Abstract: A weed cutting apparatus includes a handle coupled to a head at a distal end. The head has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is proximal to the handle and the second end is distal thereto. The second end is formed and sharpened to form a blade with a plurality of tines extending from the blade. Alternatively, a bladed member may be an aftermarket attachment coupled via channels to a medial end of a plurality of tines on a pitchfork. As a result, any weed or object that passes through the plurality of tines is cut by the blade. In some examples, the first end of the head may have other working features, such as grooves or apertures for uprooting the roots of a severed weed.

Abstract: A wheel-mounting assembly for a utility vehicle includes a chassis and a wheel support assembly mounted to respective outboard ends of first and second telescopic axle assemblies. The first and second telescopic axle assemblies are laterally spaced from one another and are each secured to the chassis. The first and second telescopic axle assemblies each include a respective actuator arranged to control extension and retraction thereof for steering and track-width control.

Abstract: An example control system includes a cylinder actuator comprising a cylinder, a piston movable within the cylinder and configured to be coupled to a surface engaging implement, and a chamber within the cylinder configured to receive fluid to apply a fluid force on the piston; a proportional control valve configured to control fluid flow from a source of fluid to the chamber; a position sensor coupled to the cylinder actuator and configured to provide position sensor information indicative of a position of the piston; and a controller having access to a desired surface engagement position for the surface engaging implement, wherein the controller is configured to receive the position sensor information, and send a valve command signal to the proportional control valve to change the fluid force applied to the piston to achieve the desired surface engagement position.

Abstract: A row unit for a seed-planting implement includes a frame, a gauge wheel arm pivotably coupled to the frame, and a gauge wheel rotatably coupled to the gauge wheel arm. Additionally, the row unit includes a wobble bracket configured to engage the gauge wheel arm, a linkage arm coupled to the wobble bracket, and a pivot coupled to the linkage arm and pivotably coupled to the frame. Moreover, the row unit includes an actuator and a threaded shaft. Furthermore, the row unit includes an actuation arm having a first end defining a cavity receiving at least a portion of a stem of the pivot arm such that the first end directly engages the stem and a second end of coupled to the threaded shaft such that the actuation arm transmits rotation of the threaded shaft into linear motion of the linkage arm.

Abstract: One or more information maps are obtained by an agricultural work machine. The one or more information maps map one or more agricultural characteristic values at different geographic locations of a field. An in-situ sensor on the agricultural work machine senses an agricultural characteristic as the agricultural work machine moves through the field. A predictive map generator generates a predictive map that predicts a predictive agricultural characteristic at different locations in the field based on a relationship between the values in the one or more information maps and the agricultural characteristic sensed by the in-situ sensor. The predictive map can be output and used in automated machine control.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus for shifting weight between a tractor and toolbar and between sections of the toolbar and for folding a toolbar between a field position and a transport position.

Abstract: An agricultural implement may include an implement configured to perform an agricultural function and a connector configured to removably couple the implement to a vehicle. The agricultural implement may also include one or more computing devices coupled to the implement and configured to execute instructions to cause the implement system to perform operations. The operations may include automatically direct an adjustment to the performance of the agricultural function of the implement based on data about an electric motor of the vehicle.

Abstract: A row unit for a seed-planting implement includes a frame and a disk opener supported relative to the frame and configured to form a furrow within a field. The row unit further includes a gauge wheel arm supported relative to the frame, and a gauge wheel coupled to the gauge wheel arm. Additionally, the row unit includes a sensor assembly having a rotational sensor, a first sensor arm, and a second sensor arm. A proximal end of the first sensor arm is coupled to the rotational sensor, a proximal end of the second sensor arm is coupled to a distal end of the first sensor arm, and a distal end of the second sensor arm is coupled to the gauge wheel arm. The rotational sensor is configured to generate data indicative of a position of the gauge wheel arm based on movement of the first sensor arm.

Abstract: A system for a row unit of a planting implement can include a frame and a disk opener rotatably coupled to the frame. The disk opener can be configured to form a furrow within a field across which the planting implement is traveling. An actuator can be operably coupled with the disk opener and can be configured to alter a position of the disk opener relative to the frame. A depth sensor can be configured to capture data indicative of a detected furrow depth of the furrow. A computing system can be communicatively coupled to the actuator. The computing system can be configured to receive the data indicative of the detected furrow depth of the furrow and activate the actuator to alter the position of the disk opener relative to the frame based on a deviation of the detected furrow depth of the furrow from a defined furrow depth range.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for controlling an agricultural treatment device (200) in an agricultural field, the method comprising the following steps: (a) receiving by the computing unit (120) soil-related data relating to the sub-field zone (G1), wherein the soil-related data are obtained by real-time measurements using a soil sensor (110) and wherein (G1) which is located within the agricultural field, (b) receiving by the computing unit (120)—from a database (130) and/or from real-time measurements—crop-related data, field-related data, and weather-related data relating to the sub-field zone (G1), (c) determining via a computing unit (120)—based on the soil-related data, crop-related data, field-related data and optionally weather-related data—at least one indicator indicative of the crop protection demand and/or crop nutrition demand relating to the sub-field zone (G1), (d) dynamically generating via the computing unit (120), an output signal (140) dependent from the determined at least one indicator,

Abstract: A self-loading manure spreader is claimed which possesses a scraper blade affixed to the front end of the spreader hopper so that as the front end is lowered the scraper blade scoops manure into the hopper as the spreader is pulled forward across a manure supply. The hopper floor is the carrying surface of a conveyor belt which is loaded as the scraper blade scoops up manure. The loading is further assisted by a continuously looping sweeper blade line which clears the top surface of the scraper blade by pushing or sweeping accumulated manure into the hopper. The manure is conveyed to the rear of the spreader where it is broken up by a clod breaker and then propelled into a deflector to increase the distribution width.

Abstract: A seed-planting implement includes a row cleaner assembly having a row cleaner arm pivotably coupled to a row unit frame of the seed-planting implement. The row cleaner assembly also includes a row cleaner wheel rotatably coupled to the row cleaner arm such that the row cleaner wheel is configured to roll relative to a field. Additionally, the implement includes a computing system configured to receive an input indicative of a depth of the furrow being formed within the field and determine a position of the row cleaner wheel relative to a soil surface of the field based on the received input. In addition, the computing system is configured to control an operation of an actuator configured to adjust a position of the row cleaner arm relative to the frame based on the determined position of the row cleaner wheel relative to the soil surface.

Abstract: A row unit for a seed-planting implement includes a frame, a gauge wheel arm pivotably coupled to the frame, and a gauge wheel rotatably coupled to the gauge wheel arm. Additionally, the row unit includes a wobble bracket configured to engage the gauge wheel arm and a linkage arm coupled to the wobble bracket. Moreover, the row unit includes an actuator, a gearbox coupled to the actuator, and a threaded shaft coupled to the gearbox. In addition, the row unit includes an actuation arm having a first end and a second end opposed to the first end, with the first end forming a hook that directly couples to the linkage arm and the second end coupled to the threaded shaft such that the actuation arm transmits rotation of the threaded shaft into linear motion of the linkage arm.

Abstract: A row unit for a seed-planting implement includes a frame, a gauge wheel arm pivotably coupled to the frame and a gauge wheel rotatably coupled to the gauge wheel arm. Additionally, the row unit includes a wobble bracket configured to engage the gauge wheel arm and a linkage arm coupled to the wobble bracket. Moreover, the row unit includes an actuator, a gearbox coupled to the actuator, and a threaded shaft coupled to the gearbox. In addition, the row unit includes an actuation assembly such that the actuation assembly transmits rotation of the threaded shaft into linear motion of the linkage arm. The actuation assembly includes a hook arm having a first end forming a hook that directly couples to the linkage arm and a second end pivotably coupled to the frame. Furthermore, the actuation assembly includes a collar threadingly coupled to the threaded shaft.

Abstract: A row unit for a seed-planting implement includes a frame, a gauge wheel arm pivotably coupled to the frame and a gauge wheel rotatably coupled to the gauge wheel arm. Additionally, the row unit includes a wobble bracket configured to engage the gauge wheel arm and a linkage arm coupled to the wobble bracket. Moreover, the row unit includes an actuator, a gearbox coupled to the actuator, a threaded shaft coupled to the gearbox, and a handle coupled to the threaded shaft. In addition, the row unit includes an actuation assembly such that the actuation assembly transmits rotation of the threaded shaft into linear motion of the linkage arm. The actuation assembly includes a hook arm having a first end forming a hook that directly couples to the linkage arm. Furthermore, the actuation assembly includes a collar threadingly coupled to the threaded shaft.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an automatic operation system. The automatic operation system includes a lawn mower. The lawn mower may include: a housing; a moving module; a cutting module; an energy module, configured to provide energy for the intelligent lawn mower; an image capturing module, configured to capture image information near the intelligent lawn mower, and control movement and/or operation of the intelligent lawn mower according to the captured image information; and a control module, electrically connected to the moving module, the cutting module, and the image capturing module and configured to control the intelligent lawn mower to move and/or operate within an operation region. The intelligent lawn mower includes at least two operation modes, and the image capturing module has at least two operation positions relative to the housing when the intelligent lawn mower operates in the at least two operation modes.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a mower. The mower includes a body, a working unit, a wheel unit, a platform and a pedal. The working unit is coupled to the body. The wheel unit is mounted on the body and includes a front wheel unit and a rear wheel unit. The platform is mounted on the body and is located on a side of the rear wheel unit away from the front wheel unit. The pedal is in an axial direction of the rear wheel unit and located on a side of the body. Wherein, a height of the pedal to ground is greater than a height of the platform to the ground.

Abstract: A combine harvester for harvesting crop including a header, to cut crop, and a feeder house having an inlet, connected to the header, and an outlet, wherein the feeder house defines an interior and an exterior located outside the feeder house. The combine harvester includes one or more sensor assemblies connected to the feeder house, wherein each of the sensor assemblies provides a relative humidity value or both of a relative humidity value and a temperature value. A controller is operatively connected to the plurality of sensor assemblies, wherein the controller receives the relative humidity value or temperature value from each of the plurality of sensor assemblies. In response to the received relative humidity value or temperature value, the controller identifies a recommended setting for one or more harvester devices, parts, or components, to avoid grain loss and grain breakage resulting from crop moisture conditions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a harvesting system for variety of grain crops. The harvesting system comprises a harvester control unit, a grain loss monitoring GLM-ECU, a cloud communication interface ECU, a plurality of sensors, a controller area network (CAN), a buzzer/alarming device, a display unit, a cloud and a mobile application. The GLM-ECU is configured to process signals from a sieve sensor and a straw walker sensor. The harvester control unit is configured to process signals received from the plurality of sensors and the cloud communication interface ECU serves as an interface to interchange the data between the harvester control unit and the cloud . The harvester system results in increase in productivity and trust among the stake holders by virtue of real-time information sharing.

Abstract: A combine harvester having a cleaning shoe includes a housing, a chaffer having a frame assembly and a plurality of first louvers rotatably mounted to the frame assembly, and a blower comprising a plurality of second louvers. The first louvers are configured to rotate about lateral axes thereof, the lateral axes perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the combine harvester. The second louvers are configured to change a lateral direction of air flow from the blower to the chaffer. Another combine harvester has a plurality of second louvers below first louvers of a chaffer. Each of the second louvers are configured to rotate about an axis perpendicular to the lateral axes of the first louvers of the chaffer. A method of operating a combine includes rotating at least one second louver to change a direction of the air flow in the cleaning shoe before the air flow reaches the chaffer.

Abstract: One or more information maps are obtained by an agricultural work machine. The one or more information maps map one or more agricultural characteristic values at different geographic locations of a field. An in-situ sensor on the agricultural work machine senses an agricultural characteristic as the agricultural work machine moves through the field. A predictive map generator generates a predictive map that predicts a predictive agricultural characteristic at different locations in the field based on a relationship between the values in the one or more information maps and the agricultural characteristic sensed by the in-situ sensor. The predictive map can be output and used in automated machine control.

Abstract: A harvesting header for attachment to a harvesting machine, the header including two or more sub-assemblies each which includes a respective crop gathering mechanism and a respective drive mechanism coupled to operate the crop gathering mechanism. The drive mechanisms for the respective sub-assemblies are operable independently of one another to enable them to run at different speeds when the harvesting machine is performing a turn manoeuver.

Abstract: A garden tool includes a prime mover, a housing, a power source, and a door. The housing defines a power source compartment. The housing also defines a first aperture and a second aperture each in communication with the power source compartment. The power source is configured to provide power to the prime mover. The power source is removably receivable in the power source compartment. The door is configured to move between a closed position in which the first aperture is closed and an open position in which the first aperture is open. The second aperture is configured to provide fluid communication between the power source compartment and an external environment for draining fluid from the power source compartment.

Abstract: An agricultural implement is described comprising a chassis, a rotor mounted thereon that is rotatable about an upright axis and comprises working tools, a hydraulic lifting device for raising the chassis between a work position and a transport position, and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the height of the rotor for the work position. The lifting device is arranged underneath the rotor and is connected to a hydraulic line that is run from top to bottom through the rotor. The adjustment mechanism comprising a tubular actuating element surrounding the hydraulic line or forming sections thereof with at least one axial adjustment thread mutually supporting the rotor and the chassis and an operating device arranged above the rotor for axially turning the actuating element.

Abstract: In a high capacity baling apparatus concurrently formed first formed bales and second formed bales are discharged from respective bale forming regions to a discharge chute arrangement. The disclosed discharge chute arrangement comprises a first bale support surface, a second bale support surface adjacent to the first bale support surface and disposed at an angle to the first bale support surface, an impeller located at a downstream end of the second bale support surface and a displacement apparatus adapted to move between a first position at one side of the first bale support surface and a second position.

Abstract: A multi-rack bracket assembly of a vegetation and drying system includes a first bracket and a second bracket configured to capture and secure a leg assembly of a stand therebetween. The first and second brackets are configured to secure a horizontal support bar and the leg assembly to one another.

Abstract: Weed seeds are destroyed in the chaff from a combine harvester by repeated high speed impacts caused by a rotor which accelerates the discarded seeds in a direction centrifugally away from the rotor onto a stator including angularly adjustable stator surfaces around the axis. Thus the discarded seeds rebound back and forth between the rotor and the stator to provide a plurality of impacts. The destructor is mounted on or coaxially with a suitable drive shaft in the straw stream such as the chopper rotor shaft. The rotor is mounted on bearings relative to the chopper rotor drive shaft and is coupled thereto by a releasable coupling between plates radial to the shaft so that the rotor can be stopped while the chopper rotor continues to operate in the event of a fault in the weed seed destructor.

Abstract: A lopper or lopper head attachment may include a primary gear, a secondary gear, a ratchet gear, an engagement flag, a dampened lag bolt, and a cutting blade. The secondary gear may be enmeshed with the primary gear. The secondary gear may define a lag groove radially offset form the secondary axis. The ratchet gear may be rotatable about a secondary axis separately from the secondary gear. The engagement flag may be rotatably mounted to secondary gear to move between an unengaged position and a engaged position. The dampened lag bolt may be slidably received within the lag groove to move relative to the secondary gear between a permissive position and a restrictive position. The cutting blade may be in mechanical communication with the ratchet gear to be pivoted thereby, in the engaged position of the engagement flag, to a closed position from an open position.

Abstract: A power saw system having an electric power saw in a varying angled engagement to a pole is provided. The pole is extendable to position the power saw elevated for cutting branches and the like. A remote control, actuated by a user, connects electric power to the saw to cause the saw blade to cut. A camera may be included to provide a remote user a view of the saw blade and areas proximal to it.

Abstract: A light device for plant cultivation is disclosed. The light device for plant cultivation includes a light source unit including multiple first light source modules and multiple second light source modules. The multiple first light source modules and the multiple second light source modules may emit light for plant cultivation toward a plant. The multiple first light source modules are arranged at constant intervals. The multiple second light source modules are disposed at least between a pair of first light source modules disposed at both ends of the light source unit.

Abstract: A hydroponic plant production apparatus comprising: a hollow grow tube with a slot formed in the front face of the grow tube, and a matrix media insert composed of two halves, where the media is insertable into the grow tube, allowing plants to be inserted and grown between the two halves of the matrix media insert in the grow tube is provided. Methods for use of a hollow grow tube with a slot formed in the front face of the grow tube, and a matrix media insert composed of two halves, where the media is insertable into the grow tube, allowing plants to be inserted and grown between the two halves of the matrix media insert in the grow tube are also provided.

Abstract: Techniques and systems are used to operate a fully automated vertical greenhouse for low-cost and sustainable production of local produce. The system includes robotic configurations that seed, propagate, transplant, water, and harvest plants, such as leafy greens and herbs, autonomously without direct human intervention. The system may manage and control a process for sprouting seeds, which is the beginning of a plant life cycle and is initiated by first watering. The system may manage and control a process for moving plants from sprouting growing conditions to adult growing conditions, which further include delivery of nutrient rich water to the adult plants. The system may also manage and control a process for gathering and sorting of mature plants (e.g., crops), which may be automatically prepared and sorted for delivery to retail locations.

Abstract: A central-loadbearing greenhouse includes a first column system, a second column system, at least one intermediate column system, a plurality of roof supports, and a transparent solar roof. The first column system and the second column system are diametrically opposed to each other about the intermediate column system. A fixed end for the first column system, the intermediate column system, and the second column system are linearly mounted offset of each other. The plurality of roof supports is linearly extended from the first column system to the second column system. The plurality of roof supports is evenly distributed across an elevated end of the first column system, the intermediate column system, and the second column system. The plurality of roof supports is adjacently mounted onto the first column system, the intermediate column system, and the second column system. The transparent solar roof is mounted to the plurality of roof supports.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the production of plants (1), animals (6), and cryptocurrency mining (27) from the use of waste heat (32), electricity, steam (61), and flammable gas (42) from a geothermal source, crude oil rig (46), a biogas facility (67), or any other source of wasted energy such as an industrial process. The invention further relates to an artificial light moving system (58) used within an enclosed growing environment (1), designed to automatically position (78) artificial lights over the plant canopy.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a mulch film laying robot and a mulch film laying method. The mulch film laying robot comprises a walking mechanism for walking, a mulch film laying mechanism for mulch film laying, a mulch film compaction mechanism for compacting a laid mulch film, and a reconfiguration mechanism for a robot to cross obstacles. The walking mechanism comprises a plurality of pairs of vertical supports, rollers are arranged at the lower ends of the vertical supports, walking rotating motors for driving the rollers are arranged at the bottoms of two pairs of vertical supports at both ends of the walking mechanism, and the vertical supports on the same side are sequentially connected and fixed by transverse connecting rods. The reconfiguration mechanism is arranged between each pair of vertical supports, and the reconfiguration mechanism comprises two reconfiguration arms.

Abstract: The present specification provides a method of preparing a mycelium complex, which includes inputting a ?-glucan-containing mushroom raw material into a medium, inputting a physiologically active material-containing plant raw material into the medium, and culturing the ?-glucan-containing mushroom raw material with the physiologically active material-containing plant raw material, a mycelium complex, and a method of preparing a ?-glucan-containing product.

Abstract: A hybrid grass support structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 710) comprising a growth medium layer (102), a stone wool layer (104) positioned below the growth medium layer, and a plurality of synthetic grass fibers (106). The growth medium layer comprises a growth medium. The synthetic grass fibers are incorporated at least into the growth medium layer.

Abstract: A debris-collecting apparatus includes a mobile frame, an input portion configured to receive incoming air and debris, and a bagging system having a porous bag and a dust skirt surrounding the porous bag.

Abstract: A blower may include an inlet, an outlet, an airflow pipe disposed between the inlet and the outlet, a fan disposed in the airflow pipe, an electric motor disposed in the airflow pipe and configured to drive the fan, a motor housing that is disposed in the airflow pipe and houses the electric motor, and a control unit configured to control the electric motor. The control unit includes a control board configured to control the electric motor and a casing that houses the control board. The airflow pipe may include an exposure hole connecting inside of the airflow pipe to outside of the airflow pipe such that the inside and the outside are in communication in a radial direction. The casing may be attached to the airflow pipe such that at least part of the casing covers an entirety of the exposure hole from outside in the radial direction.

Abstract: A modular system includes a hub and a set of modules removably coupled to the hub. The modules are physically coupled to the frame relative to each other so that each module can operate with respect to a different row of a field. An individual module includes a sensor for capturing field measurement data of individual plants along a row as the modular system moves through the geographic region. An individual module further includes a treatment mechanism for applying a treatment to the individual plants of the row based on the field measurement data before the modular system passes by the individual plants. An individual module further includes a computing device that determines the treatment based on the field measurement data and communicates data to the hub. The hub is communicatively coupled to the modules, so that it may exchange data between the modules and with a remote computing system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for felling sawing using a forest machine. In the method, a felling head is used, which set near to the tree to be felled. In addition, sawing is performed on the tree using a saw device fitted to the felling head. Before sawing, the saw device is set to a selected level relative to the ground surface, which is recorded in the data system belonging to the forest machine. The invention also relates to a system for felling sawing using a forest machine.

Abstract: A log marking device (1) comprising a log marking tool (2) with a striking head (10) provided with adjustable marking members, and a setting unit (3) with setting members for setting the marking members in desired positions or states. The setting unit also comprises: —a housing (30) with a seat (31) for receiving the striking head; —actuators for controlling the movements of the setting members; and—an electronic control unit for controlling the actuators. The striking head (10) is moveable into a setting position, in which the striking head is received in the seat (31) of the setting unit with each marking member in contact with the associated setting member so as to allow the setting unit (3) to set the positions or states of the marking members by operation of the actuators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising super absorbent polymer and a foam. The present invention also relates to a method of making a super absorbent polymeric foam and method for growing seeds, seedlings or plants using said compositions.

Abstract: Hydraulic design method, device and equipment for mobile drip irrigation system are provided. Different distances between drip-lines, a depth of a bottom boundary, a flux of infiltration boundary and soil hydraulic parameters are input into a simulation model, and output parameters of the model including a soil water content at each observation point and an amount of deep percolation loss under the different distances at the same irrigation depth are acquired. An optimal distance between drip-lines is obtained according to an installation cost function, the soil water content at each observation point and the amount of deep percolation loss, and lengths of drip-lines matched with the optimal distance are obtained. Structural parameters of the irrigation system and a designed irrigation depth are obtained to determine working parameters. The irrigation system with the optimal distance and the matched lengths of drip-lines is controlled to irrigate crops based on the working parameters.

Abstract: A system for intelligent irrigation based on moisture-level data acquired from multiple locations. The system includes a processor of an irrigation server connected to a moisture-level sensor and to a water tank control unit over a network; a memory on which are stored machine-readable instructions that when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: acquire a moisture-level data from the moisture-level sensor at a plant location; determine a plant type based on the plant location associated with the moisture-level sensor; process the moisture-level data and the plant type to generate a feature vector; provide the a feature vector to an AI module for generation of an irrigation instruction output; and responsive to the irrigation instruction output received from the AI module, send a command signal to the water tank control unit to turn on a pump for irrigation of the plant location.

Abstract: A tiered, modular agriculture system includes a livestock module at ambient ground level and a second module having a second interior microclimate elevated with respect to the livestock module. The second module receives air from the livestock module by way of a noncorrodible, graduated slope, heat collection duct. Each module has an interior microclimate.

Abstract: The apparatus for providing nutrients to plants in a hydroponic plant growing system contains a nutrient release capsule and a capsule holder. The nutrient release capsule is a sustained release nutrient product comprising a hydroponic plant fertilizer center with a biopolymer outer coating to slow the release of the nutrients into the liquid (e.g., water). The capsule holder consists of a modifiable structure that can exist in multiple configurations to deliver different release dosage behaviors into and in response to the liquid for the hydroponic plant fertilizer.

Abstract: An aquaponics plant production system includes a flow-through chamber including one or more removable plant receptacles extending into the flow-through chamber. Each of the one or more removable plant receptacles is configured to contain one or more plant's roots. The aquaponics plant production system also includes a nutrient-supplementing hydroponic substrate contained within at least one of the one or more removable plant receptacles. The nutrient-supplementing hydroponic substrate is configured to supplement the one or more plant's roots with one or more nutrients. The aquaponics plant production system also includes a pre-filter chamber located upstream of the flow-through chamber, a post-filter chamber located downstream of the flow-through chamber, and a pump configured to direct aquarium wastewater from an aquarium into the pre-filter chamber such that the aquarium wastewater is circulated through the pre-filter chamber, the flow-through chamber, the post-filter chamber and back into the aquarium.

Abstract: A bioreactor includes a first compartment designed to retain seaweed sporophytes, a second compartment in fluid communication with the first compartment that includes one or more settlement surfaces, and a first porous barrier between the first and second compartments that allows the seaweed spores to pass from the first compartment to the second compartment, and systems comprising the bioreactor. Also provided herein are methods of culturing seaweed, for example, using a bioreactor provided herein.

Abstract: Non-transgenic and transgenic plants, preferably crop plants, comprising at least one mutation of the KINTEOCHORE NULL2 (KNL2) protein, especially a mutation causing a substitution of an amino acid within the KNL2 protein, preferably within the C-terminal region of the KNL2 protein, which preferably have the biological activity of a haploid inducer. Further are methods of generating plants and haploid and double haploid plants obtainable by crossing non-transgenic and transgenic plants with wildtype plants as well as methods of facilitating cytoplasm exchange.