Abstract: A dog clutch system for holding the position of a volume adjustment screw for a pipetting system, the system comprising: —a first toothed wheel comprising first teeth; —a second toothed wheel comprising second teeth; —a return spring capable of urging the first and second wheels against each other, the second teeth of the second wheel forming a number N of concentric annular rows, and the second wheel having at least one tooth overlap area in which the N annular rows of second teeth have, respectively, N overlap sectors that overlap each other in a radial direction, and within which the teeth are angularly offset.

Abstract: A device for generating a droplet array, which comprises a substrate, a roller on the substrate, and a microgrooved chip on the outer surface of the roller, wherein a sealant is on a surface of the substrate close to the roller and the microgrooved chip comprises a chip body fitted to the roller and an array of microgrooves arranged on the chip body, the array of microgrooves consisting of a plurality of microgrooves arranged at intervals on the chip body. When the roller rolls, liquid between the substrate and the roller enters the microgrooves and forms droplets while the microgrooved chip detaches from the roller and combines with the sealant which seals the microgrooves, generating a droplet array. The device generates a droplet array having uniform droplet size, good repeatability. Further, the method is simple and highly efficient, and has broad application prospects in the fields of medicine and biology.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices that facilitate the magnetic separation of an analyte from a sample, and methods of use thereof. In particular embodiments, devices and methods are provided for the trans-interfacial magnetic separation (TIMS) of analytes from a sample.

Abstract: A device for the extraction of an analyte from a fecal sample, the device comprising a housing comprising a detachable cap with an integral spatula, within the housing is an extraction buffer that solubilizes feces into a liquid phase and a solid phase and a separation gel that is submerged within the extraction buffer and positioned at a bottom of the housing, wherein the separation gel when under a sufficient centrifugal force has a separating density that is equal to or greater than a liquid phase density of the liquid phase and less than a solid phase density of the solid phase, thereby permitting separation of the liquid and solid phases, further wherein the separating density is between 0.098 and 1.08 g/cm3.

Abstract: A system for irradiating biological material includes a platform for holding the biological material and a radiation source for directing X-ray radiation to the biological material. The platform includes platform elements each including a chamber for containing the biological material. The platform includes a frame structure for mechanically supporting the platform elements and for mechanically supporting a gas-supply system for supplying gas to the platform elements. The gas-supply system can be for example a gas cartridge. The frame structure includes gas channels for receiving the gas from the gas-supply system and for conducting the gas to the platform elements so as to provide a desired gas composition in the chambers during irradiation of the biological material.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for non-volatile storage include a well activation device operable to modify one or more wells from a plurality of wells of a flow cell to provide a set of readable wells. Readable wells are configured to allow exposure of a well to substances from nucleotide sequencing fluids, and prevent exposure to other substances and fluids, such as nucleotide synthesizing fluids. The well activation device may also modify wells to provide a set of writeable wells. This set of wells is configured to allow exposure to the nucleotide synthesizing fluids and substances; and prevent exposure to the nucleotide sequencing fluids and substances. There may also be provisions made for risk mitigation for data errors such as generating commands to write specified data to a nucleotide sequence associated with a particular location in a storage device, reading the nucleotide sequence and performing a comparison.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a fluidic device includes depositing a sacrificial material on a pillar array arranged on a substrate. The method also includes removing a portion of the sacrificial material. The method further includes depositing a sealing layer on the pillar array to form a sealed fluidic cavity.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a flow cell body, a plurality of electrodes, an integrated circuit, and an imaging assembly. The flow cell body defines one or more flow channels and a plurality of wells. Each flow channel is configured to receive a flow of fluid. Each well is fluidically coupled with the corresponding flow channel. Each well is configured to contain at least one polynucleotide. Each electrode is positioned in a corresponding well of the plurality of wells. The electrodes are operable to effect writing of polynucleotides in the corresponding wells. The integrated circuit is operable to drive selective deposition or activation of selected nucleotides to attach to polynucleotides in the wells to thereby generate polynucleotides representing machine-written data in the wells. The imaging assembly is operable to capture images indicative of one or more nucleotides in a polynucleotide.

Abstract: A novel microfluidic chip is proposed for performing a chemical or biochemical test in a metered reaction volume. The microfluidic chip has a body which defines an inner flow volume. An inlet has been provided to the body for connecting the inner flow volume to the ambient space. A waste channel forms part of the inner flow volume and is in fluid communication with the inlet. A sample channel also forms part of the inner flow volume and is in fluid communication with the inlet. The sample channel includes a first hydrophobic stop and a second hydrophobic stop at a distance from the first hydrophobic stop so as to provide a metered reaction volume there between. An expelling channel is in fluid communication with the metered reaction volume of the sample channel through the first hydrophobic stop. A sample reservoir is in fluid communication with the metered reaction volume of the sample channel through the second hydrophobic stop.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for detecting, quantifying, enriching, and/or separating bacterial species in fluid sample are provided. The fluid sample is provided as input to a microfluidic passage of a microfluidic device, wherein the microfluidic device comprises at least one electrode disposed adjacent to the microfluidic passage. The at least one electrode is activated to capture bacteria in the sample using dielectrophoresis, wherein the capture efficiency of bacteria is at least 99%.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for detecting, quantifying, enriching, and/or separating bacterial species in fluid sample are provided. The fluid sample is provided as input to a microfluidic passage of a microfluidic device, wherein the microfluidic device comprises at least one electrode disposed adjacent to the microfluidic passage. The at least one electrode is activated to capture bacteria in the sample using dielectrophoresis, wherein the capture efficiency of bacteria is at least 99%.

Abstract: A new method is disclosed for extracting plasma from whole blood and metering the amount of plasma to an exact volume for dispensing into a diagnostic test, in a fully automatic and self-contained device. The device can be used in resource limited settings by unskilled users to facilitate sophisticated medical diagnostic testing outside of a hospital clinic or laboratory.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for conducting an assay in a microfluidic system comprising magnetic beads, said apparatus comprising: a platform upon which a microfluidic system can be mounted, one or more actuators having a magnet, configured to directly influence movement of magnetic beads housed within a microfluidic system when a microfluidic system is mounted on said platform, and a control means configured to control relative movement of the one or more magnets, and a microfluidic system when mounted, to enable the magnet to trace a desired path across a mounted microfluidic system, said magnet being positionable at any x- and y-coordinates of a mounted microfluidic system, wherein said apparatus further comprises: a) at least one rotary actuator configured to enable magnet movement in an x-axis, and/or b) a means for moving a mounted microfluidic system in a stepwise fashion.

Abstract: A cleaning condition of a first nozzle can be set for each reagent combination in a controller of a blood coagulation analysis device, the reagent combination indicating a combination of a reagent previously dispensed by the first nozzle and a reagent currently dispensed by the first nozzle. When the controller of the blood coagulation analysis device obtains the reagent combination and the cleaning condition of the first nozzle is set for the obtained reagent combination, the controller performs control to clean the first nozzle under the set cleaning condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blood diagnostic device, which includes one or more blood input parts into which blood is injected, a deterministic lateral displacement separation part which communicates with the blood input part to form a blood flow path along which the blood flows and separates white blood cells from remaining blood components, a first microchannel which communicates with the deterministic lateral displacement separation part so that the white blood cells separated through the deterministic lateral displacement separation part flow therein, one or more second microchannels which communicate with the deterministic lateral displacement separation part so that the remaining blood components separated through the deterministic lateral displacement separation part flow therein, a first discharge part which communicates with the first microchannel so that the white blood cells flowing in the first microchannel are discharged therethrough, and a second discharge part which communicates with the

Abstract: A method for manipulating a microdroplet of a reaction medium in an immiscible carrier medium with a target molecule bound to a solid support for the purposes of effecting a chemical transformation is provided. It is characterised by the steps of (a) bringing the microdroplet into contact with the solid support under conditions where the microdroplet and solid support are caused to combine, (b) allowing the reaction medium to react with the target molecule and (c) thereafter exerting a force to induce the reaction medium to become detached from the solid support and reform a microdroplet in the carrier fluid. In one embodiment the solid support is a particle, bead or the like.

Abstract: Techniques include a substrate having a microchannel, first and second microchannel branches, and a fork joining the microchannel upstream and the branches downstream. The microchannel passes a continuous stream of droplets, having a first fluid with magnetic particles, separated by a spacer fluid. A picoinjector, disposed along the microchannel, includes both: a supply channel connected to the microchannel by an aperture on a first side of the microchannel; and, a pair of electrodes on an opposite side. The picoinjector injects a volume of a second fluid into a first droplet when the pair of electrodes carries a certain voltage difference. A first magnet introduces a magnetic field into the microchannel between the picoinjector and the fork to move magnetic particles in the first droplet toward the first side of the microchannel before the droplet is split at the fork to produce output droplets of the second fluid with magnetic particles.

Abstract: A first aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for the detection of a compound of interest in a microfluidic system. A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the method according to the first aspect for monitoring a biological event. A further aspect of the present invention is directed to a microfluidic system and the use thereof for carrying out the method according to the first aspect.

Abstract: A spa tub includes a spa shell configured to contain a volume of water; a circulation system configured to create a flow of the water to and from the spa shell; and a testing system configured to acquire water samples from the volume of water and to perform water quality tests on the water samples. The testing system includes a housing; a circulation pump disposed within the housing configured to acquire the water samples from the volume of water; a replaceable reagent cartridge removably received within the housing; and a water test assembly disposed within the housing. The water test assembly is configured to receive the water samples acquired by the circulation pump and a reagent from the reagent cartridge. The water test assembly is configured to mix the water samples and the reagent and to perform the water quality tests on the mixed water samples and reagent.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining properties of a laboratory sample container is presented. The apparatus comprises a light source for emitting light to illuminate the laboratory sample container and a number of curved reflecting and/or scattering units. A respective curved reflecting and/or scattering unit comprises a curved shape and is adapted to reflect and/or scatter light of the light source to an outer surface of the laboratory sample container for illuminating the laboratory sample container. The apparatus also comprises a camera adapted to take an image of the laboratory sample container. The image comprises image data related to the laboratory sample container. The apparatus also comprises a control unit adapted to determine the properties of the laboratory sample container based on the image data related to the laboratory sample container.

Abstract: A receptacle holder for supporting at least one fluid-containing receptacle includes a body and an RFID transponder. The body includes an electrically conductive portion defining a first recess configured to receive at least a first fluid-containing receptacle, and an electrically non-conductive portion attached to the electrically conductive portion. The RFID transponder is disposed on the electrically non-conductive portion of the body, and stores information about the receptacle holder. The receptacle holder can also include the first fluid-containing receptacle received within the first recess.

Abstract: A rack for a diagnostic robot with at least one support for at least one container; at least one gas-outlet to supply the at least one container with a gas at a predefined but individually adjustable pressure level; a first gas pump to generate a gas at a predefined super-atmospheric pressure level; a second gas pump to generate a gas at a pre-defined sub-atmospheric pressure level; a first tubing system attached to the first gas pump and holding the gas generated by the first gas pump; a second tubing system attached to the second gas pump and holding the gas generated by the second gas pump; and at least one tube bridge, wherein one end of the bridge connects via a first valve into the first tubing system and the other end of the bridge connects via a second valve into the second tubing system, and wherein the at least one gas-outlet is connected to the center of the bridge.

Abstract: The proposed technology provides refiner segment pair comprising a first segment (30) and a second segment (31), said first segment (30) being configured to be used with a rotor disc for a refiner of lignocellulosic material and said second segment being configured to be used with a stator disc for said refiner of lignocellulosic material, said first and second refining segments (30; 31) comprising protruding structures (40) for grinding of said lignocellulosic material. The height of the protruding structures (40) on said first refining segment (30) is at least three times larger than the height of the protruding structures (40) on said second refiner segment (31). The proposed technology also provides a refiner comprising such a refiner segment pair and the use of a refiner segment pair (30; 31) in a refiner (1) for refining lignocellulosic material.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for transforming organic and inorganic solid urban waste into aggregates, comprising an extruding machine connected to a reactor. The extruding machine is formed by an extrusion cylinder through which a piston circulates inside an extrusion cavity, which comprises three sections and is fed with a parget obtained after pre-processing the waste. The end of the third section is connected to the reactor through an opening. The reactors longitudinal shaft is formed by a rotatory steel shaft in which some steel blades are arranged, whose ends play the roles of cutting, hammering, punching and hydraulic helix as they rotate. Between the end of the blades and the wall of the reactor, there is a clearance of more than 0.1 mm of thickness. The reactor has a discharge valve to discharge the parget present in the boundary area through some openings, once it has been processed by a series of pressure, vibration energy and decompression cycles.

Abstract: A roller press capable of applying an electric field comprises a base, a frame (12), press rollers, an inter-roller distance adjustment device (11), a speed adjustment device (122), a voltage application device, a feed deflector (19), and a discharge device. A surface of the press roller is made of an electrically-conductive material, and an electric field is created when a voltage is applied to the press roller. In the roller press, an alternating or direct current electric field is applied between the press rollers to create an electrochemical action, such that particles or a solution in a system is induced to undergo a physical or chemical change, thereby enhancing interaction therebetween, and accordingly increasing grinding and dispersion efficiency of a solid-liquid dispersion system.

Abstract: A mobile cone plant with canted run-on jacks for limited vibration of the chassis without a need for clamping or extremely tight tolerances in telescopic jack parts.

Abstract: A material reducing apparatus includes a reducing head that includes a rotary reducing component that carries a plurality of cutters. The reducing head includes a thrown object deflector positioned proximate the rotary reducing component. The thrown object deflector is configured to limit at least one of a distance and a direction that objects can be thrown by the rotary reducing component.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for washing and grading sand includes a first grading screen adapted to separate a feed material into a fine fraction and a coarse fraction, the coarse fraction having a greater particle size than the fine fraction. A first fines separation stage including one or more hydrocyclones is adapted to receive the fine fraction entrained in water, downstream of the first grading screen to thereby remove fine contaminants. A first dewatering screen includes a deck adapted to dewater the fine fraction downstream of the first fines separation stage to provide a fine sand product, and a second dewatering screen includes a deck adapted to dewater the coarse fraction downstream of the first grading screen to provide a coarse sand product.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic separator in which even when content of a magnetic sludge in a liquid to be treated increases, recovery performance of the magnetic sludge is less likely to degrade and a malfunction of the device is less likely to occur. Apart of an outer peripheral surface of a magnet drum is immersed in a flow of the liquid to be treated containing the magnetic sludge. A removing mechanism removes the magnetic sludge on the outer peripheral surface of the magnet drum from the outer peripheral surface of the magnet drum. A magnetic sludge containing information acquisition device acquires magnetic sludge containing information relating to a content of the magnetic sludge contained in the liquid to be treated. A control device changes a magnetic sludge removal capability of the magnet drum depending on the magnetic sludge containing information acquired by the magnetic sludge containing information acquisition device.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods, devices and systems comprising materials comprising dielectrics. In various aspects, electrodes layered or imbedded with these dielectrics provide enhanced properties for a wide range of applications, such as the enhanced separation of analytes, such as biological molecules or particles (nucleic acids, viruses) with an electrokinetic field.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator includes a rotor arrangement and a drive arrangement. The centrifugal separator includes a generator for generating an electric current. The generator is configured for continuously generating a current during a full revolution of the rotor arrangement. The current is utilised for supplying electric current to a user of electric energy arranged in the rotor arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention provides centrifuges (e.g., analytical centrifuges) comprising a cooling assembly having a cooling surface disposed inside the centrifuge chamber and spaced apart from the rotor. The cooling surface disposed inside the centrifuge chamber, spaced apart from the rotor, and configured to exchange heat between the cooling assembly and the rotor, the thermal element thermally coupled to the cooling surface, and configured to control the temperature of the cooling surface.

Abstract: A flow control device including: a housing including a flow passage extending from an inlet, through the housing to an outlet; a hollow tube within the housing defining a tube passage included in the flow passage of the housing; a valve seat in the housing and disposed between the inlet to the flow passage and an inlet to the tube passage of the hollow tube; and a drain check shuttle within the housing and configured to move reciprocally with respect to both the housing and the hollow tube, wherein the drain check shuttle has: a first position within the housing at which the drain check shuttle abuts the valve seat, and closes a gap between the valve seat and the inlet to the hollow tube; and a second position displaced from the valve seat and which opens the gap.

Abstract: A liquid dispensing valve for dispensing of liquid solution, the liquid dispensing valve operable to create a vacuum buildup of pressure, such that the liquid moves on a recirculation path from the intake port to the output port. The recirculation of the liquid prevents sediment within the liquid from settling, and further prevents backpressure, and allows for continuous recirculation of the solution through a suction return line, providing generally consistent flow of liquid. The liquid dispensing valve's ability to minimize sediment buildup allows for a quick cleaning of the lines while also minimizing potential contamination of the general area.

Abstract: An oscillating sprinkler includes a turbine operatively connected to a movable gear cage that is biased into either a first position using three torsion springs to drive rotation of a nozzle housing.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for a spray nozzle 100, 200, 600. A spray nozzle 100, 200, 600 includes a housing 102 with an inlet 104 and/or a nose cone 106. An axis of an inlet 104 is disposed perpendicular to an axis of a nose cone 106, the housing 102 comprising an internal chamber formed within the housing 102. A spray nozzle 100, 200, 600 includes a nozzle holder 204. A nozzle holder 204 is disposed within an internal chamber of a body. A nozzle holder 204 is secured at a nozzle seat 202 coupled to a nose cone 106. A distal end of a nozzle holder 204 is free to rotate within an internal chamber of a housing 102 along a conical path having a vertex at approximately a nozzle seat 202 of a body. A nozzle holder 204 comprises an internal fluid channel to direct a fluid stream from a distal end of the nozzle holder 204 to a nozzle seat 202.

Abstract: An apparatus is described herein that includes an elongate arm and a rotating nozzle rotationally coupled to an end of the elongate arm. An electronic processor is communicatively coupled to a communication interface of an in-line pressure sensor of a liquid feed channel from a pump providing a fluid that both drives rotation of the rotating nozzle and cleans an interior surface of a vessel. The electronic processor analyzes a digitized measured pressure signal data stream provided by the pressure sensor to provide a real-time indication of rotational status of the rotating nozzle during a cleaning operation of the interior surface of the vessel.

Abstract: An electrostatic fluid delivery system is configured to deliver fluid, such as a disinfectant fluid, onto a surface by electrically charging the fluid and forming the fluid into a mist, fog, plume, or spray that can be directed onto a surface, such as a surface to be cleaned. The system atomizes the fluid using a high-pressure fluid stream and passes the fluid through an electrode of a nozzle assembly to charge droplets of the atomized fluid.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a method of applying loose-fill insulation within a cavity is provided. The method includes blowing loose-fill insulation particles into a cavity of a structure to install the loose-fill insulation within the cavity and thereby insulate the structure. The method also includes applying water (e.g., water mist) to the loose-fill insulation particles so that a moisture content of the installed loose-fill insulation is between about 2% and 20%. The water aids in retaining the loose-fill insulation particles within the cavity without requiring the use of an enclosure member that encloses the cavity and the loose-fill insulation is substantially free of a water soluble adhesive material that adheres the loose-fill insulation particles together within the cavity.

Abstract: A boom for a sprayer vehicle includes a fluid-carrying medium; at least one nozzle fluidly coupled to the fluid-carrying medium; and at least one unmanned aerial vehicle tethered to the fluid-carrying medium. The at least one unmanned aerial vehicle includes a plurality of fans, and the nozzle is arranged to discharge material through a fan. Related methods and sprayer vehicles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A trigger sprayer is made from a single grade of polymer capable of being reused as post consumer resin. The design allows for upright and inverted actuation. A pre-compression diaphragm ensures that dispensing stroke delivers a complete and uniform amount of fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dispenser container consisting of an outer container and an inner container for receiving a fluid, wherein the outer container and the inner container are formed from blow-moulded plastics, which do not form an integral connection with one another, and wherein a first plastic from which the inner container is formed has a higher elasticity than a second plastic from which the outer container is formed, such that the inner container is deformable, and wherein the outer container has at least one pressure compensation opening for pressure compensation in the region between the outer container and the inner container, wherein the inner container has a first outlet region and the outer container has a second outlet region, wherein the first outlet region can be shifted relative to the second outlet region in an outlet direction.

Abstract: Liquid dispenser having a liquid store and a discharge device fitted thereto and having a discharge opening. The discharge device has a pump device with a pump chamber variable in terms of volume and connected at an input side in a communicating manner to the liquid store and at an output side in a communicating manner to the discharge opening. The pump device conveys liquid from the liquid store to the discharge opening. The discharge device has a ventilation channel, by which an incoming air flow is enabled for pressure compensation between the liquid store and a surrounding atmosphere. The ventilation channel has a ventilation valve openable by manual actuation of the pump device and closed when the pump device is not actuated. Further, the ventilation channel has a capillary channel portion through which the incoming air flow reaches the liquid store.

Abstract: A coating booth (101) for elements to be coated. The coating booth (101) comprises a passage between opposing vertical sides (107a, 107b, 108a, 108b) through which elements to be coated are conveyed. There is an entrance (105) at one end of the passage and an exit (106) at the other end of the passage. The coating booth (101) comprises a conveyor line (102) for supporting said elements to be coated and configured to convey said elements from the entrance (105) to the exit (106) along a straight pathway, and, a suction system. The opposing sides of the channel are symmetrical about the pathway. Sets of spray guns (103a, 104a, 103b, 104b) for spraying coating powder at the elements are positioned symmetrically either side of the straight pathway.

Abstract: A coating system includes coating robots configured to coat a vehicle, and an operation robot. The operation robot includes a first arm configured to turn around a first axis; a second arm configured to turn around a second axis parallel to the first axis; a third arm configured to turn around a third axis parallel to the first axis; a fourth arm configured to turn around a fourth axis perpendicular to the first axis; a fifth arm configured to turn around a fifth axis parallel to the fourth axis; and a tip jig is supported at the fifth arm and is configured to turn around a sixth axis. The sixth axis is selectively parallel to the fifth axis or perpendicular to a plane which includes the fourth axis and the fifth axis.

Abstract: A showerhead with an embedded nut is disclosed. The showerhead comprises an embedded nut within a cavity. The nut may be engaged by a bolt through an opening in the cavity to support the showerhead. The apparatus allows for the support of the showerhead without the potential for metal contamination.

Abstract: In an ESI sprayer including a pipe connecting jig used to connect an inlet-side pipe and an ESI capillary, a through-hole having an inner diameter corresponding to an outer diameter of the inlet-side pipe at one end and an inner diameter corresponding to an outer diameter of the ESI capillary at another end is formed in an axial direction of a conductive cylindrical body in which at least both ends are plastically deformable, and a gap forming protrusion protruding inward from a circumferential wall of the through-hole is provided in the cylindrical body.

Abstract: Systems and methods for firework water illusions are disclosed. In one aspect, a device for creating an illusion of rotary pyrotechnics includes at least one nozzle configured to rotate about an axis of the device and spray water in a radial direction while rotating. The device can also include a water supply configured to provide the water to the at least one nozzle and a lighting system configured to illuminate the water sprayed from the at least one nozzle to create an illusion of rotary pyrotechnics.

Abstract: A metering valve for viscous materials has a housing, a material channel extending in the housing and opening into material outlet openings, and a number of valve pins, which are movably mounted in the housing, the number corresponding to the number of material outlet openings, wherein a valve seat is associated with each valve pin and each valve pin is movable between a closed position, in which it sits on the valve seat associated with it and closes one of the material outlet openings, and an open position, in which the material outlet opening concerned is exposed. The valve pins are produced from carbide and are guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner through feed-through openings in a guide block arranged at a distance from the valve seats, wherein the guide block is produced from carbide, at least on the inner surfaces of the feed-through openings facing the valve pins.

Abstract: A carbon film coating structure and a method for coating that structure onto a work are provided, in which a carbon material such as a carbon nanotube is applied to a work for coating thereof with high density and high integration so that the coating has an outstanding electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, heat resistance, high strength and flexibility owing to the characteristics of carbon, and in which a carbon such as CNT is applied to the work for coating thereof easily and inexpensively, and with high density and high integration. A carbon material is coated or impregnated on a surface layer of a work. The work can deposit a suboxide or oxide containing metal ions. A porous primary film is formed on the surface layer of the work. The carbon film is coated or impregnated on an irregular part of the surface layer of the primary film.