Abstract: The present invention relates to a shoe washing and sterilizing dryer for automatically washing, drying and sterilizing shoes such as sneakers, and so on, and more particularly, to a shoe washing and sterilizing dryer that is capable of allowing injection nozzles to spray a washing liquid to the form of fine particles into the surfaces of shoes and then allowing brushes to be rotatably moved up and down to perfectly wash the surfaces of the shoes, and also capable of allowing hot air generated from a heater to blow into the shoes and simultaneously allowing ultraviolet light to be irradiated onto the interiors of the shoes from UV lamps to perform both of drying and sterilizing processes for the shoes, thereby enhancing wearing comfort of the shoes and protecting a wearer from athlete's foot or various diseases.

Abstract: A shoe treating apparatus having a cabinet including at least one storage space, a rotatable duct part disposed in an upper portion of the storage space and configured to rotate toward the interior of the storage space, a treatment part configured to provide treatment on a shoe, and a processor configured to control an operation of the rotatable duct part and electrically connected to the treatment part is provided. The processor may, based on detecting a shoe in the storage space, rotate the rotatable duct part toward the interior of the detected shoe and may control treatment on the detected shoe through the rotatable duct part after the rotatable duct part is rotated toward the interior of the detected shoe. A method of operating a shoe treating apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A shoe treating apparatus includes an upper cabinet, a lower cabinet disposed below the upper cabinet, an electronic component part disposed below the lower cabinet, a sensor part, and a processor electrically connected to the electronic component part and the sensor part. The processor may identify at least one of a material, a type, and a condition of at least one shoe in the upper cabinet, and based on the identification, perform normal treatment on the at least one shoe in the upper cabinet through the electronic component part. The processor may identify at least one of a material, a type, and a condition of at least one shoe in the lower cabinet, and based on the identification, perform intensive treatment on the at least one shoe in the lower cabinet through the electronic component part. A method of operating the shoe treating apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A shoe management apparatus includes a first management apparatus, including a first inner space and an electric compartment disposed below the first inner space for dehumidifying air introduced into the electric compartment, and removing foreign matter from the shoes stored in the first inner space; and a second management apparatus disposed above the first management apparatus, including a second inner space for storing a shoe, and for adjusting humidity of the second inner space using air discharged from the electric compartment.

Abstract: A shoe management apparatus including a cabinet defining an inner space for storing shoes, an exhaust port disposed at a rear surface of the inner space and discharging air into the inner space, and a circulation filter disposed on an inner wall of the cabinet and for filtering air within the inner space of the cabinet, the circulation filter including an upper portion including a first opening and a lower portion including a second opening, the lower portion being disposed below the upper portion.

Abstract: A shoe management apparatus including a receiving portion defining a receiving space for receiving a shoe therein, a first supply portion for guiding a fluid flow and extending towards the receiving space, and a second supply portion at least partially disposed inside the first supply portion and protruding in a longitudinal direction of the first supply portion to supply a fluid into the shoe.

Abstract: A shoe management apparatus including a receiving portion defining a receiving space for receiving shoes therein, a first supply portion for guiding flow of a fluid towards the receiving portion, the first supply portion including a stationary duct disposed above the receiving space, a flexible duct connected to the stationary duct and able to rotate to change shape, a rotatable duct connected to the flexible duct and a first driver connected to the rotatable duct and for generating a rotational force to rotate the rotatable duct.

Abstract: A distal end frame includes: a first distal end frame member that includes a resin molded product which constitutes a molded interconnect device; a housing chamber that is provided on a distal end side of the first distal end frame member, and is formed of a recessed portion a distal end and one side of which are opened; a second distal end frame member that is composed of the resin molded product constituting the molded interconnect device, and is configured to close the one side of the housing chamber; a signal pattern that is the metal pattern formed in a region including a first joining surface which is a joining surface with the second distal end frame member, on a surface of the first distal end frame member; and a solder material which is configured to join the first distal end frame member and the second distal end frame member.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a processor. An image signal includes a first image signal corresponding to first light and a second image signal corresponding to second light. The processor determines at least one of whether or not a submucosa region or a bleeding region is included in an image based on the image signal. In a case where the submucosa region is included, the processor performs conversion processing that increases a combination ratio of the second image signal to the first image signal in an image region including the submucosa region, and allocates a combined image signal to a G-channel. In a case where the bleeding region is included, the processor performs conversion processing that increases a combination ratio of the first image signal to the second image signal in an image region including the bleeding region, and allocates the combined image signal to the G-channel.

Abstract: An antenna holder includes: a plurality of antenna holding portions configured to hold reception antennas configured to receive a radio signal transmitted from a capsule endoscope; a main body to which the antenna holding portions are fixed; a stretch portion that is mounted on the main body, the stretch portion being configured to cover all of the antenna holding portions; and a belt portion that is attached to the main body across the stretch portion in a first direction.

Abstract: Endoscope systems with bending sections that can bend in four directions independent of the rotatable viewing configuration of the endoscope systems are provided. Methods of using the endoscope systems in a patient's body are further provided.

Abstract: A device, a system, and a method for diagnosis and treatment of e.g., mitral valve regurgitation. The system includes a catheter that is configured to deflect and/or steer a distal tip of the catheter inside a patient's body, a guide wire that is configured to guide the catheter in an enclosed in vivo space within the patient's body, a proximal device handle that is configured to allow the non-parallel spiral cable to switch back and forth between flexibility modes, and a treatment device that is independent of, yet still within, an instrument channel of the catheter, wherein the distal tip of the catheter further includes an inflatable balloon which may be an asymmetrical intussuscepted shape, and may be attached within a section of the distal tip of the catheter, wherein the distal tip further includes a visualization device for directly viewing an in vivo space within the patient.

Abstract: An endoscope includes two or more imaging modules having a lens barrel containing an optical system, an image sensor, and a sensor holding member that relatively fixes the lens barrel and the image sensor, a sub-frame that relatively fixes each of the two or more imaging modules, and an outer shell portion that accommodates and fixes the sub-frame and the two or more imaging modules.

Abstract: A portable handheld system for imaging of a throat of a patient, including: a mouthpiece including at least one bite guide for stabilizing the mouthpiece with respect to teeth of the patient when the patient bites on the at least one bite guide; intraoral optics operable to collect light from the throat of the patient and to direct the light towards an imaging sensor; and an imaging sensor operable to capture light directed by the intraoral optics to provide an image of the throat; wherein a mechanical connection between the mouthpiece and the intraoral optics constrains a spatial relationship of the intraoral optics with respect to the mouthpiece so that when the patient bites on the at least one bite guide: the intraoral optics is stabilized by the mouthpiece inside a mouth of the patient having a FOV which includes at least part of a tonsil of the patient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus (10) for designing or configuring a guide for a bronchoscope or guiding sheath. It is described to providing (310) a processing unit with at least one diagnostic image of a patient, wherein the at least one diagnostic image comprises image data of a region of interest and image data of the bronchial tree or vascular system in the vicinity of the region of interest. The processing unit determines (320) a position of the region of interest. The processing unit determines (330) a position in the bronchial tree or vascular system from which an intervention is to be carried out via a bronchoscope or guiding sheath. The intervention will comprise movement of a part of an intervention device towards the region of interest, wherein the bronchoscope or guiding sheath is configured such that the part of the intervention device can exit an end of the bronchoscope or guiding sheath.

Abstract: An endoscope includes a shaft having proximal and distal ends and a longitudinal axis therebetween. A handle is coupled to the proximal end of the shaft, and an image sensor is carried on the distal end of the shaft. A channel extends through at least a distal shaft portion and has a channel diameter, and a section of the channel is re-configurable between a constricted shape and a non-constricted shape to accommodate tools introduced therethrough. The combined diagonal dimension and channel diameter is usually greater than the outer shaft diameter. The image sensor may be connected to a connector on the housing by a first slack flex circuit and a lights source on the shaft may be connected to a connector on the housing by a second slack flex circuit.

Abstract: Embodiments of a hybrid imaging sensor that optimizes a pixel array area on a substrate using a stacking scheme for placement of related circuitry with minimal vertical interconnects between stacked substrates and associated features are disclosed. Embodiments of maximized pixel array size/die size (area optimization) are disclosed, and an optimized imaging sensor providing improved image quality, improved functionality, and improved form factors for specific applications common to the industry of digital imaging are also disclosed.

Abstract: An endoscopic system includes a single-use portion and a multiple-use portion. The two portions can be mated and un-mated. The single-use portion includes an elongated cannula that has a bendable section near its distal end providing a “steerable” distal tip. The imaging system includes at least two separate cameras and two separate light sources. The camera and light sources are configured to simultaneously image a target object. By employing different illuminations, different filters and manipulating the spectral responses, different characteristics of the target object can be captured. According to some embodiments, a system processor can coordinate the cameras, the light sources and combine the resulting images to display to an operator an enhanced combined image the object.

Abstract: An illuminator apparatus and method for illuminating an object field imaged by a rectangular image sensor having a first aspect ratio is disclosed. The apparatus includes an optical fiber having a proximal end disposed to receive a plurality of input light beams, each light beam having differing spectral properties, the optical fiber being operable to transmit the light beams along the fiber to a distal end of the optical fiber. The apparatus also includes an integrating element disposed to receive the light beams from the distal end of the fiber and combine the light beams to produce a generally homogenous illumination beam at a rectangular output face of the integrating element. The apparatus further includes an illumination projector operable to project an image of the output face of the integrating element into the object field to produce a generally rectangular illuminated region of the object field substantially corresponding to the portion of the object field imaged by the rectangular image sensor.

Abstract: A method is provided for reprocessing an internal channel of a medical device with a reprocessing system having a valve, a fluid line fluidly coupled with the valve, and at least one sensor coupled with the fluid line. The method includes performing an actuation of the valve to direct liquid through the fluid line and into the internal channel, and detecting with the at least one sensor a predetermined condition within the fluid line while the liquid is being directed into the internal channel. In response to detecting the predetermined condition, a time duration measured from the actuation of the valve is recorded. The method further includes purging the liquid from the internal channel, and directing liquid through the fluid line and into the internal channel for the time duration.

Abstract: A speculum having an elongated portion with two hinged jaws. In a first mode, the jaws are positioned adjacent each other and in a second mode, the jaws are spaced apart. The speculum is designed such that another identical speculum can be stacked on the original speculum.

Abstract: A dental photography kit that includes a support, taking the form of a housing. The support includes a support attachment part. The kit includes a dental retractor that defines a retractor opening and that includes a retractor attachment part that is removably attached to the support attachment part when the retractor is in the mounted position on the support. The kit includes a camera that is removably attached to the support in an operating position in which the camera is oriented to receive an at least partial image of the retractor opening. The retractor attachment part is articulated on the support attachment part.

Abstract: Methods and systems herein can include displaying at least one image to a test subject, wherein the at least one image has a visual appearance to the test subject based on physical characteristics of the eyes of the test subject, obtaining input from the test subject regarding the visual appearance of the at least one image, and calculating an optical parameter of the test subject based on the input from the test subject.

Abstract: Provided is a technique with which it is possible to measure a subject's reaction by moving a visual target object in an arbitrarily defined direction as well as a horizontal direction. A dynamic visual acuity measuring device includes a projector projecting an index image pattern, a reflecting mirror reflecting light from the projector, a screen receiving light from the reflecting mirror and displaying the index image pattern, a movable casing holding and maintaining relative positions of the projector, the reflecting mirror, and the screen, a fixed casing supporting the movable casing, and a rotating shaft linking the movable casing rotatably to the fixed casing. In this device, the index image pattern displayed on the screen is moved in one direction by the reflecting mirror being displaced and a direction of movement of the index image pattern is changed in a coordinate system fixed to the fixed casing by the rotating shaft being rotated.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical device, includes obtaining a plurality of test images in each of which spectral intensities of a first color component, a second color component and a third color component are separately changeable, changing the spectral intensity of the first color component in at least a first test image, changing the spectral intensity of the second color component in at least a second test image, obtaining a spectral intensity Rs of the first color component and a spectral intensity Gs of the second color component satisfying a particular test condition when a subject is looking at the first and second test images, and manufacturing the optical device including an optical element configured to adjust spectral intensities of the first color component and the second color component, in light transmitted through the optical element, based on the spectral intensities Rs and Gs.

Abstract: A contact arrangement for an eye examining instrument is located between an eye that is examined and a section of the eye examining instrument, the section is directed toward the eye that is examined. The contact arrangement is disposable, biocompatible with skin and made of biodegradable material. A first side of the contact arrangement is set in contact with the skin around the eye that is examined. A second side of the contact arrangement is attached with a counterpart of the eye examining instrument in a tool-free manner without touching with hands to the contact arrangement, the attachment being releasable, at the section, which is directed toward the eye that is examined.

Abstract: In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an optical coherence tomography-based ophthalmic testing center system includes an optical coherence tomography instrument comprising an eyepiece for receiving at least one eye of a user or subject; a light source that outputs light that is directed through the eyepiece into the user's or subject's eye, an interferometer configured to produce optical interference using light reflected from the user's/subject's eye, an optical detector disposed so as to detect said optical interference; and a processing unit coupled to the detector.

Abstract: An evaluation apparatus includes a display; a detecting unit configured to detect a position of a gaze point of a subject; a display controller configured to display an evaluation image including a main target and sub-targets, and instruction information as an image for instructing the subject to gaze at the main target to hide the instruction information; an region setting unit configured to set determination regions for the main target and the sub-targets; a determination unit configured to determine, after hiding the instruction information, whether the gaze point is positioned within the determination regions based on the detected position of the gaze point; an arithmetic unit configured to calculate a movement count by which the gaze point has moved from one of the determination regions to another based on a determination result; and an evaluation unit configured to acquire evaluation data of the subject based on the movement count.

Abstract: The invention relates to medical therapy of detrimental lesions. A system treats with non-invasive arrays of non-ionizing energy-radiation sources. The external sources focus energy dose distribution to a selected volume in a body. Energy output is directed towards a pathologic location and quenched around other sites or healthy tissue. Beam aiming is done without source movement. Targeted, volumetrically discrete energy deposition can beneficially manipulate lesions within the body. The purpose of the focused and enhanced energy deposition is to repair or disable pathologic physiology or structures, nerve pathways, extracellular fluid, and misfolded proteins. Locally augmented energy is used to enhance immunity, release pharmaceutical compounds from energy-sensitive vesicles and reconfigure or eliminate misfolded proteins and their aggregates. Targeted tissue may have enhanced sensitivity to received energy via a non-ionizing-radiation, treatment-localizing agent.

Abstract: A harmonization system for a brain activity classifier harmonizing brain measurement data obtained at a plurality of sites to realize a discrimination process based on brain functional imaging: obtains data, for a plurality of traveling subjects as common objects of measurements at each of the plurality of measurement sites, resulting from measurements of brain activities of a predetermined plurality of brain regions of each of the traveling subjects; calculates, for each of the traveling subjects, prescribed elements of a brain functional connectivity matrix representing the temporal correlation of brain activities of a set of the plurality of brain regions; using a generalized linear mixed model, calculates measurement bias data 3108 for each element of the brain functional connectivity matrix, as a fixed effect at each measurement site with respect to an average of the corresponding element across the plurality of measurement sites and across the plurality of traveling subjects; and thereby executes a harm

Abstract: Verifying the opacity of an inflatable membrane includes tests to measure the contribution of a background to the noise in the fluorescence signal as an inflatable membrane is stretched. For example, if the inflatable membrane fluoresces red and green light in response to illumination with visible blue light, the ratio of red to green fluoresced light is measured when the membrane is not stretched and then stretched while the membrane sits over a background that is half black and half red. When the change in the ratio of intensities of the two wavelengths of fluoresced light increases more for measurements taken over one portion of the background than the other, then the inflatable membrane is considered transparent to the wavelengths of fluoresced light, and if it increases a similar amount for measurements taken no matter which portion of the background the membrane covered, then the inflatable membrane is considered opaque.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for analyzing a substance, comprising: —a measurement body (1, 1a), which has a measurement surface (2) and is to be brought at least in part into contact with the substance (3) in the region of the measurement surface for the purpose of measuring; a laser device (4), particularly having a quantum cascade laser (QCL), a tunable QCL and/or a laser array, preferably an array of QCLs, in order to generate one or more excitation beams (10) at different wavelengths, preferably in the infrared or medium infrared spectral range, which is directed to the substance (3); and a detection apparatus (5, 6, 7) which is integrated at least in part in the measurement body (1, 1a) or connected thereto and comprises the following: •a source (5) for coherent detection light (11) and •a first optical waveguide structure (6) which can be or is connected to the source for the detection light, which guides the detection light, and has a refractive index which is dependent at least in portions on th

Abstract: Described herein is non-grain composition, comprising at least a thermally inhibited or HMT waxy tapioca starch having a post-retort viscosity of less than 1500 centipoise. Such composition can be used for retort food applications, shelf-stable, thermally processed food applications, canned food applications: and/or aseptic packing and ultra-heat treated process food applications.

Abstract: A wearable indicator device includes: a flexible sheet having a first surface with an adhesive covering at least a portion of the first surface and a second surface configured to be positioned proximate to skin of a wearer of the wearable indicator device; and a visual temperature indicator. The visual temperature indicator is configured to be visible to bystander(s) when the wearable indicator device is being worn and changes in appearance when exposed to a temperature corresponding to a temperature exceeding a normal body temperature of the wearer to provide a visual indication when the wearer has an abnormal body temperature. The visual temperature indicator is connected to, embedded in, or integral with the flexible sheet, such that the flexible sheet is configured to hold the visual temperature indicator proximate to the skin of the wearer.

Abstract: A temperature detection system and method for detecting a correlation between temperatures on a subject and a temperature reference is provided. One or more calibrated temperature reference devices, such as a Body Temperature Reference blackbody system is used with an emissive source detector, such as a Mid Wave Infrared (MWIR) or Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) thermal camera that is capable of imaging both a subject and the calibrated temperature reference devices. A processor maps each pixel within the image to a specific thermal value based on the mean and median reference temperatures from the calibrated temperature reference devices and identifies any pixel in the image having a temperature greater than the reference temperature. This information can be used to detect an elevated temperature from a subject. The system and method can be used to detect fevers, tumors, infections, parasites, and the like.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for monitoring health conditions based on data collected by a wearable device such as an activity tracker or a smart watch. Deep learning algorithms are configured to process an input vector that includes monitored parameter data collected by the wearable device as well as embedding data obtained from health records corresponding to a user account registered to the wearable device. In some embodiments, the input vector can also include social determinants data and/or demographic data. The output of the deep learning algorithms provides classifiers that represent probabilities that the user of the wearable device has an underlying health condition. If any underlying health condition is detected, then the user can be notified directly, via the wearable device or an associated application or technology, or indirectly, via a primary care provider associated with the user.

Abstract: The disclosure herein generally relates to the field of determination of cardiopulmonary signals for multi-persons, and, more particularly, to determination of cardiopulmonary signals for multi-persons using in-body signals obtained by ultra-wide band (UWB) radar. The disclosed method determines of cardiopulmonary signals for multi-persons using in-body signals, wherein a UWB radar signals/waves reflected from inside a human body is utilized for efficient determination of cardiopulmonary signals. The disclosed method and system utilize the UWB radar signals to identify a number of persons along with several details about the persons that include a girth of the each identified person and the orientation of the identified person towards the one or more UWB radar. Further a chest wall distance, a breathing rate, a heart wall distance and a heart rate are determined for all the identified persons based on the identified girth and the identified orientation along with the UWB radar signals.

Abstract: The invention provides an IV system for monitoring a patient that is positioned on the patient's body. The IV system includes: 1) a catheter that inserts into the patient's venous system; 2) a pressure sensor connected to the catheter that measures physiological signals indicating a pressure in the patient's venous system; 3) a motion sensor that measures motion signals; and 4) a processing system that: i) receives the physiological signals from the pressure sensor; ii) receives the motion signals from the motion sensor; iii) processes the motion signals by comparing them to a pre-determined threshold value to determine when the patient has a relatively low degree of motion; and iv) process the physiological signals to determine a physiological parameter when the processing system determines that the motion signals are below the pre-determined threshold value.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for performing remote physiological monitoring of vital signs from one or more subjects. Camera pairs including an intensity camera and a depth camera are used to obtain intensity image data and depth image data that are then processed using one or more ROIs for extracting heart rate and respiratory waveforms from which the heart rate and respiratory rate may be estimated. In other embodiments, multiple ROIs may be used to obtain several heart rate and respiratory rate values which are then fused together. In some embodiments motion compensation may be used prior to generating the heart rate and respiratory waveforms. In other embodiments, multiple camera pairs may be used to obtain intensity and depth data from multiple fields of view which may be used to obtain several heart rate and respiratory rate values which are then fused together.

Abstract: The invention provides a neck-worn sensor (referred to herein as the ‘necklace’) that is a single, body-worn system that measures the following parameters from an ambulatory patient: heart rate, pulse rate, pulse oximetry, respiratory rate, temperature, thoracic fluid levels, stroke volume, cardiac output, and a parameter sensitive to blood pressure called pulse transit time. From stroke volume, a first algorithm employing a linear model can estimate the patient's pulse pressure. And from pulse pressure and pulse transit time, a second algorithm, also employing a linear algorithm, can estimate systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Thus, the necklace can measure all five vital signs along with hemodynamic parameters. It also includes a motion-detecting accelerometer, from which it can determine motion-related parameters such as posture, degree of motion, activity level, respiratory-induced heaving of the chest, and falls.

Abstract: To provide a biological information measuring device capable of suppressing positional displacement between a light emitting element and a light receiving element, and an opening formed on a light shielding film. A biological information measuring device provided with a plate-shaped lid having translucency, a first light shielding film provided on a first principal surface of the lid and having conductivity, a light emitting element, and a light receiving element, in which the light emitting element and the light receiving element are electrically joined to the first light shielding film, and the first light shielding film includes a first light emitting side opening through which light emitted from the light emitting element passes, and a first light receiving side opening through which light received by the light receiving element passes.

Abstract: A medical imaging system is described that comprises an heating element configured to apply at least one heating pattern element to a material to locally heat the material; a sensor configured to capture the position of the heated material a predetermined time after the application of the heating pattern element; and circuitry configured to determine the change of the heating pattern applied to the material based upon the captured position of the heated material after the predetermined time.

Abstract: A device which provides a measure of the compliance of a vessel wall based on a change in pressure, which causes the vessel to distend. The device comprises a coil and capacitor, forming a tank circuit. The coil is expandable and positioned along a portion of the vessel so that when the portion of the vessel expands or contracts, the coil will also expand or contract, changing the area in side the coil. This change in area alters the coil inductance, and therefore the resonant frequency of the tank circuit, which can be detected externally.

Abstract: A blood pressure measurement device according to an aspect includes a blood pressure measurement unit that measures a blood pressure of a user, a setting unit that sets a measurement scheduled time for a time a predetermined time period before a wake-up scheduled time of the user, and a measurement control unit that causes the blood pressure measurement unit to measure the blood pressure of the user in accordance with the set measurement scheduled time.

Abstract: The invention provides a body-worn system that continuously measures pulse oximetry and blood pressure, along with motion, posture, and activity level, from an ambulatory patient. The system features an oximetry probe that comfortably clips to the base of the patient's thumb, thereby freeing up their fingers for conventional activities in a hospital, such as reading and eating. The probe secures to the thumb and measures time-dependent signals corresponding to LEDs operating near 660 and 905 nm. Analog versions of these signals pass through a low-profile cable to a wrist-worn transceiver that encloses a processing unit. Also within the wrist-worn transceiver is an accelerometer, a wireless system that sends information through a network to a remote receiver, e.g. a computer located in a central nursing station.

Abstract: Wireless, variable inductance and resonant circuit-based vascular monitoring devices, systems, methodologies, and techniques, including specifically configured anchoring structures for same, are disclosed that can be used to assist healthcare professionals in predicting, preventing, and diagnosing various heart-related and other health conditions.

Abstract: Wireless, variable inductance and resonant circuit-based vascular monitoring devices, systems, methodologies, and techniques, including specifically configured anchoring structures for same, are disclosed that can be used to assist healthcare professionals in predicting, preventing, and diagnosing various heart-related and other health conditions.

Abstract: A method for utilizing radar from wireless earpieces includes activating one or more radar sensors of the wireless earpieces, performing radar measurements of a user using the one or more radar sensors of the wireless earpieces, and analyzing the radar measurements to determine pulsatile measurements associated with the user, the analyzing performed using a processor of the wireless earpieces.

Abstract: A structure for a plethysmogram and a method for obtaining an optical gating signal using a plethysmogram are disclosed. The structure includes: a backing; a plurality of electrodes mounted on the backing; a reflectance (or transmission) optical sensor mounted on the backing; and a cable that connects the plurality of electrodes and the reflectance optical sensor to a pulse flowmeter. In an embodiment, “look-back” software is employed to obtain an optical gating signal for averaging the impedance waveforms associated with each heartbeat.

Abstract: A system for determining a pulse velocity wave comprises an interface for receiving a signal indicating the proximal blood pressure in an artery and for receiving a signal indicating distal blood pressure in the artery. A processing device is configured to determine a proximal rising edge between a diastolic pressure and the systolic pressure of the proximal signal; determine a proximal pressure peak prior to the proximal rising edge; determine a distal rising edge between a diastolic pressure and a systolic pressure of the distal signal; determine a distal pressure peak prior to the distal rising edge and to determine whether the distal pressure peak is in phase advance with respect to the proximal pressure peak; and determine a propagation velocity of a regressive pulse wave depending on the phase advance of the distal pressure peak.