Abstract: A balloon catheter comprises an elongated, tubular shaft extending in a longitudinal direction, said shaft having a proximal end and a distal end. An inflatable balloon is supported along the distal end of the shaft, the balloon when inflated including a generally cylindrical barrel section forming a working surface, and generally conical end sections that do not form a part of the working surface. The balloon further includes at least one radiopaque identifier for indicating the relative position of the working surface, said identifier being provided on at least one of the conical end sections of the balloon so as to define the extent of the working surface. Related aspects are also disclosed.

Abstract: A balloon catheter and methods of using same are provided. The balloon catheter can include an expandable structure mounted over a balloon coated with a composition. The expandable structure includes a plurality of axial struts crossing a plurality of radially-expandable rings for constraining the balloon such that isolated balloon regions can protrude through openings in the expandable structure when the balloon is inflated. The balloon catheter can be configured to maximize scraping of the composition from the surface of the balloon by the struts of the expandable structure during balloon inflation.

Abstract: A multi-layered balloon is provided where each layer is formed such that each layer is made from tubing that optimizes the inner wall stretch thus providing maximum balloon strength. The high pressure, multi-layer balloon is provided with layers that allow for slipping, such that the balloon has a very high pressure rating and toughness, yet excellent folding characteristics. Methods for producing such multi-layer balloons using existing balloon forming equipment are also provided. The multi-layer balloons can have alternating structural and lubricating layers, or layers with low-friction surfaces. The multi-layer balloons are preferably manufactured using a variety of methods including nesting, co-extrusion, or a combination of nesting and co-extrusion. The multi-layer balloons have balloon layers having substantially similar, or the same, high degree of biaxial orientation of their polymer molecules such that each balloon layer of the multi-layer balloon will fail at approximately the same applied pressure.

Abstract: In some examples, a catheter assembly includes a delivery catheter defining a delivery catheter lumen, a delivery catheter handle connected to the delivery catheter, a retrieval catheter defining a retrieval catheter lumen configured to receive the delivery catheter, and a retrieval catheter handle connected to the retrieval catheter. A proximal end of the retrieval catheter handle is configured to removably couple to a distal end of the delivery catheter handle.

Abstract: A cervical ripening system includes a balloon catheter and a fluid pump. The fluid catheter has a balloon portion configured to pass through a cervix when contracted and to engage and pressure a uterine side of the cervix when expanded by fluid. The fluid pump is in fluid flow communication with the balloon portion of the catheter and is configured to selectively expand and contract the balloon portion of the balloon catheter by alternately pumping fluid into and out of the balloon portion of the balloon catheter to repetitively increase and decrease pressure on the uterine side of the cervix to simulate natural uterine contractions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a drug delivery device comprising a body for holding a first solution and a second solution which are independent with each other; a pipeline delivery system comprising one or more pipelines for independently delivering the first solution and the second solution, respectively; a press device for sucking the first solution and the second solution into the pipelines, and a nozzle for delivering the first solution and the second solution in the pipelines to an administration site such that the first solution covers the second solution at the administration site.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating skin, comprising the following step A) and then step B): A) physically or chemically treating an epidermis of the skin; and B) forming a film containing a fiber deposit on the skin which has been subjected to the step A). When the above step B) is applied to the skin after the conventional step A), skin conditions such as inflammation, redness, and swelling caused by the step A) are alleviated, these conditions disappear more quickly, and the quality of life (QOL) of persons who have undergone the cosmetic or dermatological treatment is significantly improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device. The device includes an elongate handle having a proximal end and a distal end; a head portion extending from the proximal end of the elongate handle, the head portion having a first interior-facing surface and an opposing second exterior-facing surface; and a plurality of microneedles extending from, and perpendicular to, the first interior-facing surface of the head portion. Each of the plurality of microneedles has a base connected to the first interior-facing surface of the head portion and a free tip end. The present invention also relates to a method for stimulation of cortical bone formation using the device of the present invention.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to methods and compositions for treating skin. In some embodiments, the method uses an exfoliation tool. In some embodiments, the method uses an exfoliation tool together with selected skin care agents or compositions.

Abstract: An atraumatic trocar apparatus, system, kit, and method of use are described. The atraumatic trocar apparatus includes a cannula and an insertion obturator with an anterior rounded tip. The atraumatic trocar apparatus is assembled by passing the insertion obturator through an interior passage of a tubular cannula body of the cannula. The assembled atraumatic trocar is used to probe an incision to reach a delivery site within a patient's subcutaneous tissue. The insertion obturator is removed from the cannula and two or more medication pellets loaded within the interior passage. The insertion obturator is used to push the medication pellets through the interior passage to the delivery site and deposit the medication pellets within the patient's subcutaneous tissue in a non-linear delivery pattern.

Abstract: A medical device configured to restrict medicament dispersion within a cerebrospinal fluid flow of the patient. The medical device including an implantable catheter having a distal end configured to be positioned within a flow of the cerebrospinal fluid, a proximal end, a body defining a lumen extending lengthwise along the implantable catheter configured to enable a flow of medicament from the proximal end to an infusion port located in proximity to the distal end, and a contoured surface defined by an exterior of the body in proximity to the infusion port configured to inhibit dispersion of the medicament within the cerebrospinal fluid.

Abstract: A hemodynamic flow assist device includes a miniature pump, a basket-like cage enclosing and supporting the pump, and a motor to drive the pump. The device is implanted and retrieved in a minimally invasive manner via percutaneous access to a patient's artery. The device has a first, collapsed configuration to assist in implantation and a second, expanded configuration once deployed and active. The device is deployed within a patient's aorta and is secured in place via a self-expanding cage which engages the inner wall of the aorta. The device includes a helical screw pump with self-expanding blades, sensors, and anchoring structures. Also disclosed is a retrieval device to remove the hemodynamic flow assist device once it is no longer needed by the patient and an arterial closure device to close the artery access point after implantation and removal of the hemodynamic flow assist device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a blood pump device. The blood pump device includes: a housing having an overflow passage, and an inlet and an outlet respectively connected to the overflow passage; a rotor assembly rotatably disposed in the overflow passage; a coil disposed in a side wall of the housing; a first permanent magnet portion disposed inside the rotor assembly; a second permanent magnet portion disposed in the side wall of the housing, the first permanent magnet portion and the second permanent magnet portion forming a radial permanent magnet bearing; a piece of electric motor magnetic steel disposed inside a rotor of the rotor assembly; and a magnetic protection portion disposed at a periphery of the coil, wherein the magnetic protection portion and the electric motor magnetic steel act together to provide an axial pre-tightening force for the rotor assembly.

Abstract: A centrifugal blood pump includes a housing having a pumping chamber, an inlet having an inlet axis, and an outlet having an outlet axis. The inlet and the outlet are in fluid communication with the pumping chamber. The pump further includes an impeller rotatably disposed within the pumping chamber, and a strut connected to the housing at the inlet. The strut is connected to the housing at a circumferential position about the inlet axis such that a major axis of the strut and the outlet axis define a predetermined angle in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the inlet axis. The circumferential position of the strut relative the outlet axis reduces or eliminates damage to blood flowing around the strut.

Abstract: An electrostimulation method of at least one muscle group responsible for performing a complex movement includes associating to each of the muscles of the at least one muscle group an electrostimulation channel provided with at least one respective electrode. Each electrostimulation channel is suitable to transmit to the respective muscle bipolar electrical pulses in sequence. For all the electrostimulation channels, a same cycle time defining a repeatable period of stimulation is determined, in which, within the stimulation period, each channel performs its own stimulation sequence. Each stimulation period is sub-divided into two half-periods of equal duration. Each half-period is sub-divided into sub-intervals of the same duration. At least one of the sub-intervals is a stimulation sub-interval wherein a basic sequence of pulses including one or more pulse packets is performed, each pulse packet being given by a predetermined sequence of individual bipolar electric pulses.

Abstract: A kit for transcranial brain stimulation is disclosed. The kit comprises a headset for transcranial brain stimulation, and a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program which is executable on an electronic device having processing capabilities. The program comprises program code portions which when executed on the electronic device is configured to: store, in a computer memory, a schedule for performing the transcranial brain stimulation; and generate a control signal for the headset such that transcranial brain stimulation is performed according to the schedule for performing the transcranial brain stimulation. The headset comprises: a wireless transceiver configured to wirelessly communicate with the electronic device; a circuit comprising a first electrode, a second electrode and a power source configured to provide power to the circuit; and a controller being configured to control powering of the circuit according to the control signal.

Abstract: The disclosed electrical stimulation system generates interventions to assist patients in complying with a diet. The wearable device includes a microprocessor, electrical stimulator and at least one electrode configured to deliver electrical stimulation to the epidermis, through a range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm or a range of 0.1 mm to 20 mm of the dermis, of a T2 dermatome to a T12 dermatome or meridian of the patient, a C5 to a T1 dermatome across the hand and/or arm, and/or the upper chest regions. The device is adapted to provide electrical stimulation as per stimulation protocols and to communicate wirelessly with a companion control device configured to monitor and record appetite patterns of the patient and generate interventions. The control device is also configured to monitor, record, and modify stimulation parameters of the stimulation protocols.

Abstract: An exemplary pull wire displacement assembly includes a housing, a proximal wire stay, a distal wire stay, a slider pin, and a track. The proximal wire stay is configured to statically affix to a pull wire. The distal wire stay is configured to slidably affix to the pull wire in a manner that allows the pull wire to pass through the distal wire stay while substantially constraining radial displacement of the pull wire. The slider pin is configured to slide along the track in response to a sliding force. The track is configured to direct the slider pin along a trajectory that crosses a straight line between the proximal and distal wire stays such that, when the slider pin slides along the trajectory, the slider pin progressively displaces the pull wire away from the straight line to thereby pull the pull wire toward the housing through the distal wire stay.

Abstract: Implantable leadless pacing devices and medical device systems including an implantable leadless pacing device are disclosed. An example implantable leadless pacing device may include a pacing capsule. The pacing capsule may include a housing. The housing may have a proximal region and a distal region. A first electrode may be disposed along the distal region. One or more anchoring members may be coupled to the distal region. The anchoring members may each include a region with a compound curve.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to increasing protection against electric shocks when a person is working on an electrical system. In some embodiments, the electrical system includes at least two different circuits and a safety module. An emergency signal input is provided on the safety module, and when an external emergency signal is received via the emergency signal input, the safety module shuts off a configured first circuit the associated switch and at least one further circuit via the associated switch if the safety module still receives the emergency signal at the emergency signal input after a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: An electroporation probe has a housing supporting needles electrically linked to a coupler for an electrical drive. A cap has apertures in a distal face and aligned with the needles. The cap is movable longitudinally against a spring bias relative to the needles to allow insertion by the needles in use as the cap is pressed against patient tissue. There is a limit feature for abutting a limiter setting maximum extent of longitudinal movement relative to the housing. This allows the probe to be presented by the physician without the needles protruding and for them to be inserted up to the user-set maximum extent with maintenance of spacings due to the guiding action of the cap pressed against the tissue surface.

Abstract: An electroporation device for injecting a product into a ciliary muscle of an eye includes a support having a spherical support contact surface extending along a virtual sphere having a radius between 10 and 15 mm, a first electrode comprising a curved invasive electrode needle, a second electrode having an electrically conductive electrode contact surface, and an injection needle.

Abstract: A serviceable wearable cardiac treatment device for continuous extended use by an ambulatory patient includes a garment, a device controller, and an ingress-protective housing. The garment is configured to dispose therein a plurality of ECG sensing and therapy electrodes to monitor for and treat a cardiac arrhythmia in the patient. The device controller is configured to be in separable electrical communication with the plurality of ECG sensing and therapy electrodes and includes an impact-resistant energy core, and first and second circuit boards affixed to opposing sides of the impact-resistant energy core. The impact-resistant energy core includes a frame and at least one capacitor permanently bonded to the frame to form a unitary mass. The ingress-protective housing is configured to enable removal of the impact-resistant energy core and the first and second circuit boards during servicing.

Abstract: Small-diameter axons can be targeted for neuromodulation. A nerve modulating therapy can be configured to target the small diameter axons in a target area of a subject specifically. The nerve modulating therapy can be applied to the target area to modulate conduction in one or more small diameter axons within the target area to a greater degree than in large diameter axons within the target area. The nerve modulating therapy can be any therapy that affects an outer surface of the one or more small diameter axons (like a heat signal, a pressure wave, an optogenetic manipulation, and/or a pharmaceutical dosage).

Abstract: One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system for treating obstructive sleep apnea in a subject. The system can include a power source and a neuromuscular stimulator in electrical communications with the power source. The neuromuscular stimulator can include a controller and at least one electrode. The controller can be configured to receive certain power and stimulation parameters associated with a therapy signal from the power source. The at least one electrode can be configured to deliver the therapy signal to a target tissue associated with control of a posterior base of the tongue of the subject.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating focused currents in biological tissue is provided. The apparatus comprises an electric source capable of generating an electric field across a region of tissue and means for altering the permittivity of the tissue relative to the electric field, whereby a displacement current is generated. The means for altering the permittivity may be a chemical source, optical source, mechanical source, thermal source, or electromagnetic source.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for inhibition or treatment of an aberrant neurological event in a subject. The system comprises: one or more detectors; a controller; and one or more stimulators of the vagus nerve. The invention also provides a method for treating and preventing epileptic seizures and the onset or pre-onset of epileptic seizures. The method includes the steps of: collecting signals from each of one or more detector indicating the presence of a repetitive movement; analyzing signals received from the one or more detector to determine the intensity of the stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) required to control, moderate or prevent current and future repetitive movements; and when required, signaling one or more stimulator to stimulate the ABVN so that the repetitive motion ceases using the determined stimulation intensities.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for administering a Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) or Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) at a pulse interval of is set equal to the period of a curve that best fits a section of a person's electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded before the pulse train.

Abstract: A dichotic pulsatile and analog stimulation system, comprises a first cochlear implant device implanted in one ear of a patient; and a second cochlear implant device implanted in another ear of the patient; wherein the first cochlear implant device comprises a first speech processor configured to provide single channel analog stimulation to a first electrode array mounted to a cochlea of the one ear and the second cochlear implant device comprises a second speech processor configured to provide interleaved pulse stimulation to a second electrode array mounted to a cochlea of the other ear.

Abstract: A system and method for embedded electronics within a medical implant comprising: an implant body; a circuitry surface, containing at least one electronic component, wherein the circuitry surface is at least partially embedded within a defined cavity of the implant along at least one path; sheathing, comprising a protective structure, wherein the at least partially embedded portion of the circuitry surface is enclosed within the sheathing; electronic components connected to, or directly on, the circuitry surface, comprising a set of electrodes and an antenna; and wiring, connecting the circuitry surface and electronic components. The system and method may further include a casing, wherein the casing is a sealed structure directly connected to the implant body including a printed a circuit board (PCB) contained within the casing itself.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods that enable one to design temporal patterns for the optimal stimulation of a nervous system, one or more nerve cells, or nervous tissue. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to methods to design improved stimulation patterns and/or genetic algorithms for the optimal stimulation of a nervous system, one or more nerve cells, or nervous tissue. In one embodiment, the present invention utilizes a model-based design to achieve a more optimal stimulation pattern for use in connection with a nervous system, one or more nerve cells, or nervous tissue (e.g., a human nervous system). In another embodiment, the model-based design of the present invention utilizes a systematic search method to identify parameters (e.g., design variables) that minimize a cost function (e.g., optimize the fitness of a particular design).

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, systems and methods for managing pain in a subject. A system may include one or more sensors configured to sense from the subject information corresponding to emotional reaction to pain, such as emotional expression. The emotional expression includes facial or vocal expression. A pain analyzer circuit may generate a pain score using signal metrics of facial or vocal expression extracted from the sensed information. The pain score may be output to a user or a process. The system may additionally include a neurostimulator that can adaptively control the delivery of pain therapy by automatically adjusting stimulation parameters based on the pain score.

Abstract: A group select matrix is added to an implantable stimulator device to allow current sources to be dedicated to particular groups of electrodes at a given time. The group select matrix can time multiplex the current sources to the different groups of electrodes to allow therapy pulses to be delivered at the various groups of electrodes in an interleaved fashion. Each of the groups of electrodes may be confined to a particular electrode array implantable at a particular non-overlapping location in a patient's body. A switch matrix can be used in conjunction with the group select matrix to provide further flexibility to couple the current sources to any of the electrodes.

Abstract: A system may be used with a first neuromodulator of a first neuromodulator type and a second neuromodulator of a second neuromodulator type where the first neuromodulator is programmed with a first set of modulation parameter settings. The system may comprise an input configured for receiving the first set of modulation parameter settings for the first neuromodulator type, a processor configured to execute a programmed set of instructions to determine a second set of modulation parameter settings for the second neuromodulator type based on the first set of modulation parameter settings for the first neuromodulator type, and an output configured present the second set of modulation parameter settings for entering into a neuromodulator programmer. The neuromodulator programmer may be configured to program the second neuromodulator with the second set of modulation parameters.

Abstract: A system for monitoring and evaluating the ventricular contractility of a heart muscle includes a device for electrically stimulating the heart muscle of a patient, and an extracorporeal blood pressure sensor. A record, responsive to stimulated ventricular contractions, is created by the pressure sensor. The response record is then evaluated to identify a pressure/time, rate-change in arterial pressure (dp/dt) that results within the time duration of a ventricular contraction in a cardiac cycle. In turn, dp/dt is evaluated as an indicator of ventricular contractility and the health of the patient's heart muscle.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for evaluation and adjustment cardiac therapy. The systems and methods may initially evaluate a first pacing parameter while other pacing parameters are fixed to, for example, nominal values, and determine an effective setting for the first pacing parameter. Then, a second pacing parameter may be evaluated while the first pacing parameter is fixed to the previously-determined effective setting. Each evaluation may not test every possible setting for the pacing parameters, and instead, may utilize various processes to limit the settings to a subset of settings to test.

Abstract: Practitioners who use sacral neuromodulation on a regular basis have sought ways to simplify the procedure and performing percutaneous nerve evaluations in the office setting have become increasingly more popular. However, many practitioners are limited by the lack of availability of fluoroscopy in the office setting and do not feel comfortable executing the procedure without it, for a variety of reasons. The disclosed system and method demonstrate an avenue to circumvent the lack of fluoroscopic guidance in the office setting enabling execution of percutaneous nerve evaluations successfully and efficiently.

Abstract: Implantable medical devices have a feedthrough from the device to the outside world to pass electrical current from electronics inside the implant to the patient or vice versa. A plurality of sensors and/or signal wires in a wire bundle must connect to the feedthrough and implant in living tissue in the patient. Chemical and physical forces work against the wire connections on the feedthrough. The several embodiments of the present invention include a biocompatible cap or top, shaped to attach onto the rim of the feedthrough device. One or more wire bundle ports are included on the cap. One or two layers of a sealant such as epoxy can be injected under the cap. A first layer of epoxy can rigidly protect the wire bonds while an elastomeric silicone can cover the epoxy for a flexible protector. Other embodiments include an implant housing with a recess for the feedthrough; a top can protect the recess. One or more sealants can cover the feedthrough in the recess.

Abstract: Techniques for determining the location of a physiological midline are disclosed. A first technique evaluates the response to stimulation of spinal electrodes at peripheral electrodes on different sides of the body. In this technique, a spinal electrode's position relative to a physiological midline is determined based on a relationship between responses to its stimulation observed on different sides of the body. A second technique evaluates the response of spinal electrodes to stimulation of peripheral electrodes on different sides of the body. In this technique, a spinal electrode's position relative to a physiological midline is determined based on the different responses that it observes to stimulation on different sides of the body.

Abstract: A microcatheter wire is configured for insertion into a human heart via a human artery. The microcatheter wire has a tube shaft formed from hollow flexible tubing, the tubing comprising an outer plastic layer, a middle conductive layer, and an inner plastic layer. A proximal opening on the tube shaft receives a slideable core. A conductive collar near the proximal end is an area of the tube shaft where the outer plastic layer has been removed and the conductive middle layer is exposed for connection to a pacemaker generator. A distal ring is formed unitarily with the tube shaft, and also has an outer plastic layer, a middle conductive layer, and an inner plastic layer. The distal ring has a plurality of conductive patches along its outer curve where the outer plastic layer has been removed to expose the middle conductive layer for contacting the human heart to allow heart pacing.

Abstract: A wearable therapeutic device is provided. The wearable therapeutic device includes a garment, and the garment includes an electrode and a conductive thread. A control unit is coupled to the conductive thread and identifies an electrical connection between a conductive surface of the electrode and the conductive thread, and an alarm module can provide information about the positioning of the electrode in the garment based on the electrical connection.

Abstract: A system, device and method are provided for exposing a patient to therapeutic resonant frequency patterns (RFP) for therapy and treatment of a patient, for example, biological tissue such as muscle, tendon, ligament, and nerve tissue. The resonance frequencies originate from many bioactive substances, pharmaceuticals or other compounds, and key frequencies of the RFP of a compound can be replicated and then delivered to a patient using an electromagnetic catalyst to provide therapeutic benefits. RFPs can be imprinted in a separate device using a plasma imprinting device and method. This separate device can be actively excited by a delivery mechanism that uses electromagnetic or mechanical waves to interact with the device. The actively excited device transmits the RFPs or therapeutic resonant frequency patterns to the patient for similar enhancements and therapeutic benefits.

Abstract: An electromagnetic energy delivery system is configured to deliver energy in specific timing arrangements to improve an immune response. The electromagnetic energy delivery system may comprise a controlled electromagnetic energy source and an electromagnetic energy applicator, wherein the controlled electromagnetic energy source is configured to emit electromagnetic energy according to the specific timing arrangements as defined by a treatment profile which is configured so that the emitted electromagnetic energy stimulates and/or inhibits an immune response in a host when the emitted electromagnetic energy is delivered to the host via the electromagnetic energy applicator. A method of electromagnetic energy delivery,comprises delivering energy in specific timing arrangements to improve an immune response.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a capsule type photodynamic therapy apparatus. The apparatus has an anchor packaged with a silicone dome to anchor the apparatus to target tissue in a body by an endoscope, and includes a battery to communicate with an external device via human body communication in the silicone dome, and is repeatedly operated several times under the control of the external device to irradiate the target tissue with a therapeutic light source and thereby repeatedly treat the target tissue several times.

Abstract: Based on traditional Chinese medicine and ancient Eight-Trigram theory, a wearable five-color phototherapy device is invented for a unique painless, drug-free, non-invasive, and true green organic therapy by using light energy on some particular areas of a person's skin. There are multiple light-emitting components which is a number of light-emitting elements arranged in each of Eight-Trigram positions are designed on the bottom of this device. These multiple light-emitting components produce color of red or green or white or yellow or black or no color in each of Eight-Trigram positions. A software or App is developed to directly or remotely control and communicate with such device and provide the optimal solution for the five-color phototherapy.

Abstract: Methods and related devices for impinging light on tissue, for example within a body of a patient, to induce various biological effects are disclosed. Biological effects may include at least one of inactivating and/or inhibiting growth of one or more pathogens, upregulating a local immune response, stimulating enzymatic generation of nitric oxide to increase endogenous stores of nitric oxide, releasing nitric oxide from endogenous stores of nitric oxide, and inducing an anti-inflammatory effect. Wavelengths of light are selected based on intended biological effects for one or more of targeted tissue types and targeted pathogens. Light treatments may provide multiple pathogenic biological effects, either with light of a single wavelength or with light having multiple wavelengths. Devices and methods for light treatments are disclosed that provide light doses for inducing biological effects on various targeted pathogens and targeted tissues with increased efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity.

Abstract: Methods and related devices for impinging light on tissue, for example within a body of a patient, to induce various biological effects are disclosed. Biological effects may include at least one of inactivating and/or inhibiting growth of one or more pathogens, upregulating a local immune response, stimulating enzymatic generation of nitric oxide to increase endogenous stores of nitric oxide, releasing nitric oxide from endogenous stores of nitric oxide, and inducing an anti-inflammatory effect. Wavelengths of light are selected based on intended biological effects for one or more of targeted tissue types and targeted pathogens. Light treatments may provide multiple pathogenic biological effects, either with light of a single wavelength or with light having multiple wavelengths. Devices and methods for light treatments are disclosed that provide light doses for inducing biological effects on various targeted pathogens and targeted tissues with increased efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity.

Abstract: Methods and related devices for impinging light on tissue, for example within a body of a patient, to induce various biological effects are disclosed. Biological effects may include at least one of inactivating and/or inhibiting growth of one or more pathogens, upregulating a local immune response, stimulating enzymatic generation of nitric oxide to increase endogenous stores of nitric oxide, releasing nitric oxide from endogenous stores of nitric oxide, and inducing an anti-inflammatory effect. Wavelengths of light are selected based on intended biological effects for one or more of targeted tissue types and targeted pathogens. Light treatments may provide multiple pathogenic biological effects, either with light of a single wavelength or with light having multiple wavelengths. Devices and methods for light treatments are disclosed that provide light doses for inducing biological effects on various targeted pathogens and targeted tissues with increased efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity.

Abstract: Methods and related devices for impinging light on tissue, for example within a body of a patient, to induce various biological effects are disclosed. Biological effects may include at least one of inactivating and/or inhibiting growth of one or more pathogens, upregulating a local immune response, stimulating enzymatic generation of nitric oxide to increase endogenous stores of nitric oxide, releasing nitric oxide from endogenous stores of nitric oxide, and inducing an anti-inflammatory effect. Wavelengths of light are selected based on intended biological effects for one or more of targeted tissue types and targeted pathogens. Light treatments may provide multiple pathogenic biological effects, either with light of a single wavelength or with light having multiple wavelengths. Devices and methods for light treatments are disclosed that provide light doses for inducing biological effects on various targeted pathogens and targeted tissues with increased efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity.

Abstract: A pulsed laser skin treatment device is for laser induced optical breakdown of hair or skin tissue. The device has a light exit window to be placed against a surface to be treated such as skin during use. A feedback system is used for determining a state of contact between the light exit window and the surface. To this end the feedback system is capable of detecting a feedback signal representative for the state of contact. If the feedback signal or the state of contact is such that the risk of skin surface or device damage by the device operation is too high, the user or the device has a way to interrupt the treatment or to reduce light output to reduce or eliminate this risk.