Abstract: Dynamic reference arrays use markers and trackers to register a patient's anatomy to computer system. Wherein the dynamic reference array may be screwed into a patient's spinous process, clamped on to a spinous process, or attached to the spinous process using posts. In embodiments, a dynamic reference array may comprise a single structure comprising and attachment member and a scaffold. In alternate embodiments, the dynamic reference array may comprise distinct structures that allow the dynamic reference array to swivel and collapse in order to facilitate registration, while not interfering with a surgical procedure.

Abstract: A surgery support system according to an embodiment includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry acquires medical information of a subject under surgery. The processing circuitry detects an event relating to an abnormality, based on the acquired medical information of the subject. The processing circuitry associates a point of time of detecting the event relating to the abnormality with the medical information acquired at the point of time to generate association information.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for integrating and optimizing a surgical suite. An ophthalmic suite can include a surgical console, a heads-up display communicatively coupled with a surgical camera for capturing a three-dimensional image of an eye, and a surgical suite optimization engine. The surgical suite optimization engine can performs a wide variety of actions in response to action codes received from the other components in the surgical suite. The surgical suite optimization engine can be integrated within another component of the surgical suite, can be a stand-alone module, and can be a cloud-based tool.

Abstract: A robotic surgical instrument includes a housing, a support plate disposed within the housing, and a shaft having a proximal end portion coupled to the support plate within the housing, a proximal segment, a distal segment, and an articulating portion interconnecting the proximal and distal segments. An end effector assembly is coupled to the distal segment of the shaft. A plurality of actuation components extends through the support plate and at least a portion of the shaft to operably couple to at least one of the end effector assembly, the articulating portion, or the distal segment to enable selective actuation of the end effector assembly. A seal configuration establishes seals against an interior annular surface of the shaft, about each actuation component of the plurality of actuation components, and within the proximal end portion of the shaft to inhibit fluid communication from the shaft into the housing.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a hand controller apparatus for controlling a tool in a robotic surgery system can include a body including a proximal end and a distally located interface end configured to be coupled to an input apparatus configured to control a surgical tool. The hand controller apparatus can include a control lever attached to a pivot joint proximate a side surface of the body and extending along the body and away from the proximal end, the control lever being laterally moveable relative to the side surface of the body about the pivot joint. The control lever can include a tail region adjacent to the pivot joint and a paddle region connected to the tail region and extending toward the distally located interface end. The tail region can include an inner surface facing the body and an outer surface opposing the inner surface, and at least part of the outer surface of the tail region can be outwardly curved.

Abstract: A robotic surgical system and method of selectively binding articulation limits to a surgical instrument includes detecting a proximal or a distal linear movement of the surgical instrument, calculating a distance between a tool center point of the surgical instrument after the proximal or the distal linear movement and a remote center of motion, assigning and binding an articulation limit to the surgical instrument based on the calculated distance when the detected linear movement is distal linear movement, and assigning a non-binding articulation limit to the surgical instrument based on the calculated distance when the detected linear movement is proximal a linear movement.

Abstract: A teleoperational medical system for performing a medical procedure in a surgical field includes a dynamic guided setup system having step-by-step setup instructions for setting up a teleoperational assembly having at least one motorized surgical arm configured to assist in a surgical procedure. It also includes a user interface configured to communicate the step-by-step setup instructions to a user. The dynamic guided setup system is configured to automatically recognize completion of a first setup step based on detected physical arrangement of at least one surgical arm on a teleoperational assembly and automatically display a prompt for a subsequent setup step after the recognizing completion of the first setup step.

Abstract: A teleoperated manipulator system includes a manipulator assembly and a tool actuation assembly coupled to the manipulator assembly. The tool actuation assembly inserts a tool, such as a surgical instrument, along an insertion axis and also rotates the tool around the insertion axis. The manipulator assembly includes an arm that rotates with reference to a mounting base to rotate the tool around a yaw axis that intersects the insertion axis. A distal portion of the arm defines an arcuate pitch arc, and a center of the pitch arc is coincident with the intersection of the insertion axis and the yaw axis. The tool actuation assembly is driven along the pitch arc to pitch the tool. The manipulator system is optionally a telesurgical system, and the tool is optionally a therapeutic, diagnostic, or imaging surgical instrument.

Abstract: An instrument system includes an instrument, a drive system, and a controller operably connected to a first drive mechanism and a second drive mechanism of the drive system. The controller is configured to operate the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism drive a flexible tensioning member of the instrument to cause movement of an end effector of the instrument while maintaining a tension applied to the flexible tensioning member of the instrument in a tension range.

Abstract: A computer-assisted medical system includes robotic manipulators, a user input system operable to generate signals to control the manipulators, and a controller configured to execute instructions to perform operations. A portion of the user input system is movable relative to the plurality of manipulators. The operations include, in a pairing mode, associating a first manipulator of the plurality of manipulators with the portion of the user input system based on movement of the portion of the user input system relative to the first manipulator, and, in a following mode, controlling motion of the first manipulator in accordance with an indication generated by the user input system in response to operation of the portion of the user input system by a user.

Abstract: Systems and methods for saturated robotic movement are provided. In one aspect, there is provided a robotic system, including a robotic arm configured to control movement of a medical instrument, and a processor configured to: receive a first user input from a user for moving the medical instrument with the robotic arm, determine that moving the robotic arm according to the first user input would cause a contact point of the robotic arm to contact or cross a collision boundary surrounding an object, and guide the movement of the robotic arm such that the contact point of the robotic arm continuously moves along the collision boundary based in part on the first user input, in response to the determination that moving the robotic arm according to the first user input would cause the contact point to contact or cross the collision boundary.

Abstract: A system for treating a target tissue of a patient comprises a first robotic arm coupled to a treatment probe for treating the target tissue of the patient, and a second robotic arm coupled to an imaging probe for imaging the target tissue of the patient. The system further comprises one or more computing devices operably coupled with the first robotic arm and the second robotic arm, the one or more computing devices configured to execute instructions for controlling movement of one or more of the first robotic arm or the second robotic arm. The treatment probe and/or imaging probe may be constrained to be moved only within an allowable range of motion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide improved methods and apparatus for coupling a probe to an instrument device manipulator (e.g., robotic arm). In some embodiments, a probe, which may be carried by a handpiece, is configured to couple to the end of a device manipulator of a robotic arm. A transmission can be provided that is configured to couple to the probe and also couple to the instrument device manipulator. The transmission can be configured to receive motion input from the instrument device manipulator and transfer the motion input into motion of the probe. The transmission can provide improved movement of the probe. By decreasing the number of components on the handpiece and probe, the handpiece and probe can be provided as a sterile, single use consumable device and the transmission can be reused.

Abstract: Control cables in a surgical instrument are kept parallel to the instrument's longitudinal axis to prevent transverse forces from the cables being sensed by a transverse force sensor in the instrument. A surgical instrument includes an elongated hollow shaft having a longitudinal center axis. Multiple cables extend within the shaft. A force sensor includes a beam disposed within the shaft and one or more strain gauges disposed on the beam. A proximal anchor is disposed within the shaft and in contact with a proximal end of the beam. A distal anchor is at the distal end of the shaft and in contact with a distal end of the beam. A cable guide is disposed within the shaft to constrain portions of the multiple cables disposed alongside the beam to movement parallel to the center axis, and so prevent force from the moving cables causing transverse force on the beam.

Abstract: A surgical tool is provided that includes a hollow shaft and a cable extending within the shaft such that the cable is isolated from external forces imparted to the shaft; the shaft and a carriage are included as links of a 4-bar linkage that also includes first and second side links that are rotatably mounted to the carriage at respective first and second distal pivot axes and that are rotatably mounted to the shaft at respective first and second proximal pivot axes; the segment of the cable extends between a distal pulley rotatably at the carriage and a proximal pulley rotatably mounted at the shaft and a segment of the cable extends within the shaft; a distance between the first distal and first proximal pivot axes matches a distance between an axis of the distal pulley axis and an axis of the proximal pulley such that a rocking motion of the 4-bar linkage due to external force upon the shaft exerts no force upon the cable.

Abstract: An adapter assembly for selectively interconnecting an end effector and a surgical device includes a housing configured to connect to the surgical device, a shaft assembly extending from the housing, a cable drive assembly, and a coupling member. The cable drive assembly includes a cable supported in the housing. The coupling member is secured to the cable and configured to connect to the end effector. The coupling member is movable relative to the shaft assembly in response to movement of the cable.

Abstract: A propelling device and methods of use thereof. The device is configured to propel through a medium, using external magnetic stimuli applied thereon; the device comprises: a propelling-element and a magnet in communication with the propelling element. The magnet is configured to respond to the applied magnetic stimuli and to rotate the propelling-element; the propelling-element is configured to convert rotary motion thereof into translation motion, and thereby to propel the device through the medium.

Abstract: User interfaces for robotic medical systems that display graphical representations of user input devices are disclosed. The robotic medical system can include a user input device that has one or more user inputs configured to allow a user to operate the robotic medical system and a user display configured to display information about the robotic medical system to the user. The system can provide a graphical representation of the user input device on the user display, determine a state of the robotic medical system, and based on the determined state, provide an updated graphical representation of the user input device. The updated graphical representation can provide an indication to the user of how to interact with the user input device.

Abstract: This present invention relates to a disposable sterilization indicator cap for use with a medical cannister or device. The disposable cap includes an indicator word or symbol visible on its exterior surface, and may be made from a relatively lightweight material. The disposable cap further comprises a repositionable closure for accommodating medical cannisters and devices of various sizes and shapes. The disposable cap prevents used medical canisters and other devices from being inadvertently used on multiple patients without having been properly sanitized, and eliminates the cross contamination that can occur when a dirty canister is inadvertently used.

Abstract: An imaging system gantry and patient drape includes a gantry first outer sidewall covering portion biased into a deployed shape and collapsible, a gantry inner wall covering portion extending inward of the gantry first outer sidewall covering portion, and a patient envelope portion. One or more retainers secure a portion of the drape to the gantry. In some versions, one or more drape portions rotate with the gantry and one or more other drape portions do not rotate with the gantry.

Abstract: A sheath for a surgical instrument may include a sleeve having a distal end and proximal end, and a retention mechanism at a proximal end portion of the sleeve. The retention mechanism may comprise a sleeve attachment portion configured to be attached to the sleeve at the proximal end portion, and a locking collar extending from the sleeve attachment portion, wherein the locking collar is configured to receive a connector portion of a surgical instrument. The locking collar further may include a locking feature movable between a first configuration, in which the sheath is moveable relative to the surgical instrument, and a second configuration, in which the locking feature is configured to engage with the connector portion to retain the sheath in position on the surgical instrument.

Abstract: A sterile drape according to an embodiment may include: a flexible film member including a first opening and a second opening and configured to cover the robot arm received through the second opening; and a resin molded member configured to close the first opening of the flexible film member. The resin molded member includes: an upper surface portion having a shape and a size fitted to an attachment surface of an attachment portion of the robot arm; a side surface portion extending downward from the upper surface portion; and a projection which projects outward from a lower edge of the side surface portion and to which the flexible film member is welded.

Abstract: A protective equipment includes a rotatable window and an extended member secured to a peripheral edge of the rotatable window. The rotatable window may be configured as a shield to be disposed between a patient and a healthcare worker to minimize exposure of the healthcare worker to at least one of the patient's bodily fluids, bacteria, and viruses. A port provides entrance by one or more instruments through the rotatable window or the extended member, thereby providing access to the patient while protecting the healthcare worker from the patient's bodily fluids, bacteria and/or viruses. The protective equipment may include an air flow system configured to receive and filter air expelled by the patient, to pull the expelled air away from the patient's face and to filter/clean the expelled air.

Abstract: A surgery assisting device using augmented reality includes: a camera configured to record an affected area or a surgical site of a patient; wireless transmission equipment configured to receive and transmit an image recorded by the camera in real time; smart glasses configured to display the image transmitted by the wireless transmission equipment to a wearer; and an Augmented Reality (AR) server configured to add augmented reality to the image and provide the wearer with the augmented reality.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (1) for providing image data during an extraction procedure for extracting a lead from the body of a subject using an extraction device (7). The device comprises an input (2) for receiving live x-ray projection image data of the lead during the extraction procedure and for receiving three-dimensional image data as acquired before the extraction procedure. A processing unit (3) determines a position of the extraction device (7) in the three-dimensional image data by detecting the position in the live projection image data during the procedure and correlates this position in the live projection image data with the position in the three-dimensional image data. An output (4) generates an image of a cross-sectional view of the lead and/or its surrounding body structure at the determined position based on the three-dimensional image data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing an optically detectable and retro-reflective medical tracking marker, wherein electromagnetic energy is applied to at least one section of a retro-reflective surface of a marker structure in an amount that is sufficient to alter the material properties of the retro-reflective surface, such that the capability of reflecting electromagnetic radiation of the at least one section is reduced to a second capability of reflecting electromagnetic radiation. The present invention further relates to a corresponding retro-reflective medical tracking marker and a corresponding use thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of endoscopy. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods which allow the distal portion of a catheter to be visualized within the body using a colored marker and one or more secondary markers. In particular, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods which indicate when a medical device is properly positioned for deployment within a body lumen.

Abstract: Apparatus, system, and methods are provided for reducing infectious agents at a sterile site by preventing infectious agents from coming into contact with the sterile site. A barrier is produced for infectious agents that may come in proximity or otherwise communicate with the site. The apparatus is configured to create a void-free barrier in which infectious agents are reduced with minimal exposure of potentially harmful effects of the barrier to the sterile site, objects, or users of the apparatus.

Abstract: A teleoperable medical system comprises a manipulator arm and a cannula mount coupled to the manipulator arm. The manipulator arm comprises an interface configured to operably couple with a medical instrument. The cannula mount is configured to removably mount a cannula to the manipulator arm in a position to permit removable insertion of the medical instrument through the cannula. The cannula mount comprises a receptacle configured to receive an attachment portion of the cannula in a mounted state of the cannula, and a reader positioned to be in magnetic field sensing proximity to the attachment portion of the cannula in the mounted state of the cannula. The teleoperable medical system comprises a controller configured to receive output signals from the reader and determine identification information about the cannula based on the output signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to structures of a dental care unit used in dental care work. In the invention, a frame part of the dental care unit comprises a means to attach a vertically extending support part, and a cover structure (22) of the frame part comprises at least a first and a second cover part (22?, 22?). The support part extends vertically essentially from an area of a seam locus (23) between the cover parts, whereto is arranged a seam element (24). The seam element (24) is preferably arranged to emit light as controlled by a control system of the dental care unit. A dental care unit like this is specifically applicable for use in a dental care room or premises comprising several dental care units.

Abstract: Disclosed are an instantaneous dental implant surgery guiding device and a method thereof, of which a main structure includes a base, a receiving space, a sphere, a through hole, and a adjustor. With the above structure, a dentist places the base at a tooth missing site in a patient oral portion, and, after applying glue for fixing, carries out computer-tomographic scanning to allow the dentist to diagnose and assess, and then, the adjustor may be operated to drive the sphere to move in the receiving space in order to change angle and position of the through hole of the sphere, thereby allowing the dentist to apply an implant driller to make a drill along a predetermined route defined by the through hole of the sphere, enabling subsequent operations of expanding the implant route in a bone with drillers of different sizes and positioning the implant.

Abstract: A dental instrument is designed to help facilitate the procedure of root canal therapy and can reduce the inaccuracies that are accompanied with using traditional methods of attaching an electronic apex location (EAL) to an endodontic hand file. The endodontic hand file can include an exposed window in the handle of the file that holds an extension of the main body of the file. The clasp from the EAL can attach to this exposed metal in the window of the handle. This new location for attaching the EAL to the hand file can provide an accurate measurement while removing variables such as file movement in the canal, stopper thickness, clearance from the opposing tooth. The endodontic hand file with its exposed window provides a safe, reliable and accurate way of using an EAL to measure the root canal length.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to enable safer treatment and to reduce variation of treatment effects in root canal treatment using a dental handpiece, regardless of operator's skill level. The present invention is a dental handpiece system including a handpiece and a rod-shaped cutting tool, in which the handpiece includes a handpiece body and a head part provided at a tip of the handpiece body, the rod-shaped cutting tool is rotatably attached to the head part of the handpiece and is used to cut a root canal, and the dental handpiece system detects at least one selected from the group consisting of a force applied to the handpiece from an external matter in an axial direction of the cutting tool and an acceleration of the handpiece in the axial direction of the cutting tool when cutting the root canal.

Abstract: Dental crowns and methods of making the same. The dental crown may include a metal shell shaped to cover a portion of a tooth of a patient; a coating retention metal layer diffusion bonded to the metal shell, wherein an interface between the coating retention layer and the metal shell comprises a plurality of interstitial regions; and a composition on the coating retention layer and within the plurality of the interstitial regions to bond the coating composition to the metal shell.

Abstract: Methods for the restoration of a decayed portion of a tooth and dental matrices that may be used in the methods for the restoration of a decayed portion of a tooth are disclosed. Methods for direct elective composite additive crowning and veneering of teeth that may or may not have decay or previous restorations are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the restoration of a decayed portion of an anterior tooth or re-restoration of a previously filled anterior tooth, and to dental matrices and composite resin dispensers that may be used in the methods for the restoration of a decayed portion of an anterior tooth.

Abstract: Techniques for preparing a model (e.g., a digital model) of a person's teeth are described. The techniques include receiving a model of a maxillary arch and a mandibular arch of a person's teeth, operating an automated mesh cleaning operation to modify the model, segmenting the model to identify individual teeth and gum tissue in the model, identifying and marking features of each tooth of the model, and adjusting the individual teeth of the model into a recommended orientation relative to each other, and applying a treatment method. The treatment method may include a selection of a bracket type and an aligner type. The techniques may determine a proposed location of brackets or aligners on the individual teeth based on the applied treatment method and export a digital model of a bracket tray for formation of a bracket tray that can be used to secure the brackets to a person's teeth.

Abstract: An orthodontic molar distalizer having a molar component, a mesial anchor tooth attachment, and an elongate member therebetween. The elongate member features a hook for receiving a traction member for imparting distalizing force. A spring biasing means is positioned between the hook and the molar tube for applying distalizing force on the molar component and reducing canine over eruption. A telescopic distalizer comprised of an inner tube, an outer tube, and a plunger can be adjusted to a patient's anatomy. An arched distalizer having a threaded bolt connection between the elongate member and the molar component is also provided.

Abstract: An orthodontic bracket and archform system that uses friction-free mechanics are disclosed. The archform can have a male fastener that can be retained within an orthodontic bracket. The orthodontic bracket can have varying locking mechanism, such as deflectable tabs, springs, locking pins, and others, that can cooperate with features of the male fastener to prevent sliding between the archform and the bracket.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a digital scan body alignment method and a device using the same. The present invention corrects scan data through library data corresponding to image data on oral structure. At that time, to achieve best-fit of aligning the library data to the scan data initially, the data alignment can be performed by using a first alignment step. In order to accomplish data correction by more accurate data alignment, a second alignment step can be performed using the library data which includes shape information and axis information. By performing the second alignment step, corrected data having higher reliability can be formed, and a more precise prosthesis can be provided to a patient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of processing three-dimensional scan data for manufacture of dental prosthesis, the method identifies a position for an implant procedure on the basis of image data for an oral structure, and generates aligned image data by retrieving, from a library, data corresponding to a scan body or an abutment, only a part of which has been scanned, by replacing a part or the whole of the image data with the retrieved data, and by aligning a position and a direction of the image data. By using the method, user can easily identify an oral structure from the image data obtained by scanning partial shape of the scan body or the abutment, and the method provides feedback to the user so that the method guides the user to correct measurement. Therefore, the prosthesis can be manufactured more quickly due to reduced scan time.

Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to a method of manufacturing dentures by using a tray cap jig having false teeth fixed unmovably during milling thereof, the tray cap jig, which is depressed, being manufactured according to a rectangular parallelepiped shape or the same shape as the teeth arrangement in an oral cavity set by a dental denture design software of a 3D printer, the method including: manufacturing the tray cap jig of the same shape as the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped container or teeth arrangement in an oral cavity by using the 3D printer; inserting false teeth into a false teeth hole provided in the depressed tray cap jig; and cutting each of roots of the false teeth to a depth set by the dental denture design software after inserting the false teeth into the tray cap jig.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a zirconia mill blank for dental cutting and machining which may impart reproducibility of color tone similar to a natural tooth and high strength to a zirconia perfect sintered body without a special sintering method such as HIP treatment. [Solution] A zirconia mill blank for dental cutting and machining comprises at least two intermediate layers LA and LB which satisfy the following Formula (1) and Formula (2), wherein the layer LA is contained in a section A in which a distance from one plane of two planes is within 40% of the distance between the two planes and the layer LB is contained in a section B in which a distance from the other plane is within 40% of the distance between the two planes, wherein in a case in which, a sintered body prepared by sintering at 1550° C. a test specimen cut out from the layer LA is defined as sintered body SA, a sintered body at 1550° C.

Abstract: [Problem] To support the metal without segregation on the zirconia mill blank for dental cutting and machining which has been adjusted to a hardness that enables to cut and machine by calcining at a low temperature. [Solution] A zirconia mill blank for dental cutting and machining is prepared by A preparing method of a zirconia mill blank for dental cutting and machining, comprising an impregnation step of impregnating a porous zirconia molded body with an impregnating solution containing at least one metal ion and at least one precipitant, and a deposition step of decomposing the precipitant in the porous zirconia molded body to deposit a metal compound.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a seamless and smooth circular dental floss for cleaning the gap between teeth with the advantages of great simplicity and cost effectiveness. A convenient dental floss package containing three sets of seamless and smooth circular floss with three different but preferred diameters, such as 50 mm, 70 mm and 90 mm may be provided for benefiting a family use or different habits in size.

Abstract: An apparatus for holding dental floss in tension, comprises of two components that form two sets of pivoted arms that holds the floss in tension between them; a means that host a repository of floss, such as a spool for example; and a means to anchor the dental floss that also hosts a sharp object to sever the excessive floss segment. Angular movement happens when the said two pivoted components move close to and away from each other. The said angular movement is then transformed to the horizontal sliding movement of a separate module which in turn locks the said repository of the spool, stopping it from dispensing more floss; changes the overall body length of the said apparatus; and drive a means which anchor and grip tight the floss. Together the locked repository, gripping anchor, and changing of the device length tighten the floss being held between the said two sets of the pivoted arms.

Abstract: A directed jet mouthpiece (10) comprises at least one mouthpiece trough (12, 14) configured to fit over a front portion of a dental arch of a user's teeth. The at least one mouthpiece trough includes a buccal-side vertical member (16), a lingual-side vertical member (18) and an occlusal-side horizontal member (20) extending in between. The at least one mouthpiece trough further includes at least one fluidics inlet (22), a plurality of jet orifices (24) on both buccal- and lingual-side vertical members, and at least one fluidics path (26) disposed between the fluidics inlet and jet orifices. A plurality of directed jet orifices (28) is disposed in end regions (30) of the at least one mouthpiece trough. The at least one fluidics path (26) is further disposed between the fluidics inlet and plurality of directed jet orifices. The plurality of directed jet orifices (28) direct fluid jets rearward towards a remainder of teeth in a user's mouth beyond the end regions (30) of the at least one mouthpiece trough.

Abstract: An oral medical assist device for covering an oral area of a patient, including a mask body, is provided. The mask body, is at least partially transparent and defines an internal space, including a suction connecting portion and an operation portion. The suction connecting portion and the operation portion are configured to opposite to each other. The operation portion includes at least one opening. The suction connecting portion is configured to connect to a medical suction device to absorb objects in the internal space while the mask body covers the patient's oral area. Another oral medical assist device includes a closed end, so that the droplets from the oral area will not be spread outside of the mask body. In this way, the oral medical assist device can reduce or prevent droplets from spreading to the environment when the patient opens his/her mouth.

Abstract: An oral care apparatus that includes an oral care implement and a tracking module detachably coupled to the oral care implement. The oral care implement includes a body having an inner surface that defines an internal cavity. The tracking module may be coupled to the oral care implement by inserting a portion of the tracking module into the internal cavity of the body. The tracking module includes a coupling portion and an electronics portion that are coupled together so as to be fixed together in the axial direction but freely rotatable relative to one another. The tracking module may only be able to be inserted into the internal cavity of the body in a single orientation. Furthermore, when in the internal cavity, the electronics portion of the tracking module may be non-rotatable relative to the body while the coupling portion of the tracking module remains rotatable relative to the body.

Abstract: An optical sensor for an instrument to form a closed-loop curing instrument that is configured to manage the quantity of delivered energy to a curable material, including a composite restoration for a tooth. The closed-loop curing instrument is configured to analyze a signal indicative of the light reflecting from the curable material, and to adjust light output based on the analysis.