Abstract: The invention concerns a method to determine the recipe Rym for roasting a quantity m of a type Cy coffee beans in a particular type of roasting apparatus, said recipe Rym providing setpoints (Tym@ti; ti), wherein the method comprises the steps of:—getting access to: ?a rule to calculate the roasting recipe adapted to the roasting of a quantity of beans, said quantity being comprised in a list of pre-determined quantities (M, M±?x), from any pre-existing roasting recipe adapted to the roasting of another quantity of beans in said particular type of roasting apparatus, said another quantity being comprised in the list of pre-determined quantities (M, M±?x), and to at least one pre-determined original roasting recipe RyMoriginal adapted to the roasting of one original pre-determined quantity Moriginal of the type Cy coffee beans, and—based on the comparison between m, the accessible original pre-determined quantity Moriginal and the accessible pre-determined quantities of the list (M, M±?x), determining the roa

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to edible organogel compositions that comprise an organogelator and a flavor component, and processes for preparing the organogel compositions. The organogel compositions may be included as the flavor component in confectionery products, such as chewing gums.

Abstract: The stirring apparatus includes a stirring beater configured to be coaxially disposed in a mixing chamber of a freezing cylinder in a rotatable manner for pushing a mixture flowed in the mixing chamber in an inner spiral manner, and one or more scraper blades. The stirring beater includes one or more helical stirring paddles supported by a central frame and spirally extended along a length of the mixing chamber.

Abstract: An edible substrate system may have an edible substrate disposed on a backing substrate and a decorative substrate disposed on the edible substrate. The edible substrate may be cut to define a profile to define edible substrate stickers. Edible substrate stickers may be peelable from the backing substrate without jeopardizing the integrity of the edible sticker or decorative substrate thereon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a meat substitute hamburger comprising: 1 to 50 wt % of a plant protein; 0.01 to 5 wt % of a high acyl gellan gum; 5 to 20 wt % of a plant oil and/or fat; 0.001 to 5 wt % of a colorant; 0.01 to 5 wt % of a juiciness enhancer; 0.001 to 5 wt % of a nutrient; 0 to 5 wt % of a binder; and water up to 100 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a tropical fish feed by using brine shrimp, and a tropical fish feed prepared thereby, and, more specifically, to: a method for preparing a tropical fish feed by using brine shrimp, and a tropical fish feed prepared thereby, the method feeding spirulina and Haematococcus to hatched brine shrimp to prepare a tropical fish feed, and thus can promote the growth of tropical fish, boost the immune system and improve the consumption, digestion, absorption and palatability for tropical fish.

Abstract: The current invention refers to an additive for animals composed of saponins, phenolic compounds and p-cimenol, and to the procedure for its obtention.

Abstract: Pennycress seed, seed lots, and seed meal having reduced fiber content and improved suitability for use in producing animal feed are provided.

Abstract: A preparation of a high-conversion compound rumen bypass polyunsaturated fatty acid powder and the use thereof. The preparation comprises: adsorbing a polyunsaturated fatty acid oil by means of an adsorbent under vacuum conditions, and compounding a water-soluble antioxidant and an enzyme for promoting digestion and absorption to form a mixed powder; uniformly mixing and granulating the mixed powder by using a colloid or flour, and carrying out one-layer fixed coating by using a polysaccharide; and performing rumen bypass coating of the one-layer coating granule by using a fat powder or of a monoglyceride and a diglyceride by using a coating machine.

Abstract: Described and illustrated herein is an improved beverage composition and methods of making the same. The beverage composition is free of fat, is high in protein, and useful in muscle recovery after exercise.

Abstract: A re-useable partitioning seal used storage containers creates a virtually airtight chambers, to preserve products therein. A disc or differently shaped layer, with flat top and bottom surfaces, is configured to fit against the interior surface of a storage container. A thin, flexible perimeter forming a gasket around the layer, and a handle attached to the layer without fissure or cavity, thereby providing and a single piece, inexpensive re-useable partitioning seal.

Abstract: A food processing apparatus 1a of the present disclosure includes a container 10, a catalyst film 20, and a light source 30. The container 10 has a space 15 for containing food F. The catalyst film 20 has an active surface 21a in contact with the space 15. The light source 30 is disposed at a position closer to a main surface 22a of the catalyst film 20 located on a side opposite to the active surface 21a than to the active surface 21a in a thickness direction of the catalyst film 20. The light source 30 emits ultraviolet light U toward the catalyst film 20. An absorptivity of the catalyst film 20 for the ultraviolet light U is 50% or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and processes for preparing microbially stable edible products from dough and to processes and compositions for preparing edible dough-based products having improved mold resistance, extended shelf-life and good organoleptic properties. In accordance with the invention combination of an acetate component and a propionate component, in particular combinations of a (buffered) vinegar and a propionate component prepared by fermentation can be applied in bread and other baked dough products to accomplish satisfactory mold inhibitory effects at dosages that do not (negatively) affect the organoleptic properties of the product, such as flavor, taste or aroma. Hence, the present invention provides new preservative systems, the uses thereof for inhibiting mold in baked dough products, and the baked dough products accordingly obtained.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing food intervention, pumping up, and tenderization are discussed. While such systems can include any suitable component, in some cases, they include a needleless spray nozzle head that injects injectade into food without requiring the head to contact the food. In some cases, the head comprises an elongated needleless spray bar that defines multiple internal fluid channels that extend from a first end to a second end of the spray bar. In some cases, the head comprises a manifold system with a first manifold portion at the first end and a second manifold portion at the second end of the spray bar. In some cases, the first manifold portion directs the injectade towards the second end, and the second manifold portion directs the injectade towards the first end of the elongated needleless spray bar. Other implementations are described.

Abstract: A structure of a machine for cooking snacks in a salt bath, includes: a load-bearing frame; a mixing drum, having a tubular body extending along a main axis, an inlet mouth, an outlet mouth and a feed screw, inside the tubular body, configured to force a plurality of elements placed inside the tubular body to advance from the inlet mouth towards the outlet mouth; a containment jacket, which encloses the mixing drum and is integral with it; a recirculation gap defined between the mixing drum and the containment jacket; a sieving zone for separating the elements, inside the tubular body, from a bath of granular material in which the elements are immersed; a heater configured to heat the bath of granular material; motor driver for continuously rotating the containment jacket and the mixing drum integral with it. The main axis is tilted with respect to a reference horizontal plane.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to food products with stable green color and methods of making the same. In an embodiment, a method of making a food product with stable green color herein includes transferring chlorophyll from an aqueous phase to a lipid phase within the food product, forming an emulsion including the lipid phase, and heating the food product including the emulsion. In an embodiment, a sealed food product is included having a container and a food product composition within the container. The food product composition including a stabilized emulsion. The stabilized emulsion can include a lipid phase and chlorophyll, wherein at least 50 wt. percent of the chlorophyll is disposed within the lipid phase of the stabilized emulsion and wherein the food product composition is hermetically sealed within the container. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Easy-to-cook and easy-to-brew noodles of physical fabrication process are provided, in which an appropriate amount of strong/medium strength flour or semolina or durum wheat flour is taken as a noodle base material, which is mixed with water and salt to forming a mixture that is extruded to form noodles of various shapes of thin strips spiral, or sheet. The so formed noodle are then steamed and cut quantitatively and the subjected to semi-puff drying or full-puff drying according to the thickness or set brewing time of the noodles so as to make instant pasta through the physical fabrication process, allowing the pasta to be brewed or cooked in a short time, and fast edible. The physical fabrication process does not involve adding of oil or additives, such as leavening agent or starch, and thus does not affect human health.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing cultured meat, the method including: forming a cell sheet by culturing cells usable for producing cultured meat; and culturing the cells in a form in which a nanofilm is formed on a surface of the cell sheet by coating the cell sheet. The present disclosure provides a method for producing cultured meat that implements excellent mechanical strength by protecting a cell layer from external stress and performing stable cell proliferation, and provides cultured meat implementing quality and taste that are improved compared to those of conventional cultured meat by reproducing tissue similar to muscle tissue of an actual animal.

Abstract: Sweetener compositions comprising particular glycoside blends are described in this paper. The glycioside blends comprise rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and/or rebaudioside D in various proportions. The sweetener composition can also include one or more bulking agents or other ingredients. The sweetener compositions can be used in foods and beverages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an ethanol-free vanilla extract, and an ethanol-free vanilla extract obtainable by the process according to the invention. In particular, the present invention relates to an ethanol-free vanilla extract comprising at most 100 mg/kg ethanol, the use of this ethanol-free vanilla extract and products comprising the ethanol-free vanilla extract. The focus of the present invention is in particular to provide an ethanol-free vanilla extract which contains only traces of ethanol naturally contained in fermented vanilla beans and is produced without the use of ethanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved compositions comprising CGA(s).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for enhancing oil recovery and protein recovery from a product from a corn fermentation process stream, such as corn syrup. Compositions generally include a product from a corn fermentation stream and an additive including at least one alkylphenol ethoxylate formaldehyde resin, at least one sodium alkyl sulfate, or a blend of at least one anionic surfactant with at least one non-ionic surfactant in a weight ratio of the at least one nonionic surfactant to the at least one anionic surfactant in a range from about 1:20 to about 20:1. Methods combine such an additive with the product from a corn fermentation stream to produce a mixture which is preferably heated and centrifuged to separate oil and protein from the product.

Abstract: A method to expedite the growth of the agave plant by growing the plant tissue from a cell culture in a laboratory utilize incubator cells that are taken from the leaf of an agave plant and grown in a medium containing all the nutrients required for the production of new cells and the maturation of those new cells. The cells are then exposed to photosynthetic active radiation and fed with extra carbon dioxide, causing the cells to undergo photosynthesis and form the sugars that are found in a naturally growing agave plant. These cultivated cells are given an optimum amount of light and carbon dioxide to promote an unexpected and substantially higher growth rate than heretofore achieved. The process can be used to make tequila and the sugars produced converted to sugar products such as syrup and crystalline sugar.

Abstract: A produce wash system, method, and short-term wash treatment are provided. For example, the produce wash system includes a produce line including a short-term wash device followed by a wash device, a short-term wash treatment that is applied by the short-term wash device to a product, wherein the short-term wash treatment is applied using a spray device that creates micrometer sized droplets, and wherein the short-term wash treatment remains on the product for a pretreatment time that lasts until the product reaches the wash device, and a wash treatment that is applied by the wash device to the product, wherein the wash treatment rinses the short-term wash treatment from the product defining the end of the pretreatment time. The pretreatment time is set at or below a damage threshold time beyond which the short-term wash treatment damages the product beyond a damage threshold.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for more convenient roasting of coffee. The apparatus (1) in particular facilitates an improved means for discharging or ejecting the so roasted coffee beans from the apparatus (1). The apparatus (1), which may be a home appliance apparatus, comprises a chamber (10) in which coffee beans can be received for roasting. The apparatus (1) further comprises a device for generating a current of air in order to agitate the coffee beans received by the chamber (10). The chamber (10) is delimited by a bottom (11), a top (12), and a sidewall (13) extending from the bottom (11) to the top (12), wherein the sidewall (13) comprises a discharge port (30), which is selectively moveable between a closed position and an open position, such that the current of air generated by the device can drive the coffee beans through the discharge port (30) to be discharged from the chamber (10), when the discharge port (30) is in the open position.

Abstract: Provided is a method which is capable of three-dimensionally forming a food into a desired shape such as a complicated shape or a hollow shape, using a starch powder as a raw material. The method for three-dimensionally forming a food using a starch powder as a raw material comprises the steps of: mixing a starch powder and water together to provide a mixture of the starch powder and the water; irradiating a part of the mixture with laser light to cause starch particles of the starch powder to swell due to the water to form swollen starch particles, followed by causing the swollen starch particles to gelatinize to form gelatinized starch particles, and causing the gelatinized starch particles to gelate, thereby obtaining gelated starch: and extracting the gelated starch from the mixture, wherein the step of irradiating includes irradiating the mixture with the laser light, according to a pattern predetermined based on a three-dimensional shape of a food.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a consumable for an aerosol provision system. The apparatus includes a feeding apparatus for receiving and supplying a sheet of aerosol-generating material along a conveyance path, and a sensor configured to detect information indicative of defects in the sheet as the sheet passes along the conveyance path. The apparatus can include a consumable forming apparatus configured to receive the sheet of aerosol-generating material and form the sheet into a consumable, and a controller configured to determine the presence of a defect in the sheet based on the information detected by the sensor. A consumable for an aerosol provision system can be manufactured by the apparatus and/or method disclosed herein. Additionally, an apparatus, method and controller for analyzing a sheet of aerosol-generating material for an aerosol provision system consumable and a system for manufacturing a consumable for an aerosol provision system.

Abstract: Generating a printable inhalant solution may include selecting identifiers for one or more identified chemicals and creating, for each identified chemical, a chemical specification that includes at least a quantity of the chemical. The chemical specifications in the aggregate may include a chemical signature of the selected identified chemicals. Further, a printable solution may be mechanically printed onto a predetermined flammable base substrate.

Abstract: An aerosol generating article includes a first portion including an organic acid, a second portion including a nicotine freebase, a third portion including a cooling material, and a fourth portion including a filter material, wherein a nicotine salt is generated through an acid-base reaction of the organic acid and nicotine freebase that are vaporized by heating.

Abstract: An aerosol generating article includes a shell that extends along a first axis; a material part disposed inside the shell, wherein the material part includes a substrate for generating an aerosol and one or more inductively heatable susceptors for heating the substrate; and a conductive loop that is spaced from the material part along the first axis and is configured to produce, when in the presence of an oscillating magnetic field aligned substantially along the first axis, a reverse magnetic field aligned oppositely to the oscillating magnetic field.

Abstract: A device for manufacturing multi-segment rod-like articles (R), the device comprising: a feeding unit (5) for feeding a train of segments (S1, S2, S3), the feeding unit (5) comprising a feeding wheel (8), a transporter (9) for transporting a wrapper (10) having a form of a tape and the segments (S1, S2, S3) on the belt (13) along a guide (14) provided with an inlet part (14-I), a forming unit (11) for forming a continuous rod (CR) from the segments (S1, S2, S3), a cutting head (12) for cutting the continuous rod (CR) into individual multi-segment rod-like articles (R), wherein the feeding wheel (8) is located above the inlet part (14-I) of the guide (14).

Abstract: An electronic cigarette water tank includes a container for holding a liquid for filtering vapor from a vaporizer of an electronic cigarette, the container including upper and lower walls; an inhalation tube inside the container for releasing vapor from the tank, the inhalation tube having an upstream end located above a liquid level within the container; a vapor tube inside the container for discharging vapor into the liquid, the vapor tube having a downstream end located below a liquid level within the container; the inhalation tube having a substantially U-shape extending from the upstream end toward the lower wall and turning back to the upper wall; and the vapor tube having a substantially U-shape extending from the downstream end toward the upper wall and turning back to the lower wall; wherein the inhalation tube and the vapor tube have hydrophobic properties.

Abstract: There is provided an electronically controlled, breath actuated vaporization device for generating vaporized material for inhalation by a user. The vaporization device includes a vaporization chamber for accommodating material to be vaporized and a mesh heater or other heater supported upstream of the vaporization chamber which is operable to heat air that passes through the mesh heater or other heater during an inhalation event. A closed loop control scheme may be employed to control heat generated by the heater to maintain a temperature of the air delivered to the vaporization chamber at or within a predetermined tolerance of a desired vaporization temperature for at least a majority of a duration of the inhalation event.

Abstract: A flavor carrier for an aerosol-generating device includes an outer housing extending in a longitudinal direction, an inner housing extending in the longitudinal direction, and a flavor chamber between the outer housing and the inner housing. The outer housing includes at least one outer housing perforation defined in a wall of the outer housing. The inner housing includes at least one inner housing perforation defined in a wall of the inner housing. The flavor chamber is configured to contain a flavoring material.

Abstract: Techniques for performing on-demand customization of inhalants to improve the vaping experience may include receiving a selected target flavor, comparing the selected target flavor with a base flavor, and receiving a chemical signature that can be used as a reference for injecting predetermined dosages of one or more pre-vapor formulations into a chamber of the vaping apparatus. The vaping apparatus may apply heat to a combination of the base flavor and the pre-vapor formulations in the chamber to generate the targeted flavor. This technique of on-demand customization of inhalants may improve the vaping experience and reduce the cost of vaping by dynamically adjusting the amount of chemicals to be added to the base flavor depending on a target experience or flavor.

Abstract: A multi-cartridge and an aerosol generation device including the same are provided. The aerosol generation device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure may include a first liquid reservoir in which a first liquid composition is stored, a second liquid reservoir in which a second liquid composition different from the first liquid composition is stored, and a vaporizing element configured to vaporize at least one of the first liquid composition and the second liquid composition to generate an aerosol.

Abstract: A cartomizer for an aerosol generating device includes a first end configured to engage with a control and power supply device, and a second end having a vapor outlet; a container for holding a reservoir to contain vaporizable material, and a vaporizing unit including an electrical heating element 21 and a liquid transport element. The liquid transport is arranged to deliver vaporizable material from the least one reservoir to the heating element, a bottom holder and a pair of electrodes held by the bottom holder at the first end of the cartomizer. The electrodes are made of a ferrous or ferro-magnetic material and extend transversally at the bottom holder so that each electrode forms a first portion of contact with an electrical contact of the control and power supply device and a second portion of contact adjacent the first portion of contact to engage with a magnetic element of the power device.

Abstract: Disclosed is an article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material. The article includes a cavity for receiving smokable material, and a coil of heating material that is heatable by penetration with a varying magnetic field to heat the cavity. Also disclosed is a system including the article and apparatus. The apparatus has an interface for cooperating with the article, and a magnetic field generator. The magnetic field generator includes a coil for generating a varying magnetic field for penetrating the coil of the article when the interface is cooperating with the article. An impedance of the coil of the magnetic field generator is equal, or substantially equal, to an impedance of the coil of the article.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating device is disclosed. The aerosol-generating device includes: a cartridge including a first container, a wick disposed in the first container, the wick including an evaporation passage, a cylindrical outer portion surrounding the evaporation passage, an inner portion, which protrude toward the evaporation passage from the outer portion and extends in the longitudinal direction of the outer portion, and a groove, which is recessed from the inner portion and extends in the longitudinal direction of the outer portion, and a heater disposed in the wick, the heater including a first portion disposed between the outer portion and the inner portion and a second portion exposed through the groove; and a housing having a reception space into which the cartridge is inserted.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating device is disclosed. The aerosol-generating device of the present disclosure includes a body; a cartridge configured to be coupled to the body and comprising: a first container portion having an inner wall defining an elongated insertion space and a chamber formed between an outer wall and the inner wall configured to store a liquid therein, a second container portion adjacent to the first container portion, a wick mounted in the second container portion to be in communication with the chamber, and a heater configured to heat the wick; a sensor disposed adjacent to the cartridge, wherein the sensor is configured to sense electromagnetic properties around; and a shielding unit configured to shield the sensor from external interference.

Abstract: A cartomizer for an aerosol generating device, includes a container for holding at least one reservoir configured to contain a vaporizable material; a vaporizing chamber fluidly connected to a mouth end by a vapor passage; a liquid transport element, extending from inside the at least one reservoir to inside the vaporizing chamber to convey the vaporizable material from the reservoir to the inside of the vaporizing chamber; and an air inlet arranged to supply the vaporizing chamber with air in use; wherein the liquid transport element is separated from at least one part of the at least one reservoir by at least one compartmenting wall arranged for creating at least one chamber, in particular at least one capillary chamber, communicating by a liquid restriction passage formed in the compartmenting wall of the chamber and wherein at least a portion of the liquid transport element extends in the chamber.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device is described. The aerosol generating device includes a heating chamber comprising an opening arranged to receive a consumable; a heating apparatus for heating the consumable; wherein the heating apparatus comprises two or more heating segments and at least one insulator; 5 the two or more heating segments are arranged longitudinally along a length of the heating chamber and are configured to be independently heated; and the at least one insulator is arranged between adjacent heating segments. In this way, the device is capable of efficiently heating consumables of different shapes and sizes.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a heating chamber having an opening to receive an aerosol generating medium; and a base plate that is moveable along a length of the heating chamber to adjust a distance between the opening and the base plate, wherein the base plate is biased toward the opening and configured to move under contact with the aerosol generating medium as it is received in the heating chamber. The device further includes a heating element arranged to heat the aerosol generating medium when it is received in the heating chamber.

Abstract: A heater device for an electronic cigarette comprises: a heater unit arranged to vaporise a liquid received from a liquid reservoir and generate a vapour; and a vapour flow path extending from the heater unit and arranged to fluidly communicate with a mouthpiece of an electronic cigarette to allow the generated vapour to flow from the heater unit to the mouthpiece. The heater unit comprises a plurality of through-channels arranged to allow the generated vapour to flow from the heater unit to the vapour flow path. The plurality of through-channels comprises at least two primary through-channels and at least two secondary through-channels, where a diameter of a primary through-channel is different than a diameter of a secondary through-channel. The plurality of through-channels are arranged such that the at least two primary through-channels are alternately arranged with the secondary through-channels.

Abstract: A heater device for an electronic cigarette includes: a heater unit housing a vaporising chamber and arranged to vaporise a liquid received from a liquid reservoir and generate a vapour; and a vapour flow path extending from the vaporising chamber arranged to fluidly communicate with a mouthpiece of an electronic cigarette to allow the generated vapour to flow from the vaporising chamber to the mouthpiece. The heater unit includes a plurality of through-channels arranged to allow the generated vapour to flow from the vaporising chamber to the vapour flow path.

Abstract: A capsule has a first end to engage with an electronic cigarette device and a second end arranged as a mouthpiece portion having a vapor outlet, a liquid reservoir located towards the first end and configured to store a liquid to be vaporised; a vaporising chamber located towards the second end and having an air inlet and a vapor outlet; a heating element arranged between the liquid reservoir and the vaporising chamber and configured to vaporise liquid received from the liquid reservoir and generate a vapor in the vaporising chamber; and a flow path extending between the vaporising chamber and the mouthpiece to allow the generated vapor to flow from the vaporising chamber to the mouthpiece. The heating element includes: a heating surface exposed to the vaporising chamber, at a first end of the heating element and a capillary element having a capillary surface exposed to the liquid reservoir.

Abstract: The present application relates to the field of smoking devices, and provides an aerosol generation apparatus and an infrared heater. The aerosol generation apparatus comprises a chamber used for receiving an aerosol-forming substrate; and at least one infrared heater configured to radiate infrared rays to the chamber to heat the aerosol-forming substrate. The infrared heater comprises multiple infrared heating regions used for heating different parts of the aerosol-forming substrate, and predetermined spacing is maintained between adjacent infrared heating regions. The multiple infrared heating regions are configured to be non-independently started.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating device is provided, including: a battery, and a heater configured to heat the battery, in which one or both of the battery and the heater are movably mounted in the aerosol-generating device, such that the battery and the heater are relatively movable towards each other between a near position and a distanced position, the near position being different from the distanced position. An aerosol-generating system including an aerosol-generating article and the aerosol-generating device, and a method for heating a battery in the aerosol-generating device, are also provided.

Abstract: A cartridge for an electrically heatable aerosol-generating system is provided, the system including an aerosol-generating device, the cartridge configured to be used with the device, the device including a device housing defining a cavity to receive the cartridge, an inductor coil around or adjacent to the cavity, and a power supply connected to the coil and to provide a high-frequency oscillating current; the cartridge including: a cartridge housing to engage the device housing and containing an aerosol-forming substrate, the cartridge housing having an external surface, at least part of which is formed by a fluid permeable susceptor element that is electrically isolated from any other electrically conductive components; a first capillary material in the cartridge housing in contact with the susceptor element; and a second capillary material in the cartridge housing in contact with the first material, the first material having a higher thermal decomposition temperature than the second material.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods of identifying the functional characteristics and operational settings of any electronic inhalants or apparatuses that are designed to provide nicotine vapors to a user. The system includes a mobile device having a built-in camera to receive images of a nicotine delivery device, a system of remote backend servers with at least one image database for identifying the nicotine delivery device, and at least one processor for calculating an amount of nicotine delivered by the nicotine delivery device.