Abstract: Display device includes a scan driver to receive a scan start signal and to supply scan signals of a turn-on level to scan lines in response to the scan start signal; a data driver to receive grayscale values and to supply data voltages corresponding to the grayscale values and a reference data voltage to data lines; pixels connected to the scan lines and the data lines, the pixels including display target pixels configured to receive the data voltages and at least one sensing target pixel configured to receive the reference data voltage; and a scan start signal adjusting unit to detect the display target pixels among the pixels using the grayscale values and to adjust a phase of the scan start signal when at least one of the display target pixels comprises a sensing target pixel.

Abstract: An integrated circuit, a mobile phone and a display are provided with the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes a substrate, a data distributor and a data driver distributed on the substrate. A power line trace gap is provided within the data distributor; a first data line connected to the data driver and to the data distributor; and a first power line connected to the data driver and passing through the power line trace gap.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a plurality of pixels arranged in rows and columns, a plurality of gate lines in a first direction and connected to the pixels, and a plurality of data lines connected to the pixels. A number of data lines are between pixels in one row and in each of first areas adjacent to one side of the pixels in one column of a first column and the last column.

Abstract: A video input interface of a semiconductor apparatus receives a digital video signal. A decoder extracts a packet command mapped in an RGB data format to a blind area that is included within an active area of the digital video signal and that is not to be displayed on a display panel, and decodes the packet command. A processing unit executes processing according to the packet command.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to driving first light emitting diodes (LEDs) of a first color to emit light during first subframes of emission frames, driving second LEDs of a second color to emit light during second subframes of emission frames, and driving third LEDs of a third color to emit light during the second subframes of emission frames. Light emitted from the first, second, and third LEDs is directed onto a mirror that reflects the light onto a plurality of pixel locations of an image field. The first, second, and third LEDs are aligned on an array of LEDs such that the first LEDs are at a first distance away from the second LEDs, and the first LEDs are at a second distance away from the third LEDs.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a pixel circuit including a lighting element, a current source, an amplitude control circuit, a pulse width control circuit, and an internal compensation circuit. The current source includes a driving transistor, and provides a driving current to the lighting element by the driving transistor. The amplitude control circuit includes a first switch, and provides a first voltage to the driving transistor by the first switch to determine magnitude of the driving current. The pulse width control circuit provides a second voltage to the first switch to determine a pulse width of the driving current. The internal compensation circuit is coupled with the current source and the amplitude control circuit, detects a threshold voltage of the first switch, and provides the driving current to an external compensation circuit to render the external compensation circuit detect a threshold voltage of the driving transistor.

Abstract: Provided are a light-emitting diode (LED) display device and a method of operating the LED display device determining whether a line flicker will occur based on a level of an input image signal, obtaining an LED line scan order corresponding to the level of the input image signal and brightness according to the input image signal based on the determining, and driving at least one LED line based on the LED line scan order. An LED line scan order may be adjusted according to a level of an input/output image signal in an LED display device so as to reduce occurrence of a line flicker phenomenon in all levels of the input/output image signal.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a display controller and a display device, and relates to the field of display technology. The display device includes a display panel and a display controller, and the display controller includes a display driver, data storage, mode trigger and mode controller. The output terminal of the mode trigger is connected to the input terminal of the mode controller, the output terminal of the mode controller is connected to the control terminal of a signal switcher and the control terminal of the display driver, the output terminal of the signal switcher is connected to a normal display signal terminal and a standby display signal terminal connected to the data storage, and the normal display signal terminal and the standby display signal terminal are connected to the input terminal of the display driver. The display device provided by the disclosure may be used for standby display.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a pixel structure, a display panel and a control method for the display panel. Multiple pixel units could be arranged in a matrix. Each pixel unit could include a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel and a third sub-pixel. In the pixel unit, the third sub-pixel could be arranged in one line, the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel could be arranged in another line. The second sub-pixel could have a light emitting area greater than that of the third sub-pixel. The third sub-pixel could have a light emitting area greater than that of the first sub-pixel. In such a way, a pixel aperture ratio could be increased, a display effect could be enhanced and a service life of productions could be prolonged.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for estimating and compensating the aging of light emitting elements in a display panel. In one example, a method for compensating aging of light emitting elements in a display panel is disclosed. A luminance target is determined based on historical luminance losses of a plurality of light emitting elements in the display panel. An adjusted luminance loss of one of the plurality of light emitting elements is determined based on a current and a luminance loss of the light emitting element. A compensation factor of the light emitting element is determined based on the adjusted luminance loss of the light emitting element and the luminance target. A compensated current is provided to the light emitting element based on the current and the compensation factor of the light emitting element.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes first to fifth transistors, a capacitor, and a light emitting element. The first transistor is coupled between first and second power lines, and includes a gate electrode coupled to a first node and a back-gate electrode coupled to a second node. The second transistor is coupled between a data line and the first node, and includes a gate electrode coupled to a first scan line. The third transistor is coupled between a third power line and the first node, and includes a gate electrode coupled to a reference scan line. The fourth transistor is coupled between a second node and a fourth power line, and includes a gate electrode coupled to a second scan line. The fifth transistor is coupled between a first power line and the one electrode of the first transistor, and includes a gate electrode coupled to a light-emitting control line.

Abstract: Provided are a data driver and a display driving circuit including the data driver. A data driver configured to drive a display panel including a plurality of subpixels connected to a plurality of sensing lines includes: a plurality of sample-and-hold circuits configured to perform a sampling operation on a plurality of sensing signals received via the plurality of sensing lines; a switching block configured to provide a first sensing signal among the plurality of sensing signals to a first sample-and-hold circuit in a first sensing period, and in a second sensing period, provide the first sensing signal to a second sample-and-hold circuit not being adjacent to the first sample-and-hold circuit in a second sensing period; and a converting circuit configured to generate a plurality of sensing values by amplifying and analog-to-digital converting on outputs of the plurality of sample-and-hold circuits.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a scan line, a data line, a pixel circuit provided at an intersection of the scan line and the data line, a first high potential line, a first low potential line, a second high potential line, and a second low potential line. The pixel circuit includes a light emitting device, a memory circuit disposed between the first high potential line and the first low potential line, a first transistor of N-type including a gate electrically connected to the memory circuit, and a second transistor disposed between the memory circuit and the data line. The light emitting device and the first transistor are disposed in series between the second high potential line and the second low potential line.

Abstract: A compensation method for an electroluminescent display panel, a driving device, a display device, and a storage medium are provided. The compensation method includes: receiving a first display data signal; performing an optical compensation operation on the first display data signal to obtain a second display data signal; performing an electrical compensation operation on the second display data signal to obtain a third display data signal; and outputting the third display data signal for display.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a driving circuit of display device, including an output module, a signal amplification module, a plurality of signal conversion modules, a plurality of column scanning signals. The output module is used for providing a plurality of scanning signals for displaying. The signal amplification module is used for amplifying the plurality of scanning signals. The plurality of signal conversion modules are used for converting each of the plurality of amplified scanning signals into at least two column scanning signals. The plurality of column scanning signals are used for transferring the plurality of column scanning signals to a display control circuit of display device.

Abstract: Provided is shift register including signal input circuits, reset circuits and control and output circuit. Operation cycle of shift register is divided into phases non-overlapping in time, each phase includes at least first and second sub-phases. Signal input circuits are each configured to apply signal provided by respective signal input terminal to pull-up control terminal in first sub-phase of respective phase in response to signal of respective input control terminal. The reset circuits are each configured to apply first power supply signal provided by first power supply terminal to the pull-up control terminal in second sub-phase of respective phase in response to signal of respective reset control terminal. The input circuits and the reset circuits share the control and output circuit outputting a signal based on signal of the pull-up control terminal, the waveform of the signal being superposition of waveforms corresponding to signals provided by the signal input circuits.

Abstract: An array substrate includes a display area, a non-display area other than the display area, a plurality of signal lines located in the display area, and a plurality of signal line leads located in the non-display area and connected to respective ones of the plurality of signal lines. Each of the signal line leads includes a lead body and a first block connected to the lead body, and the first block has an area greater than or equal to an area of a square with a side length that is 5 times a width of the signal line.

Abstract: Provided are a display device and a driving method thereof. The display device includes: a display panel for displaying an image, based on data signals supplied from data lines; a load controller for determining a scale factor for controlling a target luminance of the image displayed in the display panel, based on a load of first image data input from the outside; and a data driver for outputting data signals to the data lines, corresponding to the first image data corrected using the scale factor. The data driver includes a plurality of data driver chips coupled to at least one data line among the data lines. The load controller determines the scale factor, based on at least one of a total load of the first image data and local loads with respect to the respective data driver chips.

Abstract: A display device that includes a first area including a display area, a second area including a non-display area, and a third area connecting the first and second areas. A demultiplexing circuit unit is disposed in the non-display area of the second area and overlaps with the first area in a direction of a thickness of the display device.

Abstract: A display device includes: first pixels coupled to data lines and a first scan line; second pixels coupled to the data lines and a second scan line; a data driver for sequentially supplying, to the data lines, first data voltages corresponding to first grayscale values of the first pixels and second data voltages corresponding to second grayscale values of the second pixels; a scan driver for supplying a first scan signal to the first scan line, and supplying a second scan signal to the second scan line; and a precharge controller for determining a width of a pulse of the second scan signal, based on a comparison result of the second grayscale values and previous frame grayscale values and a comparison result of the first grayscale values and the second grayscale values.

Abstract: A light-emitting device and display equipment are disclosed. The light-emitting device includes a light-emitting unit. The light-emitting unit includes a driving transistor and a light-emitting diode. The driving transistor includes a first terminal, a second terminal and a gate terminal. The first terminal is used to receive an operation voltage. The light-emitting diode is coupled to the second terminal and used to receive a driving current. The operation voltage is variable.

Abstract: An image display apparatus of the present disclosure includes: a light modulator that performs light modulation on the basis of data of a bit plane for each grayscale bit; and a transfer controller that divides the data of the bit plane into data of a plurality of groups and transfers the data of the respective groups to the light modulator at shifted transfer timings, the shifted transfer timings being sequentially shifted only by a predetermined shift amount corresponding to a subframe period of a least significant grayscale bit multiplied by a predetermined integral.

Abstract: A display device includes a non e-paper portion to display a first pattern element and a passive e-paper display portion to display a second pattern element juxtaposed relative to the first pattern element.

Abstract: A control circuit, a testing apparatus and a method for testing a liquid crystal display panel are provided. The control circuit includes a current sensor and a discharge signal generation circuit. The current sensor is configured to detect a change in an input current of the liquid crystal display panel to generate an indication signal, the indication signal being indicative of switching of image frames displayed by the liquid crystal display panel. The discharge signal generation circuit is configured to receive the indication signal from the current sensor, and the discharge signal generation circuit generates a discharge signal in response to receiving the indication signal, so that a liquid crystal capacitor including the common electrode and the pixel electrode in the liquid crystal display panel is discharged. Hence, the quality of images displayed by the liquid crystal display panel can be improved and the product yield can be increased.

Abstract: In a method for driving a liquid crystal display apparatus, the liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal layer divided into a plurality of pixels. Each pixel includes a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel. The method includes: when each pixel displays a grayscale gk, applying a voltage V1(gk) to the first sub-pixel and applying a voltage V2(gk) to the second sub-pixel, and setting ?V12(gk)=V1(gk)?V2(gk), where 0?gk?n, gk and n are integers greater than 0, and n represents the highest-brightness grayscale. When the grayscale gk is smaller than a predetermined grayscale gs, the voltages V1(gk) V2(gk) are applied such that ?V12(gk)>0V, and the relation ?V12(gk)>?V12(gk+1) is satisfied. When the grayscale gk is equal to or greater than the predetermined grayscale gs, V1(gk)=V2(gk) is set such that ?V12(gk)=0V and the relation ?V12(gk)=?V12(gk+1) is satisfied.

Abstract: A shift register, a method for driving the same, a gate driving circuit, and a display device are described. The shift register includes a pull-up control circuit which outputs the voltage of a signal input terminal, a pull-up circuit which outputs the voltage of a first clock signal input terminal, a pull-down control circuit which outputs the voltage of a second clock signal input terminal, or pulls down the voltage of the pull-down node, a pull-down circuit which pulls down voltages of the pull-up node and the signal output terminal to the first voltage terminal, respectively, a reset circuit which pulls down voltages of the pull-up node and the signal output terminal to the first voltage terminal, respectively, and a noise reduction control circuit which outputs the voltage of a noise reduction control signal terminal to the pull-down node in the blanking time of an image frame.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels; a source driver configured to convert RGB image data into an RGB image signal, and output the RGB image signal based on a common voltage to each of the plurality of pixels; and a timing controller configured to output the RGB image data to the source driver, and when it is determined the common voltage is changed, the timing controller may adjust the RGB image data to compensate the change of the common voltage, and output the adjusted RGB image data to the source driver.

Abstract: A display device capable of improving image quality is provided. The display device includes a first circuit, a pixel, and a wiring. The first circuit has a function of supplying data to the wiring and a function of making the wiring floating to hold the data. The pixel has a function of taking in the data twice from the wiring and performing addition. The pixel can perform the first writing of the data in a period during which the data is supplied to the wiring, and can perform the second writing of the data in a period during which the data is held in the wiring. Therefore, by one time of data charging to a source line, a data potential larger than or equal to an output voltage of a source driver can be supplied to a display element.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a smart window, a control method thereof, and a transport vehicle. The smart window may include a detector, a collector, a displayer and a processor. The detector is configured to detect whether a close-range scene exists. The collector is configured to collect position information of a human eye. The processor is connected to the detector and the collector, and configured to calculate coordinates of the close-range scene, calculate coordinates of the human eye according to the position information of the human eye, obtain a frame-extracted area according to the coordinates of the close-range scene and coordinates of the human eye, perform black insertion for pixels in the frame-extracted area in the displayer, and generate a display signal. The displayer is connected to the processor and configured to display according to the display signal.

Abstract: A display system comprises a processing circuit configured to receive image data from a video source, and generate a current image frame by generating pixel data as a function of the image data and storing the pixel data to a frame buffer. A graphic video driver is configured to display the image frame by reading the pixel data from the frame buffer and generating drive signals for the graphic display as a function of the pixel data read. The processing circuit also is configured to insert integrity data into the pixel data of the current image frame, wherein the position of the integrity data within the pixel data changes. The display system comprises a further processing circuit configured to read the pixel data from the frame buffer and verify whether the position of the integrity data within the pixel data changes.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a memory that stores a program and a processor that executes the program stored in the memory to perform a process. The process includes obtaining input image data that is generated by combining, in a horizontal direction, an effective display area of first image data and an effective display area obtained by expanding an effective display area of second image data in the vertical direction, the vertical size of the second image data being smaller than the vertical size of the first image data; and generating second output image data corresponding to the second image data by reducing the vertical size of second intermediate image data among first intermediate image data and the second intermediate image data, which are obtained by dividing the input image data in the horizontal direction, based on the vertical size of the effective display area of the second image data.

Abstract: A display device includes: a host which transmits a first signal through a first interface, and transmits a second signal through a second interface different from the first interface; a display driver integrated circuit including a first interface unit which receives the first signal through the first interface, and a second interface unit which receives the second signal through the second interface; and a display panel which receives a data signal corresponding to the first signal and the second signal from the display driver integrated circuit, and displays an image.

Abstract: A data transmission device includes a TypeC interface, a wireless module, a first data transformation chip and a microprocessor, wherein the TypeC interface is connected with the first data transformation chip, the first data transformation chip is connected with the TypeC interface and the microprocessor, and the microprocessor is connected with the wireless module. When the TypeC interface of the data transmission device is inserted into a user's terminal device, the data transmission device automatically obtains media data presented on the screen of the terminal device, and transmits the media data being converted and compressed, using the wireless module, to a data receiving device for presentation of the media data.

Abstract: A display panel is calibrated to a target white point. A maximum luminance value of the display panel is attenuated from a first luminance value associated with the target white point to a second luminance value based on an attenuation factor. The second luminance value is equal to or lower than the first luminance value. The display panel is re-calibrated based on a chromaticity of the target white point and the second luminance value to generate calibration data. The calibration data is flashed into memory associated with the display panel. During operation, the white point of the panel may be shifted from the target to a chromatically imbalanced (e.g., reddish) white point that may cause motion-induced color trail or color breakup artifacts. The attenuated second luminance value ensures the motion-induced color trail or color breakup artifacts are adequately masked when the panel is driven with the chromatically imbalanced white point.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the present invention, disclosed is an electronic apparatus comprising: a first surface; a second surface opposite the first surface; a housing including a side surface member which encases the space between the first surface and the second surface; a display panel arranged on at least a portion of the housing; a substrate including a first layer, a second layer, and at least one inner layer arranged between the first layer and the second layer; a display driving circuit which is electrically connected to the display panel and the substrate; and a power regulator which is electrically connected to the display driving circuit through the substrate, wherein the power regulator supplies power to the display driving circuit through the at least one inner layer so that the display driving circuit generates a gray scale voltage. Other various embodiments identified through the specification are also enabled.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a foldable display and a driving method thereof which activate an entirety of a screen of a flexible display panel and display an image on a maximum screen when the flexible display panel is unfolded in an unfolded state, and activate a part of the screen when the flexible display panel is folded in a folded state to display the image on a screen that is smaller than the maximum screen and to display a black color on a deactivated screen.

Abstract: A writing and/or drawing system including one or more user controllers, one or more sensors, one or more display devices, a remote system, and/or one or more setup computers each executing a setup application. The writing and/or drawing system may recognize when users come in range or go out of range and may receive one or more inputs from in range users. The writing and/or drawing system may automatically provide a user with access to information in the user's account when the user comes in range and may automatically save writing and/or drawing content to the user's account when the user goes out of range.

Abstract: In a normal state, a video input interface receives video data. In a setup state, a control input interface receives multiple items of compressed image data, and stores the compressed image data in memory. In the normal state, a decoder reads one item from among the multiple items of compressed image data from the memory according to an instruction signal that indicates graphics data to be displayed, and decodes the compressed image data thus read so as to reproduce the original graphics data before compression. A multiplexer superimposes the graphics data on the video data.

Abstract: In a normal state, a video input interface receives video data. In a setup state, a control input interface receives graphics data for an On Screen Display (OSD) function. In the setup state, an encoder encodes the graphics data, and stores compressed image data S6 thus encoded in memory. In the normal state, a decoder reads one item of the compressed image data from the memory according to an instruction signal, and decodes the compressed image data thus read so as to reproduce the original graphics data. A multiplexer superimposes graphics data on frame data, and outputs the superimposed graphics data.

Abstract: A humidity modifying auxiliary tool having a superior humidity modifying effect is provided. A humidity modifying auxiliary tool capable of being installed in a condition where the humidity modifying auxiliary tool covers a sound hole provided on a body part of a stringed instrument includes: a lid portion capable of covering the sound hole; a frame portion provided at a back side of the lid portion, the frame portion being equipped with a humidity modifying sheet retaining portion to retain a humidity modifying sheet to modify humidity of the body part.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a transducer apparatus for an edge-blown aerophone, the edge-blown aerophone having an aerophone embouchure hole. An aerophone speaker delivers sound to a resonant chamber of the aerophone via the aerophone embouchure hole. An aerophone microphone receives, via the aerophone embouchure hole, sound in the resonant chamber. A housing provides a lip plate with a housing embouchure hole independent and separate from the aerophone embouchure hole. Breath sensors sense breath applied across the housing embouchure hole. An electronic processor, connected to the speaker, receives signals from the microphone and the breath sensors. The breath sensors provide signals indicative of breath strength. The electronic processor generates an excitation signal which is delivered as an acoustic excitation signal to the resonant chamber by the aerophone speaker. The electronic processor uses the signals it receives to determine a desired musical note which a player of the aerophone wishes to play.

Abstract: A music piece analyzer includes: a beat-position-acquiring-unit configured to detect beat positions in music piece data; a snare drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a snare drum in the music piece data; a bass drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a bass drum in the music piece data; a one-beat-shift-determination-unit configured to determine whether a bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by one beat based upon the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by the snare drum detector; a two-beat-shift-determination-unit configured to determine whether the bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by two beats on a basis of the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by the bass drum detector; and a bar-beginning-setting-unit configured to set the bar beginning of the music piece data on a basis of results determined by the one-beat-shift-determination-unit and the two-beat-shift-determination-unit.

Abstract: A music beat point detection method includes: performing a frame processing on a music signal to obtain a frame signal; obtaining a power spectrum of the frame signal; performing sub-band decomposition on the power spectrum, and decomposing the power spectrum into at least two sub-bands; performing a time-frequency domain joint filtering on a signal of each sub-band according to a beat type corresponding to each sub-band; obtaining a to-be-confirmed beat point from the frame signal of the music signal according to a result of the time-frequency domain joint filtering; and obtaining a beat point of the music signal according to a power value of the to-be-confirmed beat point.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, there is provided a system and method for automatically generating a complete music work from a partially completed work provided by a user. One approach uses an artificial intelligence (AI) engine that is trained by creating incomplete works from a database of complete works and then instructing the AI to complete the incomplete works. A comparison is made between the completed works and the originals to determine the effectiveness of the training process. After the AI is trained, it is applied to the user's incomplete work to produce a final music item.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, there is provided a system and method for automatic AI controlled loop based song construction. It provides and benefits from a machine learning AI in a audio loop selection engine for the generation of a song structure and for the selection of fitting audio loops from a database of audio loops. In one embodiment, the instant method provides a music generation process that utilizes an AI system that has been trained and validated on a music item database to complete the creation of a music item given an incomplete song that was started but not finished by a user.

Abstract: A desktop application and supporting web site for capturing audio and video recordings or other digital content of differing modalities is introduced, wherein multiple participants in a collaborative session may be in separate remote locations. The application includes providing a high quality data format for transferring recordings, audiovisual data and the like to a remote network location or computer and a real-time data format for intercommunicating comments and instructions that are not recorded. Peer-to-peer and server-client implementations may be optimized regarding delivery time (latency) versus content quality. The desktop application also provides mechanisms for playing back sound, video or other data for participants' reference, along with synchronized presentations of textual, audio and visual material corresponding to the session.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing sound propagation between spaces divided by a retractable wall are disclosed. A retractable wall is configured to divide a space when deployed. An edge of the retractable wall is disposed into a track with a channel when the retractable wall is deployed. A bladder is configured to inflate when the retractable wall is deployed and to press the edge of the retractable wall. In this manner, sound propagation through any gaps is reduced.

Abstract: A wearable audio output device is in a respective physical environment and in communication with an electronic device. While one or more audio properties of the respective physical environment satisfy first audio criteria, the wearable audio output device provides audio output corresponding to the first audio criteria, the audio output including: audio corresponding to audio content from the electronic device at a first device-content audio level; and audio corresponding to ambient sound from the respective physical environment at a first ambient-sound audio level. The wearable audio output device detects a change in the one or more audio properties of the respective physical environment, and in response to detecting the change in the one or more audio properties of the respective physical environment, provides audio corresponding to ambient sound from the respective physical environment at a second ambient-sound audio level that is different from the first ambient-sound audio level.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device including a sound detector and a noise cancellation component. In the operations of the device, the sound detector is configured to receive an environment sound obtained from a microphone, and determine if the environment sound has a meaningful signal or not to generate a detection result; and the noise cancellation component is configured to perform a noise cancellation operation based on the detection result to generate an output signal to a speaker.

Abstract: An anti-noise signal generator and a method of generating an anti-noise signal are presented. The anti-noise generator includes a first microphone input to receive a first sigma-delta modulated signal at a microphone sampling frequency. The first microphone input is coupled to a combiner via a first path and a second path. The combiner is adapted to combine a first filtered signal from the first path and a second filtered signal from the second path to generate the anti-noise signal. The first path includes a first digital filter adapted to operate at a filter frequency equal or greater than the microphone sampling frequency. The second path includes a second digital filter. The first digital filter may be a sigma-delta based filter that includes a sigma-delta modulator.