Abstract: Apparatus and methods permit the use of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) oscillator in a satellite positioning system receiver, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. Techniques to ameliorate jitter or phase noise disadvantages associated with MEMS oscillators are disclosed. For example, a receiver can use one or more of the following techniques: (a) use another source of information to retrieve ephemeris information, (2) perform advanced tight coupling, and/or (3) use a phase-locked loop to clean up the jitter or phase noise of the MEMS oscillator. With respect to advanced tight coupling, an advanced tight coupling processor can include nonlinear discriminators which transform I and Q data into linear residual measurements corrupted by unbiased, additive, and white noise. It also includes an amplitude estimator configured to operate in rapidly changing, high power noise; a measurement noise variance estimator; and a linear residual smoothing filter for input to the navigation filter.

Abstract: A moving state determining device includes a receiver receiving radiowaves from a positioning satellite and a processor. The processor determines a moving state of a satellite radiowave receiving unit based on a motion state measured by a sensor which measures a motion state, and performs a positioning operation based on information received by the receiver to obtain a current position and an error range thereof. In determining the moving state, a positioning operation result obtained when the error range satisfies a predetermined accuracy standard can be used. The error range is calculated based on a positioning accuracy and a deviation of the obtained current position and a predicted position calculated in accordance with the moving state. The positioning accuracy is obtained by combining each position of positioning satellites from which radiowaves are received and each receiving state of the radiowaves.

Abstract: A radio-opaque plastic scintillator detector (PSD) for use in various medical applications and methods of making and using the PSD. The method requires coating a plastic scintillator fiber with a radio-opaque material; cutting the scintillator fiber; stripping the end of a plastic fiber optic fiber; cutting the naked end of a plastic fiber optic fiber; inserting a closely fitting guide tube over the naked end and inserting the cut scintillating fiber into the guide tube; coating the detector end of the cable with a light opaque polymer or jacket and adding a connector to the other end.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes an intermediate layer, which is arranged between a detection layer with a number of detection elements and a number of readout units. In an example embodiment of this arrangement, the intermediate layer has a plurality of electrically-conductive connections between the detection elements and the readout units. An example embodiment further specifies a medical imaging system, as well as a method of using the heating apparatus.

Abstract: A system includes reception of an a electrical signal from a light sensor, determination of a first integral over a first number of samples of the electrical signal, determination of an estimated energy of a first pulse based on the first integral, where the electrical signal includes the first pulse and a second pulse, where a portion of the second pulse overlaps a portion of the first pulse, determination of a second integral over a second number of samples of the electrical signal, determination of a second estimated energy of the first pulse over the second number of samples, determination of a residual short integral based on the second integral and the second estimated energy, and determination of an estimated energy of the second pulse based on the residual short integral.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for making an apparatus suitable for detecting X-ray, the method comprising: obtaining a wafer and a substrate; wherein the substrate comprises an X-ray absorption layer comprising a first plurality of electrical contacts; wherein the wafer has multiple dies and comprises an electronic layer comprising a second plurality of electrical contacts and an electronic system configured to process or interpret signals generated by X-ray photons incident on the X-ray absorption layer; aligning the first plurality of electrical contacts to the second plurality of electrical contacts; mounting the wafer to the substrate such that the first plurality of electrical contacts are electrically connected to the second plurality of electrical contacts; wherein the substrate further comprises a transmission line electrically bridging at least some of the dies; wherein the second plurality of electrical contacts are configured to feed the signals to the electronic system.

Abstract: Provided is an X-ray inspection apparatus that can inspect an object to be inspected with high sensitivity by using a multiple-stage X-ray sensor without widening a slit of a collimator, and can prevent the apparatus from becoming large-sized due to prevention of X-ray leakage. An X-ray inspection apparatus includes an X-ray irradiation portion having an X-ray tube generating an X-ray, an X-ray sensor having detection element arrays in a plurality of stages in a carrying direction, the detection element arrays each formed of a plurality of detection elements linearly arranged in a main scanning direction orthogonal to the carrying direction on a plane parallel to the carrying surface of an object to be inspected, a collimator restricting an X-ray irradiation region for the X-ray sensor, and an imaging condition input section that designates one or more detection element arrays to be used for inspection.

Abstract: An imaging system includes an input voltage setting unit that applies an input voltage to an Amp transistor, a setting output value acquisition unit that acquires a corresponding output for each pixel, and a calibration characteristic deriving unit that derives an input-output characteristic indicating a correspondence relationship between the input voltage and the output and derives a calibration characteristic to be used for calibration based on an inverse characteristic of the input-output characteristic.

Abstract: The invention notably relates to a method for controlling depth of a seismic cable having ballasts spaced apart along its length and providing a neutral buoyancy to the seismic cable, the seismic cable being adapted for midwater data acquisition, each end of the seismic cable being connected to a respective surface autonomous vessel exerting tension on the cable through a respective lead-in cable having a negative buoyancy, the method comprising, with respect to a target depth, varying the deployed length of each lead-in cable and/or the tension exerted on the cable by each respective surface autonomous vessel. This provides an improved solution for seismic prospecting in aquatic mediums.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for laying out a prefabricated magnetic field and a method for responding state of a slip mass in the prefabricated magnetic field. The device may include a traction mechanism, a control mechanism and a layout probe. The layout probe may include a shell, a circuit board and at least one set of layout mechanism equipped in the shell. The layout mechanism may include a cartridge, a screw pole, an electromagnet, a driving mechanism and a pressing mechanism. The traction mechanism may lay down the layout probe to a default location of a drill hole. The control mechanism may control the driving mechanism to transmit an uppermost permanent-magnet in the layout probe to the cartridge nozzle and be attracted by the electromagnet. The pressing mechanism may move the electromagnet which presses the permanent-magnet in the inner wall of the drill hole.

Abstract: An array electromagnetic tool is run in a borehole, and resulting signals are processed to provide at least one of real and imaginary conductivity components, ?R* and ?I*. The at least one of real and imaginary conductivity components is compared to a corresponding representative conductivity component of a plurality of different clay groups and a determination of clay type in the formation is made therefrom.

Abstract: A method for determining azimuthal formation information using neutron activation, wherein the formation is activated by a neutron source and the activation signal is measured by at least one detector trailing the neutron source during the logging operation. The number of detected gamma rays as a function of the detector azimuth may be used to provide azimuthal information for determining an image of the formation surrounding the borehole.

Abstract: The current disclosure is related to a downhole tool that comprises an electronic photon generator and at least one detector. The electronic photon generator comprises a cathode configured to emit electrons, a first target configured to generate photons when struck by the electrons, a second target configured to generate photons when struck by the electrons, and a beam steering device that directs the electrons to a first or second target. The at least one detector is configured to detect at least some of the photons emitted by the first target and at least some of the photons emitted by the second target.

Abstract: A droplet timing sensor that detects droplet passage timing by receiving a light from a light source unit with which a droplet is irradiated in an extreme ultraviolet light generating apparatus eliminates an influence of droplet passage on light source control for obtaining a constant light income. The droplet timing sensor includes: a light source unit configured to irradiate a droplet with an illumination light at a predetermined position; a light receiving unit (70) configured to receive the illumination light having passed through the predetermined position and detect a change in a light income; and a light source controller (301) configured to obtain a frequency distribution of light incomes measured multiple times with time using a statistical processing unit (76), and control an output of the light source unit based on a light income at maximum frequency.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are for monitoring conditions in a fluid reservoir while sealing a passage between the fluid reservoir and an adjacent environment. A first assembly has a primary barrier in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and adapted to block the passage between the fluid reservoir and the adjacent environment. A second assembly has a secondary barrier in fluid contact with the adjacent environment and adapted to block the passage between the fluid reservoir and the adjacent environment. A first inductive communication means is placed in the first assembly and a second inductive communication means is placed on an opposite side of the secondary barrier. The respective communication means are arranged to communicate with each other. A monitoring means is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and transfers information to the first inductive communication means for transferring data gathered from monitoring conditions in the fluid reservoir.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and program product model an oilfield asset by selecting, for each of multiple sectors of the oilfield asset, a sector model from among a collection of sector models, building a multi-resolution integrated asset model of the oilfield asset using the selected sector model for each of the sectors, and performing a computer simulation using the multi-resolution integrated asset model. The collection of sector models for each sector includes multiple sector models modeled at varying resolutions. In addition, the multi-resolution integrated asset model includes a surface network model that couples the selected sector models to one another. As such, different sectors of an oilfield asset may be modeled at varying resolutions to balance accuracy and turnaround time when performing integrated oilfield asset modeling.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a probabilistic weather forecasting device includes processing circuitry configured to generate, based on a plurality of ensembles each including predicted values of the first meteorological variable and a plurality of pieces of observed data each including a observed value of the second meteorological variable, a simultaneous probability density distribution of a predicted value of the first meteorological variable and an observed value of the second meteorological variable; and configured to generate, based on the simultaneous probability density distribution, first probability density distributions each being a probability density distribution of an observed value of the second meteorological variable obtained under a condition that each of a plurality of predicted values of the first meteorological variable are given at a prediction target time, and synthesize the first probability density distributions to generate a second probability density distribution.

Abstract: A system and method for improving radar based precipitation estimates using spatiotemporal interpolation is provided. In an embodiment, an agricultural intelligence computer system receives a plurality of radar based precipitation rate values representing precipitation rate measurements at a plurality of locations and a plurality of times. The agricultural intelligence computer system identifies a first non-zero radar based precipitation rate value associated with a first location of the plurality of locations and a first time of the plurality of times. The agricultural intelligence computer also identifies a second non-zero radar based precipitation rate value associated with a second location of the plurality of locations and a second time of the plurality of times. The agricultural intelligence computer system determines that the first non-zero radar based precipitation rate value corresponds to the second non-zero radar based precipitation rate value.

Abstract: An object to provide a photonic crystal capable of resonating light at more resonant frequencies within a particular frequency range. A plurality of photonic crystal structure formation bodies each including a plate-like member in which cyclic refractive index distribution is formed are provided so as to be spaced apart from each other in the thickness direction of the plate-like member, and the respective refractive index distributions of the plurality of photonic crystal structure formation bodies are set such that: at least one of the plurality of photonic crystal structure formation bodies resonates with light having at least two frequencies within the frequency range; and the two frequencies are different from resonant frequencies of at least one of the other photonic crystal structure formation bodies.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to inherently wettable silicone hydrogel contact lenses having relatively high oxygen permeability, relatively high equilibrium water content and relatively low elastic modulus. The present invention is also related to a method for making such inherently wettable silicone hydrogel contact lenses.

Abstract: To prevent the resin from oozing out during the lens molding due to the capillary action. A laminated lens structure according to the present disclosure includes: a plurality of lens structures including a substrate provided with an opening part, a lens inserted into the opening part to be fixed to the substrate, and a recessed part provided at an area in which a lateral face of the opening part and a surface of the substrate are intersected, and recessed more than the surface of the substrate. The lenses are arrayed in an optical axis direction by the substrates being joined. This configuration makes it possible to prevent the resin from oozing out during the lens molding due to the capillary action.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a black microprismatic retroreflective film. The black microprismatic retroreflective film comprises a body layer and a black color layer. The body layer includes microprismatic optical elements. The black color layer gives the black microprismatic retroreflective film a daytime color of black. The black microprismatic retroreflective film has a coefficient of retroreflectivity greater than 50 cd/lx/m2 at a ?4 degree entrance angle and 0.2 degree observation angle.

Abstract: An optical filter may include a first group of layers. The first group of layers may include alternating layers of a first dielectric material, of a group of dielectric materials, and a second dielectric material of the group of dielectric materials. The optical filter may include a second group of layers. The second group of layers may include alternating layers of a third dielectric material, of the group of dielectric materials, and a fourth dielectric material of the group of dielectric materials. The optical filter may include a third group of layers. The third group of layers may include alternating layers of a fifth dielectric material, of the group of dielectric materials, a sixth dielectric material, of the group of dielectric materials, and a metal material. The third group of layers may be disposed between the first group of layers and the second group of layers.

Abstract: Provided are a heat ray-shielding material having a frame body including a plurality of frames having a cell structure and a plurality of films attached to some or all of the plurality of frames in the frame body, in which at least some of the plurality of films shield near-infrared light, and cell sizes in the plurality of frames are larger than visible light optical wavelengths, whereby the heat ray-shielding material is lightweight, capable of selectively shielding heat rays, that is, near-infrared rays, can be applied to a variety of uses, and can be independently used as movable members, easily removable members, and members having a collapsible structure, an architectural member, a cage member, and a side surface wall.

Abstract: A wire grid polarization element includes a wire grid including a plurality of wire-shaped metal layers arranged in parallel on one surface of a substrate, and a light-absorbing layer including a germanium film containing at least one of oxygen and nitrogen is provided on a side opposite to the substrate with respect to the plurality of wire-shaped metal layers. Such a germanium film can be formed by mixing an oxygen gas or a nitrogen gas into an argon gas in film formation by reactive sputtering. In this case, a flow rate of the oxygen gas or the nitrogen gas is made appropriate and thus, a complex refraction index of the germanium film is set to an appropriate value, and a reflectance with respect to linearly polarized light vibrating in an extending direction of the wire-shaped metal layers is set to 3.0% or lower.

Abstract: A phase retarder and an optical comb filter are disclosed. The phase retarder includes a polarization beam splitter, a first air arm, and a second air arm, where the polarization beam splitter is configured to decompose a beam into a first light component propagated in a first direction and a second light component propagated in a second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; the first air arm is disposed on a second side wall of the polarization beam splitter, and is configured to receive the first light component and reflect it back; and the second air arm is disposed on a third side wall of the polarization beam splitter, and is configured to receive the second light component and reflect it back. Two light components interfere, and the interference light is emitted from a fourth side wall of the polarization beam splitter.

Abstract: A lighting device capable of illuminating an entire region of a region to be illuminated with uniform brightness and with a desired color is provided. Provided is a lighting device that extends in a first direction and illuminates a region to be illuminated that extends in a second direction intersecting with the first direction includes a light source that emits coherent light, and a plurality of hologram components each of which diffracts the coherent light emitted by the light source to illuminate the entire region of the region to be illuminated. At least one of the plurality of hologram components diffracts the incident coherent light so that illuminance at both end portions in the second direction of the region to be illuminated is higher than the illuminance at the central portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a light emitting device. A plurality of luminous dots disposed on a light guiding plate is distributed on a first area and a second area of the light guiding plate by a first density and a second density, respectively. A plurality of diffusion dots disposed on a diffusion film is distributed on a third area and a fourth area of the diffusion film by a third density and a fourth density, respectively. The first area of the light guiding plate is projected to the third area of the diffusion film, and the second area of the light guiding plate is projected to the fourth area of the diffusion film. A sum of the first density and the third density after an approximation and a sum of the second density and the fourth density after the approximation are both equal to a predetermined value.

Abstract: Embodiments provide systems, methods and apparatus for illuminating a portion of the face of a display lens proximate to and along one or more edges of the display lens. The display lens includes a transparent lens having four edges and a face surface. At least one edge includes an angle relative to the face surface configured to reflect light in the lens out of the face surface. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A display device includes a light guiding panel 2 having an incoming surface 2a formed on one of side surfaces, a plurality of light sources (3-1 to 3-4) respectively corresponding to a plurality of patterns that can be displayed, and a controller 6 for controlling on and off of the plurality of light sources.

Abstract: A backlight module includes a supporting member, a light source, a light guiding film and a colloid. The supporting member has a base plate and an extension cover plate opposite to the base plate. The base plate and the extension cover plate form an accommodating portion and a clamping portion in between. The light source is located at the accommodating portion. The light guiding film is located on the base plate. An end of the light guiding film is located at the clamping portion. The base plate has an extension portion exposed from the light guiding film. The colloid is disposed on the extension portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a backlight module, and a display panel and a display having the same. The backlight module includes a back plate, a light guide plate, and a reflective sheet. The inner surface of a periphery of the back plate is concavely formed with a groove. The light guide plate is disposed on an inner surface of the back plate, and the reflective sheet is disposed on a bottom surface of the light guide plate facing towards the back plate. The backlight module further includes a spacer. The spacer is disposed between a bottom of the groove and the reflective sheet. A top surface of the spacer facing towards the reflective sheet is closer to the reflective sheet than the inner surface of the back plate, so that a gap is formed between the reflective sheet and the back plate.

Abstract: A display device and a backlight unit are provided. A display device including a first side on which a light source is disposed to face the first side, the display device includes an optical member including a light guide plate, a light source assembly disposed adjacent to the first side of the optical member, a lower accommodation container accommodating the light source assembly and the optical member, a backlight unit disposed on the lower accommodation container and including a middle accommodation container including a central opening; and a display panel disposed on the backlight unit and the middle accommodation container, wherein the middle accommodation container includes a middle chassis located at the first side, and a middle mold fastened to the middle chassis and disposed along at least one side of the display device other than the first side, and the middle chassis is formed of a material having a greater heat conductivity than the middle mold.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments generally relate to extruding multiple layers of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape. In particular, the aspects of the disclosed embodiments are directed to a method for producing a Bragg reflector comprising co-extrusion of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit is provided that is adapted to compensate for an unintentional manufactured refractive index profile, such as a gradient, that arises due to manufacturing variance. The photonic integrated circuit including at least a thermal source and a spaced thermal sink to induce a thermal gradient in the photonic integrated circuit between the thermal source and the spaced thermal sink, the thermal gradient imparts an opposing thermal refractive index profile to correct for the manufactured refractive index profile. In some embodiments the photonic integrated circuit may be constructed with features that have an intentional structured refractive index profile that ensures any unintentional manufactured refractive index profile is correctable by the opposing thermal refractive index profile induced by the thermal source.

Abstract: A phase shift element includes a substrate and a dielectric ridge waveguide (DRW) disposed on the substrate. The DRW includes a dielectric material, and a width of the DRW is less than 500 nanometers (nm). A meta-grating includes a substrate and multiple dielectric ridge wave-guides (DRWs) disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: A method of making a grating in a waveguide includes forming a waveguide material over a substrate, the waveguide material having a thickness less than or equal to about 100 nanometers (nm). The method further includes forming a photoresist over the waveguide material and patterning the photoresist. The method further includes forming a first set of openings in the waveguide material through the patterned substrate and filling the first set of openings with a metal material.

Abstract: A system and method for manufacturing semiconductor devices is provided. An embodiment comprises using an etchant to remove a portion of a substrate to form an opening with a 45° angle with a major surface of the substrate. The etchant comprises a base, a surfactant, and an oxidant. The oxidant may be hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A wideband photonic bump (WBB), including: a positive taper of a polymer waveguide configured to further expand a light beam from an inverse taper to match a fiber optical mode of an optical fiber; a curved mirror formed on a surface of the WBB configured to reflect a light beam from the optical fiber; and a tilted flat mirror configured to direct the reflected light beam to an external optical fiber, wherein the WBB is coupled on the surface of a photonic integrated circuit (PIC).

Abstract: According to various aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus is provided. In an aspect, the apparatus includes an optical transceiver having a first port, a second port and an optical switch coupled to the first port and the second port. The optical switch is switchable between a unidirectional port operation mode and a bidirectional port operation mode. When the optical switch is in the unidirectional port operation mode, the first port is configured to send a first optical signal, and the second port configured to receive a second optical signal. When the optical switch is in the bidirectional port operation mode, the first port configured to send the first optical signal and receive the second optical signal, and the second port configured to receive a third optical signal and not send the first signal.

Abstract: An optical connector includes: a ferrule; a mechanical splice mechanically connecting an optical fiber to a shorter fiber; an optical fiber holder fixing the optical fiber in position; a joint member connecting the mechanical splice to the optical fiber holder; a housing accommodating the ferrule and the mechanical splice therein; a rear body accommodating at least a part of the optical fiber holder; and a coil spring urging the mechanical splice toward the front. The joint member is arranged in at least one of the housing and the rear body. The rear body has a guide wall to guide the optical fiber into the mechanical splice, and the guide wall is arranged between the mechanical splice and the optical fiber holder and has a tapered inner wall surface expanding from the mechanical splice toward the fiber holder.

Abstract: An optical fiber stub having a first end and a second end, wherein the outer surface of the first end has a threaded surface, and a stop surface at a base of the outer threaded surface, a receptacle cap having a tubular body with a base end and a receiving end, wherein an inner surface of the base end is similarly threaded to the outer threaded surface of the first end, so that the base end of the receptacle cap can be screwed over and around the first end of the optical fiber stub. The receiving end of the receptacle cap includes two opposing flat surfaces on an outer surface of the receiving end, so as to enable a tool to grip the outer surface of the receiving end of the receptacle cap and unscrew the receptacle cap from the optical fiber stub.

Abstract: A method for forming lenses for a fiber optic connector includes forming a mask on a photosensitive glass, the mask defining a plurality of covered portions of the photosensitive glass and a plurality of open portions of the photosensitive glass that are positioned between the plurality of covered portions, exposing the photosensitive glass and the mask to electromagnetic energy, removing the mask from the photosensitive glass, forming wafer-level lenses at the plurality of covered portions of the photosensitive glass by exposing the photosensitive glass to thermal energy, and applying an anti-reflective coating to an upper surface of the photosensitive glass.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a ferrule with an abrasive element. The apparatus includes a first mount to which the ferrule is secured, a second mount to which the abrasive element is secured, and a controller operatively coupled to at least the second mount. The second mount includes a spindle to which the abrasive element is coupled, with the spindle having a central axis about which the spindle is configured to rotate. At least one of the first or second mounts is movable within a plane such that when the ferrule and the abrasive element are brought into contact with each other, the apparatus provides three degrees of freedom of movement for processing the ferrule with the abrasive element. A method of using the apparatus to process a ferrule is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cleaning device is provided for removing debris from an end surface of a fiber optic connector. The fiber optic connectors may be a Multi Push On (MPO) or Mechanical Transfer (MT). The end surface may have a one or more ferrules with a fiber optic glass cable. The cleaning device includes a housing with a first end open to a gel that adheres to debris. A second end of the housing may be releasably attached to a protrusion or handle to insert and remove the device from an adapter receptacle. The handle may be replaced with a plug frame and protrusion so the device may be inserted into the receptacle of the adapter. The device may be placed over the end surface of the fiber optic connector that is not inserted into an adapter receptacle.

Abstract: A connector having a front and rear origination and configured to mate with a mating connector, and including a housing having one or more cavities defined therein, and having a front face with one or more orifices defined therein, wherein each of the orifices corresponds to one of the cavities and has an inner first diameter. The connector further has an optical contact at least partially disposed in one of the cavities, and comprising at least a ferrule extending from the cavity and through the orifice corresponding to the cavity, the ferrule having a second diameter less than the first diameter such that a gap is defined between the ferrule and the housing at the orifice. Finally, the connector includes a compliant member disposed at least partially in the gap and configured to suppress vibration between the housing and the optical.

Abstract: Devices and methods for connecting optical fibers are provided. In some embodiments, connectors and adaptors for two-fiber mechanical transfer type ferrules are disclosed. In some embodiments, MT connectors, such as simplex, duplex, and quad micro-MT adaptors are disclosed. In some embodiments, MT adaptors, such as simplex, duplex, and quad adaptors are disclosed. In some embodiments, optical fiber cables that modularly coupled with at least one optical fiber connector, adaptor, and other optical fiber cable the cable is configured to provide a remote release from an adaptor receptacle.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical fiber connector, comprising: a housing, a ferrule installed within said housing; an end sleeve, connecting to the rear end of said housing; and an optical cable clamp, installed by insertion within said end sleeve, being provided for the purpose of clamping an optical cable. Said optical cable is secured within said optical cable clamp, and after said optical cable clamp is inserted and secured within said end sleeve, the optical fiber of said optical cable is inserted within said housing and butt-joined with the embedded optical fiber within said ferrule. As a result of this, before the butt-joined optical fibers are locked in, the optical cable has already been secured within the optical cable clamp and fixed to the connector housing. Therefore, the butt-joined optical fibers cannot be separated due to the effects of unexpected pulling force, thus ensuring the optical fiber of the optical cable reliably abuts the embedded optical fiber.

Abstract: A structure including a photonic integrated circuit die, an electric integrated circuit die, a semiconductor dam, and an insulating encapsulant is provided. The photonic integrated circuit die includes an optical input/output portion and a groove located in proximity of the optical input/output portion, wherein the groove is adapted for lateral insertion of at least one optical fiber. The electric integrated circuit die is disposed over and electrically connected to the photonic integrated circuit die. The semiconductor dam is disposed over the photonic integrated circuit die. The insulating encapsulant is disposed over the photonic integrated circuit die and laterally encapsulates the electric integrated circuit die and the semiconductor dam.

Abstract: An optical bench including a substrate having a trench with the trench having an angled sidewall on which a reflective coating is provided. The optical bench also includes a first device and a waveguide positioned within the trench, a second device optically connected to the first device, and at least one active circuit electrically connected to the first device with the waveguide being positioned optically between the first device and the reflective coating. The optical bench also includes an optically transparent material that forms a first interface with the first device and a second interface with a first surface of the waveguide.