Abstract: In a rolled steel bar or rolled wire rod for a cold-forged component having a predetermined chemical composition, Y1 represented by Y1=[Mn]×[Cr] and Y2 represented by Y2=0.134×(D/25.4?(0.50×?[C]))/(0.50×?[C]) satisfy Y1>Y2, the tensile strength is 750 MPa or less, an internal structure is a ferrite-pearlite structure, and the ferrite fraction in the internal structure is 40% or greater. AMOUNT IS 0.

Abstract: The method includes the following steps: a) providing a tubular sonotrode (1) formed in a material substantially inert to liquid aluminum, such as a ceramic, for example, silicon oxynitride, the sonotrode comprising a first open end region (2) and a second optionally closed end region (3), b) submerging at least some of the open end region (2) of the tubular sonotrode (1) in the liquid aluminum alloy, and c) applying power ultrasound on the liquid aluminum alloy by means of the tubular sonotrode (1).

Abstract: Methods for the treatment of metallic particles such as heavy metal particles and objects contaminated with the metallic particles. For the treatment of objects contaminated with the metallic particles, a stabilizing composition may be applied to the object with or without a fixation agent. For the treatment of free-flowing metallic particles, an agglomeration agent may be used with or without a stabilizing agent.

Abstract: Method for the secondary fusion aluminum slags treatment to obtain finished goods for agricultural, domestic and industrial use includes treating aluminous material with concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain aluminum sulfate, wherein the aluminous material comes from slags fed in lots of finite-dimension in a treatment plant of aluminum slags and includes aluminum oxides present in at least 30% by weight, the method includes: a) a first step of separating the metals present in the slags, by known methodologies, to obtain powders of metals as Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and to obtain an aluminous component in the form of aluminum grains; b) a subsequent step of treating the aluminous component, with sulfuric acid to obtain aluminum sulfate in solution and/or in form of crystals; c) a subsequent step of obtaining a solid residual portion, derived from step b), apt to be used as a refractory material in applications with thermal character.

Abstract: A molten salt electrolyzer having a metal collection chamber, an electrolysis chamber, and two or more electrolytic cell units positioned in the electrolysis chamber. Each electrolytic cell unit has a cathode having an inner space in a prism form; at least one bipolar electrode in a rectangular cylinder form and disposed in the cathode inner space; and an anode in a prism form and disposed in an inner space of the bipolar electrode. At least part of individual planes forming an outer side of the bipolar electrode closest to the cathode faces a plane forming the prism-form inner space of the cathode. At least part of individual planes forming the inner side of the bipolar electrode closest to the anode faces a plane forming the prism of the anode. At least one plane of the cathode constitutes one plane of a cathode of another electrolytic cell unit.

Abstract: A cold rollable beta titanium alloy is provided by the present disclosure that exhibits excellent tensile strength, and creep and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. In one form, the beta titanium alloy includes molybdenum between 13.0 wt. % to 20.0 wt. %, niobium between 2.0 wt. % to 4.0 wt. %, silicon between 0.1 wt. % to 0.4 wt. %, aluminum between 3.0 wt. % to 5.0 wt. %, zirconium greater than 0.0 wt. % and up to 3.0 wt. %, tin up to 5.0 wt. %, oxygen up to 0.25 wt. %, and a balance of titanium and incidental impurities. Additionally, the ranges for each element satisfies the conditions of: 6.0 wt. %?X wt. %?7.5 wt. %; and??(i) 3.5 wt. %?Y wt. %?5.15 wt. %, where??(ii) X wt. %=aluminum+tin/3+zirconium/6+10*(oxygen+nitrogen+carbon), and Y wt. %=aluminum+silicon*(zirconium+tin).

Abstract: The present disclosure generally provides 6xxx series aluminum alloys and methods of making the same, such as through casting and rolling. The disclosure also provides products made from such alloys. The disclosure also provides various end uses of such products, such as in automotive, transportation, electronics, aerospace, and industrial applications, among others.

Abstract: A sintered material for use in an internal combustion engine, such as a valve seat insert, is provided. The material includes a pressed base powder metal mixture and a Cu-rich phase infiltrated in pores of the base powder metal mixture. The base powder metal mixture includes at least one of Mo and W, and at least one additive, such as B, N, and/or C. The amount of the Mo and/or W is 50 wt. % to 85 wt. %, based on the total weight of the material. The at least one additive is present in a total amount of 0.2 to 25 wt. %, based on the total weight of the material, and the Cu-rich phase is present in an amount of 15 wt. % to 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of the material. The material also has a thermal conductivity of at least 70 W/mK.

Abstract: A coating material has Cr-rich regions having a Cr content >95% by mass which form Cr-containing particles. At least some of these particles are present in the form of aggregates or agglomerates, at least some have pores and have in the Cr-rich regions a mean nanohardness HIT 0.005/5/1/5 of ?4 GPa and/or a mean surface area, measured by BET, >0.05 m2/g. The coating material is particularly suitable for cold gas spraying. There is also described a process for the production of a coating, and to a coating produced by the process.

Abstract: A thick steel plate for high heat input welding and having great heat-affected area toughness and a manufacturing method therefor, comprising the steps of smelting, casting, rolling, and cooling. Also, the chemical composition of the steel plate satisfies 1?Ti/N?6 and (Ca+REM+Zr)/Al?0.11, where the effective S content in steel=S-0.8Ca-0.34REM-0.35Zr. and the effective S content in steel: 0.0006-0.005%; finely dispersed inclusions may be formed, and the amount of composite inclusion CaO+Al2O3+MnS+TiN in the steel plate is at a proportion of ?12%. With respect to welding in which the thickness of the steel plate is 50-70 mm, the tensile strength of a base material is ?510 MPa. and welding input energy is 200-400 kJ/cm, the average Charpy impact work of a welding heat-affected area of the steel plate at ?40° C. is 100 J or more, and at the same time, the average Charpy aging impact work of the base material of ½ thickness at ?40° C. is 46 J or more.

Abstract: A non-contact heating apparatus uses a series of rotating magnets to heat, levitate, and/or move metal articles therethrough. A first series of rotating magnets heats the metal article to a desired temperature. A second series of rotating magnets levitates the metal article within the heating apparatus and maintains desired tension in the metal article, including urging the metal article through the heating apparatus. The heating apparatus can extend sufficiently far to soak the metal article at the desired temperature for a desired duration. The rotating magnets can be positioned outside of an electrically non-conductive, heat resistant chamber filled with an inert or mildly reactive gas, through which the metal article passes in the heating apparatus.

Abstract: A nickel-base alloy is disclosed that has the following weight percent composition. C about 0.005 to about 0.06 Cr about 13 to about 17 Fe about 4 to about 20 Mo about 3 to about 9 W up to about 8 Co up to about 12 Al about 1 to about 3 Ti about 0.6 to about 3 Nb up to about 5.5 B about 0.001 to about 0.012 Mg about 0.0010 to about 0.0020 Zr about 0.01 to about 0.08 Si up to about 0.7 P up to about 0.05 and the balance is nickel, usual impurities, and minor amounts of other elements as residuals from alloying additions during melting. The alloy provides a combination of high strength, good creep resistance, and good resistance to crack growth. A method of heat treating a nickel base superalloy to improve the tensile ductility of the alloy is also disclosed. An article of manufacture made from the nickel base superalloy described herein is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making an alpha-beta titanium alloy is provided. The method includes forming a melt and solidifying the melt to form an ingot. The melt composition includes concentrations of Al from about 4.7 wt. % to about 6.0 wt. %; V from about 6.5 wt. % to about 8.0 wt. %; Si at less than 1 wt. %; Fe at up to about 0.3 wt. %; 0 at less than 1 wt. %; and a balance of Ti and incidental impurities. Furthermore, the Al/V ratio in the melt is equal to the concentration of the Al divided by the concentration of the V in weight percent is from about 0.65 to about 0.8.

Abstract: An alpha-beta titanium alloy is provided. The alpha-beta titanium alloy composition includes concentrations of Al from about 4.7 wt. % to about 6.0 wt. %; V from about 6.5 wt. % to about 8.0 wt. %; Si from about 0.15 wt. % to about 0.6 wt. %; Fe up to about 0.3 wt. %; O from about 0.15 wt. % to about 0.23 wt. %; Ti and incidental impurities as a balance. The alpha-beta titanium alloy may have a solution treated and aged microstructure and an elongation of at least about 10% at room temperature. Also, the alpha-beta titanium alloy may have an Al/V ratio from about 0.65 to about 0.8, the Al/V ratio being equal to the concentration of the Al divided by the concentration of the V in weight percent.

Abstract: Provided is an aluminum-based alloy plate steel sheet, which comprises a base steel sheet, an interfacial alloy layer, and an aluminum-based plated layer comprising a Mg—Si-based alloy phase, and in which b/a is 1-5 when the area fraction of the Mg—Si-based alloy phase contained in the aluminum-based plated layer is a and the area fraction of the Mg—Si-based alloy phase contained in the region of the lower 20% in the thickness direction of the aluminum-based plated layer is b.

Abstract: A hollow stabilizer production method of a hollow stabilizer used for a vehicle includes attaching a first mounting member and a second mounting member respectively to one end and another end of a formed steel tube and heating the steel tube. The method includes feeding a carburizing gas into the interior space of the heated steel tube through the first mounting member, and collecting the air and/or the surplus carburizing gas from the interior space through the second mounting member to thereby carburize the steel tube inner surface. The method includes rapidly cooling the heated steel tube to thereby quench the steel tube continuously from the carburization.

Abstract: A nitrided steel part excellent in bending straightening ability and bending fatigue characteristic enabling reduction of size and decrease of weight of parts or enabling demand for high load capacities to be met, using as a material a steel material containing, by mass %, C: 0.2 to 0.6%, Si: 0.05 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.2 to 2.5%, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.003 to 0.05%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.5%, Al: 0.01 to 0.05%, and N: 0.003 to 0.025%, and having a balance of Fe and impurities, having formed on the steel surface a compound layer of a thickness 3 ?m or less comprising iron, nitrogen, and carbon and a hardened layer formed below the compound layer, and having an effective hardened layer depth of 160 to 410 ?m.

Abstract: A nitrided part having excellent fatigue strength which has predetermined constituents, has structures comprised of ferrite and pearlite, has ferrite grains with an aspect ratio of a ratio of a long axis direction and short axis direction of 4.5 or more present in the entire region at a depth from the surface of the part where stress is expected to concentrate of (?×0.09+0.05) mm or less, and has an average concentration of N of 5000 ppm or more at a surface layer part from the surface down to 200 ?m in the depth direction.

Abstract: Herein is disclosed a process comprising transporting of a foil structure in a coating region in a vacuum chamber, wherein the foil structure has a thickness of less than 40 ?m; and coating the foil structure with a protective layer using a gaseous coating material; wherein the gaseous coating material comprises a metal; applying an active material on the foil structure to form a first electrode which has a first chemical potential; assembling the first electrode with a second electrode, where the second electrode has a second chemical potential; and encapsulating the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an impregnation method that includes the steps of providing a workpiece to be impregnated, placing the workpiece in a bath of impregnating agent inside a vessel, and oscillating movement of a vibrating body inside the vessel during an impregnation period. The vibrating body creates oscillating pressure changes inside the bath by acting on the bath. the method further includes removing the workpiece from the bath after the impregnation period.

Abstract: A method for producing a coating on a substrate, wherein the coating includes a PVD layer (A), deposited by cathodic arc evaporation, being a compound of the formula MexSiyAlzCaNbOc, wherein Me is one or more metals of groups 4, 5 and 6 in the IUPAC periodic table of elements. The PVD layer (A) is deposited by applying a pulsed bias voltage of from about ?40 to about ?450 V to the substrate and using a duty cycle of less than about 12% and a pulsed bias frequency of less than about 10 kHz. A coated cutting tool having a substrate and a coating is also disclosed, wherein the coating includes the PVD layer (A) with the compound of the formula MexSiyAlzCaNbOc. The PVD layer (A) is crystalline having a FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) value for the cubic (111) peak in X-ray diffraction of ?0.3 degrees (2theta).

Abstract: Provided is an oxide grain-dispersed ferromagnetic material sputtering target having a fine structure which can effectively reduce abnormal discharge and generation of particles caused by oxide grains. A sintered sputtering target contains, as metal or an alloy, 0 mol % or more and 45 mol % or less of Pt, 55 mol % or more and 95 mol % or less of Co, and 0 mol % or more and 40 mol % or less of Cr; and further contains at least two kinds of oxides. The oxides are present in the metal or alloy, and the standard deviation of the number density of oxides is 2.5 or less.

Abstract: A method of forming graphene includes placing a substrate in a processing chamber and introducing a cleaning gas including hydrogen and nitrogen into the processing chamber. The method also includes introducing a carbon source into the processing chamber and initiating a microwave plasma in the processing chamber. The method further includes subjecting the substrate to a flow of the cleaning gas and the carbon source for a predetermined period of time to form the graphene.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure pertain to a coating material comprising silicon and/or aluminum, hydrogen and any two or more of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and fluorine. The coating material exhibits a hardness of about 17 GPa or greater and an optical band gap of about 3.5 eV or greater. In some embodiments, the coating material includes, in atomic %, silicon and/or aluminum in an amount of about 40 or greater, hydrogen in an amount in the range from about 1 to about 25, nitrogen in an amount of about 30 or greater, oxygen in an amount in the range from about 0 to about 7.5, and carbon in an amount in the range from about 0 to about 10. The coating material may optionally include fluorine and/or boron. Articles including the coating material are also described and exhibit an average transmittance of about 85% or greater over an optical wavelength regime in the range from about 380 nm to about 720 nm and colorlessness.

Abstract: A cutting tool in an embodiment includes a base member composed of cemented carbide and a coating layer located on a surface of the base member. The coating layer includes a first layer which is in contact with the base member and contains Ti(CxN1-x) (0?x?1). A KAM average value of WC particles in a region extending to a depth of 5 ?m from the surface of the base member is 1° or less, which is measured by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method using a scanning electron microscope with an electron backscatter diffraction imaging system.

Abstract: A multi-layer barrier and method of formation. The method includes applying oxidation to a top of a reference layer, and depositing a plurality of different metal layers over the reference layer. The method also includes providing different oxidation doses at different temperatures to different layers of the plurality of metal layers. The method further includes performing an annealing operation after depositing at least two of the plurality of different metal layers.

Abstract: Clamping assemblies for sealing an annular chamber and reaction chamber of a reactor system are disclosed. The clamping assemblies may include actuators that are symmetrically arranged in two or more independently controllable groups of actuators.

Abstract: A method of contactlessly advancing a substrate (140), comprising: —providing a process tunnel (102), extending in a longitudinal direction and bounded by at least a first (120) and a second (134) wall; —providing first and second gas bearings (124, 134) by providing substantially laterally flowing gas alongside the first and second walls respectively; —bringing about a first longitudinal division of the process tunnel into a plurality of pressure segments (116), wherein the gas bearings (124, 34) in a pressure segment have an average gas pressure that is different from an average gas pressure of the gas bearings in an adjacent pressure segment; —providing a substrate (140) in between the first wall (120) and the second wall (130); and 1—allowing differences in average gas pressure between adjacent pressure segments (116) to drive the substrate along the longitudinal direction of the process tunnel.

Abstract: A CVD process for depositing a silica coating is provided. The process includes providing a float glass ribbon in a float glass manufacturing process. The process also includes forming a gaseous mixture including a silane compound, oxygen, a fluorine-containing compound, and a radical scavenger. The gaseous mixture is directed toward and along the float glass ribbon and is reacted over the float glass ribbon to form the silica coating thereon. The silica coating comprises silicon dioxide.

Abstract: A chemical vapor infiltration and deposition (CVI/CVD) reactor assembly includes a CVI/CVD reactor and a reactant gas feed source. The CVI/CVD reactor includes a first inlet at a first end of the CVI/CVD reactor, a second inlet at a second end of the CVI/CVD reactor opposite the first end, a first outlet at the second end, a second outlet at the first end, and a chamber in fluid communication with the first and second inlets and first and second outlets and configured to hold a substrate. The reactant gas feed source is interchangeably and fluidly connected to the first and second inlets by first and second valved gas lines, respectively.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus is provided to deposit a film including a reaction product on a substrate by repeating a supply cycle of sequentially supplying at least two kinds of reaction gases reactable with each other to a surface of the substrate in a chamber. The substrate processing apparatus includes a turntable provided in the chamber and having a concave portion for receiving the substrate formed in its surface and through-holes formed in the concave portion, a lifting mechanism including lift pins used when transferring the substrate placed on the concave portion, and a control unit configured to control the lifting mechanism. The control unit controls the lifting mechanism to carry the substrate out of the concave portion by moving the lifting pins upward in a vertical direction and inward in a radial direction of the turntable after the lifting pins contact the substrate through the through-holes.

Abstract: A holding arrangement for supporting a substrate carrier and a mask carrier during layer deposition in a processing chamber is provided. The holding arrangement includes two or more alignment actuators connectable to at least one of the substrate carrier and the mask carrier, wherein the holding arrangement is configured to support the substrate carrier in, or parallel to, a first plane, wherein a first alignment actuator of the two or more alignment actuators is configured to move the substrate carrier and the mask carrier relative to each other at least in a first direction, wherein a second alignment actuator of the two or more alignment actuators is configured to move the substrate carrier and the mask carrier relative to each other at least in the first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, and wherein the first direction and the second direction are in the first plane.

Abstract: A technique for improving stability and safety at the time of boat transfer is provided. A reaction tube configured to process a substrate, a seal cap, provided on an upper surface thereof with a substrate retainer for retaining the substrate, configured to close a furnace opening of the reaction tube, one of a first elevator and a second elevator configured to elevate the seal cap; and another of a first elevator and a second elevator configured to assist the one of the first elevator and the second elevator in elevating the seal cap.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a shower head includes a head and a magnetic field generator. The head includes a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, an internal compartment, and a plurality of holes. Each of the holes is open to the first surface and to the second surface that faces the compartment, and communicates with the compartment. The magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field inside the holes between the first surface and the second surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for forming a conductive pattern by irradiation of electromagnetic waves capable of allowing excellent formation of a conductive micro-pattern on various polymer resin products comprising a polycarbonate resin or on resin layers by a simple method such as irradiation of electromagnetic waves and plating, and capable of reducing the degradation of the physical properties of the resin products or resin layers caused by the irradiation of electromagnetic waves, a method for forming a conductive pattern using the same, and a resin structure having a conductive pattern. The composition for forming a conductive pattern by irradiation of electromagnetic waves comprises: a polymer resin comprising a polycarbonate resin; and an electromagnetic wave-absorbing inorganic additive which absorbs an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength in the infrared region and satisfies the characteristic that a laser sensitivity Ls defined by a predetermined relational expression is 1.

Abstract: A pre-treatment composition for use before etching SiGe includes an acid, an alcohol, and a silane compound having a chemical formula R—Si(R1)n(OR2)3-n in which R is (C3-C20)alkyl, (C6-C12)aryl, (C6-C12)aryl(C3-C20)alkyl, or (C3-C20)alkyl(C6-C12)aryl, R1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, (C1-C20)alkyl, halo(C1-C20)alkyl, (C6-C12)aryl, (C6-C12)aryl(C1-C20)alkyl, or (C1-C20)alkyl(C6-C12)aryl, R2 is hydrogen, (C1-C20)alkyl, halo(C1-C20)alkyl, (C6-C12)aryl, (C6-C12)aryl(C1-C20)alkyl, or (C1-C20)alkyl(C6-C12)aryl, n is an integer of 0 to 2, and the alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl of R, and the alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl of R1 may be further substituted with at least one substituent selected from halogen, hydroxyl, —N(R11)(R12), and —S(R13), where each of the R11, the R12 and the R13 is independently hydrogen or (C1-C20)alkyl.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrolytic reactor, in particular for separating phosphate from phosphate-containing liquids and recovering phosphate salts, comprising a housing, an inlet and an outlet for the liquid and two electrodes of different polarity, which enclose a reactor chamber between them, whereby at least one of the two electrodes is a sacrificial electrode and consists of a magnesium-containing material, whereby the sacrificial electrode is constructed of trapezoid bars which have a first and a second upper surface, whereby the first upper surface is smaller than the second upper surface, and whereby four lateral surfaces connect the first upper surface with the second upper surface.

Abstract: A method for coating an article, wherein a surface of the article is at least partially coated with a coating that has a multiplicity of layers, wherein at least one layer of the coating is made of a nickel phosphorus alloy and wherein a mass fraction of the phosphorus in the nickel phosphorus alloy is at least 8%.

Abstract: Provided is a surface treated steel sheet for a fuel tank, the surface treated steel sheet including: a Zn plated layer or a Zn—Ni alloy plated layer which is formed on at least a surface of the steel sheet to be an inner surface of the fuel tank; and a chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer containing a water-and-oil repellent, the chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer being placed over the Zn plated layer or the Zn—Ni alloy plated layer on the surface to be the inner surface of the fuel tank. A water contact angle on a surface of the chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer is more than or equal to 70 degrees and an n-hexadecane contact angle on the surface of the chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees.

Abstract: In a processing system for electroplating semiconductor wafers and similar substrates, the contact ring of the electroplating processor is removed from the rotor of the processor and replaced with a previously deplated contact ring. This allows the contact ring to be deplated in ring service module of the system, while the processor continues to operate. Wafer throughput is improved. The contact ring may be attached to a chuck for moving the contact ring between the processors and the ring service module, with the chuck quickly attachable and releasable to the rotor.

Abstract: One example describes a method of manufacturing Czochralski (CZ) silicon wafers. The method includes slicing an n-type CZ silicon ingot to form a plurality of CZ silicon wafers, determining a boron concentration of each CZ silicon wafer, dividing the CZ silicon wafers into sub-groups based on the boron concentration, wherein an average value of the boron concentration differs among the sub-groups, and labeling each sub-group of CZ silicon wafers with a different label which is indicative of the boron concentration.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to a susceptor support for supporting a susceptor in a deposition process. The susceptor support includes a shaft, a plate with a first major surface coupled to the shaft, and a support element extending from a second major surface of the plate. The plate may be made of a material that is optically transparent to the radiation energy from a plurality of energy sources disposed below the plate. The plate may have a thickness that is small enough to minimize radiation transmission loss and large enough to be thermally and mechanically stable to support the susceptor during processing. The thickness of the plate may range from about 2 mm to about 20 mm.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to methods for removing contaminants and native oxides from substrate surfaces. The methods generally include removing contaminants disposed on the substrate surface using a plasma process, and then cleaning the substrate surface by use of a remote plasma assisted dry etch process.

Abstract: A method of measuring a SiC ingot includes a measuring step of measuring a curving direction of an atomic arrangement plane of a SiC single crystal at least along a first direction passing through a center in plan view and a second direction intersecting with the first direction to obtain a shape of the atomic arrangement plane; and a crystal growth step of performing crystal growth using the SiC single crystal as a seed crystal, in which in a case where the shape of the atomic arrangement plane measured in the measuring step is a saddle type, a crystal growth condition in the crystal growth step is set such that a convexity of a second growth front at the end of crystal growth becomes larger than a convexity of a first growth front when an amount of crystal growth in the center of the seed crystal is 7 mm.

Abstract: A gallium nitride substrate has a surface with a diameter of not less than 100 mm, a difference being not less than 0.1 cm?1 and not more than 2 cm?1 between maximum and minimum values of wave numbers at a maximum peak of peaks corresponding to an E2H phonon mode in micro-Raman scattering mapping measurement at each of square regions having sides each having a length of 2 mm, the square regions being located at a total of five locations including a central location and four circumferential edge locations on the surface of the gallium nitride substrate, a difference being not more than 2 cm?1 between maximum and minimum values of the wave numbers at the maximum peak of the peaks corresponding to the E2H phonon mode at all of measurement points in the five locations.

Abstract: A decorticating machine comprising modular drum assemblies of different tooth and surface patterns that are installed between pairs of left and right lower and upper rails is described. The modular drum assemblies (usually provided in upper and lower drum pairs) and the number thereof can be chosen based on the particulars of the type of stalk being processed.

Abstract: Provided are fibers that have excellent mechanical properties such as strength and that do not result in the filament breakage during a manufacturing process. The fibers are vinylidene fluoride resin fibers including a plurality of vinylidene fluoride resin filaments, and having a degree of crystal orientation of 80% or more as determined on the basis of X-ray diffraction from the azimuth angle intensity distribution curve of 2?=20.8±1°, and a crystal size of 12 nm or less.

Abstract: Provided are carbon fiber bundles which have high knot strength even if the single fiber fineness is large, and which have excellent handling properties and processability. The carbon fiber bundles have a single fiber fineness of 0.8-2.5 dtex, knot strength of 298 N/mm2 or greater. This method of producing carbon fibers having knot strength of 298 N/mm2 or greater involves a heat treatment step for heat treating, for 50-150 minutes, specific polyacrylonitrile-based precursor fiber bundles described in the description in an oxidizing atmosphere rising in temperature in the temperature range of 220-300° C.

Abstract: A method for processing a strand-type fiber bundle includes sending the fiber bundle to an air nozzle of a pre-spinning machine used to produce roving. A twist is imparted to the fiber bundle via a vortex air current within the air nozzle to form the roving, wherein the roving leaves the air nozzle through an outlet and is deposited in a receptacle. Normal operation is interrupted in a stop phases during which roving is not produced by the air nozzle. A start-up phase is commenced between the stop phase and subsequent normal operation wherein the roving produced during the stop phase is discarded after leaving the air nozzle when quality of the roving does not meet a desired specification. The roving discharge is deactivated when the quality of the roving meets the desired specification and the roving removed by the roving discharge is separated from the roving.

Abstract: A stretching apparatus of fibre tows in a pressurized steam environment comprises a plurality of stretching chests (1) and associated supporting structures (3, 4, 6) arranged side by side, at the same level, on a holding frame. The stretching chests (1) are each formed by two opposed metallic half-chests (1b, 1t), delimiting a stretching chamber (2). The stretching chamber (2) has a generally rectangular section of a low height and opens outwards in correspondence of the two transversal edges of the stretching chest (1) through tow entry and exit openings. Inside the stretching chambers (2) the tows are treated with saturated or overheated steam at high temperature and pressure and simultaneously undergo a mechanical stretching operation.