Abstract: Ablation systems and methods include an improved approach to generating heated vapor. The vapor ablation system preferably has a controller having a user interface that receives data indicative of a time of a treatment session, a pump in data communication with the controller, and a catheter having an electrode and is in fluid communication with the pump. The controller is configured to control the pump to provide a fluid to the lumen of the catheter, cause an electrical current to be delivered to the electrode in order to heat the fluid in the lumen and convert the fluid to a heated vapor, control a delivery of the fluid and a generation of the heated vapor based on the data indicative of the time and without modifying the flow rate of the fluid or the level of voltage and/or current of the electrical current based on data from sensors positioned in or on the catheter.

Abstract: An instrument and method for tissue thermotherapy including an inductive heating means to generate a vapor phase media that is used for interstitial, intraluminal, intracavity or topical tissue treatment. In one method, the vapor phase media is propagated from a probe outlet to provide a controlled vapor-to-liquid phase change in an interface with tissue to thereby apply ablative thermal energy delivery.

Abstract: An instrument and method for tissue thermotherapy including an inductive heating means to generate a vapor phase media that is used for interstitial, intraluminal, intracavity or topical tissue treatment. In one method, the vapor phase media is propagated from a probe outlet to provide a controlled vapor-to-liquid phase change in an interface with tissue to thereby apply ablative thermal energy delivery.

Abstract: A lighted electrocautery blade assembly is disclosed for attachment to a handheld electrosurgical instrument, which includes a housing having an LED light assembly at a distal end thereof for illuminating a surgical site, and an electrode operatively associated with the housing and including a distal portion defining an electrocautery blade and a proximal portion defining a connector for electrically coupling with an electrosurgical instrument.

Abstract: A device including a tissue manipulator, a conductive coating and at least one connector area. For example, the tissue manipulator may be scissors, clip appliers or clips, staplers and staple or a vessel sealing device. The conductive coating may be applied to the clip, staple or jaws of the scissors or sealing device. Electrical energy can be supplied through areas of contact (connector areas)—such as between an anvil and a pusher of the stapler and the conductive coating on the staple. The conductive coating can be energized along the mechanical application of the manipulator to transform and facilitate attachment of tissue layers.

Abstract: A bipolar forceps includes a mechanical forceps including first and second shafts each having a jaw member extending from a distal end thereof and a handle disposed at a proximal end thereof for effecting movement of the jaw members relative to one another about a pivot. A disposable housing is configured to releasably couple to at least one of the shafts and an electrode assembly is associated with the disposable housing. The electrode assembly includes electrodes releasably coupleable to the jaw members. At least one of the electrodes includes a knife channel configured to receive a knife blade therethrough to cut tissue grasped between the jaw members. A switch is configured to initiate delivery of electrosurgical energy from the source of electrosurgical energy to the electrodes. An actuation mechanism is configured to selectively advance the knife blade through the knife channel to cut tissue.

Abstract: A surgical instrument (1000) includes an end effector assembly (200) including first and second grasping components (210, 220) each defining a tissue-contacting portion (214, 218, 224, 228). One or both of the first or second grasping components (210, 220) is movable relative to the other between an open position and a closed position. In the closed position, the first and second tissue-contacting portions (214, 218, 224, 228) cooperate to define a grasping area therebetween. One or both of the first or second grasping components (210, 220) is configured to apply energy from the tissue-contacting portion (214, 218, 224, 228) thereof to tissue disposed within the grasping area to treat tissue. The tissue-contacting portion (214, 224) of the first grasping component (210) defines a first opening (219) therethrough. The first opening (219) is disposed within the grasping area and in communication with a first lumen (118) defined at least partially through the first grasping component (210).

Abstract: An apparatus includes a body, a shaft assembly, an articulation section, an end effector, and an articulation drive assembly. The articulation drive assembly is configured to drive the articulation section to deflect the end effector relative to the longitudinal axis from a non-articulated configuration to an articulated configuration. The articulation drive assembly includes a rotatable housing, a static member, and an indication feature. The rotatable housing is rotatably coupled to the body. The static member is fixed relative to the body. The indication feature is configured to indicate when the end effector is deflected into the non-articulated configuration. The indication feature includes a ridge and a cantilever arm. The ridge extends from an exterior surface of the rotatable housing. The cantilever arm defines a slot configured to house the ridge when the end effector is in the non-articulated configuration.

Abstract: A method for performing electrothermal therapy (ETT) includes inserting one or more electrodes into a target tissue, inserting one or more temperature sensors into the target tissue, selecting a pulse waveform for a plurality of electrical pulses, and delivering to the target tissue the plurality of electrical pulses having the selected pulse waveform through the one or more electrodes, wherein a delay between ones of the plurality of electrical pulses is selected based on a temperature reading from the one or more temperature sensors.

Abstract: A catheter can include a catheter shaft, an electrical conductor, a catheter handle, and a compliant circuit. The catheter shaft can include a proximal end and a distal end having at least one electrode or sensor. The electrical conductor can be coupled to the catheter shaft. The electrical conductor can be communicatively coupled to the electrode or the sensor at the distal end of the catheter shaft. The handle can be coupled to the proximal end of the catheter shaft and can include a non-planar surface. The compliant circuit can be configured for communication with an electronic control unit and to conform to the non-planar surface. In an example, the compliant circuit can be electrically coupled to the electrode or the sensor through the electrical conductor. In various examples, the compliant circuit can include a material characteristic to stretch and comply with the non-planar surface.

Abstract: Described herein is a system including a catheter, an optical circuit, a pulsed field ablation energy source, and a processing device. The catheter includes a proximal section, a distal section, and a shaft coupled between the proximal section and the distal section. The optical circuit is configured to transport light at least partially from the proximal section to the distal section and back. The pulsed field ablation energy source is coupled to the catheter and configured to transmit pulsed electrical signals to a tissue sample. The processing device is configured to analyze one or more optical signals received from the optical circuit to determine changes in polarization or phase retardation of light reflected or scattered by the tissue sample, and determine changes in a birefringence of the tissue sample based on the changes in polarization or phase retardation.

Abstract: The disclosure provides various embodiments of catheters having articulable ends that can be used for various procedures. Embodiments of methods are also provided that can be performed with catheters in accordance with the present disclosure.

Abstract: A system for providing irrigation fluid during ablation of tissue includes a catheter, an electrode assembly, at least one thermal sensor adapted to be connected to the catheter, and a control system. The electrode assembly is adapted to be connected to an ablation generator. The thermal sensor is adapted to be operatively connected to an electronic control unit (ECU). The ECU receives as an input temperature measurement data from the thermal sensor; determines a power delivery rate value for the ablation generator responsive to the temperature measurement data; and outputs the power delivery rate value. The control system also delivers irrigation fluid to the irrigated catheter at a first flow rate in a first time period and at a second flow rate in a second time period that is temporally after the first time period. The second flow rate is at least half of the first flow rate.

Abstract: Provided is a catheter including a shaft having a distal end removably connected to a distal portion and a proximal end coupled to a holder; a loop disposed near the distal end and configured to curl around a tissue and receive, via the shaft, energy to denervate at least a portion of the tissue; a loop control disposed on a butt of the holder and configured to deliver a mechanical bending force to the loop. The loop includes at least a portion made of a shape-memory alloy whose shape changes at a critical temperature. In a first mode, the loop is configured to curl around the tissue at a first curvature at a temperature below the critical temperature by the mechanical bending force. In a second mode, the loop is configured to curl around the tissue at a second curvature at a temperature above the critical temperature.

Abstract: A medical device which can be inserted into a tapered biological lumen and can effectively ablate a wide range. The medical device includes an elongated shaft, a plurality of electrically independent electrodes disposed in a distal portion of the elongated shaft, the plurality of electrically independent electrodes extending along an axial direction of the shaft portion and deformable in a radial direction of the elongated shaft, and a plurality of electrically independent conductors including an embedded portion embedded in the elongated shaft, the plurality of electrically independent conductors and configured to allow a current to flow to the plurality of electrodes. At least one of the plurality of electrically independent conductors has a protruding portion protruding from a distal surface of the shaft portion, and connected to one of the plurality of electrically independent electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ablation catheter (1) for the ablation of tissues comprising: a telescopic tubular body (4) in turn comprising an external tubular body (4a) and an internal tubular body (4b) concentric with each other, and a rod-like guiding element (5) at least partly housed in the internal tubular body (4b) with at least one free end (5a) protruding from the internal tubular body (4b) in correspondence with a distal end of the telescopic body (4); a positioning head (2, 2?, 2??, 2°, 2*, 2{circumflex over (?)}) and an ablation head (3) in correspondence with the distal end of the telescopic body (4), the positioning head (2,2?,2??,2?,2*,2{circumflex over (?)}) being situated in the proximity of the free end (5a) of the rod-like guide, and the ablation head (3) in the proximity of the positioning head (2, 2?, 2??, 2°, 2*, 2{circumflex over (?)}), in a remote position with respect to the free end (5a); a control handpiece at a proximal end of the telescopic body (4) coupled with the guiding

Abstract: A method and device for modulating the autonomic nervous system adjacent a pericardial space to treat cardiac arrhythmia includes a treatment source arranged to supply a treatment medium, a catheter having an end sized for insertion into the pericardial space, a medium delivery assembly having a distal end arranged to be positioned by the catheter into the pericardium, with the distal end of the delivery assembly comprising a delivery tip arranged to extend away from the distal end of the catheter into the pericardial space. A connector operatively couples the delivery tip of the medium delivery assembly to the treatment source, and the delivery tip of the medium delivery assembly including a plurality of delivery points for delivering the treatment medium at a plurality of treatment areas within the pericardial space. The device performs modulation or ablation of the autonomic nervous system at selected treatment areas within the pericardium.

Abstract: A neutral electrode (12) is formed on the patient (11) in that an electrically conductible mass that can solidify is applied on the skin of the patient (11). An electrically conductible inlay (17) can be arranged on or embedded in the forming electrode body (16) prior, during or after the application of the mass, the inlay (17) is or can be connected with the neutral electrode connection cable (13). The inlay (17) serves to electrically contact the electrode body (16) in a large area that in turn establishes a reliable electrical contact to the patient (11).

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed apparatuses, systems, and methods that may include a microwave ablation system. The microwave ablation system may include a microwave ablation needle, a controller, a microwave generator configured to provide ablation power to the microwave ablation needle, and a pump configured to provide a coolant to the microwave ablation needle at a flow rate, such that the microwave ablation needle emits microwave radiation based on the received ablation power and the controller is configured to perform a plurality of predefined processes having an associated applied ablation power and coolant flow rate.

Abstract: Low power MASER (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) radiation is used to non-invasively record molecular activity in a biological object such as a brain. Low power MASER radiation is also used to neuromodulate molecular targets via Rabi coupling, resulting for example in conformational and function change in specific molecular targets such as ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, G-proteins, or dopamine receptors. The method can be used to change the energy state of targeted molecules via energization or enervation, or to ablate targeted molecules.

Abstract: A light based treatment device comprises an optical arrangement at a light exit end of an optical fiber. The optical arrangement includes a master oscillator power amplifier based on a semiconductor optical laser and a crystal optical amplifier. In this way, the peak power provided along the optical fiber can be reduced to prevent damage to the optical fiber, while enabling a sufficiently high pulse power to be delivered for tissue treatment.

Abstract: A system for surgical planning and assessment of spinal deformity correction is provided that has a spinal imaging system and a control unit. The spinal imaging system is configured to collect at least one digitized position of one or more vertebral bodies of a subject. The control unit is configured to receive the at least one digitized position, and calculate, based on the at least one digitized position, an optimized posture for the subject. The control unit is configured to receive one or more simulated spinal correction inputs, and based on the inputs and optimized posture, predict an optimal simulated postoperative surgical correction.

Abstract: A method of controlling display of a navigation view for surgical navigation is described. The method comprises obtaining a planned entry point and a planned target, obtaining a current orientation of a surgical instrument, determining a current entry point, and controlling display of a navigation view indicating at least a recommended entry point. The recommended entry point is instantaneously changed from the planned entry point to the current entry point, upon a distance between the planned entry point and the current entry point fulfilling a predefined condition. Also disclosed are a processor, a computer-readable medium and a data carrier signal.

Abstract: A method, a surgical registration device, a sensor device, a system, a computer program, a computer-readable medium and a data carrier signal are disclosed. The surgical registration device comprises a surface, an optical pattern on the surface, and an interface unit to attach to a tracking system. The method comprises obtaining an image of the surgical registration device, detecting the at least one optical pattern in the image, obtaining surface model data describing the surface, obtaining a location of the optical pattern with respect to the surface, determining, based on the detected optical pattern, the surface model data and the location of the optical pattern, a second pose of the surface, obtaining depth information describing three-dimensional coordinates of the surface and determining, based on the second pose, the surface model data and the depth information, a third pose of the surface of the surgical registration device.

Abstract: Surgical systems and methods for tracking physical objects near a target site during a surgical procedure are provided, the surgical system employs a navigation system and a surgical instrument; an instrument tracker is provided on the surgical instrument and a patient tracker is provided on the patient's target tissue; the system and method is configured to detect an error condition compromising accuracy of the navigation guidance and to track and monitor a tool-to-bone offset.

Abstract: An interactive control unit is disclosed. The interactive control unit includes an interactive touchscreen display, an interface configured to couple the control unit to a surgical hub, a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory stores instructions executable by the processor to receive input commands from the interactive touchscreen display located inside a sterile field and transmit the input commands to the surgical hub to control devices coupled to the surgical hub located outside the sterile field.

Abstract: A surgical hub is disclosed. The surgical hub includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory stores instructions executable by the processor to receive first image data from a first image sensor, the first image data represents a first field of view, receive second image data from a second image sensor, wherein the second image data represents a second field of view, and display, on a display coupled to the processor, a first image rendered from the first image data corresponding to the first field of view and a second image rendered from the second image data corresponding to the second field of view.

Abstract: Systems and methods for surgical guidance and image registration are provided, in which three-dimensional image data associated with an object or patient is registered to topological image data obtained using a surface topology imaging device. The surface topology imaging device may be rigidly attached to an optical position measurement system that also tracks fiducial markers on a movable instrument. The instrument may be registered to the topological image data, such that the topological image data and the movable instrument are registered to the three-dimensional image data. The three-dimensional image data may be CT or MRI data associated with a patient. The system may also co-register images pertaining to a surgical plan with the three-dimensional image data. In another aspect, the surface topology imaging device may be configured to directly track fiducial markers on a movable instrument. The fiducial markers may be tracked according to surface texture.

Abstract: A console for a medical includes a display, an eye tracking input module, a second input module, and one or more processors coupled to the display, the eye tracking input module, and the second input module. The one or more processors is configured to perform operations including receiving a first user input from the eye tracking input module; determining, based on the first user input, whether a gaze of a user is directed toward an activation region of the display; in response to determining that the gaze of the user is directed toward the activation region, displaying, via the display, a control; receiving a second user input from the second input module; and adjusting the control based on the second user input.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for evaluating a surgical staff are disclosed. A computer system, such as a surgical hub, can be configured to be communicably coupled to a surgical device and a camera. The computer system can be programmed to determine contextual information pertaining to a surgical procedure based at least in part on perioperative data received from the surgical device during a surgical procedure. Further, the computer system can visually determine a physical characteristic of a surgical staff member via the camera and compare the physical characteristic to a baseline to evaluate the surgical staff member.

Abstract: Various surgical hubs are disclosed. A surgical hub is for use with a medical imaging device at a remote surgical site in a surgical procedure. The surgical hub comprises a circuit configured to: receive a livestream of the surgical site from the medical imaging device; capture an image frame of a surgical step of the surgical procedure from the livestream; derive information relevant to the surgical step from data extracted from the image frame; and overlay the information onto the livestream.

Abstract: A robotic medical system can include a patient platform configured to support a patient during a robotic medical procedure, a column supporting the patient platform, and an arm support coupled to the column with at least one robotic arm coupled to the arm support. The system can also include an indicator positioned on at least one of the arm support and the patient platform, wherein the indicator is configured to indicate state or identity information of the system. The indicator can be a visual indicator.

Abstract: A method of using inverse kinematics to control a robotic system includes receiving an input pose from a user interface to move an arm of the robotic system, calculating a remote center of motion for a desired pose from the input pose in a tool center-point frame, checking when the desire pose needs correction, correcting the desired pose of the arm, and moving the arm to the desired pose in response to the input pose. The arm of the robotic system including a tool having a jaw disposed at an end of the arm. Checking when the desired pose needs correction includes verifying that the remote center of motion is at or beyond a boundary distance in the desired pose. Correcting the desired pose of the arm occurs when the remote center of motion is within the boundary distance.

Abstract: A surgical arm is presented. The surgical arm comprises a first interface configured to receive a device for performing or assisting a surgical procedure and multiple adjustment members configured to adjust the surgical arm relative to a respective adjustment axis. The surgical arm further comprises at least two operating members configured to operate different ones of the adjustment members wherein the operating members are marked with different visual codings. Further a method for providing visual guidance for operating the surgical arm according to a pre-determined surgical approach is presented.

Abstract: A surgical robot based on a ball-and-socket joint and tactile feedback is provided. The ball-and-socket joint includes a spherical member and a joint socket. A first roller and a second roller are arranged in the joint socket to drive a three-dimensional rotation of the spherical member in the joint socket. A sensor is arranged in the joint socket to sense the three-dimensional rotation of the spherical member in the joint socket. A first channel tube, a second channel tube and a surgical instrument are arranged sequentially in a center of the spherical member.

Abstract: Integrated table motion includes a device including a control unit and an arm having one or more joints and a distal portion. The control unit is configured to receive a table movement request from a separate table, determine whether to allow the table movement request based on one or more of whether a type of movement in the table movement request is permitted, whether one or more instruments mounted to the device are within a field of view of an imaging device, or whether one or more instruments mounted to the device are withdrawn into respective cannulas, allow the table to perform the table movement request based on the determining; track movement of the table while the table performs the table movement request; and maintain, using the joint(s) and based on the tracked movement of the table, a position and/or an orientation of the distal portion relative to the table.

Abstract: A robotic surgical system includes a surgical robot and a guide tube. The surgical robot includes a robot arm and a controller. The controller is configured to establish a software-based remote center of motion of a surgical instrument attached to the robot arm based on a location of a surgical portal in a patient through which the surgical instrument is inserted. The guide tube having a trailing end supported by the robot arm of the surgical robot, a leading end inserted in the surgical portal and maintaining alignment between the robotic arm and the surgical portal during a surgical instrument exchange, and an elongated tubular body through which an elongated shaft of the surgical instrument is inserted or removed during the surgical instrument exchange.

Abstract: Various surgical hubs are disclosed. A surgical hub is for use with a surgical system in a surgical procedure performed in an operating room. The surgical hub comprises a control circuit configured to: pair the surgical hub with a first device of the surgical system; assign a first identifier to the first device; pair the surgical hub with a second device of the surgical system; assign a second identifier to the second device; and selectively pair the first device with the second device based on perioperative data.

Abstract: A minimally invasive medical instrument comprises an elongate flexible body including a proximal portion, a distal portion, a transition portion between the proximal portion and the distal portion, an inner sheath, and an outer sheath. The medical instrument further comprises a plurality of conduits positioned within the inner sheath. The plurality of conduits extend through the inner sheath and terminate within the inner sheath. Each conduit includes a conduit lumen and a distal end. The distal end terminates at the transition portion. The medical instrument further comprises at least one tendon extending through the conduit lumen of at least one conduit of the plurality of conduits from the proximal portion into the distal portion of the elongate flexible body. The at least one tendon is actuatable to steer the distal portion.

Abstract: A method of tracking usage of a robotic surgical instrument includes capturing an image of a surgical instrument with an imager during a robotic surgical procedure, identifying a type of the surgical instrument based on the image of the surgical instrument, determining a degree of usage of the surgical instrument based on data acquired by at least one sensor, and determining a stage in a life cycle of the surgical instrument based on the type of surgical instrument identified and the degree of usage determined.

Abstract: An articulating joint comprising a multi-cluster joint where every consecutive pair of links is interfaced by a gimbal, which offers rotation about two orthogonal axes within the same plane. Thus, the articulating joint comprises an alternating sequence of links and gimbals. Furthermore, there may be multiple cables attached to one or more of the links. As these cables are selectively pulled and released, one can achieve any desired articulation of the articulating joint. There may be a transmission member extending through the links and gimbals, parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the joint in its nominal non-articulated condition. This transmission member may be either a tension member that is pulled on (e.g. a cable or flexible pull rod) and that loads the articulating joint in compression, or the transmission member may be a flexible push rod that loads the articulating joint in tension.

Abstract: An instrument drive unit for use in a robotic surgical system includes a carriage configured to be coupled to a robotic arm, a plurality of drive shafts rotationally supported in the carriage, a plurality of electric motors disposed about the plurality of drive shafts, and a plurality of drive gears. Each electric motor includes a stator and a rotor disposed within the stator. Each drive gear is fixed to a corresponding drive shaft and is configured for interfacing with a corresponding driven member of the electromechanical surgical instrument. Each rotor is configured to rotate a corresponding drive gear in response to an activation of a respective electric motor to actuate a function of the electromechanical surgical instrument.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a custom-fit surgical glove for a particular user includes constructing a personal three dimensional digital model of the custom-fit surgical glove using a processing computer. The method further includes translating the personal three dimensional digital model into manufacturing instructions using the processing computer, and the method includes constructing the custom-fit surgical glove using at least an additive manufacturing process and using the manufacturing instructions.

Abstract: A device for holding and releasing an object (2), such as a medical implant, is proposed. The device comprises two hook systems (11, 12) to which said object (2) is able to be coupled so as to allow said hook systems (11, 12) to jointly hold said object (2). Said hook systems (11, 12) are configured such that, in the state in which said object (2) is coupled to said hook systems (11, 12), at least one of the hook systems (11, 12) is subjected to a return force (F11, F12) that makes it possible to keep the object (2) coupled to said hook systems (11, 12). Also proposed are a corresponding assembly and a corresponding releasing method.

Abstract: A force sensor includes a substrate, a plurality of sensing elements, a seal, and a cover plate. The substrate includes a proximal surface and a distal surface, with the plurality of sensing elements coupled to the distal surface of the substrate. The seal includes a base wall and a flange extending proximally from the base wall. The flange is positioned against the distal surface of the substrate to define a cavity between the base wall of the seal and the distal surface of the substrate within which the plurality of sensing elements are disposed. The cover plate is positioned over the seal and fixed to the substrate. The cover plate applies a closure force on the seal to inhibit the ingress of fluids into the cavity.

Abstract: A distance-measuring method includes acquiring a first curvature angle of a curved portion in a first state in which an endoscope is inserted into a body cavity and captures an observation target, a second curvature angle of the curved portion in a second state in which an insertion direction of the endoscope is changed with a position of a trocar as a pivot point while capturing the same observation target as in the first state, a change amount in an insertion angle due to a change in the insertion direction, and an insertion amount of the endoscope from the pivot point of the trocar to the curved portion, so as to calculate a distance from a distal end portion of the endoscope to the observation target in a state in which the endoscope is inserted into the body cavity via the trocar.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus and to a method for fixing a target object in place and for orienting an instrument relative to the target object which has been fixed in place. The target object is here fixed in place by a first mask element. A second mask element is arranged on the outside thereof. By an adjusting facility, the second mask element may then be shifted relative to the first mask element, whereby the instrument retained by or passed through the second mask element is oriented.

Abstract: A surgical visualization system that can include a structured light emitter, a spectral light emitter, an image sensor, and a control circuit is disclosed herein. The structured light emitter can emit a structured pattern of electromagnetic radiation onto an anatomical structure. The spectral light emitter can emit electromagnetic radiation including a plurality of wavelengths. At least one of the wavelengths can penetrate a portion of the anatomical structure and reflect off a subject tissue. The image sensor can detect the structured pattern of electromagnetic radiation reflected off the anatomical structure and the at least one wavelength reflected off the subject tissue. The control circuit can receive signals from the image sensor, construct a model of the anatomical structure, detect a location of the subject tissue, and determine a margin about the subject tissue, based on at least one signal received from the image sensor.

Abstract: A system includes a robotic arm, an autosteroscopic display, a user image capture device, an image processor, and a controller. The robotic arm is coupled to a patient image capture device. The autostereoscopic display is configured to display an image of a surgical site obtained from the patient image capture device. The image processor is configured to identify a location of at least part of a user in an image obtained from the user image capture device. The controller is configured to, in a first mode, adjust a three dimensional aspect of the image displayed on autostereoscopic display based on the identified location, and, in a second mode, move the robotic arm or instrument based on a relationship between the identified location and the surgical site image.

Abstract: A visualization system including multiple light sources, an image sensor configured to detect imaging data from the multiple light sources, and a control circuit is disclosed. At least one of the light sources is configured to emit a pattern of structured light. The control circuit is configured to receive the imaging data from the image sensor, generate a three-dimensional digital representation of the anatomical structure from the pattern of structured light detected by the imaging data, obtain metadata from the imaging data, overlay the metadata on the three-dimensional digital representation, receive updated imaging data from the image sensor, and generate an updated three-dimensional digital representation of the anatomical structure based on the updated imaging data. The visualization system can be communicatively coupled to a situational awareness module configured to determine a surgical scenario based on input signals from multiple surgical devices.