Abstract: A method and apparatus for reforming carbonaceous material into syngas containing hydrogen and CO gases is disclosed. In one embodiment, a hydrogen rich torch reactor is provided for defining a reaction zone proximate to torch flame. One input of the reactor receives input material to be processed. Further inputs may be provided, such as for example to introduce steam and/or gases such as methane, oxygen, hydrogen, or the like.

Abstract: A process of catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, particularly methane and/or natural gas to form a product containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide where the first catalyst comprises Co—Ni—Cr—W alloy.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for separating hydrogen from a gaseous feed stream in a polymerisation process, comprising the steps i) polymerising an olefin monomer and optionally at least one olefin comonomer, in the presence of a solvent optionally in the presence of hydrogen, so as to form a polymerisation reaction mixture comprising a polyolefin polymer, unreacted monomer(s), solvent and hydrogen; ii) separating said polyolefin polymer from said unreacted monomer(s), solvent and hydrogen; iii) feeding said unreacted monomer(s) and hydrogen to a condenser so as to form said gaseous feed stream; iv) contacting said gaseous feed stream with a hydrogen separating membrane so as to form a hydrogen-rich gaseous stream and a hydrogen-lean gaseous stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochemical method for high-temperature molten salt electrolysis in humid atmosphere. The method involves preparing hydrogen gas, metals/alloys, metal oxide compounds and metal hydrides in humid high-temperature molten salt environment. Hydrogen gas is generated by electrolyzing water in a molten salt electrolyte at above 100° C., and with a working cathode being a solid-state oxide pellet and a voltage applied to the electrolyzing cell being far lower than that in a direct electro-deoxidation process, the hydrogen gas generated reduces solid-state oxide cathodes to produce metals. The hydrogen ions in the molten salt can be prepared by hydrolysis reaction of the molten salt in a water vapor containing atmosphere. Corresponding metals or alloys or metal oxide compounds can be prepared by reducing iron oxide, molybdenum oxide, tantalum oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, titanium oxide or corresponding compound oxides and the like.

Abstract: An ozone generating device including an excimer lamp having an arc tube containing a luminescent gas, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The arc tube has a first end portion and a second end portion, a first diameter-reduced portion provided continuously from the first end portion, a diameter of which decreases as a distance from the first end portion increases, and a second diameter-reduced portion provided continuously from the second end portion, a diameter of which decreases as a distance from the second end portion increases, the first electrode is provided for an outer periphery surface of the first end portion, the second electrode is provided for an outer periphery surface of the second end portion, the arc tube is fixed via the cylindrical portion, and the first electrode is not provided over the first diameter-reduced portion, and/or the second electrode is not provided over the second diameter-reduced portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a production device and production method of an electronic grade hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution. An industrial grade hydrogen peroxide is subjected to rectification, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and finally filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane, and an electronic grade hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution is obtained. Through the above-mentioned integrated design, the disclosure overcomes the problems of small yield and low purity in the prior art, and the method for producing electronic grade hydrogen peroxide has low energy consumption, low cost and high profit, and is suitable for continuous mass production.

Abstract: An aluminum nitride plate satisfies both of a “relation 1: c1>97.5%” and a “relation 2: c2/c1<0.995” where c1 is a c-plane degree of orientation that is defined as a ratio of a diffraction intensity of (002) plane to a sum of the diffraction intensity of (002) plane and a diffraction intensity of (100) plane when the surface layer of the aluminum nitride plate is subjected to an X-ray diffraction measurement, and c2 is a c-plane degree of (002) plane to the sum of the diffraction intensity of (002) plane and the diffraction intensity of (100) plane when a portion other than the surface layer of the aluminum nitride plate is subjected to the X-ray diffraction. Moreover, in the aluminum nitride plate, a difference in nitrogen content between the surface layer and the portion other than the surface layer is less than 0.15% in weight ratio.

Abstract: A method and device for producing a solution of polyphosphoric acid from a feed solution P0 by the wet method is provided. An enriched phosphoric acid solution optionally mixed with a direct feed solution is pulverised in a flame of a combustion chamber in order to form the polyphosphoric acid solution. The combustion gases from the combustion chamber are placed in contact with the feed solution in a gas-acid contactor in order to increase the temperature and the P2O5 concentration thereof and thus to form an enriched phosphoric acid solution. A portion of the enriched phosphoric acid solution is conveyed with a flow rate of Qp into the combustion chamber in order to be pulverised in the flame. The rest of the enriched phosphoric acid solution is conveyed into a recirculation loop in order to be reinjected into the gas-acid contactor with a flow rate of Q2. The ratio of Qp/(Qp+Q2) is controlled with a predefined value.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a carbon nanotube wire includes a carbon nanotube aggregate constituted of a plurality of carbon nanotubes. In the plurality of carbon nanotubes, a mean length of the plurality of carbon nanotubes is not larger than 150 ?m, a CV value of the mean length is not smaller than 0.40, a mean diameter of the plurality of carbon nanotubes is smaller than 4 nm, a CV value of the mean diameter is not smaller than 0.18, and a proportion of carbon nanotubes with lengths not smaller than 3 ?m is not less than 60%.

Abstract: Controlled height carbon nanotube arrays including catalysts and synthesis methods relating thereto are disclosed. Such nanotube arrays can be prepared from catalyst particles having an Fe:Co:Ni molar ratio impregnated in an exfoliated layered mineral to grow carbon nanotube arrays where the Fe:Co:Ni molar ratio of the catalyst is used to control the height of the array.

Abstract: A carbon purification method (10) and a carbon product are provided. The carbon purification method (10) includes providing (12) a carbon product having a catalyst content and/or impurities, performing (14) a hydrothermal acid digestion operation on the carbon product in an acid to dissolve the catalyst content and/or the impurities, and performing (16) a filtering operation to separate the dissolved catalyst content and/or the dissolved impurities from the carbon product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device comprising physical properties controlled by a microstructure and a method of manufacturing the same. The present invention discloses a base layer having a patterned surface; and a two-dimensional structure layer formed on the patterned surface of the base layer, the two-dimensional structure layer extending on and in compliance to topography of the patterned surface of the base layer, such that change of physical properties of the two-dimensional structure layer conforms to the stress generated along the topography.

Abstract: Methods of forming graphene may include reacting a dispersed mixture, comprising fly ash, a charged heteroaromatic compound, particularly a pyridinium compound, such as a 1-(4-pyridyl)-pyridinium salt, and a solvent, particularly an alcohol, such as ethanol, with a polymeric oxidizing agent, preferably polymer-supported pyridinium chlorochromate, to form a second mixture; and contacting the second mixture at a temperature of 120 to 180° C. with a gas stream comprising at least 0.1 vol. % CH4 and at least 10 vol. % H2 to form graphene on the fly ash. Methods of managing waste may comprise using fly ash waste to produce graphene. Devices for implementing such methods may involve steel cylindrical reaction vessels including a cover through which a valve-stoppable pipe is fed, which reaction vessel is at least partially surrounded by a heating device, and suitable for handling solvent and fly ash, as well as for receiving gas inflow through the pipe.

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing a graphene/graphene oxide layer comprising the steps of: providing a suspension of graphene/graphene oxide in a suspension liquid, applying the suspension on a support, heating the suspension and the support to evaporate liquid to form a layer of graphene/graphene oxide on the support, subjecting the graphene/graphene oxide layer and the support to pressure, and subjecting the graphene/graphene oxide layer to annealing process.

Abstract: A polycrystalline element includes a table formed of polycrystalline diamond. The table includes a first surface; a second surface spaced apart from the first surface; and at least one side extending between the first surface and the second surface. The table also includes a plurality of extensions also formed of polycrystalline diamond, wherein at least one extension of the plurality of extensions extends away from at least one of the first surface and the at least one side. Optionally, the polycrystalline diamond of at least one extension of the plurality of extensions is contiguous with the polycrystalline diamond of the table. The polycrystalline element may be used in downhole tools for boring and well drilling, machine tools, and bearings.

Abstract: Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt % carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide reduction system 1 comprises a transport path 4 that transports carbon dioxide and a reduction apparatus 5 that reduces heated carbon dioxide introduced through the transport path 4, wherein the carbon dioxide is heated in the transport path 4 by at least one of recycled energy and exhaust heat.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an ultrafine bubble generating agent capable of easily generating ultrafine bubbles in a liquid without requiring an ultrafine-bubble generator, a method for producing an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid, an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid produced by the same production method, and the like. The method for producing an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid of the present invention comprises melting ice having a CO2-content rate of 3 wt % or more (preferably a CO2 hydrate).

Abstract: Organosilicon chemistry, polymer derived ceramic materials, and methods. Such materials and methods for making polysilocarb (SiOC) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) materials having 3-nines, 4-nines, 6-nines and greater purity. Processes and articles utilizing such high purity SiOC and SiC.

Abstract: A silicon granule, in particular, for the preparation of trichlorosilane, having a size of between 10 and 500 microns, and comprising: dopants in a weight fraction of less than 5 ppm; at least one co-catalyst selected from copper, iron, aluminum and calcium, in a weight fraction of between 1 and 2500 ppm; and metallic impurities, with exclusion of the at least one co-catalyst, in a weight fraction of less than 50 ppm.

Abstract: Composite oxide fine particles are produced by sol-gel method under conditions in which coarse particles and aggregated particles are unlikely to be generated, and the composite oxide fine particles are further wet-filtered using a filter to remove the coarse particles and the aggregated particles. Then, a salt is added to a dispersion of the composite oxide fine particles to produce weak aggregates of the composite oxide fine particles in the dispersion. A solid content is separated from the dispersion of the composite oxide fine particles containing the aggregates, and then dried. The solid content is easily made finer because no firm aggregates are generated during the drying. That is, composite oxide fine particles containing no coarse particles and aggregated particles are obtained. Use of a known cracking means can further reduce the amount of coarse particles.

Abstract: A method for extracting a mineral contained in biotite. The method includes a step of freezing the biotite, followed by a step of thawing the biotite. A method for characterizing a paleoalteration, in which at least one mineral is studied that is contained in cleavages of biotite extracted from a felsic rock that is at least partially altered.

Abstract: A lithium ion conductive material has a composition formula of Lia(OH)bFcBr, where 1.8?a?2.3, b=a?c?1, 0.01?c?0.11, and includes an antiperovskite-type crystal phase. Preferably, the lithium ion conductive material further includes a layered antiperovskite-type crystal phase. More preferably, 0?B/(A+B)?0.2 is satisfied, where A is the peak intensity in the vicinity of 2?=31.2° in the X-ray diffractometry using Cu-K? ray and B is the peak intensity in the vicinity of 2?=30.2°.

Abstract: A Bayer process increases oxalate removal in the red side of the Bayer process and at least substantially minimises, for example by at least substantially suppressing, precipitation of oxalates in the white side of the Bayer process.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a high purity molybdenum oxychloride by including means of sublimating and reaggregating a raw material molybdenum oxychloride in a reduced-pressure atmosphere, or means of retaining a gaseous raw material molybdenum oxychloride, which was synthesized in a vapor phase, in a certain temperature range, and thereby growing crystals to obtain a higher purity molybdenum oxychloride having a high bulk density and high hygroscopicity resistance.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing molybdenum and tungsten oxyhalide compounds which are useful in the deposition of molybdenum and tungsten containing films on various surfaces of microelectronic devices. In the process of the invention, a molybdenum or tungsten trioxide is heated in either a solid state medium or in a melt-phase reaction comprising a eutectic blend comprising alkaline and/or alkaline earth metal salts. The molybdenum or tungsten oxyhalides thus formed may be isolated as a vapor and crystallized to provide highly pure precursor compounds such as MoO2Cl2.

Abstract: A process for production of polyferric sulphate (PFS) solution comprises: a) digesting iron oxide in aqueous sulphuric acid, to form an initial reaction solution including ferrous sulphate; b) subsequently oxidising obtained ferrous ions (Fe2+) with nitric acid to convert ferrous ions to ferric ions(Fe3+); and c) oxidising evolving nitrogen oxides to nitric acid to recover nitric acid; d) wherein the molar ratio of iron to sulphuric acid is such that the obtained PFS product will be sulphate deficient.

Abstract: A portable water filtration device is provided. The portable water filtration device comprises a housing defining an interior volume, said housing comprising; an input port for receiving water under pressure from an external source, and; an output port having an open position and a closed position. The device further comprises; a filter comprising an an array of hydrophilic capillary fibre membranes, said filter being positioned within the housing so as to form a fluid path between the interior volume of the housing and the output port such that, in use, when the output port is in the open position, water received at the input port flows under a pressure differential induced by the external source through walls of the capillary fibre membranes to respective open ends of the capillary fibre membranes to the output port, and further wherein; the filter fills at least 65% of the interior volume of the housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing amorphous molybdenum oxide adsorption material and an application thereof. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of low recovery efficiency of silver ions in coexisting silver-containing wastewater in the prior art. The method of the present invention includes: 1) preparation of electrolyte; and 2) subjecting to cyclic voltammetry. The amorphous molybdenum oxide adsorption material prepared by the present invention is used as an adsorbent for adsorbing and reducing silver ions in wastewater. The invention successfully prepares amorphous molybdenum oxide (MoOx) by cyclic voltammetry, which has a highly selective reduction adsorption for Ag+. Silver ions and the adsorbent MoOx could be subjected to redox reaction to remove silver ions in water. The removal efficiency of the silver ions in wastewater by the amorphous molybdenum oxide prepared by cyclic voltammetry of the invention is up to 99.85%.

Abstract: An asymmetric system containing a first conductive polymer modified with a redox active moiety and a second conductive polymer modified with a surfactant is used for the separation of organic compounds from aqueous solutions. The asymmetric system has complementary hydrophobicity tunability in response to electrochemical modulations. For example, both materials are hydrophobic in their respective neutral states, therefore exhibiting affinity toward organic compounds. Application of a mild potential drives the desorption of the organic compounds and regeneration of the materials. The asymmetric system can be used in a cyclic fashion, through repeated electrical discharge or shorting of the two electrodes to program the capture of organics from a feed solution, and application of a potential to stimulate the release of the adsorbed organics.

Abstract: A filter for a water purifier includes a filter housing that defines an inlet and an outlet, and a filter module disposed inside the filter housing and configured to purify water received through the inlet and supply purified water to the outlet. The filter module includes a carbon block that includes a mixture of: activated carbon having a weight corresponding to 40 to 50% of a weight of the mixture, a binder having a weight corresponding to 5 to 15% of the weight of the mixture, iron hydroxide having a weight corresponding to 10 to 20% of the weight of the mixture, and titanium oxide having a weight corresponding to 30 to 40% of the weight of the mixture.

Abstract: A method and system for water purification includes a particle accelerator configured to generate a particle beam and a conduit configured to be substantially in line with the particle beam wherein said electron beam is incident on a fluid flowing through the conduit. The electron beam can be oriented to be substantially head on to the direction of flow of the fluid in the conduit. A shielding assembly can be configured around the conduit. A cartridge filtering system and contaminant filtering system can be provided to remove additional contaminants.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for using irradiated tertiary treated sewage effluent (TTSE) for use in upstream and downstream well operations are disclosed. In some implementations, the TTSE is treated with ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays or electron beam radiation, in order to sterilize the TTSE. The sterilized TTSE is utilized in a well treatment operation, such as drilling operations, completion operations, pressure maintenance operations, and hydraulic fracturing operations. Sterilization of the TTSE prior to introduction into a well prevents damage to the well, such as fouling of a reservoir or reduction in permeability of the reservoir or both.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen containing water is disclosed. An aspect of the present disclosure may provide an apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen containing water, comprising: housing having first receiving space formed therein; cylinder coupled to the housing to form second receiving space; connecting passage penetrating the housing to interconnect the first receiving space and the second receiving space; ion exchange membrane closing the connecting passage; electrolysis part comprising an anode and a cathode, the anode being disposed in the first receiving space and the cathode being disposed in the second receiving space; exhaust pipe penetrating the housing to interconnect the first receiving space and an external space; and first waterproof membrane closing the exhaust pipe and inhibiting water from being discharged while allowing gas to be discharged.

Abstract: An electrochemical membrane module for selectively removing pollutants and a preparation method thereof are provided. A Ti/SnO2—Sb substrate electrode is coated with a MI-TiO2 sol-gel by means of a dip-coating method, and then sintered to obtain a molecular imprinting type Ti/MI-TiO2/SnO2—Sb coated electrode; the coated electrode is adhered to a ceramic micro-filtration membrane using epoxy resin glue to obtain a Ti/MI-TiO2/SnO2—Sb MI-anodic conductive composite membrane; the MI-anodic conductive composite membrane is used as an anode, and a titanium mesh is used as a cathode, so that the electrochemical membrane module capable of selectively removing pollutants is obtained. The invention effectively combines an electrochemical micro-filtration membrane and a molecular imprinting technique. When the electrochemical membrane module is used, suspended particles and refractory organics in the sewage are removed, and a highly selective removal of certain refractory pollutants can be achieved.

Abstract: Systems and methods of recovering solid waste (solid waste brine) from produced water in an oil sands system for the production of oil and other hydrocarbons utilizing a fluidized bed spray granulator system to provide evaporative drying.

Abstract: The present invention provides a treatment system and method for rural black and odorous water and manure. The treatment method includes: (1) sending manure into a solid-liquid separation system, adding straws and/or saw-dust and chaff to solid obtained after the solid-liquid separation, adjusting a carbon-nitrogen ratio, sending into a solid aerobic fermentation system for aerobic fermentation, and then aging to produce organic fertilizer; (2) sending liquid obtained after the solid-liquid separation into a liquid anaerobic fermentation system for deep anaerobic fermentation; (3) sending biogas slurry after the deep anaerobic fermentation to a bio-membrane filter tank and a fibrous filter tank for treatment; (4) irrigating crops with the treated liquid or reusing the treated liquid in the farmland; and (5) soaking straws in manure slurry of a straw hydrolysis tank for hydrolysis, then pumping the softened straws to the solid-liquid separation system by using a cutting pump.

Abstract: A method of treatment of aqueous liquid contaminated by pollutants, includes (i) mixing the contaminated aqueous liquid with a mineral binder in order to produce an homogeneous slurry, (ii) depositing the slurry, (iii) letting the slurry set and harden, wherein the mineral binder includes Portland cement, and wherein the contaminated aqueous liquid includes organic pollutants.

Abstract: A method for changing filler pollutant accumulation of a constructed wetland belongs to the field of environmental protection engineering. A coupling device of a microbial fuel cell and a constructed wetland is constructed by using active carbon as a constructed wetland filler, and pond sewage enters into the constructed wetland from the top of the device in an intermittent mode. A titanium mesh is taken as an electron collector for packaging a cathode of the active carbon filler by using the characteristic that electrons are collected by the titanium mesh in a concentrated mode, after stable operation for a period of time, active carbon close to a water surface and active carbon close to the bottom of the titanium mesh are taken out for carrying out specific surface area and biomass measurement, and the accumulation distribution condition of filler pollutants inside the constructed wetland is analyzed.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system including an aeration unit, a contact tank, a dissolved air flotation unit, and a biological treatment unit is disclosed. A method of retrofitting a wastewater treatment system by providing an aeration unit and fluidly connecting the aeration unit to the wastewater treatment system is also disclosed. A method of treating wastewater including aerating wastewater with oxygen, combining the aerated wastewater with activated sludge, floating biosolids from the activated wastewater, and biologically treating the effluent is also disclosed. The method optionally includes combining the floated biosolids with the aerated wastewater and/or activated wastewater. A method of facilitating treatment of high solids content wastewater is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is related to methods, apparatuses, and compositions for controlling water hardness. The methods, apparatuses and compositions also reduce scale formation. The present invention includes substantially water insoluble resin materials. The resin materials may be loaded with a plurality of cations.

Abstract: A water purification system provides clean water for the consumption by livestock by using a continuously recirculating water loop. A circulating pump moves the water within the water loop in a flow direction. A particle filter system is fluidically connected in series and removes dissolved solids or particulates within the water. An ozone purification system and/or with the addition of other antimicrobial or purification agents is fluidically connected in parallel to a portion of the continuously recirculating feedback monitored and control water loop. The ozone purification system is disposed downstream of the particle filter system in relation to the flow direction. A feeding station is connected in series with the continuously recirculating water loop disposed downstream of the ozone purification system in relation to the flow direction. An alkaline water apparatus is disposed upstream of the ozone purification unit, connected either before or in parallel to the ozone purification system.

Abstract: A system and process for removing solids from raw, untreated liquid that combines mechanical techniques, such as via shakers, hydrocyclones and/or centrifuges, with an additive technique for removal of smaller solids. The additive is selected according to the application. In drilling mud applications, preferred additive embodiments are polyaluminum chloride or polyacrylamide flocculants. Preferably, liquid additive precursors are pre-mixed separately and are then blended before injection into the solids removal process. Some embodiments provide an externally-actuated rack and pinion mud screen lock for simplified screen lockdown on shakers. Some embodiments provide a separate preliminary processing and feed system for pretreatment of the raw, untreated liquid.

Abstract: To treat organic sludge while keeping facility costs, cement production efficiency, and a reduction in clinker production amount to a minimum. An organic sludge treatment device includes: a fractionation device 7 that fractionates a preheated raw material R2 from a preheater cyclone 4C excluding a bottommost cyclone of a cement burning device 1; a mixing device 8 that mixes an organic sludge S with the fractionated preheated raw material, and that dries the organic sludge using sensible heat of the preheated raw material; and a supply device (mixture chute 12, double-flap damper 13, shut damper 14) that supplies a mixture M from the mixing device to a calciner furnace 5 of the cement burning device or to a duct disposed between a kiln inlet portion of a cement kiln 2 and the calciner furnace.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing glass includes a furnace. A doghouse of the furnace receives and melts solid-glass forming material using one or more submerged combustion burners. An elongated tank positioned downstream of the doghouse includes a melting chamber, a refining chamber, and a thermal conditioning. The melting chamber has in inlet through which molten glass is received from the doghouse. The refining chamber is positioned downstream of the melting chamber and receives molten glass from the melting chamber. The thermal conditioning chamber is positioned downstream of the refining chamber and receives molten glass from the refining chamber. Additionally, the thermal conditioning chamber delivers molten glass to a glass forming machine.

Abstract: A submerged combustion melter and system are disclosed. The submerged combustion melter includes a bottom wall, at least one side wall extending upwardly from the bottom wall, a crown extending inwardly with respect to the at least one side wall and over the bottom wall to establish a melting chamber, an exhaust port configured to exhaust gas from the melting chamber, at least one baffle extending from the at least one side wall to divide the melting chamber into melting sub-chambers that share the exhaust port, at least one inlet configured for introducing a glass batch into the submerged combustion melter, and at least one outlet configured to remove molten glass from the at least one melting chamber.

Abstract: A device for annealing glass panes includes rollers for transporting the glass panes and two sets of slit-shaped nozzles, which run parallel to the axes of the rollers and from which cooling air can be directed onto both sides of the glass panes. In the device, cooling air acts as effectively as possible on the two surfaces of the glass pane, and anisotropies and stresses within the glass are reduced. This can be achieved by each nozzle being formed as a continuous flow channel, which extends over the width of the glass panes and on both parallel running sides of which partitions are arranged, for the forming of a flow pocket assigned to this flow channel. The cooling air that comes back from the glass panes is returned between this flow channel and the associated partitions.

Abstract: A method for forming glass ceramic articles includes heating a stack of glass sheets to a nucleation temperature to create a nucleated crystallizable stack of sheets; heating the nucleated crystallizable stack of glass sheets to a crystallization temperature; and maintaining the crystallization temperature for a predetermined period of time to produce the glass-ceramic articles. The stack of glass sheets has a mass index of less than or equal to 35.

Abstract: A method for forming a laminated glass article may include flowing a molten first glass composition having a first R2O concentration and a first fining agent with a first fining agent concentration. The method may also include flowing a molten second glass composition having a second R2O concentration less than the first R2O concentration of the first glass composition and a second fining agent with a second fining agent concentration that is greater than or equal to the first fining agent concentration of the first glass composition. The molten first glass composition may be contacted with the molten second glass composition to form an interface between the molten first glass composition and the molten second glass composition.

Abstract: Described is a process for the refinement of a quartz powder, comprising the step of separating microparticles of refractory minerals, in particular minerals containing rare earth metal compounds, from the quartz powder by an elutriation step.