Abstract: A method and device for cleaning drinkware without using electricity are disclosed including a handle, a shaft connected to the handle, a cleaning brush connected to the shaft, and a top section connected to the cleaning brush; when the interior bottom of a drinkware is pressed down, creating a pressure upon the top section, the cleaning brush is rotated in a first direction, and when the pressure decreases, the cleaning brush rotates in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the operation of a commercial dishwasher (2), which is embodied as a box-type dishwasher or as a conveyor dishwasher, includes at least one temperature sensor (60) designed to record a temperature profile with respect to time which corresponds to the temperature profile with respect to time to which an item of washware is subjected when it is treated in the dishwasher (2). The system further includes an evaluation device (62) designed to receive and to evaluate the temperature profile recorded by the at least one temperature sensor (60), wherein the evaluation device (62) is further designed to ascertain a value of a notional unit of quantity of heat from the temperature profile recorded by the temperature sensor (60). A dishwasher (2) including a corresponding monitoring system and a method for monitoring the operation of a dishwasher (2) are also provided.

Abstract: A rinsing container for a household dishwashing machine includes a bottom plate, a rear wall, and a U-shaped rinsing container jacket which is arranged on the bottom plate and fixedly connected thereto via a folded joint. Integrally formed on the bottom plate and on the rinsing container jacket is a fastening flange for fastening the rear wall to the bottom plate and to the rinsing container jacket, with the fastening flange configured to form a part of the folded joint. A folding sealing means is provided in the folded joint and formed as a sealing bead, with the sealing bead having in the folding-joint-forming part of the fastening flange a first cross-sectional surface which is greater than a cross-sectional surface in a central region of the folded joint.

Abstract: A system (10) includes a support structure (20) associable with a bottom wall (BW) of a washing tub (WT) of a washing machine (WM). The system further includes a container body (22) having a receptacle (14) configured for receiving a quantity of washing agent. The container body (22) has an opening (24) leading into the receptacle (14). The container body (22) is mountable on the support structure (20) in the washing tub (WT). The container body (22) is configured for being reversibly brought by a user into a retracted condition and an extracted condition. In the retracted condition, the container body (22) is inserted in the support structure (20). In the extracted condition, the container body (22) is removed and separate from the support structure (20). The system (10) includes a closure element (16) configured for closing the opening (24).

Abstract: Doormat assembly comprising a base including a central area and a peripheral area surrounding the central area, a frame assembly formed separately from the base and forming a frame with a central opening for exposing the central area of the base, and a removable insert unsecured to the base and sized to fit within the central opening of the frame assembly so as to cover the central area of the base, wherein the frame assembly comprises a plurality of side members and a plurality of corner portions engaged with the side members to form the frame, and wherein the removable insert is removable through the central opening in the frame and replaceable.

Abstract: A medical system that includes a medical device having an imaging device configured to capture images of a target site. A location of the target site is determined based on the images. The medical device includes a light source configured to direct light onto the location of the target site, and a processor and non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to move a sensor of a medical instrument toward the location of the target site based on the sensor detecting the light at the target site.

Abstract: An optical device may include an optical fiber having a fixed end and a free end a first actuator positioned at a actuator position between the fixed end and the free end and configured to apply a first force on the actuator position of the optical fiber such that a movement of the free end of the optical fiber in a first direction is caused, wherein the first direction is orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber; and a deformable rod disposed adjacent to the optical fiber, and having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is connected to a first rod position of the optical fiber and the second end is connected to a second rod position of the optical fiber.

Abstract: An endoscope processor or the like is provided which has a high ability to detect lesions. The endoscope processor includes an image acquisition unit that acquires a captured image taken by an endoscope, a first image processing unit that generates a first processed image based on the captured image acquired by the image acquisition unit, a second image processing unit that generates a second processed image based on the captured image, and an output unit that outputs an acquired disease status using a learning model, which outputs a disease status, when the first processed image generated by the first image processing unit and the second processed image generated by the second image processing unit are input.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes: a light source that radiates a pulsed light beam onto an imaging subject; an imaging optical system; an image transmission optical system that transmits the image of the imaging subject; an optical sensor that has a light receiving surface on which a plurality of pixels are arrayed and that detects a light level of the image; and one or more processors, wherein the optical sensor obtains light levels by detecting, in a time division manner, a reflected light beam of the pulsed light beam at each of the pixels, and wherein the processors are configured to: calculate an observation distance to the imaging subject from the imaging optical system on a basis of the light levels.

Abstract: A user terminal of the present invention includes a display including a screen on which an image is displayable, and configured to output light having a specific wavelength from at least a partial region of the screen; an image capturer configured to capture an image of a user's body; and a controller configured to control the display to output first light of a first wavelength range from a first region on the screen, control the image capturer to capture an image, analyze the captured image, and control the display to display analysis information on a second region of the screen.

Abstract: A region of interest located in a first part to be observed is detected from a medical image at a first timing. In a case where a tip portion of an endoscope moves from the first part to be observed toward a second part to be observed and then moves to the first part to be observed again, a return determination unit performs first determination processing for determining whether the tip portion has returned to the first part to be observed, by using a medical image acquired a second timing. A display control unit performs display control of a monitor by using a determination result of the return determination unit.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an insertion section; an operation section; a bending portion; a longitudinal member for maintaining a constant distance from the operation section to a distal end portion of the insertion section along a longitudinal axis of the insertion section; and a flexible tube portion provided in a movable manner with respect to the operation section and the longitudinal member in a longitudinal axis direction, and making the bending portion extend and contract with movement of the flexible tube portion with respect to the operation section in the longitudinal axis direction.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes an insertion portion receiving a first force from an enteric canal and applying a second force, which is a reaction, to the enteric canal, a detection device detecting a position of the insertion portion, and a processor. The processor calculates a position of a point of application, a direction, and a magnitude of the first force, performs an arithmetic operation of a shape/position of the insertion portion based on an output from the detection device, determines a reaction position at which the second force is received, based on position information of the insertion portion and on position information of the point of application of the first force, sets two fixed points where the enteric canal is fixed, and calculates information of a third force and a fourth force directed toward the two fixed points from the reaction position with respect to the second force.

Abstract: An endoscope includes a scope provided with a hard portion at a distal end of a long flexible portion having flexibility; an image capturing portion housed in the hard portion and having an image sensor; a transmission cable inserted into the scope and conductively connected to the image sensor at a distal end via a substrate, and a voltage conversion device mounted on the substrate and outputting a constant voltage to the image sensor with respect to a input voltage input to the transmission cable.

Abstract: A delivery device may be configured to deliver an agent to a target tissue through a channel of a medical device, the delivery device may include a body including (a) a coupling region configured to removably attach to a handle of the medical device, and (b) a coupler including an exit port for aligning with a port of the channel, wherein the coupler is configured to mate with the port of the channel; a source of an agent; and a source of pressurized fluid. The body, the source of agent, and the source of pressurized fluid may be arranged to deliver agent and pressurized fluid to the exit port for delivery through the channel.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion section including a bending portion configured to bend in response to pulling and relaxing of a pair of wires, an operation section, a pulling mechanism configured to pull and relax the pair of wires, a holding portion holding a treatment member, and a driving member configured to move the holding portion in a direction along a longitudinal axis of the treatment member. The pulling member includes a pulley to which the pair of wires is connected, a shaft member protruding from the pulley and having a central axis coinciding with a central axis of the pulley, and a support portion supporting the shaft member such that the shaft member is rotatable about the central axis, and configured to allow a movement of the shaft member in a first direction and a second direction that are parallel to the central axis of the shaft member.

Abstract: First illumination light and second illumination light having different emission spectra are automatically switched so as to be emitted for a light emission period of at least one or more frames under specific light amount conditions, respectively. First image signals obtained in a case where an image is picked up using the first illumination light and second image signals obtained in a case where an image is picked up using the second illumination light are acquired. A first specific color signal for specific biological tissue among the first image signals and a second specific color signal for the specific biological tissue among the second image signals match.

Abstract: In some embodiments, systems, methods, and media for capsule-based multimode endoscopy are provided. In some embodiments, a probe for capsule-based multimode endoscopy is provided, the probe comprising: a rigid capsule; a flexible tether coupled to a proximal end of the capsule; a rotatable reflective surface disposed within the capsule; a static ball lens disposed within the capsule; a first optical fiber optically coupled to the ball lens, the first optical fiber passing through the flexible tether; a second optical fiber optically coupled to the ball lens, the second optical fiber passing through the flexible tether; a graded index fiber disposed between a distal end of the second optical fiber and the ball lens, the graded index fiber optically coupled to the second optical fiber and the ball lens.

Abstract: A disposable speculum for an otoscope provides a sheath adapted to cover an elongate otoscope probe and providing inwardly extending tabs that are adapted to flex outward when the speculum is inserted over the otoscope to engage corresponding grooves of the otoscope. The inwardly extending tabs provide precise alignment of the speculum with the elongate otoscope probe along an insertion axis to protect a length of the probe.

Abstract: A lightweight and portable digital colposcope that could allow a subject to self-examine her vagina or cervix. The digital colposcope comprises an elongate main body for insertion into the subject's vagina. There is a digital camera module contained in the main body. The main body could also hold a wireless transmitter to send images to an external display device. The digital colposcope could have a system of self-expanding scaffold, stretchable protective membrane, and slidable sheath to widen the vaginal canal for better visualization.

Abstract: A scan area setting unit of an exemplary ophthalmic apparatus sets a scan area in a region passing through an iris outer edge. A first scan controller controls an OCT optical system to apply an OCT scan to the scan area. An image quality evaluating unit calculates an image quality evaluation value of an image from the OCT scan. A corner angle image detecting unit analyzes the image to detect a corner angle image. A position judging unit judges whether the corner angle image is located within a first area in an image frame. A second scan controller controls the OCT optical system to apply an OCT scan of a predetermined pattern to the anterior segment, if the image quality evaluation value is equal to or greater than a threshold and the corner angle image is located within the first area.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomographic device configured to acquire a tomographic image of a subjected eye is disclosed herein. The optical coherence tomographic device may include a light source of wavelength sweeping type; and a measurement optical system configured to irradiate the subjected eye with light outputted from the light source, where D/S×?>1.61 may be satisfied, with a diameter of the light outputted from the light source at an incident position to the subjected eye is D, a wavelength swept frequency of the light source is S, and a center wavelength of the light outputted from the light source is ?.

Abstract: A photorefraction ocular screening device for assessing vision and corresponding disorders associated with the human ocular system is provided. More specifically, the present invention provides for a photorefraction ocular screening device employing advanced methods of pupil detection and refractive error analysis. The photorefraction ocular screening device is comprised of an LED arrangement configured with a plurality of irradiation sources serving as visual stimuli, wherein the visual stimuli may be presented in varying illumination patterns to the pupils of an examinee for expanding the range of ocular responses that can be used to determine refractive error.

Abstract: A scanning laser ophthalmoscope comprises a light source (LS) arranged to generate a beam of light; a deformable mirror relay (DM, SM1); a first scanning relay (VS, SM2); a second scanning relay (HS, SM3); a wavefront sensor (WFS); and a detector (APD). The deformable mirror relay comprises a deformable flat mirror (DM) arranged to compensate for distortions detected by the wavefront sensor (WFS). Each of the scanning relays comprises a flat scanning mirror (VS, HS) arranged to scan the beam across the eye of a subject. At least one of the relays has an entry focal plane and an exit focal plane and further comprises a spherical mirror arranged to reflect the beam from the entry focal plane onto the flat mirror and to reflect light from the flat mirror into the exit focal plane.

Abstract: An ophthalmic technician is present with a patient in an exam room to operate eye examination equipment and transmit patient information to remote location. At that remote location, a skilled technician is present to provide the necessary optical care, and may operate the phoropter from the remote location. Using video and/or teleconferencing equipment and a phoropter located in the patient examination room along with management software, the system works to determine the final optical prescription for the patient. That information, coupled with findings from other devices which are integrated with the management software, and that the patient uses locally, are reviewed by a remote-based optometrist or ophthalmologist.

Abstract: Described is a medical implant with a structure which is made of at least one biocompatible material, can be converted from a first spatially compact state into a second spatially deployed and flexible deformable state, has an modulus of elasticity that corresponds to the wall of a blood vessel in an order of magnitude between 105 N m?2 and 107 N m?2, has at least one region with an acoustic impedance of more than 1.63·106 kg/m2s, and in the second state has an effective operating surface that is flexibly deformable and at least partially reflects ultrasonic waves.

Abstract: A method for navigating therapeutic, diagnostic or imaging agents in a vascular network or body cavity is introduced. The method is characterized by high directional gradients and a high magnetic field strength. The latter is used to saturate the magnetization of magnetic therapeutic agents such that when combined with high directional gradients, improved navigation of the magnetic therapeutic agents can be provided at various depths within a patient's body.

Abstract: Provided is a method of detecting neural activity, including inducing neurons of a subject to express two or more polypeptides each comprising an amino acid sequence represented by one of SEQ ID NOs:13-24, wherein inducing comprises stimulating interneuronally different relative levels of expression of the two or more polypeptides; applying coelenterazine to the subject; applying a first stimulation of neural activity to the subject; detecting a first spatiotemporal and spectral pattern of electromagnetic radiation emitted by neurons of the subject in response to the first stimulation; recording the first spatiotemporal and spectral pattern of electromagnetic radiation in a computer memory; applying a second stimulation of neural activity to the subject; detecting a second spatiotemporal and spectral pattern of electromagnetic radiation emitted by neurons of the subject in response to the second stimulation; comparing the second spatiotemporal and spectral pattern of electromagnetic radiation to the first spa

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining blood flow characteristics of a patient. One method includes: receiving, in an electronic storage medium, patient-specific image data of at least a portion of vasculature of the patient having geometric features at one or more points; generating a patient-specific reduced order model from the received image data, the patient-specific reduced order model comprising estimates of impedance values and a simplification of the geometric features at the one or more points of the vasculature of the patient; creating a feature vector comprising the estimates of impedance values and geometric features for each of the one or more points of the patient-specific reduced order model; and determining blood flow characteristics at the one or more points of the patient-specific reduced order model using a machine learning algorithm trained to predict blood flow characteristics based on the created feature vectors at the one or more points.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for line excitation array detection (LEAD) microscopy. The systems and methods include an excitation beam from an optical beam source and a subject of interest. Light is scanned across the subject of interest and optical signals are detected using a parallel optical detection means.

Abstract: A system and method of enhancing fluorescence assays can include signal modulation.

Abstract: Exemplary method and apparatus for diagnosing or characterizing an inflammation within an anatomical structure can be provided. For example, using at least one source arrangement, it is possible to provide at least one first electro-magnetic radiation to the anatomical structure at at least one first wavelength in vivo. With at least one detector arrangement, it is possible to detect at least one second electro-magnetic radiation at at least one second wavelength provided from the anatomical structure. The second radiation can be associated with the first radiation, and the first wavelength can be shorter than the second wavelength. The second radiation can be provided from the anatomical structure due to at least one change in the anatomical structure caused by the inflammation without providing an artificial fluorescence substance.

Abstract: A method for identification of biochemical markers associated with cervical remodeling over the course of pregnancy of humans includes obtaining Raman signals from the cervix of each of a group of humans with pregnancy at each phase of pregnancy; finding Raman signatures corresponding to each type of cervical tissue from the obtained Raman signals; and identifying biochemical markers associated with cervical remodeling at each phase of pregnancy corresponding to the Raman signatures.

Abstract: A frequency domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (FD-DOS) device and calibration method. The FD-DOS device includes a radio frequency signal generator, a driver, a light source, a silicon photomultiplier, an analog to digital conversion circuit, and an electronic processing circuit. The light source is configured to generate modulated light at a plurality of different wavelengths and modulation frequencies. The silicon photomultiplier is configured to generate analog detection signals indicative of detected optical signals. The analog to digital conversion circuit is configured to generate digital sample values from the analog detection signals. The electronic processing circuit is configured to determine absorption values and scattering values based on the digital sample values. The electronic processing circuit is also configured to determine concentration values based on the absorption values and the scattering values.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a dermoscope and a method for forming an image of a part of a skin having one or more at least partly transparent structures, such as at least partly transparent hair. The dermoscope has a light source, a light shaping unit, and an image forming lens. The light source is arranged to provide light to the light shaping unit. The light shaping unit is arranged to direct at least part of the light via an immersion fluid to the part of the skin having the one or more at least partly transparent structures to be imaged at incident angles in the immersion fluid larger than 70 degrees relative to the optical axis of the dermoscope. The image forming lens is arranged to receive at least light refracted from the one or more at least partly transparent structures.

Abstract: A method (500) for localizing gingival inflammation using an oral care device (10), the method comprising: (i) emitting (520) light at a first intensity by a light emitter (42); (ii) obtaining (530) first reflectance measurements reflectance data; (iii) determining (540), by a controller (30) from the first reflectance data, whether the location comprises gingiva; (iv) automatically adjusting (550), based at least in part on the first reflectance data, the intensity of a light emitter to a second intensity different from the first intensity, and/or automatically adjusting (550) a gain of a light detector; (v) obtaining (560) a second plurality of reflectance measurements by the light detector of the oral care device for at least some of the locations; and (vi) determining (570), using the second plurality of reflectance measurements, whether gingiva at the location is inflamed.

Abstract: A method for localizing gingival inflammation using an oral care device, comprising: (i) simultaneously emitting (520) light by a plurality of light sources (48) of the oral care device, wherein at least some of the plurality of light sources emit light of different wavelengths to result in a plurality of emitted light wavelengths, wherein each of the different wavelengths is modulated with a distinct code; (ii) obtaining (530), by a light detector (40) of the oral care device, reflectance measurements from a location within the user's mouth to generate reflectance data for the location; (iii) demodulating (540), by a controller (30) of the oral care device, the obtained reflectance data; and (iv) determining (560), by the controller using the demodulated reflectance data, whether gingiva at the location is inflamed.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for receiving an indication of a temperature measurement made at a site on a body, the first measurement being of a first type; receiving an indication of an electrical measurement of one or more electrical characteristics made at the site where the temperature measurement was made; determining, based at least in part on the measurement of the one or more electrical characteristics, the site on the body where the temperature measurement was made; associating the measured temperature with the determined site. A method and a computer program product are also provided.

Abstract: Exemplary system, method and computer-accessible medium for estimating a temperature on a portion of a body of an anatomical structure(s) can be provided, using which it is possible to, for example, receive a plurality of magnetic resonance (MR) images for the anatomical structure(s), segment the MR images into a plurality of tissue types, mapping the tissue types to a tissue property(ies), and estimate the temperature on the portion of the body of the patient(s) using a neural network. The tissue property(ies) can include a conductivity, a permittivity, or a density. The density can be a mass cell density. The neural network can be a single neural network. The temperature can be estimated based on a set of vectors between points on the portion of the body and a temperature sensor. Each vector can correspond to a tissue thermal profile for each point.

Abstract: An example method includes detecting, via a sensor, vibrations originating from a vein of a subject and obtaining an intensity spectrum of the detected vibrations over a range of frequencies. The method further includes using the obtained intensity spectrum to determine a metric selected from a group that includes: a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), a mean pulmonary arterial pressure, a pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, a left ventricular end diastolic pressure, a left ventricular end diastolic volume, a cardiac output, total blood volume, and a volume responsiveness of the subject. An example computing device and an example non-transitory computer readable medium that are related to the method are disclosed as well.

Abstract: A Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) guidewire and method of use includes at least two pairs of small surface area, closely spaced electrodes spaced axially along the length of the guidewire to allow one electrode pair to be positioned on each side of a coronary stenosis. The electrodes can sense electrical signals from the myocardium immediately adjacent to the electrodes, enabling the guidewire to record and analyze an Intra-Coronary Electrogram (ICEG) and heart pacing, and, therefore, facilitate more accurately diagnosis of an individual patient's stenosis and provide a more patient specific diagnosis of clinical need.

Abstract: Methods of monitoring arterial blood using an arterial line tube positions adjacent to a groin sheath, as part of a surgical intervention. Described herein are methods and apparatuses (e.g., systems) for introduction of an arterial line tube for contemporaneous and sensitive blood pressure monitoring along with other instrumentation in the course of a therapeutic intervention through a femoral artery, affording improved monitoring results.

Abstract: Intravascular devices, systems, and methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the intravascular devices are guide-wires that include one or more sensing components and a sensor control module that stores information about the guide-wire. In some instances, the information about the guide-wire stored in the sensor control module is calibration information for a sensing component of the guide-wire. In some embodiments, the intravascular devices are guide-wires that include wireless communication functionality. In some instances, the guide-wires include one or more antennas adjacent a proximal portion of the guide-wire. In some instances, the guide-wires include passive radio frequency devices integrated into the guide-wire. Systems associated with such intravascular devices are disclosed. Methods of using such devices and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A measurement device includes a pressure acquisition unit configured to acquire pressure information representing pressure in a pressing cuff, a cuff pressure control unit configured to control, based on the pressure information, the pressure in the pressing cuff during each of a pressurizing step of pressurizing the pressing cuff, a pressurized state maintaining step of maintaining the pressing cuff in a pressurized state after end of the pressurizing step, and a depressurizing step of depressurizing the pressing cuff after end of the pressurized state maintaining step, a blood pressure calculation unit configured to calculate a blood pressure of a user based on the pressure information, and an electrocardiographic measurement unit configured to measure an electrocardiogram of the user during the pressurized state maintaining step.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to electronic technologies, and provide a detection circuit. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the detection circuit includes a first load module, a second load module, a third load module, a first detection module, a second detection module, and an obtaining module. A first end of the first detection module is connected to a junction between a first detection electrode and the first load module, a second end of the first detection module is connected to the obtaining module, a first end of the second detection module is connected to a junction between a second detection electrode and the second load module, and a second end of the second detection module is connected to the obtaining module.

Abstract: An electrocardiograph according to an aspect of the present invention includes an electrocardiographic measurement unit configured to measure electrocardiographic information of a user, a physiological indicator measurement unit configured to measure a physiological indicator of the user, the physiological indicator being different from the electrocardiographic information, a first determination unit configured to determine whether or not the user is in a relaxed state, on the basis of a measurement result of the physiological indicator, and a measurement control unit configured to control the electrocardiographic measurement unit on the basis of a determination result by the first determination unit.

Abstract: A system and method for diagnosing and classifying preeclampsia-related conditions in a patient is provided. Also provided is a system and method for distinguishing preeclampsia-related conditions from other forms of hypertension that may be present in labor and delivery as well as distinguishing patients who will develop the more severe form of preeclampsia. The preeclampsia diagnosis and classification system utilizes non-invasive tests and comprises at least one sensor and a processor comprising a preeclampsia recognizer. In certain embodiments, the system further comprises a user interface.

Abstract: Featured are intravaginal devices and methods of using the devices to observe the state of an individual's pelvic floor muscles in order to diagnose, treat, or prevent pelvic floor disorders (e.g., pelvic organ prolapse and incontinence) and their accompanying symptoms and methods of using the devices to treat or prevent vaginal disorders (e.g., skin laxity) in a subject using an energy transmitter (e.g., a radiofrequency transmitter). Also featured are algorithms to detect pelvic floor movements and physiological indicia from sensor data.

Abstract: Described are various embodiments of a self-monitoring oxygenation system and method. In one embodiment, a system is provided for monitoring for abnormal blood oxygenation levels. The system comprises: an optical spectroscopy probe for acquiring blood oxygenation data representative of deoxyhemoglobin levels over time; and a digital data processor operatively connected to said probe and programmed to: monitor relative variations in said deoxyhemoglobin levels to output a signal representative of a higher health risk rating of hyperoxia.

Abstract: A method of estimating a continuous blood pressure waveform or a continuous blood pressure in a subject including: measuring an arterial blood pressure waveform or an arterial blood pressure with a sensor supported by a supporting structure comprising a polymeric substrate and connected to a processor and a transmitter, wherein the supporting structure is configured to press the sensor against a skin surface of a subject, wherein the sensor is configured to detect a biological metric of the subject, and wherein the processor is configured to quantify one or more signal(s) corresponding to the biological metric and the transmitter is configured to transmit the one or more signals to an external user system, and transforming the arterial blood pressure waveform or the arterial blood pressure to the continuous blood pressure waveform or the continuous blood pressure using a transfer function.