resin agent addresses the needs for cleaning and protecting painted automotive surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to stable, anhydrous concentrated cleanser formulations.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods, compositions, apparatuses and kits comprising two or more distant related glucoamylases in mashing having a synergistic effect on the released fermentable DPI sugar. Increased levels of DPI being primarily glucose is of high importance for high attenuation brewing applied for brewing low carb or light beers. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods, apparatuses; compositions and kits for the use of two or more glucoamylases to increase the apparent specific activity in the mashing operation.

Abstract: Method for preparing a beverage component, the method comprising the steps of: (a) Providing an aqueous suspension comprising at least 1.5 g/l, preferably at least 3 g/l, most preferably at least 5 g/l hops or hop products and fermentable carbohydrates; (b) Fermenting the aqueous suspension with a yeast to obtain the beverage component, characterized in that the aqueous suspension comprises an amount of free amino nitrogen (FAN) of less than 11 ppm FAN/° Pl, preferably less than 6 ppm FAN/° Pl, most preferably less than 4.5 ppm FAN/° Pl, at the start of fermentation and/or that aqueous suspension comprises an amount of free amino nitrogen (FAN) of less than 180 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, most preferably less than 85 ppm.

Abstract: Provided is a method of processing stillage from an ethanol production process. The method comprises treating stillage comprising oil, protein, and water upstream of a separation, concentration or evaporation step with at least one coagulant and at least one flocculant, thereby forming treated thin stillage comprising solids which include at least a portion of the oil and protein; and clarifying the treated stillage via a solid/liquid separation process thereby forming clarified stillage and a separated solids phase comprising at least a portion of the solids from the treated stillage.

Abstract: A device is directed to simulating a function of a tissue, and includes a first structure defining a first chamber, a second structure defining a second chamber, and a porous membrane located at an interface region between the first chamber and the second chamber. The membrane has a first side facing toward the first chamber and a second side facing toward the second chamber, the membrane separating the first chamber from the second chamber. The first side includes a fluid-permeable, stimulus-responsive polymer gel thereon, the second side including at least one layer of cells adhered thereon.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a cell chip and a three-dimensional tissue chip and a production method therefor such that even when a highly viscous cell-containing solution is a material, the highly safe and reproducible cell chip or three-dimensional tissue chip with a desired application volume can be produced within a short time and in a large quantity so as to have a desired cell density and exhibit high cell viability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the culture of photosynthetic organisms selected from among microalgae, cyanobacteria and macroalgae using a continuous or discontinuous CO2 source.

Abstract: Provided is a method for simply and accurately counting the number of microorganisms in an analyte containing carbonate ion or bicarbonate ion in a dialysis fluid or the like. A counting method for the number of microorganisms includes: a step of adding the analyte to a composition for preparing a medium for counting the number of microorganisms, and containing (a) polyacrylic acid and/or a salt thereof, (b) hydroxide of alkaline earth metal and (c) a nutritional ingredient, and mixing the resulting mixture; a step of culturing microorganisms contained in the analyte; and a step of counting the number of colonies of the microorganisms.

Abstract: A device for forming and counting spheroids according to one embodiment of the present invention may comprise a substrate, and a mesh member which is configured to be able to be positioned on the surface of the substrate and has a plurality of protruding members. The plurality of protruding members intersects one another in the form of a mesh so as to form a plurality of pores.

Abstract: Reactors, systems and processes for the production of biomass by culturing microorganisms in aqueous liquid culture medium circulating inner loop reactor which utilize nonvertical pressure reduction zones are described. Recovery and processing of the culture microorganisms to obtain products, such as proteins or hydrocarbons is described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for enriching protists with lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in particular of the omega 3 (?3) class, said method comprising the culture of protists in a culture medium comprising a selenium-containing compound as well as the protists enriched with lipids rich in PUFA obtained by this method. The invention also relates to a method for producing lipids rich in PUFA, comprising, after the enrichment method according to the invention, a method for treating the protists by extraction from the biomass of selenium-containing lipids rich in PUFA. The invention finally relates to any food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical product comprising either selenium-containing lipids thus extracted, or selenium-containing biomass originating from the enrichment method.

Abstract: Provided for are methods of producing triacylglycerol-accumulated microalgae, methods for making bioplastics from triacylglycerol-accumulated microalgae, methods for making alga-mixed plastics, and products including these bioplastics. Methods of triacylglycerol accumulation using centrifugation are also provided. Products such as plastic beads and other consumer products can be made from the bioplastics described herein.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium producing 5?-xanthosine monophosphate and a method for producing 5?-xanthosine monophosphate using the same.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed relate to conductive graphene matrix-encapsulated cells. A matrix-encapsulated cell includes an encapsulating polymer matrix including a biopolymer and graphene. The matrix-encapsulated cell also includes one or more of the cells encapsulated within the encapsulating polymer, wherein the graphene directly contacts at least some of the cells. The matrix encapsulating the one or more cells is electrically conductive.

Abstract: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) are well recognized technologies to allow couples or individuals with a desire for pregnancy to achieve their goals. ART is a group of technologies which may include but is not limited to in vitro fertilization; donor insemination; embryo, sperm or oocyte cryopreservation; embryo, sperm or oocyte thawing; embryo, sperm or oocyte transfer into the uterus of a recipient; isolation, preparation and transportation of sperm cells, eggs and embryos for later use; intracytoplasmic insemination; genetic studies and surrogacy. This invention is directed toward an assisted reproductive technology media incorporating one or more antiviral compounds or medicines, and more specifically relates to such media incorporating one or more antiviral compounds or medicines directed to the HHV-6A virus, the HHV-6B virus or other viruses which are members of the Human Herpesvirus group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a growth medium, which does not include cholera toxin, for culturing cells, such as epithelial cells, in particular keratinocytes, use of the medium to grow cells, (for example epithelial cells, such as keratinocytes) and kits comprising the medium. Also provided is a method of generating human full thickness skin, fully human epidermis or fully human dermis involving culturing keratinocytes and feeder cells in said cell culture medium.