Abstract: A powder-metallurgical sintered molybdenum part which is present as a solid body has the following composition: a molybdenum content of ?99.93% by weight, a boron content “B” of ?3 ppmw and a carbon content “C” of ?3 ppmw, with a total content “BaC” of carbon and boron being in a range of 15 ppmw?“BaC”?50 ppmw, an oxygen content “O” in a range of 3 ppmw?“O”?20 ppmw, a maximum tungsten content of ?330 ppmw and a maximum proportion of other impurities of ?300 ppmw. A powder-metallurgical process for producing such a sintered molybdenum part is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of nanoparticles is provided. The apparatus includes a main tube that is closed at a bottom, an inlet channel arranged within the main tube and includes a first opening to the outside of the apparatus and a second opening to the main tube, and a main opening in the main tube. The main tube includes a sample position at the bottom, the cross section of the main tube at the sample position is smaller than at other positions of the main tube, and the second opening of the inlet channel is arranged closer to the sample position than the main opening. Furthermore, an arrangement for the production of nanoparticles and a method for producing nanoparticles are provided.

Abstract: Methods for making a plurality of microparticles from a reaction solution that includes an organic acid in a solvent are provided. The method may include adding a chromium salt and a palladium salt to the reaction solution; bringing the reaction solution to a reaction temperature of 0° C. to 150° C. to form palladium cations and chromium cations within the reaction solution such that the palladium cations and chromium cations combine to form the plurality of microparticles that precipitate from the reaction solution; and collecting the microparticles from the reaction mixture. The plurality of microparticles comprises a palladium-chromium alloy. The palladium-chromium alloy may comprise chromium in a weight percentage of 1% to 20% of the total weight of the palladium-chromium alloy.

Abstract: Core-shell microparticles, along with methods of their fabrication and use, are provided. The core-shell microparticles may include a core comprising a first metallic material having a first chromium content and a shell surrounding the core and comprising a second metallic material having a second chromium content that is less than the first chromium content. For example, the first chromium content may be 5% by weight or greater of elemental chromium within the first metallic material.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to novel methods for the solution-based production of silver nanowires by adaptation of the polyol process. Some embodiments of the present invention can be practiced at lower temperature and/or at higher concentration than previously described methods. In some embodiments reactants are added in solid form rather than in solution. In some embodiments, an acid compound is added to the reaction.

Abstract: A coated cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating of one of more layers. The coating includes a layer of ?-Al2O3 of a thickness of 1-20 ?m deposited by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The ?-Al2O3 layer exhibits an X-ray diffraction pattern and wherein the texture coefficient TC(h k 1) is defined according to the Harris formula, wherein 1<TC(0 2 4)<4 and 3<TC(0 0 12)<6.

Abstract: A drilling method of machining holes that are not regularly arranged in one direction in a short machining time is provided. A drilling method, includes: creating a machining order of machining a first hole to be machined with a first spindle and a second hole to be machined with a second spindle for a workpiece having a plurality of target holes on a machining table, the first spindle and the second spindle arranged in X direction; rotating the machining table relative to the first spindle and the second spindle so that the first hole and the second hole are arranged in X direction with the first hole located nearer to the first spindle; moving the first spindle and the second spindle relative to the machining table so that the first hole and a center of the first spindle are aligned and the second hole and a center of the second spindle are aligned; and machining the first hole with the first spindle and the second hole with the second spindle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a depth adjustment stopper for a drill bit. The present invention enables easy workability during forming of a drilled groove having a fixed depth into a material by means of a drill bit. The depth adjustment stopper coupled to the drill bit is supported by means of the tension of a spring. Therefore, the depth adjustment stopper is prevented from shaking or being pushed.

Abstract: THIS invention relates to a drilling accessory for a power drill drilling accessory that assists the operator of the power drill to correctly align and orientate the drill bit of the power drill with the target object, and collects the dust and/or debris arising from such drilling. The drilling accessory includes a cap having a plurality of differently sized guide holes and a container to which the cap is pivotally connected. The container comprises a first through hole, which on rotation of the cap relative to the container, enables the first through hole to be aligned with the require guide hole thereby to allow a drill bit to pass therethrough. The container further comprises a base having a planar support surface portion and a seal portion protruding outwardly from the support surface portion towards a contact lip, which contact lip defines a second through hole coaxially aligned with the first through hole.

Abstract: A device for removing flashes of a wheel blank includes two layers of turnover mechanisms, wherein the lower-layer turnover mechanism realizes the initial positioning of a wheel and has the function of removing the flashes at both the inner side and the outer side of an inner rim of the wheel, and the upper-layer turnover mechanism realizes the secondary positioning of the wheel and has the function of removing the flashes on the outer rim side. By means of the two layers of turnover mechanisms, the flashes on the front face and end face of a wheel blank outer rim wheel lip, and the inner side and outer side of the inner rim are removed, and coaxial processing conversion and orderly takt connection are ensured. The disclosure also provides a method for removing flashes of a wheel blank.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ring-shaped tool for processing a workpiece, wherein the tool has a fastening region which is centred with its ring shape for fastening to a rotatable drive shaft, wherein the tool has cutting teeth and the teeth extend on both sides of the tool in each case from the head region of the tool in the direction of the fastening region, the teeth on one side having a right-hand twist and providing right-hand cutting, and the teeth on the other side having a right-hand twist and providing left-hand cutting.

Abstract: A perforating apparatus for a cylindrical workpiece, including: a cradle having a groove extending in one direction horizontally from one end to another end; a stopper provided at the one end of the groove; a drill disposed vertically above the groove and movable at least in vertical direction, having a drill bit that extends vertically; and a chuck having a pair of opposing grippers movable toward each other in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the direction in which the groove extends, and symmetrically with respect to a rotation axis of the drill bit, each of the grippers further having a pair of vertically symmetric inclined surfaces expanding upwards and downwards.

Abstract: A cutting insert has two opposing end surfaces interconnected by a peripheral side surface, the peripheral side surface having two major side surfaces and two minor side surfaces. Major edges are formed at the intersection of the major side surfaces and the end surfaces. Each end surface has two diagonally opposed raised corners and two diagonally opposed lowered corners with respect to a median plane, each raised corner adjoining one of the major edges at a first major point and each lowered corner adjoining one of the major edges at a third major point. In a major side view, each major edge has an associated first imaginary straight line containing its first and third major points, and an elevated edge portion located on one side of the first imaginary straight line. The cutting insert is removably secured in a rotary cutting tool.

Abstract: A connected portion 68, 68m is disposed at an end of one of a rotary member 41 (first rotary shaft) of a tool unit 10 and a rotary shaft 62a (second rotary shaft) of a driving unit 60, and a connecting portion 52, 52m which is connected to the connected portion 68, 68m is disposed at an end of the other thereof. The connected portion 68, 68m has a guide shaft 68a which rotates integrally with the rotary member 41 or the rotary shaft 62a, and a plurality of engaged portions 68b, 68p disposed around the guide shaft 68a. The connecting portion 52, 52m has a guide hole 52a into which the guide shaft 68a is inserted, and the engaging portions 52b, 52q with which the engaged portions 68b, 68p are engaged and which are disposed around the guide hole 52a.

Abstract: A guide assembly for use with a tool to guide movement of the tool along a channel defined by a work platform. The guide assembly comprises an elongate bar slidably received in the channel. The elongate bar has a width that is less than a width of the channel. The elongate bar defines recesses extending from a first side of the elongate bar toward a second side of the elongate bar. Guides are moveably mounted in one of the recesses of the elongate bar to adjust a working width of the guide assembly to fit the width of the channel. Each guide projects from its recess and has a portion thereof disposed outward of the first side of the elongate bar. The working width of the guide assembly extends between the second side of the elongate bar and the portion of the guide disposed outward of the first side of the elongate bar.

Abstract: Provided is an electric power work device, which is a chain saw, including: a body case; a cutting part protruding forward from the body case; a motor to drive the cutting part, and a battery. A top handle is provided at an upside with respect to the body case, and, a side handle is provided at a left side surface of the body case. The battery is detachably mounted in a battery part formed behind the top handle. Further, interference reduction part is formed behind the top handle to reduce interference with a palm holding the top handle or a wrist.

Abstract: A reciprocating saw may include a housing, a motor within the housing, a reciprocating drive mechanism having a rotational input driven by the motor and a reciprocating spindle to which a saw blade is attachable, and an onboard, integrated dust collection system for collecting and storing dust and debris generated by the saw blade during a cutting operation. The dust collection system includes an inlet duct, a dust container positioned downstream of the inlet duct, an outlet duct positioned downstream of the dust container, and a centrifugal fan driven by the motor for inducing an airflow through the inlet duct, the dust container, and the outlet duct.

Abstract: A circular saw dust collection shroud is provided. The dust collection shroud includes a shroud body and a saw blade hood which is disposed around a circular saw blade. The saw blade hood may engage the upper blade guard of the circular saw. The dust collection shroud is reconfigurable to mount to either a left or a right handed circular saw and is adjustable relative to the saw to position the saw blade hood in a desired location around the saw blade.

Abstract: The diamond tipped nut filing tool includes a body and a diamond tipped file. The diamond tipped file may be disposed along one end of the body. The body has a longitudinal length and at least half of the length includes a circumference so that at least one half of the longitudinal length is rounded.

Abstract: A power skiving tool, having a shank extending along a longitudinal axis of the tool and a cutting head arranged at a front end of the shank. The cutting head comprises a plurality of circumferentially arranged teeth, wherein each of these teeth comprises a planar rake face at a front end of the cutting head that faces away from the shank, wherein the rake face is inclined at an angle other than 90° with respect to the longitudinal axis. A transition face is in each case arranged between the rake faces of two adjacent teeth. The transition face is arranged at the front end of the cutting head and adjoins the rake faces of the two adjacent teeth. Surface normals in all points of the transition face form an angle greater than 0° with the rake faces of the two adjacent teeth.

Abstract: A wire electrical discharge machine determines the position of an endface of a workpiece by relatively moving a wire electrode toward the workpiece. The wire electrical discharge machine includes: a voltage application control unit configured to continuously apply voltage pulses between the wire electrode and the workpiece; a voltage detection unit configured to detect a voltage between the wire electrode and the workpiece; a pulse occurrence ratio calculation unit configured to calculate a pulse occurrence ratio that is a ratio of the number of the voltage pulses detected by the voltage detection unit to the number of the voltage pulses applied per a predetermined time by the voltage application control unit; and an endface position determination unit configured to determine the position of the endface of the workpiece based on the pulse occurrence ratio.

Abstract: A control device for a wire electrical discharge machine includes: a storage unit configured to store a machining program that causes the wire electrical discharge machine to machine a workpiece with a wire electrode and image information showing a machining path along which the wire electrode moves relative to the workpiece according to the machining program, in association with each other; and a display unit configured to, when the machining program stored in the storage unit is selected, display the image information associated with the selected machining program.

Abstract: In a method for joining different type of metals, an Al-based base material (2) made of an Al alloy or pure Al and a Cu-based base material (3) made of a Cu alloy or pure Cu are joined to each other. The Al-based base material (2) and the Cu-based base material (3) are joined to each other by laser welding for melting and solidifying a portion irradiated with laser light using a filler metal (5) made of an Al alloy containing at least one of Si and Cu.

Abstract: A solder processing method according to one or more embodiments may include: sequentially supplying at least two solder pieces into a substantially tubular iron tip that is extended vertically, such that the at least two solder pieces are erected within the iron tip in such a manner that on the solder piece which is first supplied, the solder piece which is subsequently supplied rides; and heating the substantially tubular iron tip in a state where the at least two solder pieces are erected within the iron tip in such a manner that on the solder piece which is first supplied, the solder piece which is subsequently supplied rides, to melt the flux to be flown out from at least one of the at least two solder pieces to a space between an inner wall of the iron tip and the at least two solder pieces.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method may bond titanium to an intermediate alloy. The method may include layering a portion of an intermediate alloy onto a portion of titanium. The method may include focusing a controlled heat source on a spot of the intermediate alloy to form a weld pool in the intermediate alloy at the spot. The method may include superheating the intermediate alloy in the weld pool above the melting point of the intermediate alloy but below the melting point of titanium such that liquid intermediate alloy contacts the surface of the portion of the titanium heating the portion of the titanium. The method may include diffusing the portions of titanium and intermediate alloy together such that upon the intermediate alloy cooling below the melting point of the intermediate alloy the portions of the intermediate alloy and titanium are bonded forming a weldment.

Abstract: A method is provided for fastening a stud to a substrate having a surface layer, in which a recess is created in the substrate, the stud is connected to the substrate in the recess, and the recess around the stud is covered.

Abstract: A welding tool includes a tool support and a welding torch coupled to the tool support. The welding tool is configured to rotate relative to the tool support about a welding axis. A locating device is coupled to the tool support and is movable between a retracted position and an extended position. In the extended position, the locating device extends toward the welding axis. The locating device includes a recess at an end of the locating device. The recess is configured such that, when a predetermined object to be welded (such as an anchor rod) is positioned at least partially within the recess of the locating device in the extended position, the welding axis passes through the object to be welded.

Abstract: A welding or additive manufacturing power supply includes output circuitry configured to generate a welding waveform, a current sensor for measuring a welding current generated by the output circuitry, a voltage sensor for measuring an output voltage of the welding waveform, and a controller operatively connected to the output circuitry to control the welding waveform, and operatively connected to the current sensor and the voltage sensor to monitor the welding current and the output voltage. A portion of welding waveform includes a controlled change in current from a first level to a second level different from the first level. The controller is configured to determine a circuit inductance from the output voltage and the controlled change in current, and further determine a change in resistance of a consumable electrode in real time based on the circuit inductance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing using an additive manufacturing process includes providing a deposition system, the deposition system configured to provide a plurality of cells to form a blank of a part, depositing a first layer of the blank, the first layer comprising a first deposited cell, a second deposited cell spaced apart from the first deposited cell, and a third deposited cell spaced apart from the first deposited cell and the second deposited cell, and depositing a second layer of the part on the first layer, the second layer comprising a fourth deposited cell, a fifth deposited cell spaced apart from the fourth deposited cell, and a sixth deposited cell spaced apart from the fourth deposited cell and the fifth deposited cell. Each of the first layer and the second layer are formed using non-continuous deposition to form the blank.

Abstract: A method of preventing arc flaring events for a welding system is provided. The method includes determining, by a controller, a real-time welding output characteristic of the welding system. The method additionally includes comparing, by the controller, the real-time welding output characteristic to a threshold welding output characteristic. The method further includes controlling an operating characteristic of the welding system in response to a determination that the real-time welding output characteristic exceeds the threshold welding output characteristic.

Abstract: A method for providing a referenced distance signal which corresponds to the distance between a contact tip of a welding torch and a workpiece to be machined, includes adjusting an operating point on a predetermined welding characteristic, which is defined at least by a wire feed rate, a welding voltage and/or a welding current, and a CTWD distance between the contact tip and the workpiece; determining a target parameter value of at least one parameter dependent on the CTWD distance for the operating point; determining an actual parameter value of the at least one parameter by measuring at least one of the present wire feed rate, welding voltage and/or welding current; modifying the determined actual parameter value as a function of a calculated difference between the target parameter value and a predetermined reference value; and outputting the referenced distance signal corresponding to the modified actual parameter value to a position control system of a robot arm.

Abstract: An example welding accessory includes: a weld input configured to receive first welding-type power; and power conversion circuitry configured to: convert a first portion of the first welding-type power to second welding-type power; output the second welding-type power to a weld circuit; convert a second portion of the first welding-type power to preheating power; and output the preheating power to a preheater.

Abstract: A welding system is provided. The welding system includes a low power transceiver configured to be coupled to a weld cable. The low power transceiver includes a low power transmitter, a low power receiver, and a first processor. The low power receiver is configured to transmit one or more unmodulated tones through the weld cable to a welding power supply. The low power receiver is configured to receive the one or more unmodulated tones through the weld cable from the welding power supply. The first processor is configured to determine one or more channel equalization filter coefficients related to the weld cable corresponding to a distortive characteristic of the weld cable.

Abstract: A robot control device for a robot system that includes: an articulated robot having a plurality of internal drive axes; a processing head which is retained to a leading end of the robot, and has a processing tool and a tool drive axis that causes the processing tool to move; and an external driving mechanism which has one or a plurality of external drive axes and positions the robot, in which the robot system causes the processing tool to make contact with a processing target, and conducts predetermined processing on the processing target, in which the control device controls the internal drive axis and the external drive axis so as to position the processing head at a target position which is set as a position of processing the processing target, and controls the tool drive axis so as to make the processing tool make contact with the processing target, and the robot control device detects contact between the processing tool and the processing target by monitoring torque of the internal drive axis, the tool

Abstract: There is provided a resistance spot welding apparatus including a first rod-shaped electrode body, second rod-shaped electrode body, first ring-shaped member, second ring-shaped member, first elastic body, and second elastic body. The first rod-shaped electrode body and second rod-shaped electrode body are arranged facing each other, the first rod-shaped electrode body is inserted into a through hole of the first ring-shaped member, the first elastic body is connected to an opposite side of first ring-shaped member to second rod-shaped electrode body side, the first rod-shaped electrode body and first ring-shaped member are not electrically connected to each other, the second rod-shaped electrode body is inserted into a through hole of the second ring-shaped member, the second elastic body is connected to an opposite side of second ring-shaped member to first rod-shaped electrode body side, and the second rod-shaped electrode body and second ring-shaped member are not electrically connected each other.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing device manufactures an additively manufactured article by preheating a powder material by irradiating the powder material with a charged particle beam and then melting the powder material by irradiating the powder material with the charged particle beam. The additive manufacturing device includes a beam emitting unit emitting the charged particle beam and irradiating the powder material with the charged particle beam, and a position detection unit detecting a position of scattering of the powder material when the powder material scatters by being irradiated with the charged particle beam. When the powder material scatters by being irradiated with the charged particle beam, the beam emitting unit emits the charged particle beam such that a thermal dose of the preheating is increased at the position of scattering.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an equipment part, comprising the following steps: providing a substrate, an upper face of which includes a large main surface; providing a computer model comprising spatial coordinates of said main surface and a second portion of the equipment part; then additive manufacturing of the second portion from the main surface, so as to secure said main surface and said second portion; then cutting in a thickness of the substrate to obtain a thin plate including the main surface secured to the second portion of the equipment part.

Abstract: A solid-state additive manufacturing additive manufacturing system applicable to building up 3D structures, coating and functionalizing surfaces, joining structures, adding customized features to objects, compounding proprietary compositions and repairing various structures is disclosed. The solid-state additive manufacturing system enables deposition of different fillers, viz. metals, metal alloys, MMCs, polymers, plastics, composites, hybrids and gradient compositions, as well as controls the resulting deposit structures, e.g. specific nano-/micro-, gradient- and porous-material structures. The system accommodates various feeding-, spindle- and tool-designs for depositing different forms of filler materials, viz. rods, wires, granules, powders, powder-filled-tubes, scrap pieces or their combination, and a working platform with multiple access points.

Abstract: A heat transmitting device is provided, including a main body and an integrating portion. The main body has at least one opening. The integrating portion is used to seal the opening, and has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. A first welding pattern is formed on the first surface, a second welding pattern is formed on the second surface, and the position of the first welding pattern corresponds to that of the second welding pattern. The type of the first welding pattern and the type of the second welding pattern are asymmetric.

Abstract: An object is to provide a friction stir welding method and apparatus that provide sufficient strength and good welding workability by advantageously eliminating plastic flow deficiency generated as a result of insufficient heating of workpieces. In friction stir welding for steel sheets (3,3) as workpieces, a pair of facing rotary tools (1,15) are inserted into a non-welded part from both one surface side and the other surface side of the steel sheets (3,3), the rotary tools move in a welding direction while rotating, and in addition, a preheating process for heating steel sheets (3,3) is performed by heating means (5) provided in front of the rotary tools (1,15). The configuration of the pair of facing rotary tools (1,15) and the surface temperature, area, position, and so forth of a heated region in the preheating process are strictly controlled.

Abstract: A friction stir welding tool includes a probe having a front end surface and an outer circumferential surface. The probe has, formed therein, outer circumferential recesses extending to the front end surface along a rotation axis. The friction stir welding tool rotates the probe about the rotation axis and embeds the probe inside a workpiece during rotation of the probe to thereby weld the workpiece. The width of the outer circumferential recesses is increased toward a front end of the probe.

Abstract: A friction stir welding tool includes a probe having a front end surface and an outer circumferential surface. The outer circumferential surface has, formed therein, outer circumferential recesses extending to the front end surface. The friction stir welding tool is configured to rotate the probe about a rotation axis, and embed the probe inside a workpiece during rotation of the probe to thereby weld the workpiece. A front end recess is formed in the front end surface, and the front end recess extends to the outer circumferential surface in a manner that the front end recess does not communicate with the outer circumferential recesses.

Abstract: A friction stir welding tool welds a workpiece by rotating a probe about a rotation axis, and embedding the probe inside the workpiece during rotation of the probe from a front end of the probe to weld the workpiece. A first step and a second step are formed in an outer circumferential surface of the probe in a manner that the probe is narrowed stepwise toward the front end of the probe. A first side surface, a second side surface, and a third side surface are formed in the outer circumferential surface of the probe.

Abstract: A friction stir welding tool includes a shoulder having a flat front end surface perpendicular to a rotation axis, and a probe protruding from the front end surface of the shoulder. The friction stir welding tool is configured to rotate the probe about the rotation axis, and embed the probe inside a workpiece during rotation of the probe to weld the workpiece. Protrusions and a recess are formed in the front end surface of the shoulder. The protrusions are positioned remotely from the probe, and configured to guide first softened material of the workpiece softened at the time of performing friction stir welding to the probe. The recess is positioned between the protrusions and the probe.

Abstract: A friction stir welding tool includes a probe having a front end surface and an outer circumferential surface. Outer circumferential recesses are formed in the probe. The outer circumferential recesses extend along the rotational axis of the probe up to the front end surface. The friction stir welding tool rotates the probe about the rotation axis, and embeds the probe inside a workpiece during rotation of the probe to weld the workpiece. A front end recess is formed in the front end surface. The front end recess is positioned at the central part of the front end surface, and connected to the outer circumferential recesses.

Abstract: In a laser processing apparatus, a height of a focusing lens in a processing unit can be changed according to a change in height of an upper surface of a wafer, thereby changing a vertical position of a focal point of a laser beam inside the wafer. Accordingly, the laser beam can be applied to the wafer as feeding the wafer in a condition where the focal point is set at a vertical position spaced a fixed distance from the lower surface of the wafer. As a result, a modified layer can be formed inside the wafer at a uniform height from the lower surface of the wafer.

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus and its use for laser welding. A laser welding apparatus comprise at least one first laser device, each providing at least one first optical feed fiber with a first laser beam; at least one second laser device, each providing at least one second optical feed fiber with a second laser beam; means for generating a composite laser beam comprising a first output laser beam and a second output laser beam for welding a workpiece; wherein the first output laser beam has a circular cross-section and the second output laser beam has an annular shape concentric to the first output laser beam. The second laser device is a fiber laser device or a fiber-coupled laser device.

Abstract: An optical arrangement for direct laser interference structuring, a laser beam is directed to a reflecting element with inclined surface and strikes a first beam splitter, is divided into two partial beams and one partial beam is deflected to a focusing optical element. The second partial beam is directed to a first pentamirror and, after multiple reflection and/or refraction, the focusing optical element, or it is directed to a second beam splitter, and it is divided into a first partial beam of the second partial beam and a third partial beam. Said partial beams are directed to the focusing element by the first pentamirror and partial beams are directed by the focusing optical element to the surface to be structured interfering with each other. The reflecting element is moved in a translational manner, maintaining a 45° angle, parallel to the optical axis of the laser beam emitted by the laser beam source, influencing the interference period A.

Abstract: A system that uses a scalable array of individually controllable laser beams that are generated by a fiber array system to process materials into an object. The adaptive control of individual beams may include beam power, focal spot width, centroid position, scanning orientation, amplitude and frequency, of individual beams. Laser beam micro scanner modules (MSMs) are arranged into 2D arrays or matrices. During operation of the MSMs, a fiber tip that projects the laser beam is displaced along the x and y-axis in order to scan the focal spot. Each MSM within a matrix can process a corresponding cell (e.g., one square centimeter) during focal spot scanning, and the plurality of MSMs may be operated in parallel to process a plurality of corresponding cells (e.g., with a 10×10 matrix of MSM, 100 cm2) without rastering or otherwise repositioning the assembly over the build surface.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing process is disclosed that involves positioning a metallic layer beneath a component substrate and welding the metallic layer to the component substrate using laser energy.