Abstract: A composite material suitable for use in sensing and catalysis applications with conjugated polymers non-covalently bound to the carbon nanotubes. The conjugated polymers have alternating aromatic (Ar) units and bipyridine (BPy) units. Metal nanoparticles having a size that is between about 0.3 nm and about 5 nm are bound to the conjugated polymers at respective BPy units, thereby anchoring the metal nanoparticles to the carbon nanotubes. Thus, a metal salt solution was added into the polymer/carbon nanotube solution to form a metal-BPy complex, which is in situ photo reduced to metal nanoparticles. Therefore, the formed nanoparticles are tightly anchored to the nanotube and can be self-regenerated by room light to offer the material a high performance and durability.

Abstract: Several variations of synthetic carbon materials are disclosed. The materials can assume a variety of properties, including high electrical conductivity. The materials also can have favorable structural and mechanical properties. They can form gas impenetrable barriers, form insulating structures, and can have unique optical properties.

Abstract: Provided are graphitic carbon materials and methods of making graphitic carbon materials. Also provided are compositions of the graphitic carbon materials with nanoparticles disposed thereon and methods of making the compositions. Also disclosed are devices utilizing the graphitic carbon materials and/or the compositions. The graphitic carbon materials are porous and have a desirable graphitic content. The graphitic materials may be nitrogen- and/or metal-doped. The nanoparticles may be platinum or platinum/transition metal nanoparticles. The compositions may be used in oxygen reduction reaction applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a black powder comprising silica particles that contain carbon. Each of the silica particles is single-layered. The content of carbon contained in the surfaces of the silica particles measured by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 1% by mass or less.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nanostructured hierarchical zeolitic materials comprising: a plurality of zeolite nanotubes, each zeolite nanotube comprising a zeolitic wall perforated by a plurality of pores, the zeolitic wall defining a single longitudinal lumen. Also disclosed herein are bolaform structure directing agents comprising: a first hydrophilic end and a second hydrophilic end with a hydrophobic core therebetween; the hydrophobic core comprising one or more aromatic rings and one or more hydrophobic alkyl groups; the one or more aromatic rings comprising a biphenyl group; the one or more hydrophobic alkyl groups each independently comprising a C10 alkyl group; and the first hydrophilic end and the second hydrophilic end each independently comprising a quinuclidinium group. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and use of the plurality of zeolite nanotubes and the bolaform structure directing agents.

Abstract: Provided is at least one of an improvement in the thermal stability of a CHA-type zeolite, which is achieved by a method different from that of the related art for improving thermal stability; a method for producing a CHA-type zeolite that improves thermal stability; and such a CHA-type zeolite. Provided is a CHA-type zeolite having a 1H-MAS-NMR spectrum and an IR spectrum in which, preferably, in the 1H-MAS-NMR spectrum, a ratio of an integrated intensity of a maximum peak having a peak top at a chemical shift of 3.0 to 3.5 ppm to an integrated intensity of a maximum peak having a peak top at a chemical shift of 4.0 to 4.5 ppm is greater than 0.12 and 0.5 or less, and, in the IR spectrum, a ratio of a maximum peak height of an absorption peak having a peak top at a wavenumber of 3630 cm?1 or greater and 3650 cm?1 or less to a maximum peak height of an absorption peak having a peak top at a wavenumber of 3590 cm?1 or greater and 3610 cm?1 or less is 0.40 or greater and 1.0 or less.

Abstract: A strontium-catalyzed process for preparing boehmite includes combining a strontium material, flash calcined gibbsite, and water to obtain an aqueous suspension; contacting the aqueous suspension with a water-soluble carbonate material; and heating the aqueous suspension to a temperature, and for a time, sufficient to form at least about 5 wt. % of boehmite.

Abstract: To produce a calcium carbonate in a controlled form while carbon dioxide gas is efficiently used. A method for producing a calcium carbonate comprises a carbon dioxide gas absorption step of allowing an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at a concentration of 5 to 21% to absorb carbon dioxide gas to give an aqueous sodium carbonate solution at a concentration of 4 to 24%; a hydration step of reacting calcium oxide with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at a concentration of 0 to less than 6% to give a lime milk that is a suspension of calcium hydroxide having a BET specific surface area of 5 to 40 m2/g; and a carbonation step of adding the aqueous sodium carbonate solution to the lime milk and performing reaction.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of producing a metal compound. The method comprises contacting a metal source with a reaction mixture, wherein the reaction mixture comprises an ionic liquid and an oxidising agent, and thereby producing the metal compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are beta-type active zinc sulfide and a preparation method therefor. The method includes: adding an oil phase containing styrene monomers into a water phase containing a pore-forming agent, a surfactant, a Zn salt, a complexing agent, a sulfur source and a water-soluble initiator, conducting mixing and emulsification, introducing metal elements, dissolving polystyrene of microspheres prepared through reaction in tetrahydrofuran, and then conducting calcination, pickling and activation to obtain the beta-type active zinc sulfide. The zinc sulfide microspheres prepared by the present invention are beta-type, and have excellent photoelectric properties and broad application prospects.

Abstract: A metal oxide nanoparticle comprises a metal oxide core of formula M2O5, wherein M is tantalum (V) or niobium (V) and alkylsiloxane ligands bonded to the metal oxide core.

Abstract: An atomizer for use in a water treatment system includes an influent inlet, to receive a flow of fluid containing contaminants a gas flow inlet, to receive a flow of gas to be mixed with the fluid in a mixing zone, an airflow controlling component, including an array of vanes disposed between the gas flow inlet and the mixing zone to impart a rotational component to a direction of flow of the gas. A channel receives the flow of fluid containing contaminants, and conducts the flow of fluid containing contaminants to the mixing zone, wherein radially outwardly flowing fluid containing contaminants is mixed with radially inwardly flowing gas to atomize the fluid containing contaminants, and an outlet.

Abstract: A fuel cell system 2 is provided with: a contaminated exhaust gas line for supplying a contaminated exhaust gas containing a contaminant discharged from a facility; and a contaminated exhaust gas purification part for purifying the contaminated exhaust gas supplied from the contaminated exhaust gas line by using heat of reaction of a fuel cell.

Abstract: To provide a heavy metal adsorbent in which elution of aluminum from a zeolite is suppressed. A compound, which is a hydrous oxide or a hydroxide of Si, Ti, Zr, Ce or La, is mixed with the zeolite.

Abstract: To provide a material capable of adsorbing lead from water with a pH of 8 or more. A porous body of a titanium-containing compound, which has a bulk specific gravity of 0.4 g/cm3 or less, is used as an adsorbent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a ligated metal-organic framework (MOF) for use in removing both anionic and cationic species from a liquid or liquid stream. The present invention also provides methods for placing the MOF on a substrate to form a MOF-containing product that can be used in the removal of certain species from a given fluid. The MOF may be a Zr-based MOF, such as NU-1000, for removal of certain anions, such as oxy-anions, or having an attached thiosulfonyl-thiol (—SO2—S—R2—SH, where R2 is an alkyl group) ligand for complexation with certain cationic species in addition to the anions. The substrate may be any substrate to which a given MOF may be attached, including inert polypropylene polymer resin beads, a macroscopic fabric such as a mesh material or mesh filter, and a molecular fabric.

Abstract: A large scale water desalination process for producing at least 100,000 m3/day of product water. Feed water is passed through a high pressure pump driven by at least one steam turbine capable of producing at least 1 MW of energy, the pressurized feed water passing through at least one reverse osmosis membrane to provide a residual brine stream and a product water. A start-up step slowly increases pressure in the membrane at a maximum rate of 12 psi (8.3 Newtons/cm2; 0.08 MPa) per second by rotation of the turbine driven high pressure pump at a maximum rate of 30 RPM to slowly increase pressure on the membrane to a predetermined operational pressure and controlling the operational pressure following the start-up step by rotation of the high pressure pump between 500 RPM and 5000 RPM dependent on the pressure applied by the steam turbine.

Abstract: A high salinity water purification system and process, including a forward osmosis system and a reverse osmosis or nanofiltration system. A solids membrane separation system removes solids from the influent water being processed. A pervaporation (PV) system eliminates liquid impurities from the influent water being processed.

Abstract: A capacitive deionization device includes, an anode and a cathode configured to oppose active materials to each other to form a passage, the anode and the cathode adsorbing ions based on electric double layers established in pores on the surfaces of the active materials; a concentration controller configured to keep the concentration of ions in liquid flowing into the passage at a level equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold; and a control circuit configured to regulate potential applied between the anode and the cathode at a level lower than an upper limit determined in accordance with the concentration of the ions detected.

Abstract: A method of moderating concentration of at least highly fluorinated alkyl materials (e.g., molecules) from a contaminated aqueous feed liquid containing an original composition of between 5 parts/trillion and 3000 parts/billion of the at least highly fluorinated materials per liter of water into an aqueous electronic separator having multiple chambers including a feed chamber having a liquid exit port from which a mediated aqueous contaminated feed liquid exits and a liquid input port into which the contaminated aqueous feed liquid enters the feed chamber; an anodic electrode chamber filled with an aqueous anodic liquid; and a cathodic electrode chamber filled with an aqueous cathodic liquid; wherein the feed chamber is between and adjacent to the anodic electrode chamber and the cathodic electrode chamber and the feed chamber is separated from each of the anodic electrode chamber and the cathodic electrode chamber by at least one semipermeable membrane.

Abstract: A removing system includes: an anode and a cathode configured to oppose active materials to each other to form a first passage, the anode and the cathode adsorbing ions in response to the application of direct current potential between the active materials; a second passage configured to form a path for liquid containing ions at a concentration equal to or higher than a predetermined level; and a third passage configured to connect a path for diluting liquid to the second passage to mix the liquid with the diluting liquid, the third passage serving to supply to the first passage liquid containing ions at a concentration lower than the predetermined level.

Abstract: A disinfection apparatus for drainage piping of sanitary equipment includes a cleansing tank, a toilet bowl, and a drainage pipe connected to the toilet bowl. When the sanitary equipment is used, a fixed amount of cleansing water is supplied to the toilet bowl from the cleansing tank, and the cleansing water after cleansing the toilet bowl is drained from the drainage pipe. A sensor senses a supply of water to the cleansing tank. A chemical liquid pump supplies a fixed amount of chemical liquid from a chemical liquid tank to the cleansing tank. A control unit is configured to operate the chemical liquid pump by means of a water supply sensing signal from the sensor to supply a fixed amount of chlorine dioxide to the cleansing tank, thereby maintaining the concentration of chlorine dioxide in the cleansing water within the cleansing tank at a fixed concentration.

Abstract: A system comprising an agitation and flocculation system and a particulate filter capture system, and optionally a feedback system and/or an ion exchange resin system. The agitation and flocculation system configured to receive a contaminated aqueous stream and an anhydrite quantity, and comprising means for agitating the aqueous stream and a means for mixing the aqueous stream with the anhydrite, such that a precipitate of calcium+contaminant complexes is formed. Also, a system comprising a fixed-bed type cross-flow system and a particulate filter capture system, and a corresponding method of removing per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances from the contaminated aqueous stream. The method comprising the acts of: providing an anhydrite quantity; contacting and agitating the anhydrite quantity with a contaminated aqueous stream; and collecting the precipitate of calcium+contaminant complexes formed from the aqueous stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a groundwater circulation well system with pressure-adjustable hydrodynamic cavitation, including a circulation well body, a sucked and injected water circulation assembly and a hydrodynamic cavitator. The sucked and injected water circulation assembly is based on a water suction and injection pump. The hydrodynamic cavitator is provided, inside a vortex chamber, with a vortex water inlet column capable of changing a water passing aperture. The hydrodynamic cavitator is capable of changing a bubbling pressure and a breaking pressure of hydrodynamic cavitation bubbles in the vortex water inlet column. The hydrodynamic cavitator generates vortices in the circulation well body to accelerate uniform mixing of a remediation agent and the groundwater. Energy from collapsing and bursting of the hydrodynamic cavitation bubbles activates the remediation agent such that contaminants in the groundwater are efficiently degraded.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of disinfection and purification of reservoirs from cyanobacteria and green algae. The formulation for purifying water from cyanobacteria and green algae comprising sodium percarbonate powder and a binding agent, i.e. hydrophobizer, according to the invention comprises, as a binding agent, a hydrophobizer melt in the form of a high-melting triglyceride fraction to provide formation therebased of a superhydrophobic coating with a contact angle of 155-165°, by way of adding the hydrophobizer melt into sodium percarbonate powder heated to a temperature of 60-70°, with the following ratio of components, wt %: sodium percarbonate: 85-97 hydrophobizer melt in the form of high-melting triglyceride fractions—the remainder, followed by uniform mixing, aging at a temperature of 65° C. for no more than 5 minutes, cooling to room temperature and grinding the resulting mixture to a dispersed state with a particle size of 50-250 microns.

Abstract: The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and discloses a method and system for enhanced culture of aerobic granular sludge. The system includes a reaction tank, a water inlet and outlet unit, an aeration unit, and a sludge discharge unit. The water inlet and outlet unit includes a water inlet pump, a water inlet electric valve, a liquid flowmeter, a sewage uniform distribution treatment device, buffers, a water drainage pipe, and a water drainage electric valve. The aeration unit includes a blower, microporous aerators, and a gas flowmeter. The sludge discharge unit includes sludge discharge pumps, a sludge discharge pipe, a sludge discharge electric valve, and a sludge concentration meter. In the present disclosure, a multi-point uniform water distribution method is used.

Abstract: A process for enriching phosphorus and recovering vivianite by a biofilm method includes the following steps: 1) an aerobic phosphorus absorption stage; 2) an anaerobic phosphorus release stage; 3) a cyclic enrichment stage; 4) a seed crystal forming stage; and 5) a crystal forming stage.

Abstract: A closed-loop, bioregenerative water purification system including a gravity-independent anaerobic membrane bioreactor capable of operating in the presence and absence of gravity, the bioreactor including an anaerobic bioreactor, a first membrane filtration unit, and a second membrane filtration unit, wherein the anaerobic bioreactor is configured to receive organic waste and hygiene water as inputs and break them down into constituent components using anaerobic microbes, wherein the first membrane filtration unit is configured to receive effluent output from the anaerobic bioreactor, return concentrate to the anaerobic bioreactor, and output permeate to the second membrane filtration unit, and wherein the second membrane filtration unit is configured to receive the permeate output from the first membrane filtration unit, separate biogas from the permeate, and output nutrient-rich water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process for treating organic waste taking place in a plant, said process for treating organic waste comprising a process of anaerobic digestion of a first part of said waste, which takes place in at least one digestion chamber, and a process of aerobic composting of a second part of said waste, which takes place in at least one composting chamber, the process for treating organic waste comprising the steps of:—collecting digestate and biogas at the end of said anaerobic digestion process,—collecting compost and humic percolate at the end of said aerobic composting process,—feeding at least part of said digestate

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heating flowable molten glass in a feed channel which is enclosed by lateral walls and a cover and into which a plurality of fuel lances and oxidizing agent lances that are mutually spaced in the flow direction of the molten glass open above the molten glass, fuel or an oxidizing agent being supplied through said lances and being brought into reaction with each other in the feed channel. The invention is characterized in that in order to combust the fuel with the oxidizing agent, a flame is produced in front of the opening of each fuel lance, said flame being designed such that adjacent or opposite flames do not contact one another.

Abstract: A method of loading glass gobs into blank molds includes producing glass gobs falling from laterally spaced orifices along falling gob axes, and receiving the glass gobs into laterally spaced blank molds having blank mold centerlines corresponding to the falling gob axes. A related system is disclosed. Also disclosed is a multiple gob feeder that includes a feeder vessel including outlets with outlet centerlines, and feeder orifices in communication with the feeder vessel and having orifice centerlines coaxial with the outlet centerlines of the outlets of the feeder vessel and establishing gob falling axes and including orifice pipes and orifice tips below the orifice pipes. The orifice pipes include heaters to heat the orifice pipes and the orifice tips include orifice tip heaters to heat the orifice tips.

Abstract: A transport guide, in the form of a conduit, for a molten glass transport cup is comprised of a glass contact material that supports the permeable flow of cooling gas from an outer surface to an inner surface of the conduit. When a molten glass charge is received in the conduit, the permeable flow of the cooling gas through the conduit fluidly displaces the glass charge radially inwardly away from the inner surface of the conduit to create a thermal break between the glass charge and the glass contact material. This thermal break helps minimize heat flow out of the molten glass charge. In this way, the molten glass charge can be received within the conduit of the transport cup, and in certain applications transported within the cup from one location to another location, while helping to preserve thermal homogeneity of the glass charge.

Abstract: A molten glass transport cup includes a conduit having an inlet and an outlet, and an endcap to cover or close, and uncover or open, the conduit outlet. The cup also may include a fluid exhaust outlet between the conduit and the endcap, and one or more fluid supply passages having one or more interior inlets located radially inwardly of the exhaust outlet. A molten glass transporter may include the cup and a conduit carrier including a sleeve at least partially circumscribing the cup. A related method may include receiving a molten glass charge in the cup in contact with an inner surface of the conduit, supplying fluid into the cup to displace at least a portion of the glass charge away from the transport cup, controlling an amount of the fluid between the charge and the transport cup, and moving the endcap to permit the charge to exit the conduit.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a housing cone of a needle in a syringe body of a glass syringe is provided. The apparatus has a forming tool configured to make a hole for creating the housing cone, and a lubricant-coolant liquid dispensing device. The forming tool has a grip portion, a tip, and a tip body, interposed between the tip and the grip portion, suitable for making the hole. The grip portion, the tip body and the tip are in one piece and aligned along a prevailing extension axis. The tip body, with respect to a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the prevailing extension axis, has a non-circular cross section, inscribed within the maximum circle having as its radius the maximum distance between a point of the cross section and the prevailing extension axis, measured on the cross-sectional plane.

Abstract: A method for separating an ultrathin glass using ultrashort laser pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser includes focusing the ultrashort laser pulses into the ultrathin glass such that a resulting focal zone is elongated in a beam direction and extends over an entire thickness of the ultrathin glass. The ultrashort laser pulses have a non-radially symmetric beam cross section perpendicular to a beam propagation direction. The method further includes introducing material modifications into the ultrathin glass along a separating line using the ultrashort laser pulses focused into the ultrathin glass, and separating the ultrathin glass along the separating line.

Abstract: A significant reduction in the burden on an evacuation operator and a significant reduction in evacuation cost are achieved when the concentration of impurities included in silicon are measured in liquid helium by a photoluminescence method. A glass which serves as a material for forming an inner cylinder Dewar flask (2) has an SiO2 content of 65% by weight to 75% by weight, and has an average thermal expansion rate of 25×10?7/° C. to 55×10?7/° C. when the temperature of the glass is 20° C. to 300° C.

Abstract: To provide a thick film resistor paste for a resistor having a smaller resistance change rate and excellent surge resistance, a thick film resistor using the thick film resistor paste, and an electronic component provided with the thick film resistor. A thick film resistor paste comprises an organic vehicle and a conductive substance-containing glass powder comprising ruthenium oxide and lead ruthenate, the conductive substance-containing glass powder comprises 10 to 70 mass% of conductive substances, a glass composition of the conductive substance-containing glass powder comprises 3 to 30 mass% of silicon oxide, 30 to 90 mass% of lead oxide, 5 to 50 mass% of boron oxide relative to 100 mass% of glass components, and, a combined amount of silicon oxide, lead oxide and boron oxide by mass% is 50 mass% or more relative to 100 mass% of the glass components.

Abstract: A method of forming a glass laminate includes providing a substrate having a core layer and at least one cladding layer; heat treating the substrate at a temperature such that the at least one cladding layer is phase-separated after the heat treating; and etch treating the substrate for at least 10 sec. A phase-separated glass laminate includes a substrate having a core layer and at least one phase-separated cladding layer, such that the glass laminate has a % transmission of at least 96%, and the at least one cladding layer comprises a grain size in a range of 10 nm to 1 ?m, or a graded glass index of greater than 5 nm.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a glazing characterized through a high hemispherical light transmission together with an enhanced tuneable light diffusion, what we hereby call a highly transmitting glazing with optimized Hortiscatter. The glazing of the invention is particularly well suitable for a greenhouse.

Abstract: A low-E (low emissivity) coating includes a multilayer overcoat designed for reducing fingerprints. The multilayer overcoat includes a layer comprising an oxide of zirconium (e.g., ZrO2) sandwiched between and contacting first and second layers of or including silicon nitride (e.g., Si3N4, SiOxNy, SiZrOxNy, or the like). The uppermost layer comprising silicon nitride modifies the surface energy of the layer comprising the oxide of zirconium so as to make the uppermost surface of the coating more hydrophilic, thereby reducing or minimizing interaction between zirconium oxide and finger oil to reduce fingerprints on the uppermost surface of the coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemically strengthened glass, satisfying in comparison of an estimated stress profile with an effective stress profile, an absolute value of a difference between tensile stress values at a center in a thickness direction is 30 MPa or smaller, and a value obtained by subtracting, at a depth of 15 ?m from a chemically strengthened surface of the glass, a compressive stress value of the effective stress profile from a compressive stress value of the estimated stress profile is 50 MPa or larger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemically strengthened glass, satisfying: a ratio ICS (?400)/ICS being more than 0.13 in a stress profile, the ICS representing an integrated value of compressive stress in a region from a surface of the glass to a depth where the compressive stress becomes 0 in the stress profile, and the ICS (?400) representing an integrated value of compressive stress in a region from a depth of 400 ?m from the surface of the glass to the depth where the compressive stress becomes 0 in the stress profile.

Abstract: Glass-based articles having sections of different thicknesses where a maximum central tension in a thinner section is less than that of a thicker section. The articles comprise an alkali metal oxide having a independent nonzero concentrations that vary along at least a portion of the thickness of each section. Consumer electronic products may comprise the glass-based articles having sections of different thicknesses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a layered formed sheet comprising two or more formed sheets each formed from a curable composition comprising (A) an aluminosilicate source, (B) an alkaline metal hydroxide, (C) cellulose-based fibers and (D) alkali-resistant fibers other than cellulose-based fibers, in which the aluminosilicate source (A) comprises a blast furnace slag, and the content of a blast furnace slag having a specific surface area of 1000 cm2/g or more and 9000 cm2/g or less is more than 55% by mass and 90% by mass or less related to a total solid content in the curable composition.

Abstract: Cement compositions that can capture carbon dioxide and related methods are generally described.

Abstract: Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

Abstract: Cementitious compositions include: a) 4-80 wt.-%, preferably 26-75 wt.-%, especially 30-66 wt.-% of a cementitious binder, especially of Ordinary Portland Cement, b) 5-95 wt.-%, preferably 20-73 wt.-% more preferably 33-66 wt.-%, of aluminum oxide, and c) 1-15 wt.-% preferably 2-10 wt.-%, more preferably 3-6 wt.-% of fibers. Such cementitious compositions have a very high strength and are used for example for concrete repair or as grouting materials.

Abstract: A neutron beam shielding gypsum-based building board includes gypsum, a boron-containing material containing boron an amount of which is in a range from 1.0 parts by mass to 120 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the gypsum, and a water reducing agent in a range from 0.05 parts by mass to 2.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the gypsum. The boron-containing material includes one or more kinds selected from calcium borate, boron carbide, boric acid, boron oxide, sodium borate, and calcium boride, and a specific gravity in a dry condition is in a range from 0.65 to 1.6.

Abstract: An electro-conductive B4C—TiB2 has a microstructure in which large B4C grains are coated by small TiB2 grains. The composite ceramic includes 10˜30% by volume of TiB2. A method for preparing the electro-conductive B4C—TiB2 composite ceramic includes: (1) weighing B4C, TiC, and amorphous B powder; (2) mixing evenly and drying thoroughly the powders; and (3) loading the mixed powder into a graphite mold; and placing the graphite mold in a spark plasma sintering furnace for sintering under vacuum, where the sintering is performed at 2000° C. and 50 MPa for 5˜20 min.

Abstract: A process for 3D printing Carbon-Carbon Composite precursors and affordably pyrolyzing and graphitizing them to form structural parts suitable for aircraft primary structure (or other applications) at costs competitive with machined metal of fiber-resin parts.