Abstract: The invention relates to a cold rolled steel sheet having a composition consisting of (in wt. %): C 0.15-0.25; Si 0.5-1.6; Mn 2.2-2.8; Cr?0.8; Mo?0.2; Al 0.03-1.0; Nb?0.04; V?0.04; Ti 0.02-0.04; B 0.001-0.005; balance Fe apart from impurities, wherein the impurity contents of Cu and Ni are limited to ?0.15, the cold rolled steel has a multiphase microstructure comprising a matrix of bainitic ferrite and ?10 vol. % polygonal ferrite and the tensile strength (Rm) is 980-1500 MPa.

Abstract: An alloy having formula (Fe1-xCox)100-y-z-aByCuzMa, in which x=0.1-0.4, y=10-16, z=0-1, a=0-8, and M=Nb, Mo, Ta, W, Ni, or Sn, wherein the alloy has crystalline grains with an average size of 30 nm or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wrought 7xxx-series aluminium alloy product having a composition comprising, in wt. %., Zn 6.40 to 7.50, Mg 2.15 to 2.75, Cu 1.20 to 2.00, and wherein Cu+Mg<4.50, and wherein Mg<2.5+5/3(Cu?1.2), Fe up to 0.25, Si up to 0.25, and optionally one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: (Zr up to 0.3, Cr up to 0.3, Mn up to 0.45, Ti up to 0.25, Sc up to 0.5, Ag up to 0.5), the balance being aluminium and impurities, and having been aged to achieve a conventional tensile yield strength (in MPa) measured in the L-direction measured at quarter thickness of more than 485?0.

Abstract: A plated steel sheet having excellent post-coating corrosion resistance includes: a steel; and a plating layer that is provided on a surface of the steel, in which the plating layer includes, by mass %, Al: 5.00% to 35.00%, Mg: 2.50% to 13.00%, Fe: 5.00% to 35.00%, Si: 0% to 2.00%, Ca: 0% to 2.00%, and a remainder consisting of Zn and impurities, and in a cross section of the plating layer, the area fraction of a Fe2Al5 phase is 5.0% to 60.0%, the area fraction of an eutectic structure of Zn and MgZn2 is 10.0% to 80.0%, the area fraction of a massive MgZn2 phase is 5.0% to 40.0%, and the area fraction of a remainder is 10.0% or less.

Abstract: A method to produce an articulated automatic operator device treated on the surface with a corrosion-resistant material and/or to obtain surface properties resistant to CIP/SIP treatments, in particular in the field of the production and packaging of pharmaceutical products, where the device includes a plurality of articulated components rotatably connected to one another in correspondence with respective coupling interfaces, such that the method provides to make available casings suitable to be assembled together to make the articulated components, wherein the casings are made of a first material and subject each casing to a thermal spray treatment using solid powders of a second material accelerated in a supersonic gaseous jet to deposit a coating of said second material at least on the external surface of each of said casings.

Abstract: An assembly for cathodic arc deposition of a material onto an article. The assembly includes a chamber for receiving an article to be coated and a rotating target. The rotatable target has a surface from which a plasma material is ejected. An anode ring is positioned a first distance from the surface of the rotatable target. The anode ring has an opening with a central axis that is parallel to a rotational axis of the rotatable target and offset a second distance from the rotational axis. A spark device is disposed in the chamber for generating an arc on the surface of the rotatable target. The assembly configured to direct a stream of charged particles ejected from the surface of the target through the opening of the anode ring to the article to be coated.

Abstract: An Ag alloy sputtering target includes Mg in a range of 1.0 atom % or more and 5.0 atom % or less, Au in a range of 0.10 atom % or more and 5.00 atom % or less, and a balance consisting of Ag and inevitable impurities. The Ag alloy sputtering target may further include Ca in a range of 0.01 atom % or more and 0.15 atom % or less. In addition, the oxygen content may be 0.010% by mass or less.

Abstract: A magnetron sputtering system includes a substrate mounted within a vacuum chamber. A plurality of cathode assemblies includes a first set of cathode assemblies and a second set of cathode assemblies, and is configured for reactive sputtering. Each cathode assembly includes a target comprising sputterable material and has an at least partially exposed planar sputtering surface. A target support is configured to support the target in the vacuum chamber and rotate the target relative to the vacuum chamber about a target axis. A magnetic field source includes a magnet array. A cathode assemblies controller assembly is operative to actuate the first set of cathode assemblies without actuating the second set of cathode assemblies, and to actuate the second set of cathode assemblies without actuating the first set of cathode assemblies.

Abstract: A device for sealing a vacuum chamber is described, the vacuum chamber providing a first volume. The device includes an intermediate volume providing a fluid communication between the first volume and a second volume, a first seal for sealing a first conduit associated with the first volume and sealing the first volume from the intermediate volume, a second seal for sealing a second conduit associated with the second volume and sealing the second volume from the intermediate volume, and a third conduit providing a first fluid path to the intermediate volume.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for treating in an enclosure an inner surface of a container made from polymer material, in order to deposit a barrier-effect coating there, comprising: inserting the container into the enclosure introducing a so-called precursor gas intended into the container intended, once transformed into the plasma state, to be deposited at least partially on the inner surface of the container in order to constitute the coating, the method further comprising: transforming the precursor gas into the plasma state by a combination of excitations comprising a main excitation by means of electromagnetic waves of the microwave type, and a secondary excitation by means of an electrical discharge of alternating voltage having a frequency between 1 kHz and 15 MHz. The invention also relates to a device for implementing the method of the invention.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to thin free-standing oxide membranes. In one aspect, a method includes providing a substrate. The substrate defines a hole having a diameter of about 500 nanometers to 5000 nanometers. A layer of metal is deposited on the substrate. A supporting layer is deposited on the layer of metal. A first side of the supporting layer is the side that is disposed on the layer of metal. A metal oxide layer is deposited on the first side of the supporting layer and on the substrate. In some implementations, the method further includes removing the supporting layer.

Abstract: We present a novel technology to prevent water absorption into substrates and to prevent the hydrolysis process thereof. To these ends, we disclose very thin-film water-vapor barrier for applications to substrate surfaces and methods for manufacturing the same. A polymeric compound film and silica-like compound film form a bilayer and one or more bilayers form the barrier on the substrate. The thickness of the film layers is kept below the thin film interference thickness to ensure that the one or more transparent bilayers are substantially transparent to the light. The thin film interference thickness may be characterized as the wavelength of light (?) divided by four (4) times the index of refraction (n) of the film materials.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a trap filter system having a plurality of filters, the plurality of filters having filtering materials to remove contaminants from a flow of gas effluents generated by a semiconductor processing tool and a bypass mechanism configured to selectively direct or shut off the flow of gas effluents to one or more of the plurality of filters while the semiconductor processing tool remains in operation. Each of the plurality of filters is removable and replaceable when the filtering material is unable to effectuate the removal of contaminants.

Abstract: A ceramic heater includes a disk-shaped ceramic plate having a wafer placement surface on a front surface thereof, the ceramic plate having a plasma electrode and a heater electrode embedded therein in this order, from closest to the wafer placement surface to farthest, in such a manner that the plasma electrode and the heater electrode are spaced apart from each other; a cylindrical shaft that supports the ceramic plate from a back surface of the ceramic plate; a plasma electrode connecting member arranged in the cylindrical shaft and connected to the plasma electrode; a heater electrode connecting member arranged in the cylindrical shaft and connected to the heater electrode; and a planar shield portion arranged on the back surface of the ceramic plate or embedded in the ceramic plate so as to be closer to the back surface than the heater electrode, the planar shield portion being connected to ground.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a thin film using a surface protection material, the method comprising supplying the surface protection material to the inside of a chamber on which a substrate is placed; purging the interior of the chamber; supplying a doping precursor to the inside of the chamber; purging the interior of the chamber; supplying a first reactant to the inside of the chamber so that the first reactant reacts with the adsorbed doping precursor to form a doping thin film; supplying a dielectric film precursor to the inside of the chamber; purging the interior of the chamber; and supplying a second reactant to the inside of the chamber so that the second reactant reacts with the adsorbed dielectric film precursor to form a dielectric film.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus configured to process a substrate includes a functional component constituting a part of the substrate processing apparatus; a nozzle, provided on a surface of the functional component, allowing a gas to pass therethrough; a nozzle flow path which is connected to the nozzle of the functional component and through which the gas flows; a flow rate sensor configured to measure a flow rate of the gas flowing through the nozzle flow path; and a controller configured to make a determination upon a state of a distance between an interfering object and the functional component based on a measurement result obtained by the flow rate sensor.

Abstract: A method for depositing material is disclosed. An exemplary method includes positioning a substrate provided with a stepped structure comprising a top surface, a bottom surface, and a sidewall in a reaction chamber; controlling a pressure of the reaction chamber to a process pressure; providing a precursor; providing a reactant; and, providing a plasma with a RF plasma power, wherein by simultaneously providing the precursor, the reactant, and the plasma while controlling the process pressure to less than or equal to 200 Pa and controlling the RF plasma power to more than or equal to 0.21 W per cm2 the material is deposited on the top surface, the bottom surface, and the sidewall of the stepped structure.

Abstract: A substrate processing method includes discharging a processing liquid to a substrate, and discharging a mixed fluid that is produced by mixing a processing liquid and a purified water in a vapor state or a mist state thereof to a substrate where a processing liquid is discharged.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for electroless platinum plating and an electroless platinum plating method using the same, wherein it is possible to easily and safely produce a uniformly dispersed platinum thin film without expensive additional equipment by performing electroless platinum plating with a composition for electroless platinum plating containing an alcohol, an aqueous solution of a platinum chloride compound, and an aqueous solution of a basic compound.

Abstract: The present patent application relates to an aqueous composition for coating grain oriented steel, comprising aluminium cations, manganese cations, dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphate and/or phosphate anions, colloidal silica and optionally iron cations, wherein the aluminium cations, expressed as Al2O3, manganese cations, expressed as MnO, dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphate and/or phosphate anions, expressed as P2O5, colloidal silica, expressed as SiO2, and optionally iron cations, expressed as FeO, which are present in the composition, give the sum formula of (Al2O3)2(MnO)1,8-2,4(FeO)0-0,2(P2O5)5-7(SiO2)?30.

Abstract: A method is provided for passivating an aluminum surface. According to the method, the aluminum surface is provided with a flux. A passivation solution is subsequently applied to the aluminum surface, such that a passivation layer is created by reaction of the passivation solution with the aluminum surface, which is provided with the flux.

Abstract: A coated metal alloy substrate with at least one chamfered edge, a process for producing a coating a metal alloy substrate, and an electronic device having a housing comprising a coated metal alloy substrate are described. The coated metal alloy substrate with at least one chamfered edge comprises a hydrophobic anti-fingerprint layer deposited on the metal alloy substrate, a passivation layer deposited on the at least one chamfered edge, and a water based paint layer deposited on the passivation layer.

Abstract: An example article according to the present disclosure includes, among other possible things, a metallic substrate, and a bond coat on the metallic substrate. The bond coat includes a matrix phase, gettering particles in the matrix phase, wherein the gettering particles are reactive with oxidants, and a dispersion of matrix modifier particles in the matrix phase. The example article also includes a diffusion barrier between the bond coat and the metallic substrate, wherein the diffusion barrier is configured to inhibit diffusion of components from the bond coat into the metallic substrate. An example composite material and method of applying a barrier to a substrate are also disclosed.

Abstract: A coated metal alloy substrate, a process for producing a coating a metal alloy substrate, and an electronic device having a housing comprising a coated metal alloy substrate are described. The coated metal alloy substrate comprises a passivation layer deposited on the metal alloy substrate, a porous conductive water borne carbon nanotube layer on the passivation layer, and an electrophoretic deposition layer deposited on the porous conductive water borne carbon nanotube layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to covers for electronic devices, methods of making the covers, and electronic devices. In one example, a cover for an electronic device comprising: a metal cover substrate having at least a top surface and a bottom surface; a transparent passivation layer on the top surface of the metal cover substrate; a water-borne graphene coating layer on the transparent passivation layer; and an electrophoretic deposition coating layer on the water-borne graphene coating layer.

Abstract: A method of providing a bond coat for a thermal barrier coating of a part of a turbomachine includes forming a first metallic bond coat layer on a substrate. The method also includes forming a second bond coat layer on the first metallic bond coat layer. The second bond coat layer has a porosity and a surface roughness that is greater than that of the first metallic bond coat layer. Furthermore, the method includes grit blasting the second bond coat layer to densify the second bond coat layer while substantially maintaining the surface roughness thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for operating an electrolyzer. The electrolyzer comprising a plurality of electrolytic cells, each of the electrolytic cells comprising an electrolyte and two electrodes, the systems and methods comprising: a common voltage converter coupled in parallel to the plurality of electrolytic cells and configured to distribute power to the plurality of electrolytic cells; and control circuitry coupled to the plurality of electrolytic cells, the control circuitry configured to: monitor one or more parameters of the plurality of electrolytic cells; and generate, based on the one or more parameters, a model representing operating conditions of the electrolytic cells on an individual electrolytic cell basis.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a gas diffusion layer, containing the steps of: a) preparing a carrier-binder paste comprising a solvent, a fluorinated binder and conductive carrier articles; b) preparing an adhesive composition comprising a solvent, a fluorinated binder and essentially no or equal to or less than 15 wt. % of conductive carrier particles, based on the total weight of fluorinated binder and any conductive carrier particles; and c) combining a layer of supporting material, a layer of the adhesive composition and a layer of the carrier-binder paste, wherein the layer of the adhesive composition is applied between the layer of supporting material and the layer of the carrier-binder paste, and pressing the combination of supporting material, adhesive composition and carrier-binder paste at a pressure of at least 15 kilopascal and/or heating the combination of supporting material, adhesive composition and carrier-binder paste at a temperature of at least 300° C.

Abstract: A container station for hydrogen production and distribution with a voltage converter, an air intake and a shutter. A fuel cell is installed inside the container. The electrolyzer is connected to the hydrogen distribution station. Hydrogen dryers, hydrogen non-return valves, a hydrogen compressor are installed on the hydrogen pressure conduit. High pressure hydrogen composite cylinders are connected to the hydrogen pressure conduit. The electrolyzer is connected to the fuel cell. Oxygen dryers, oxygen non-return valves, an oxygen compressor and oxygen solenoid valve are installed on the oxygen pressure conduit. High pressure oxygen composite cylinders are connected to the oxygen pressure conduit. The fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen pressure conduit. The inlet of central heating liquid and the outlet of central heating liquid are connected to a fluid exchanger.

Abstract: An electrolytic ozone generator for use with a faucet and methods for assembling and using the same.

Abstract: A method for cleanly extracting metallic silver includes: mixing an acidic solution containing Ce4+ and NO3? with a silver-containing material for leaching; after the leaching is completed, carrying out a solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution containing Ce3+ and Ag+; and electrolyzing the leaching solution, wherein an oxidation reaction of Ce? occurs at an anode to realize a regeneration of Ce4+ and an electrolytic reduction occurs at a cathode to reduce Ag+ to obtain the metallic silver. Ce4+ is used as a leaching agent and an intermediate oxidant to implement a cyclic operation of solution leaching and electrolytic regeneration on the silver-containing material. Almost no NOx and waste liquid are caused by the extraction process, and the invention is clean and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the disclosed subject matter relates to an electrolytic cell that has: a cell reservoir; a cathode support retained on a bottom of the cell reservoir, wherein the cathode support contacts at least one of: a metal pad and a molten electrolyte bath within the cell reservoir, wherein the cathode support includes: a body having a support bottom, which is configured to be in communication with the bottom of the electrolysis cell; and a support top, opposite the support bottom, having a cathode attachment area configured to retain a at least one cathode plate therein.

Abstract: An electrolytic copper foil having higher electrical conductivity, and a method for producing the same are provided. The electrolytic copper foil according the present invention has a carbon content of 5 ppm or less, a sulfur content of 3 ppm or less, an oxygen content of 5 ppm or less, and a nitrogen content of 0.5 ppm or less; has a total content of carbon, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen of 15 ppm or less; and has a number of grains of 8.0 to 12.0/?m2, the number of grains changing to 0.6 to 1.0/?m2 by heating the electrolytic copper foil at 150° C. for 1 hour. A method for producing this electrolytic copper foil includes cleaning a copper raw material; dissolving the copper raw material after the cleaning to obtain an electrolytic solution having a total organic carbon (TOC) of 10 ppm or less; and electrolyzing the electrolytic solution to obtain the electrolytic copper foil.

Abstract: Aqueous acid binary silver-bismuth alloy electroplating compositions and methods enable electroplating silver rich binary silver-bismuth deposits. The aqueous acid binary silver-bismuth alloy electroplating compositions include 5-membered heterocyclic nitrogen compounds with a thiol functionality which enable deposition of the silver rich binary silver-bismuth alloys. The silver rich silver-bismuth deposits are matte to semi-bright, uniform and have a low coefficient of friction.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to prevent a prewetting liquid from remaining in an edge portion of a substrate. A plating method for subjecting a substrate to a plating treatment is provided, the substrate including a part to be plated that is exposed to a plating solution and an edge portion that is an outer region of the part to be plated. The plating method includes a first sealing step of bringing a first seal body into contact with the substrate to seal the edge portion of the substrate, a prewetting step of subjecting the sealed substrate to a prewetting treatment, a first seal removing step of removing the first seal body from the prewetted substrate, a substrate holding step of holding the substrate with a substrate holder including a second seal body, and a plating step of applying the plating solution to the substrate held by the substrate holder.

Abstract: Systems and methods for automated electroplating are disclosed. An electroplating system includes a first chamber configured to receive one or more parts. The first chamber includes a vessel extending from a first end to a second end, a first cap proximate to the first end a first cathode contact coupled to the first end, a second cathode contact coupled to the second end, and a plurality of anodes formed on an inner surface of the vessel. The electroplating system further includes at least one reservoir and a first conduit and a second conduit each coupled between the at least one reservoir and the first chamber. The first conduit may be configured to transfer fluid from the first reservoir to the first chamber and the second conduit may be configured to transfer fluid from the first chamber to the at least one reservoir.

Abstract: There is provided a production apparatus of a gallium oxide crystal using a resistance heater, the heater provided therein being capable of being provided at a low cost and capable of suppressing deformation and breakage due to heat. The production apparatus for a gallium oxide crystal according to one or more aspects of the present invention includes a furnace body constituted by a heat resistant material, a crucible disposed in the furnace body, and a heater disposed around the crucible, the heater being a resistance heater including a heating part and a conductive part having a larger diameter than the heating part connected to each other, the heating part being constituted by a material having heat resistance to 1,850° C., the conductive part being constituted by a material having heat resistance to 1,800° C.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing a silicon carbide single crystal, and a silicon carbide single crystal ingot, obtaining a silicon carbide single crystal reduced in defects such as threading dislocations, are provided. The method manufactures a silicon carbide single crystal by supplying a raw material gas into a reaction vessel with a seed substrate, and heats the interior to grow a silicon carbide single crystal on the surface of the seed substrate. The method includes growing the silicon carbide single crystal on the seed substrate surface, while controlling the temperature, to perform pair annihilation of threading dislocations or synthesis of the threading dislocations; and a second step of maintaining the temperature inside the reaction vessel in the state of the first predetermined temperature after execution of the first step, to bring the leading ends of the threading dislocations close to the surface of the seed substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a bulk GaN crystal in which the degree of curvature of the c-plane is reduced. The bulk GaN crystal includes a main surface selected from a surface inclined at 0° to 10° from the (0001) crystal plane and a surface inclined at 0° to 10° from the (000-1) crystal plane, and the main surface is a specific main surface A that satisfies the following conditions (i) and (ii): (i) a first line, which is a 80 mm-long virtual line segment extending in a first direction on the specific main surface A, can be drawn, and a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of peak angles in (002) XRD rocking curves of the GaN crystal, which is measured between 17 measurement points arranged at a 5-mm pitch on the first line with the omega axis being perpendicular to the first direction, is 0.

Abstract: The present invention teaches a method, system and process for curing, treating and diagnosing arthritis, diabetes and other related autoimmune diseases. By intercepting and mitigating the disease process at the point of origination prevents the disease from developing and stops the lineage of cells causing disease symptoms. This fundamental system addresses cellular events where the immune reaction is emerging thereby preventing advance of the cascade that feeds the disease. Modulating activity of the errant proteins or other substances at this initiating point in the immune response blocks the autoimmune cascade and prevents formation of secondary and tertiary effects that will characterize the disease. As the cascade progresses, the number of participating enzymes and pathways compounds so that each progression step further from the initiation point requires increasingly complex therapies. Thus, by treating the primary cause, secondary and tertiary symptoms do not appear.

Abstract: Electrospinning apparatus and method for electrospinning of material by ejecting spinning material from a nozzle outlet (3a). The electrospinning apparatus includes a spinning material supply unit (6), a nozzle unit (3) with a nozzle outlet (3a), a collector unit (1) for collecting a fibre (8) formed during operation of the electrospinning apparatus and a voltage supply unit (2) for applying a voltage difference between the nozzle unit (3) and collector unit (1). An imaging device (4) is present for capturing an image of a conus (7) and the fibre (8) being formed during operation, as well as a processing unit (5) connected to the imaging device (4), spinning material supply unit (6) and voltage supply unit (2). The processing unit (5) is arranged to determine a shape of the conus (7), and control operation of the electrospinning apparatus based on the determined shape of the conus (7).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the viable production of lyocell cellulose continuous filament yams at very high production speeds.

Abstract: A process for forming a fiber tow, involves a wet spinning procedure comprising the steps of: dissolving cellulose pulp N in an alkaline aqueous solvent to form a cellulose spin dope composition, spinning the cellulose spin dope composition in a coagulation having a p H of more than 7.0, preferably a pH of at least 10, to produce a fiber tow, and passing the produced fiber tow through a sequence of consecutive stretching and washing steps in which the formed fiber tow is washed with a washing liquid by a counter-current flow washing procedure.

Abstract: Disclosure provides antimicrobial fiber, comprising: a cationic or polycationic moiety grafted onto a cellulosic fiber and an anionic photosensitizer. Exposing the antimicrobial cotton fiber to light generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces a biocidal function.

Abstract: Provided is an electroconductive composite fiber having excellent antistatic capability and cationic dyability as well as a fiber structure including the same. The electroconductive composite fiber at least includes an electroconductive layer and a non-electroconductive layer disposed in contact with the electroconductive layer, wherein the electroconductive layer contains an electroconductive substance, and the non-electroconductive layer contains a modified polyester comprising a phosphonium-containing dicarboxylic acid component as a copolymerization component.

Abstract: It is disclosed a method of producing a yarn having the look and feel of natural fibers, the method comprising the steps of preparing a first plurality of man-made textile fibers or a second plurality of natural textile fibers, the first and second plurality of textile fibers being obtained from breaking the first or the second textile fibers under the effect of a mechanical force applied to the first or the second textile fibers. A final blend for producing the yarn, can be prepared by adding the first plurality of textile fibers to a plurality of man-made fibers, or by adding the second plurality of textile fibers to a plurality of man-made fibers, or by adding the first plurality of textile fibers to the second plurality of textile fibers.

Abstract: A chain link having a strip which includes warp yarns and weft yarns is provided, with the warp yarns containing a warp yarn A and a warp yarn B, with the minimum creep rate of warp yarn B being higher than the minimum creep rate of warp yarn A, wherein the strip comprises a longitudinal core section and at least two longitudinal edge sections, and wherein the concentration of warp yarn A in the core section is higher than the concentration of yarn A in the edge sections of the strip and the concentration of warp yarn B in the edge sections is higher than the concentration of warp yarn B in the core section of the strip. The invention also relates to a chain comprising said chain link and to use of said chain in different applications.

Abstract: A fabric comprising one or more manmade yarns and one or more natural yarns, wherein the one or more manmade yarns comprise more than 50% by weight of the total yarn of the fabric. The manmade yarn is preferably made of polyester fibers and the natural yarn is preferably made of cotton fibers. The cotton yarn may be any of 100% cotton, Indian cotton, Egyptian cotton, Pima cotton, Supima cotton, and cotton mixed with a manmade or a cellulosic fiber. The polyester yarn may be any of 100% polyester, polyester mixed with another manmade fiber, a texturized or multi-texturized polyester yarn, and polyester mixed with cotton or cellulosic fiber. The warp yarn or yarns may be a combination of one or more manmade yarns and one or more natural yarns, and the weft yarn or yarns comprise a combination of one or more manmade yarns and one or more natural yarns.

Abstract: A heat-activated crimping textile is disclosed including a plurality of a first yarn, a plurality of a second yarn interlaced with the plurality of the first yarn, and a plurality of a third yarn interlaced with the plurality of the first yarn, the plurality of the second yarn, or both. The third yarn includes a heat-activated shrinkage factor of greater than 30% when exposed to a predetermined temperature. When the heat-activated crimping textile is exposed to an elevated temperature of at least the predetermined temperature, a plurality of crimps propagates along the heat-activated crimping textile, forming a crimped textile.

Abstract: A method for forming an anti-counterfeiting feature during knitting of a fabric and a fabric thereof, the fabric is knitted with at least one first yarn, a part of the fabric includes a plurality of featured yarn loops formed by a second yarn, the featured yarn loops constitute an anti-counterfeiting feature, the anti-counterfeiting feature can be directly observed from one side surface of the fabric, the second yarn is formed by twisting at least two sub-yarns with different colours, and colours of the at least two sub-yarns and the first yarn are different from each other, and a colour of the featured yarn loops displayed on the side surface is random. Accordingly, the randomness of yarn twisting makes the anti-counterfeiting feature difficult to be replicated, thereby preventing unscrupulous manufacturers from counterfeiting the fabric.