Abstract: The present disclosure provides a packaging method, including: providing a first semiconductor substrate; forming a bonding region on the first semiconductor substrate, wherein the bonding region of the first semiconductor substrate includes a first bonding metal layer and a second bonding metal layer; providing a second semiconductor substrate having a bonding region, wherein the bonding region of the second semiconductor substrate includes a third bonding layer; and bonding the first semiconductor substrate to the second semiconductor substrate by bringing the bonding region of the first semiconductor substrate in contact with the bonding region of the second semiconductor substrate; wherein the first and third bonding metal layers include copper (Cu), and the second bonding metal layer includes Tin (Sn). An associated packaging structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a sensor is provided. The sensor includes a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) substrate disposed over an integrated chip (IC), where the IC defines a lower portion of a first cavity and a lower portion of a second cavity, and where the first cavity has a first operating pressure different than an operating pressure of the second cavity. A cap substrate is disposed over the MEMS substrate, where a first pair of sidewalls of the cap substrate partially define an upper portion of the first cavity, and a second pair of sidewalls of the cap substrate partially define an upper portion of the second cavity. A sensor area comprising a movable portion of the MEMS substrate and a dummy area comprising a fixed portion of the MEMS substrate are both disposed in the first cavity. A pressure enhancement structure is disposed in the dummy area.

Abstract: In one example, a method comprises forming a first layer on a substrate surface, forming an opening in the first layer, forming a second layer on the first layer and in the opening, and forming a photoresist layer on the second layer, in which the photoresist layer has a first curved surface over a first part of the first layer and over the opening. The method further comprises etching the photoresist layer and a second part of the second layer over the first part of the first layer to form a second curved surface on the second part of the second layer, and forming a mirror element and a support structure in the second layer, including by etching a third part of the second layer and removing the first layer.

Abstract: To provide a method that enables production of bromine in good yield. A method for producing bromine includes: a step of supplying a gas containing a bromine compound and a gas containing oxygen to a reactor that includes a catalyst packed bed, and oxidizing the bromine compound to obtain a gas containing bromine, in which the step satisfies the following 0.30?a?0.55 and 0.40?L1?6.0; where “a” represents porosity [?] of the catalyst packed bed, and “L1” is defined by the following Formula (3): Formula (3) L1=L2V/(P(aV+b))×(T+273.14)/273.14; wherein L2: Superficial velocity of reaction gas [m/s]; LP: Reaction pressure [atm]; T: Reaction temperature [° C.]; V: Reactor volume corresponding to catalyst packed bed [L]; a: Porosity of catalyst packed bed [?] and b: Pore volume of catalyst packed bed [L].

Abstract: An article for generating chlorine dioxide includes a canister containing a chlorine-dioxide generating composition. The articles in accordance with the invention are able to generate chlorine-dioxide gas, chlorine-dioxide solution, and chlorine-dioxide solution with surfactants. The canister includes at least one porous region that places an exterior of the canister in fluidic communication with an interior of the canister. The porous region, which in some embodiments, is realized as a mesh, is characterized by a size in a range of about 20 mesh to about 325 mesh.

Abstract: A method and system for liquid sulfur degassing is disclosed. The method and system generally involve degassing liquid sulfur in a degassing vessel, and the level of the liquid sulfur in the degassing vessel is controlled in the degassing vessel by determining the level of liquid sulfur in the degassing vessel.

Abstract: A method for preparing an electronic grade sulfuric acid from a waste sulfuric acid solution includes the steps of: performing, in sequence, a concentration treatment, a cracking treatment, and a purification treatment; performing a first oxidation treatment on sulfur dioxide; performing a first absorption treatment and a second oxidization treatment; performing an evaporation treatment; performing a first removal treatment on an acid mist containing metal ions and anion impurities; performing a second absorption treatment; and performing a second removal treatment on residual sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: A method of selectively growing graphene includes forming an ion implantation region and an ion non-implantation region by implanting ions locally into a substrate; and selectively growing graphene in the ion implantation region or the ion non-implantation region.

Abstract: Provided herein are high throughput continuous or semi-continuous reactors and processes for manufacturing graphenic materials, such as graphene oxide. Such processes are suitable for manufacturing graphenic materials at rates that are up to hundreds of times faster than conventional techniques, have little batch-to-batch variation, have a high degree of tunability, and have excellent performance characteristics.

Abstract: One variation of a diamond composition includes carbon: including a first amount of carbon-13 isotopes and a second amount of carbon-12 isotopes; and sourced from a hydrocarbon mixture including hydrocarbons and formed via methanation of a carbon dioxide mixture. The carbon dioxide mixture: sourced from a sample of air including carbon dioxide and impurities; conveyed through a separation unit configured to remove impurities; including carbon dioxide and impurities; conveyed through a distillation column configured to regulate amounts of carbon-13 isotopes and carbon-12 isotopes; and exhibiting a target ratio of carbon-13 isotopes to carbon-12 isotopes at an outlet of the distillation column. The diamond composition: formed via chemical vapor deposition; and exhibiting an isotopic signature defining a final ratio of the first amount of carbon-13 isotopes to the second amount of carbon-12 isotopes within a first target range corresponding to the target ratio exhibited by the carbon dioxide mixture.

Abstract: A method according to an embodiment of the present invention is for preparing powdered composite carbide of tungsten and titanium in which tungsten trioxide (WO3), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon (C), each being in powdered form are mixed with a reducing agent powder to obtain a reaction mixture in the mixing step, followed by the synthesis step in which the reaction mixture is heated at a temperature of about 600° C. to 1200° C. to obtain the reaction products, and the washing step in which the reaction products are washed with water. The method for preparing tungsten titanium carbide powder is capable of carrying out both reduction and carburizing at a relatively low temperature and affords homogeneity in shape and particle size in the resultant composite carbide.

Abstract: A silicon carbide-graphite composite is described, including (i) interior bulk graphite material and (ii) exterior silicon carbide matrix material, wherein the interior bulk graphite material and exterior silicon carbide matrix material inter-penetrate one another at an interfacial region therebetween, and wherein graphite is present in inclusions in the exterior silicon carbide matrix material. Such material may be formed by contacting a precursor graphite article with silicon monoxide (SiO) gas under chemical reaction conditions that are effective to convert an exterior portion of the precursor graphite article to a silicon carbide matrix material in which graphite is present in inclusions therein, and wherein the silicon carbide matrix material and interior bulk graphite material interpenetrate one another at an interfacial region therebetween.

Abstract: It discloses a method for preparing a magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite-loaded nano zero-valent iron material for specifically removing perfluorooctanoic acid in a water environment and an optimized process for removing perfluorooctanoic acid thereby, and relates to the technical field of removing persistent organic pollutants in water using adsorption method and oxidation-reduction method and, in particular, to a composite material prepared by loading a nano zero-valent iron on magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite using liquid phase reduction method.

Abstract: A process for producing a process for producing a LnM2Cu3Ox high-temperature superconductive powder, the process comprising: i) providing an aqueous solution of Ln, M and Cu and at least one mineral acid; ii) adding at least one sequestrating agent and, optionally, at least one dispersant to the solution to form a precipitate; iii) recovering the precipitate from the solution; and iv) heating the precipitate in a flow of oxygen to form the LnM2Cu3Ox powder, wherein Ln is a rare earth element, preferably Y, Ce, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Sc, Yb, or a mixture of two or more thereof, and wherein M is selected from Ca, Sr, and Ba.

Abstract: A water filter cartridge is provided for gravity-feed water filtration applications, and includes a granular filter media made from a mixture of titanium dioxide particles interspersed with granular activated charcoal. The granular filter media is placed in a filter housing having an upper inlet opening and a lower outlet opening. A seal may be disposed around an outer periphery of the housing at its upper region, and may include a flange region that flexes upwardly upon insertion of the sidewall into a filter cartridge opening.

Abstract: A composite material for use in water treatment. The composite material includes a porous matrix including a resin capable of retaining a catalyst and magnetic material therein, and includes a density regulating portion disposed therein. The catalyst is capable of facilitating a chemical reaction involving a contaminants in the water. The magnetic material and density regulating portion can be used to separate the composite material from treated water. Systems and methods of use involving passive water treatment, continuous water treatment, solar light exposure, UV light exposure, and electrochemical cells, employing photochemical, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical reactions are described. Methods of manufacture are described.

Abstract: Described are filtration elements for removing materials from a fluid. The filtration elements generally operate by inducing cavitation into a fluid passing through them, generating energy and removing unwanted materials from the fluid. The filtration elements can be used singularly or in combination with one another for a multiple level filtration system.

Abstract: A new apparatus, system and method to purified produced water and removed valuable metals and minerals is described. The apparatus comprises a device for flowing produced water wellbore from a wellbore to the produced water purification apparatus; at least one device to remove heavy metals from the produced water; at least one brine removal device to remove brine from the produced water. The method comprises steps to use the apparatus and the system comprises a control panel that operates the at least one device for removing heavy metals and at least one sensor in a coordinated manner.

Abstract: A water desalination system includes a first set of ultrafiltration membranes, a second set of ultrafiltration membranes, a first backwashing system configured to treat at least one of the first set of ultrafiltration membranes or the second set of ultrafiltration membranes with brine generated by a reverse osmosis process, and a second backwashing system configured to treat at least one of the first set of ultrafiltration membranes or the second set of ultrafiltration membranes with one or more chemicals and reverse osmosis permeate water.

Abstract: An electrolyzed water generating device 1 has an electrolysis chamber 40, a first feeding body 41 and a second feeding body 41 to which a DC voltage is applied, a diaphragm 43 disposed between the first feeding body 41 and the second feeding body 42 to divide the electrolysis chamber 40 into a first-polar chamber 40a and a second-polar chamber 40b, a control unit 5 for switching a polarity of the first feeding body 41 to an anode or a cathode and a polarity of the second feeding body 42 to a cathode or an anode, a flow rate sensor 22 detecting an amount of flowing water into the electrolysis chamber 40 on the cathode side per unit time, and a current detecting means 44 detecting a DC current supplied to the first feeding body 41 and the second feeding body 42. The surfaces of the first feeding body 41 and the second feeding body 42 are formed of a hydrogen storage metal.

Abstract: Self-cleaning electrochemical cells, systems including self-cleaning electrochemical cells, and methods of operating self-cleaning electrochemical cells are disclosed. The self-cleaning electrochemical cell can include a plurality of concentric electrodes disposed in a housing, for example, a cathode and an anode, a fluid channel defined between the concentric electrodes, a separator residing between the concentric electrodes, first and second end caps coupled to respective ends of the housing, and an inlet cone. The separators may be configured to localize the electrodes and dimensioned to minimize a zone of reduced velocity occurring downstream from the separator. The end caps and inlet cone may be dimensioned to maintain fully developed flow and minimize pressure drop across the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: Chloride salts of certain rare earth elements have beneficial effects as clarifying agents in the primary treatment of wastewater. Disclosed herein are methods for treating wastewater comprising dosing wastewater, as part of a primary treatment system, with a clarifying agent of chloride salts of rare earth elements, either individually or mixtures. The rare earth clarifying agents are added or dosed at any point upstream of the primary treatment operation, within the primary treatment operation, or both upstream of and within the primary treatment operation. Also disclosed herein are clarifying agents for use in the primary treatment of wastewater comprising an aqueous solution of chloride salts of the rare earth elements.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of wastewaters including a cyanide compound and a metallic compound, wherein the wastewaters are subjected to a single oxidation step during which cyanides compounds are converted into carbon dioxide and nitrogen, this oxidation step including the mixing of wastewaters with a chlorine solution and an alkaline agent so as to obtain a mixture, the alkaline agent being added in such a quantity so as to maintain the pH of said mixture between 8.8 and 9.5 and the chlorine solution being added in such a quantity so as to maintain the oxydo-reduction potential of the mixture between 150 and 450 mV.

Abstract: A transportable system for generating aqueous ozone solution includes a hand truck carrying one or more auxiliary compartments containing respective mixing assemblies that are fluidically coupled to an ozone supply unit. At least one mixing assembly includes a first flow path for water to flow through and a second flow path in parallel with the first flow path. The first flow path includes one or more ozone intake ports that are fluidically coupled to one or more ozone output ports of the ozone supply unit. The second flow path includes a control valve that selectively permits a portion of the water to flow through the second flow path to produce a negative pressure in the first flow path so that ozone is drawn into the first flow path and mixed into the water flowing through the first flow path to produce an aqueous ozone solution.

Abstract: Systems for use in one or more sludge or waste collection devices (e.g., containers, vessels or basins). One such system is a sludge removal system for removing sludge from one or more sludge collection devices. The sludge removal system includes one or more sludge removal grids disposed in one or more sludge collection devices. Each sludge removal grid preferably includes at least one header and a plurality of sludge collection laterals. Another such system includes a fluid distribution system for distributing one or more fluids in one or more sludge or waste collection devices. A movement restricting or prevention member is provided in both the fluid distribution and sludge removal systems to prevent or restrict movement of the sludge collection laterals and the fluid distribution laterals away from or towards a floor of a corresponding collection device without anchoring or fixing the laterals to the floor.

Abstract: A system (20, 70) for water treatment includes a plurality of containers (22, 24, 26, 80) which are configured to be stacked one on another for shipment and to deployed in a row at different, respective heights at a water treatment site. Each container includes an inlet (37, 86) at a first side of the container and an outlet (88) at a second side of the container, opposite the first side. The containers are filled with substrates (36, 38, 40) configured for planting of aquatic plants (60) therein and including at least different first and second substrates for filling the first and second containers, respectively. Piping includes at least an inlet pipe (34) for connection to the inlet of a first container, a transfer pipe (64, 66) for connection between the outlet of the first container and the inlet of a second container, and an outlet pipe (41) for connection to the outlet of the second container.

Abstract: A system and method for producing period-coded glass containers is disclosed. One method comprises producing a glass container from a traceable material composition associated with a predetermined time period, manufacturing facility, and/or time of container manufacture, where the glass container is configured to be analyzed for the traceable material composition, and at least one of constituents of or amounts of materials in the traceable material composition is configured to be identified and cross-referenced to a cross-reference schedule for identifying the time period, manufacturing facility, and/or time of container manufacture in which the glass container was produced.

Abstract: A hot-forming device is provided for producing glass containers from a glass tube. The device includes a rotary table mounted so as to be rotationally movable and an assigned drive motor for driving the rotary table. The rotary table includes several holding chucks for holding workpieces distributed around the circumference of the rotary table. The rotary table has a coolant channel that is fluid-tight and through which a coolant can flow to cool.

Abstract: The present disclosure illustrates an energy-saving wind box, a cooling device and an energy-saving cooling system. A wind box body of the present disclosure is installed with slot plates and driving components to movably shield wind holes, wherein an outer surface of the wind box body has air outlets arranged horizontally in an upper row and a lower row, and the air outlets in the upper row are respectively opposite to the air outlets in the lower row. Each air outlet has a wind hole. The slot plates are respectively disposed in the wind holes. Each driving component is connected to two corresponding slot plates in the upper and lower rows which are arranged opposite to each other. The two slot plates are controlled by the driving component to pivot to close or open the corresponding two wind holes.

Abstract: A device for producing and removing an internal contour from a planar substrate comprising: a beam-producing- and beam-forming arrangement which is configured to perform: a contour definition step wherein a laser beam is guided over the substrate to produce a plurality of individual zones of internal damage in a substrate material along a contour line defining the internal contour; a crack deformation step, wherein the laser beam is guided over the substrate and produces a plurality of individual zones of internal damage in the substrate material to form a plurality of crack line portions that lead away from the contour line into the internal contour; and a material removal-step, wherein a laser beam directed towards the substrate surface that inscribes a removal line through a thickness of the substrate at the internal contour causes the internal contour to detach from the substrate.

Abstract: A system and methods are described herein for preheating a preform in a preheater furnace and then transferring the preheated preform to a consolidation furnace for chemical treatment and sintering the preform into a clear glass which can be drawn into optical fiber. In addition, the preheater furnace is described herein which is configured to heat the preform per a predetermined heat-profile until the preform is uniformly heated to a temperature above 1000° C.

Abstract: A glass material with a low dielectric constant and a low fiberizing temperature includes silicon dioxide, boron trioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, phosphorus pentoxide and zinc oxide. The silicon dioxide makes up 45%-52% by weight of the glass material. The boron trioxide makes up 25%-30% by weight of the glass material. The aluminum oxide makes up 10%-14% by weight of the glass material. The calcium oxide makes up 1%-4% by weight of the glass material. The phosphorus pentoxide makes up 0-3% by weight of the glass material. The zinc oxide makes up 1%-5% by weight of the glass material. The reduced silicon dioxide content and calcium oxide content and addition of phosphorus pentoxide and zinc oxide in the glass material lower the dielectric constant and fiberizing temperature of the glass material.

Abstract: A mixed silver powder and a conductive paste comprising the powder are disclosed. The mixed silver powder is obtained by mixing two or more spherical silver powders having different properties from each other. The mixed powder may minimize the disadvantages of the respective types of the two or more powders and maximize the advantages thereof, thereby improving the characteristics of products. In addition, by comprehensively controlling the particle size distribution of surface-treated mixed silver powder and the particle diameter and specific gravity of primary particles, a high-density conductor pattern, a precise line pattern, and the suppression of aggregation over time can be simultaneously achieved.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions that can be used for optical fibers and other systems that transmit light in the near-, mid- and/or far-ranges of the infrared spectrum, such as for example in the wavelength range of 1.5 ?m to 14 ?m. The optical fibers may comprise a light-transmitting chalcogenide core composition and a cladding composition. In some embodiments, the light-transmitting chalcogenide core composition has a refractive index n(core) and a coefficient of thermal expansion CTE(core), and the cladding composition has a refractive index n(cladding) and a coefficient of thermal expansion CTE(cladding), wherein n(cladding) is less than n(core) and in some embodiments wherein CTE(cladding) is less than CTE(core). In some embodiments, the chalcogenide glass core composition comprises a) sulfur and/or selenium, b) germanium, and c) gallium, indium, tin and/or one or more metal halides.

Abstract: Deadfront articles that include a tactile element formed on a first surface of a substrate and a visual element disposed on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface. The tactile element is positioned on the first surface of the substrate in a complimentary fashion to the visual element disposed on the second surface of the substrate. The tactile element may include a surface roughness portion having a surface roughness different than the surface roughness of an area bordering the surface roughness portion. The deadfront articles may be incorporated into an automobile interior to provide a visual and haptic display interface for a user.

Abstract: Glass or glass ceramic substrates are provided that have a decorative coating. Methods for coating a glass or glass ceramic substrate with a decorative coating are also provided. In the method, a first, textured layer is applied which is filled with a further layer, so that a layer material of graded composition is formed.

Abstract: A repair compound for use in all applications and particularly well-suited for large hole repair. The repair compound includes a latex resin, a thickener, fibers, and a filler material. In some embodiments, the repair compound is configured to exhibit pseudoplastic-type behavior. In some embodiments, the repair compound has a density of not greater than 4.0 lbs/gal. In some embodiments, the repair compound includes hydrophobic and hydrophilic fibers of different morphologies. In some embodiments, the repair compound includes HASE-type thickeners. In some embodiments, the repair compound includes a bimodal distribution of hollow glass microspheres from two different strength/size curves.

Abstract: A system and a method for concrete production is disclosed. In some implementations, the method comprises the steps of mixing of a calcium carbide residue (CCR) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to produce a CCR-OPC blended concrete, incorporating the CCR-OPC blended concrete in its fresh or hardened state to a carbonation chamber for accelerated carbonation curing, and producing a carbonated CCR-OPC blended concrete after the accelerated carbonation curing. The CCR-OPC blended concrete is exposed to a carbon dioxide (CO2) gas to promote a plurality of properties. The system includes a blending module and a carbonation chamber. The blending module mixes CCR and OPC to produce a CCR-OPC blended concrete, and the carbonation chamber performs accelerated carbonation curing of the CCR-OPC blended concrete in its fresh or semi-hardened state to produce a carbonated CCR-OPC blended concrete.

Abstract: A field of thermal treatment of ceramic materials is provided, and relates to a method for thermal treatment of a solid ceramic part in a microwave cavity, the direction of the electrical field E being substantially uniform in an empty cavity, comprising the steps that consist of placing, in the cavity, at least one ceramic part surrounded by at least one first susceptor with dimensions, material and arrangement configured to emit infrared radiation, each first susceptor including at least one first main surface, each first main surface being an adjusted surface in which the cone distances are parallel to the electrical field E, and of emitting the microwaves into the cavity.

Abstract: Systems for and methods of manufacturing a ceramic matrix composite include introducing a gaseous precursor into an inlet portion of a reaction furnace having a chamber comprising the inlet portion and an outlet portion that is downstream of the inlet portion, and delivering a mitigation agent, such as water vapor or ammonia, into an exhaust conduit in fluid communication with and downstream of the outlet portion of the reaction chamber so as to control chemical reactions occurring with the exhaust chamber. Introducing the gaseous precursor densifies a porous preform, and introducing the mitigation agent shifts the reaction equilibrium to disfavor the formation of harmful and/or pyrophoric byproduct deposits within the exhaust conduit.

Abstract: A method for producing a refractory lining in a combustion chamber operating in a reducing atmosphere. The lining includes at least one or more Zirconia (Zr)-based refractory lining members comprising one or more Zr-based parts. The Zr-based parts comprise at least 90 wt. %, preferably at least 95 wt. %, of monoclinic ZrO2 and/or partially stabilized ZrO2 and/or fully stabilized ZrO2, wherein the total content of tetragonal and cubic ZrO2 amounts to at least 20 wt. %, preferably more than 35 wt. %, as well as Zr based refractory lining members and methods for manufacturing the Zr based refractory lining members.

Abstract: A part includes a substrate, having, adjacent to a surface of the substrate, at least a portion that is made from a material that contains silicon, and an environmental barrier formed on the surface of the substrate, the environmental barrier including at least a first layer including a rare earth disilicate of formula REa2Si2O7 present at a molar content lying in the range 70% to 99.9%, where REa is a rare earth element; and at least one rare earth oxide of formula REb2O3 present at a molar content lying in the range 0.1% to 30%, where REb is a rare earth element different from REa.

Abstract: A method of producing fertilizer compositions while producing biogas is disclosed. The method comprises converting an organic material such as organic wastes into fertilizer compositions and biogas. The conversion of the organic material is performed in a fermentation process. In some embodiments, the method comprises preparing a fermenting mixture comprising a starting organic material, a starting bio-stimulant product comprising a plurality of microorganisms, and a starting nitrogen source, and fermenting the fermenting mixture in a fermentation environment for a first time interval to form a fermented mixture comprising the fertilizer composition.

Abstract: A method, a system, and an apparatus of certain embodiments are provided to recover water and carbon dioxide from combustion emissions. The recovery includes, among other things, electrolysis and carbon dioxide capture in a suitable solvent. The recovered water and carbon dioxide are subject to reaction, such as a catalytic methanation reaction, to generate at least methane.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions are prepared by contacting a palladium source and 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-6-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,8-trioxa-6-phosphaadamantane and a methoxyocta-diene compound, in a primary aliphatic alcohol, under suitable conditions including a ratio of equivalents of palladium to equivalents of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-6-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,8-trioxa-6-phosphaadamantane ranging from greater than 1:1 to 1:1.3. The result is a complex of palladium, a 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-6-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,8-trioxa-6-phosphaada-mantane ligand, and a ligand selected from a methoxyoctadiene ligand, an octadienyl ligand, or a protonated octadienyl. Such complexes may, in solution, exhibit surprising solubility and storage stability and are useful in the telomerization of butadiene, which is a step in the production of 1-octene.

Abstract: A method for steam cracking of a hydrocarbon feed is disclosed. The method can include heating a hydrocarbon feed stream with a first quench water stream to form a heated hydrocarbon feed stream and a second quench water stream having a temperature lower than the first quench water stream, steam cracking the heated hydrocarbon feed stream to form a cracked stream comprising cracked gases, contacting the cracked stream with a quench water to form a gaseous stream comprising quenched cracked gases and a crude water stream comprising heated quench water and pyrolysis gasoline, and separating the crude water stream to form the first quench water stream.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for co-production of hydrofluorocarbons, which includes the steps of: preheating a mixture of chlorinated olefin and hydrogen fluoride; transferring the mixture to the top of a reactor; simultaneously introducing 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropene and dichloromethane to the middle of the reactor for reaction; dividing the reactor into three to six sections; filling each section with a catalyst; obtaining reaction products at an outlet of the reactor; and separating the reaction products to obtain various hydrofluorocarbon products, respectively. The present disclosure has the advantages of a high yield, an optimal selectivity and a low energy consumption.

Abstract: A method of producing a catalyst comprises forming a decomposed material comprising a decomposed hydrotalcite, a decomposed hydrocalumite, or a combination of both, combining the decomposed material with a mixture to form a catalyst mixture, and heating the catalyst mixture to convert the metal salt to a metal oxide. The mixture comprises a metal salt and a chelating agent, and the resulting metal oxide combined with the decomposed material forms the catalyst.

Abstract: Cycloalkylamine derivatives may be used for preventing or treating diseases in humans, animals, and have demonstrated efficacy specifically in treating type 2 diabetes. In an embodiment, the cycloalkylamine derivatives can include a compound selected from the group consisting of cycloheptanamine salts, cyclohexanamine salts, cyclopentanamine salts 1-cycloheptyl-[4,4?-bipyridin]-1-ium, N1,N2-dicycloheptyloxalamide, 1-[3?,5?-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cycloheptylurea, 1,1?-(4-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(3-cycloheptylurea), 1-(2?-aminopyrimidin-4?-yl)-3-cycloheptylurea, 4-amino-N-(cycloheptylcarbamoyl)benzenesulfonamide, 4-(3?-cycloheptylureido)-N-(5?-methylisoxazol-3?-yl)benzenesulfonamide, N-(cycloheptylcarbamoyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 1-cycloheptylguanidine hydrochloride, (E)-amino[(amino(cycloheptylamino)methylene)amino]methaniminium chloride, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Provided are an organic electric element comprising as a phosphorescent host material, a mixture of the compounds of Formula (1) and Formula (2), and an organic electronic device or apparatus thereof for achieving a high luminous efficiency, a low driving voltage, and an improved lifespan.