Abstract: A floor scrubber cleaning system includes a a combustion engine powered floor scrubber using at least one rotating scrubbing brush. A tank or reservoir is used for supplying a cleaning solution for cleaning a floor. A heat exchanger heats the cleaning solution flowing from the tank using hot exhaust gasses from the floor scrubber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cleaning apparatus. The cleaning apparatus includes at least one cleaning tool for cleaning an object to be cleaned, an operating unit for a user, which includes at least one operating element for operating the cleaning apparatus, a control unit for processing operating instructions, a receptacle, arranged on the operating unit, for an external accessory that can be associated with the cleaning apparatus and that has a display device with an image display, wherein the accessory is removably positionable in the receptacle in a defined position, as well as a communication unit by way of which display information for being displayed on the image display are transmittable from the cleaning apparatus to the accessory positioned in the receptacle. The invention also relates to a cleaning system.

Abstract: Provided is a self-propelled vacuum configured so that obstacle avoidance operation can be efficiently performed and cleaning time can be shortened. A self-propelled vacuum 1 includes a laser range finder (LRF) 20 configured to sense the periphery of a vacuum body 2, and an up-down drive unit 22 configured to move the LRF 20 up and down between a protrusion position above the vacuum body 2 and a housing position in the vacuum body 2. The up-down drive unit 22 is driven to move the LRF 20 up and down.

Abstract: A sponge fixing mechanism for sponge mop includes a first fastener and a second fastener. The first fastener has a chute and a mating surface in the chute. The chute has an outlet and an inlet respectively located at two opposite ends of the first fastener. The second fastener has a mating surface and is installed in the chute and detachably fastened to the first fastener with the mating surface thereof in sliding contact with the mating surface of the first fastener. One of the first fastener and the second fastener has a latching recess recessed from the mating surface thereof. The first fastener and the second fastener are fastened together by elastically engaging the latching protrusion into the latching recess.

Abstract: An adhesive dustpan sheet and dustpan assembly for collecting dust and debris is disclosed. The dustpan sheet has a layer of adhesion on at least a side of the dustpan sheet and a tab on at least a side of the dustpan sheet configured to be received in a tab receptacle on a dustpan. The dustpan sheet may further have a plurality of stackable dustpan sheets that can be removed for disposal as dust and debris is collected in the dustpan.

Abstract: Provided is a structure of a sump assembly of a dishwasher. The dishwasher includes a tub forming a washing chamber, and a sump assembly provided at a lower side of the washing chamber and configured to store washing water in the washing chamber, wherein the sump assembly includes a sump housing having a water storage chamber storing the washing water and a sidewall portion forming the water storage chamber, and a heater provided on the sidewall portion to apply heat to the washing water stored in the sump assembly. The heater includes a planar heating element, and the planar heating element provided in a cylindrical shape forms the sidewall portion.

Abstract: A dishwasher cavity for a household dishwasher includes a bottom panel having a bottom portion, and a U-shaped dishwasher cavity jacket arranged on the bottom panel and fixedly connected thereto, with the bottom panel and the dishwasher cavity jacket configured to form an attachment flange that encircles the dishwasher cavity. A back panel is attached to the bottom panel and to the dishwasher cavity jacket via the attachment flange. The bottom panel includes a stamped step, which faces in a direction of a top panel of the dishwasher cavity jacket and protrudes out of the bottom portion of the bottom panel, with the attachment flange having a part formed on the stamped step.

Abstract: A dishwasher having a tub at least partially defining a treating chamber that receives dishes for treatment, a dish rack located in the tub and having a bottom wall and at least a side wall extending upwardly from the bottom wall, the side wall including a set of vertical tines and a shelf having a planar body extending along a length and operably coupled to the set of vertical tines and rotatable between a stowed position that is substantially vertical and a deployed position that is substantially horizontal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a washable floor mat comprising a reinforcement layer. The floor mat includes a textile component and a base component. The textile component contains a reinforcement layer which dramatically reduces and/or eliminates edge deformation that often occurs as a result of the washing process. The textile component and the base component may be joined together to form a single piece floor mat. Alternatively, the textile component and the base component may be releasably attachable to one another by at least one surface attraction means to form a multi-component floor mat. The floor mat is designed to be soiled, washed, and re-used, thereby providing ideal end-use applications in areas such as building entryways.

Abstract: Medical devices and methods related to endoscopic systems suitable for hysterectomy and other purposes.

Abstract: A steerable endoscope system is provided with an augmented view. An augmented reality display includes a rendered model of an anatomical structure corresponding to a patient anatomy pinned in the field of view, an endoscope marker moving through the virtual model, and an image from an endoscope at a location within the patient anatomy.

Abstract: A surgical instrument navigation system is provided that visually simulates a virtual volumetric scene of a body cavity of a patient from a point of view of a surgical instrument residing in the cavity of the patient. The surgical instrument navigation system includes: a surgical instrument; an imaging device which is operable to capture scan data representative of an internal region of interest within a given patient; a tracking subsystem that employs electro-magnetic sensing to capture in real-time position data indicative of the position of the surgical instrument; a data processor which is operable to render a volumetric, perspective image of the internal region of interest from a point of view of the surgical instrument; and a display which is operable to display the volumetric perspective image of the patient.

Abstract: A handheld endoscope has a disposable, single-use portion that includes a fluid hub, cannula, distal tip and is steerable by the operator though actuation of one or two levers. The endoscope also includes re-usable portion that has a handle and display module. The distal tip includes LED illumination and an imaging module that feeds live video to the display module that is rotatable to allow viewing by the operator and others. The single-use and re-usable portions mate and un-mate with each other via physically separated mechanical and electrical connectors. The single use portion can include grasper device that can be actuated by an operator using an actuation tab.

Abstract: A probe includes an articulating member with at least two vertebrae elements sequentially arranged along a long axis of the elongate ultrasound imaging probe. The articulating member includes pivots located between the at least two vertebrae elements. The pivots are disposed off-center relative to the at least two vertebrae elements. The pivots are spatially oriented to provide a pivot point for a different articulation direction of a vertebra element. The probe further includes a plurality of guides, including at least one guide for each of the respective different pivot directions. The probe further includes an actuator with a set of controls, each control configured to actuate a different pair of the plurality of guides for controlling opposing articulation directions, wherein the actuator reduces stress induced on at least one of a pushed guide or a non-activated guide, wherein the stress is induced in response to the actuator pulling a guide.

Abstract: An endoscope with a folding mechanism for foldably or bendably holding an endoscopy head at the distal end of the endoscope, preferably an endoscope shaft, having a number of axially successive segments that are adjustable via an actuating element. The segments define at least one channel for the passage of minimally invasive surgical instruments, flushing media, supply lines and the like. The segments are in the form of wedge-shaped cylinder sections having end faces oriented relative to each other in a wedge-shaped manner. Each cylinder section receives a cylinder jacket portion having a minimum axial length and an opposite cylinder jacket portion having a maximum axial length. Two directly adjacent segments are mutually oriented such that they are axially supported on or axially abut the relevant cylinder jacket portions of maximum axial length, which results in hinge- or joint-contact occurring on the support or placement point.

Abstract: A handle for endoscope including a handle housing, an operating member (7) accommodated in said handle housing, at least one guide tube (16) adapted for surrounding and supporting at least one pull wire (17), and an anchoring block (15). The anchoring block (15) comprises at least one bore (20) adapted for insertion of said at least one guide tube (16) and at least one inlet passage in fluid communication with said at least one bore.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion portion, an operation portion, a bending portion, a pair of wires inserted into the insertion portion and configured to bend at least part of the bending portion in a first direction and a second direction opposite to the first direction, a first pulling mechanism configured to pull and loosen the pair of wires, a linear member inserted into the bending portion, a second pulling mechanism configured to pull the linear member in a direction parallel to a central axis, and a holding portion configured to hold the linear member in the bending portion at a position decentered from a center in a third direction or a fourth direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital device (100) facilitating body cavity diagnosis. The device (100) enables body cavity diagnosis with or without using a speculum. The device comprises a casing (101) for enclosing a probe with additional channels (102). The additional channels (102) comprises a plurality of instruments. The probe (103) is configured for optical and digital diagnosis of abnormalities in body cavities. The probe (103) is connected to wireless communication components for displaying captured images. The probe (103) comprises an image capturing means (106) for capturing images of abnormalities in a time sequenced manner, image processing means coupled to a computing device for digital image diagnosis and angulation wires (107) for providing angulation control to the image capturing means. The casing (101) has a transparent cap (105) configured for visualizing structure of the cavity. The casing (101) comprises an expandable outer cuff (104), for separating the walls of a body part.

Abstract: An objective optical system for an endoscope includes, in order from an object side: a first group having a positive refractive power; a second group having a negative refractive power; and a third group having a positive refractive power. At least the second group is moved along an optical axis to change magnification and perform focusing under a normal observation state and a magnified observation state, the first group includes, in order from the object side: a plano-concave negative lens with a flat surface directed to the object side; and two cemented lenses, and the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: ?3.6<f1/fz1<?2??(1) where f1 denotes a focal length of the plano-concave negative lens, and fz1 denotes a focal length of the entire objective optical system for an endoscope in the normal observation state.

Abstract: An imaging unit includes: a first lens group configured to form a first optical image; a second lens group configured to form a second optical image; an objective lens group having a first region and a second region; a single image sensor configured to generate an image signal; a first holding frame having a first holding hole and a second holding hole; a second holding frame configured to hold the objective lens group; and a third holding frame configured to hold the image sensor. A depth of field of a first optical system formed of the objective lens group and the first lens group is set so as to entirely include a depth of field of a second optical system formed of the objective lens group and the second lens group and to be deeper than the depth of field of the second optical system.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an objective optical system including a lens, allowing light from an imaging subject to be incident on a distal end surface, and focusing the light onto an image-capturing surface of an image-capturing element; an elongated light guide provided adjacent to a side of the system and guiding illumination light to be emitted from a distal end; and an optically transparent distal end cover disposed at a position where the distal end of the guide is covered, wherein the distal end surface is located farther forward than the distal end of the guide, a notched portion is provided at a distal-end outer edge of a side surface of the system, the side surface being adjacent to the guide, so that the system is narrower toward a front side from the distal end of the guide, and the cover is provided so as to bulge toward the notched portion.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: a second exterior member formed by resin molding; a through hole formed in the second exterior member and having a center axis; an operating member disposed in the through hole, the operating member having a moving member configured to move along a predetermined axis; and a connecting member being fixedly mounted in the though hole, the connecting member being disposed so as to make the predetermined axis of the operating member intersect with the center axis of the though hole at a preliminarily set angle.

Abstract: To allow illumination light emitted from a light source device to optimally enter a light guide cable in accordance with a diameter of a light guide portion of the light guide cable. Provided is a medical system including medical equipment that includes an imaging unit that images an observation target, and the light source device that emits light for illuminating the observation target and illuminates the observation target with the light via the light guide cable, in which an entrance end face of the light guide cable is set to a different position with respect to a focal plane of light emitted from the light source device in accordance with the diameter of the light guide portion of the light guide cable.

Abstract: An endoscope sheath is provided comprising a sheath tube extending along a longitudinal axis between a proximal end and a distal end, the sheath tube is configured to receive at least a portion of an endoscope; a hub connected to the proximal end of the sheath tube; and a hub adapter engaging the hub and configured to engage the endoscope, wherein the sheath tube can rotate about the longitudinal axis without rotation of the hub adapter, and wherein the sheath tube is restricted from moving axially along the longitudinal axis relative to the hub adapter.

Abstract: A surgical sheath adapted for use in the nasal cavity has an elongated hollow body made of a braided material having interstitial spaces with a dimension of 0.25 mm to 1.50 mm. The interstitial spaces filled with a filling material, such as silicone. The sheath has a low profile configuration during placement into the naris, and may be stretched into an expanded configuration. In methods of placing the sheath in the naris, the sheath is folded and then pulled into the naris using a surgical tool.

Abstract: A stereo endoscope for capturing a first image which is provided to be observed by a first eye and a second image which is provided to be observed by a second eye, including a shaft with a distal end region, a first image sensor in the distal end region of the shaft, for capturing the first image, and a second image sensor in the distal end region of the shaft, for capturing the second image. The first image sensor and the second image sensor are arranged offset relative to one another in a direction which is parallel to at least either a light-sensitive layer of the first image sensor or a light-sensitive layer of the second image sensor and which is orthogonal to a longitudinal axis the distal end region of the shaft. The first image sensor and the second image sensor are oriented in opposite directions.

Abstract: A device for distending a body lumen for enhanced visualization with a capsule endoscope includes a plurality of struts configured to extend from the capsule endoscope, a retention mechanism configured to attach the plurality of struts to the capsule endoscope, and a trigger configured to release the retention mechanism.

Abstract: Infrared imaging devices are provided which are configured to implement side-scan infrared imaging for, e.g., medical applications. For example, an imaging device includes a ring-shaped detector element comprising a circular array of infrared detectors configured to detect thermal infrared radiation, and a focusing element configured to focus incident infrared radiation towards the circular array of infrared detectors. The imaging device can be an ingestible imaging device (e.g., swallowable camera) or the imaging device can be implemented as part of an endoscope device, for example.

Abstract: A method executed by a system for selecting images from a plurality of image groups originating from a plurality of QC imagers of an in-vivo device includes calculating, or otherwise associating, a general score (GS) for images of each image group, to indicate the probability that each image includes at least one pathology, dividing each image group into image subgroups, identifying a set Set(i) of maximum general scores (MGSs), a MGS for each image subgroup of each image group; and selecting images for processing by identifying a MGS|max in each set S(i) of MGSs; identifying the greatest MGS|max and selecting the image related to the greatest MGS1max. The method further includes modifying the set Set(i) of MGSs related to the selected image, and repeating the steps described above until a predetermined criterion selected from a group consisting of a number N of images and a score threshold is met.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting visible and infrared light using a medical imaging system, said medical imaging system comprising a camera module configured to receive a visible light signal and at least one infrared light signal from an object image. The medical imaging system for detecting visible and comprises an input for visible light for illuminating a tissue; an input for excitation light for exciting a fluorescence agent in the tissue; a camera module configured to receive a visible light signal and at least one infrared light signal from an object image in the tissue. The camera module comprises at least a first, second, and third optical path for directing light from the object image to a first, second, and third filter and sensor combination respectively. In any order, the first, second, and third filters are a green filter, an infrared filter, and a red/blue patterned filter comprising red and blue filters in alternating pattern.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source apparatus configured to generate first/second illumination light, an image pickup apparatus, a switching instruction device configured to be able to set one of a first observation mode in which an image obtained by image pickup of an object illuminated with the first illumination light is displayed and a second observation mode in which an image obtained by processing a color/pattern of an image obtained by image pickup of the object illuminated with the second illumination light is displayed and a processor configured to calculate a feature value indicating movement of a distal end portion of an endoscope and disable an instruction for setting the second observation mode when the feature value is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A wireless imaging system comprising a head unit and a light cable is provided. The head unit comprises a head unit case, a head unit electrical connector, an image sensor, a wireless transceiver, a central processing unit, and a user-input component. The light cable comprises a light cable electrical connector, a power cable, and an integrated light source. The integrated light source comprises an emissive radiation source having a first spectrum, an optical element located to direct emissions from the emissive radiation source, a volumetric spectrum converter, and an optical reflector located about the converter. The converter converts emissions directed from the emissive radiation source to emissions having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum. The reflector reflects the converter emissions towards the output filter.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus for endoscope includes an optical member that is a hybrid lens element in which a plurality of optical elements are bonded to each other, at least any one of the plurality of optical elements including a resin lens disposed on a principal surface of a parallel flat glass plate, and an image pickup member that receives an object image brought into focus by the optical member. A surface of the resin lens and the principal surface around the resin lens are covered with a transparent inorganic film such that a boundary between the surface of the resin lens and the principal surface around the resin lens is also covered with the inorganic film.

Abstract: The endoscope system includes: a laser diode for an endoscope that emits illumination light whose amount can be controlled; an image pickup device that outputs an image pickup signal of an image obtained by receiving reflected light of the illumination light; a photodiode that receives a part of the illumination light of the laser diode; a thermistor that detects a temperature of the laser diode; a thermistor that detects a temperature of the photodiode; a detection light amount temperature correction circuit that corrects an amount of light received by the photodiode based on the temperature of the photodiode; and a laser diode control circuit that controls driving of the laser diode so that an amount of the illumination light becomes a set value based on a corrected amount of received light corrected by the detection light amount temperature correction circuit and the temperature of the laser diode.

Abstract: An optical scope includes a body and an elongated shaft. The shaft distal end holds an optical assembly including an imaging lens with a field of view of at least 90 degrees. An LED is coupled to the body and has an output numerical aperture (NA) providing a critical angle larger than the field of view. A first pair of fiber bundles have proximal ends receiving light from the LED with distal ends presented at the shaft distal face, and an NA providing a critical angle less than the field of view. A second pair of fiber bundles also receive light from the LED with distal ends having at the shaft distal face, and have an NA providing a critical angle at least as large as the field of view. The bundles are positioned around imaging lens such that they create a light having a desired intensity profile and properties.

Abstract: A medical imaging device, comprising a illumination unit, can be configured to illuminate a tissue area with light from a first spectral range, comprising a range of visible wavelengths, and with light from a second spectral range, which is different from the first spectral range, an imaging unit, configured to detect light from the first spectral range and to generate a first image of the tissue area on the basis of the detected light from the first spectral range and furthermore configured to detect light from the second spectral range and to generate a second image of the tissue area on the basis of the detected light from the second spectral range, and a superposition unit, configured to generate a superimposed image on the basis of the first and second image in such a way that, in the superimposed image, on the basis of a visual highlighting, it is possible to identify whether and where the tissue area comprises highlight regions which are characterized by an increased emission of light from the second s

Abstract: A laryngoscope has a handle including an electromagnetic coil, and a blade, and one or more electrical components including at least one of a light emitting diode (LED) and/or an image sensor. The one or more electrical components are operatively connected to be powered by electrical current induced in the electromagnetic coil by near field magnetic induction. A laryngoscope system includes the laryngoscope and a radio frequency (RF) power generator configured to induce the electrical current in the electromagnetic coil of the laryngoscope. The RF power generator may include a transmitting coil resonant at the same RF frequency as the electromagnetic coil of the laryngoscope. In a direct observation laryngoscope embodiment, the one or more electrical components includes the LED. In a video laryngoscope embodiment, the one or more electrical components includes the image sensor and a radio transmitter to transmit video acquired by the image sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to indirect diagnosis of deficiency of Vitamin A, without taking blood sample. The instrument combines two simple principles for full functionality, An individual having Vitamin A deficiency can be differentiated from a healthy person on 2 basis: (1) The ability to clearly identify pictorial representation of an object in the environment having low amount of light intensity; and (2) The time being taken for eyes to adapt to a significantly different lighting situation. The standardization of the instrument has to be done in nearby area in relatively healthy population having rich diet in vitamin A or it is to be adopted based on findings of other area, The diagnosis can be confirmed after repeating the same set of tests, after giving vitamin A in appropriate dosages, and allowing enough time to pass for that dosage to take an effect (generally, 1 to 2 weeks).

Abstract: A gaze detection apparatus performs a calibration operation including displaying a target image in multiple positions on a display screen sequentially, setting, in the display screen, corresponding areas corresponding to the target images displayed on the display screen sequentially, and calculating positional data of points of regard in display periods in which the respective target images are displayed; and determines, with respect to each of the target images, whether the positional data of the point of regard that is calculated in the calibration operation is present within the corresponding area.

Abstract: Implantable pressure sensors and implantable electronics should be packaged in hermetically sealed modules with biocompatible surfaces before being implanted. Packaging designs should be compact and cause little to no interference with the mechanical (and optical) properties or functions of the implant. For a pressure sensor in an intraocular lens, this means that the sensor and packaging should allow the lens to be folded so that it can be implanted through a small incision in the eye. An inventive implantable pressure sensor is coated with a silicone elastomer and hermetically sealed by a multilayer coating of SiOx and Parylene C, which may also encapsulate other components, including a microcontroller or processor, rechargeable batteries, sensors, resistors, capacitors, wireless transceivers, and/or antennas mounted on a transparent substrate.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are disclosed for wireless communication of analyte data. One such method includes, during a first interval, establishing a first connection between an analyte sensor system and a display device. During the first connection, the method includes exchanging information related to authentication between the analyte sensor system and the display device. The method includes making a determination regarding whether authentication was performed during the first interval. During a second interval, the method may include establishing a second connection between the analyte sensor system and the display device for transmission of an encrypted analyte value, and bypassing the exchanging of information related to authentication performed during the first connection.

Abstract: An electrode unit for measuring physiological electrical activity in a subject is provided. The electrode unit comprises a base material, an electrode, a connector, a conductive ribbon, a space limiting module, and a film. The base material includes a first base material layer and a second base material layer. The electrode is inserted in an opening of the first base material layer. The conductive ribbon is placed on the first base material layer. The conductive ribbon connects the electrode and the connector. The connector is placed inside the space limiting module. The space limiting module is placed inside an opening of the film. The second base material layer is placed on top of the conductive ribbon. The film is placed over the first base material layer and the second base material layer.

Abstract: A personnel monitoring and reporting system for monitoring, reporting, and displaying real-time field data including personnel health status, location, role, and other information. The personnel monitoring and reporting system generally includes a personnel system including a computing unit which is worn by each operator in the field. The computing unit may include sensors and a rip cord for indicating health status of the operator. The computing unit may be connected to a personnel display unit worn on the wrist of the operator with a display screen which displays health status, location, and other information relating to both the operator and team members. The computing unit may also be connected to a laser targeting system equipped to a weapon for highlighting targets of interest.

Abstract: Techniques for use with an implantable medical device (IMD) reduce how often a first receiver of the IMD wakes up a second receiver thereof to reduce power consumption. A received message and/or a channel over which messages can be received is/are examined, and a value is adjusted based on results thereof. After being adjusted, the value is compared to a first threshold if the IMD is in a normal state, or compared to a second threshold if the IMD is in a noise state. If in the normal state, there is a determination whether to stay in the normal state or switch to the noise state. If in the noise state, there is a determination whether to stay in the noise state or switch to the normal state. At least the second receiver is temporarily put to sleep, if the IMD is maintained in or switched to the noise state.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for determining one or more cardiac arrhythmia targets for ablation. The method may include receiving one or more mappings, identifying an abnormality in the one or more mappings, combining the one or more mappings, and defining the one or more cardiac arrhythmia targets based on an overlap of the identified abnormality in the combined one or more mappings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device, system and method for less obtrusively determining a tissue characteristic of a subject, the device comprises a first control unit (11) configured to control an electromechanical transducer (31) by a first control signal (21) to transfer mechanical waves varying in a frequency range or with varying frequency content to an exposed tissue area of the subject; a second control unit (12) configured to control an electromagnetic radiation emitter (32) by a second control signal (22) to emit electromagnetic radiation towards the exposed tissue area of the subject; a radiation signal input (13) configured to obtain a radiation signal (23) indicative of electromagnetic radiation reflected from the exposed tissue area of the subject; and a processor (14) configured to determine a tissue characteristic signal (24) indicative of a tissue characteristic of the exposed tissue area of the subject derived from a frequency response or a frequency transfer function obtained from the

Abstract: A photoplethysmograph device includes a housing provided with a mounting hole; an optical device accommodated in the mounting hole; and a light-transmitting member including a central portion and a surrounding portion disposed around the central portion. The surrounding portion includes at least one end face having a textured layer configured to scatter and/or absorb light; the central portion has an end face without being provided with the textured layer. The light-transmitting member is connected with the housing and located at an outer side of the optical device. The end face of the central portion is disposed corresponding to the optical device, and the end face of the surrounding portion is disposed corresponding to an area without being provided with the optical device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented for confocal microscopy using dispersed structured illumination. In certain embodiments the apparatus also comprises an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system, and OCT images acquired from two or more regions of a sample are registered using a corresponding set of two or more larger area images acquired with the confocal microscopy system. In preferred embodiments the apparatus is suitable for analysing the retina of an eye. The confocal microscopy system can be operated in a purely intensity mode or in a coherent mode. In other embodiments a confocal microscopy system using dispersed structured illumination is utilised for surface metrology.

Abstract: Devices for localizing an intracerebral hematoma or blood mass in brain tissue. The devices include an elongate probe a color sensors and a light emitter on the distal end of the probe. The color sensors produce a signal corresponding to the color of light reflected into the color sensors. A display is provided to indicate the color detected.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes with one or more Bragg reflectors. At least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system configured to: measure a phase shift, and a time-of-flight, of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array; generate one or more images of the tissue; detect oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin in the tissue; non-invasively measure blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin; measure one or more physiological parameters based at least in part on the non-invasively measured blood; and measure a variation in the blood or physiological parameter over a period of time.