Abstract: An oxidation catalyst composite, methods, and systems for the treatment of exhaust gas emissions from a diesel engine are described. More particularly, an oxidation catalyst composite including a first washcoat comprising a zeolite, Pt, and first refractory metal oxide support containing manganese, a second washcoat comprising a second refractory metal oxide support, a Pt component and a Pd component, and a third washcoat comprising palladium and a rare earth oxide component is described.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed includes contacting the hydrocarbon feed with steam in the presence of a cracking catalyst at reaction conditions sufficient to cause at least a portion of hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon feed to undergo one or more cracking reactions to produce a steam catalytic cracking effluent comprising light olefins, light aromatic compounds, or both. The cracking catalyst is hierarchical mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite. The hierarchical mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite is made by providing a starting ZSM-5 zeolite, disintegrating the a portion of the starting ZSM-5 in the presence of a surfactant using sodium hydroxide, and then recrystallizing the zeolite constituents in the presence of the surfactant to produce recrystallized ZSM-5 zeolite. The recrystallized ZSM-5 zeolite is then recovered and calcined to produce the hierarchical mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite.

Abstract: A polycrystalline diamond construction comprising a body of polycrystalline diamond material formed of a mass of diamond grains exhibiting inter-granular bonding, wherein between around 50 wt % to around 99 wt % of the diamond grains in a cross-section of the body of polycrystalline diamond material taken at any orientation have a sectorial growth structure. A method of making the polycrystalline diamond construction is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an antibacterial material includes at least one microparticles selected from tungsten oxide microparticles and tungsten oxide complex microparticles. The microparticles, which have undergone a test to evaluate viable cell count by inoculating in a test piece, to which the microparticles are adhered in a range of 0.02 mg/cm2 or more and 40 mg/cm2 or less, at least one bacterium selected from among Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and storing for 24 hours, have an antibacterial activity value R of 0.1 or more expressed by the following: R=log(B1/C1) where, B1 denotes an average value (number) of viable cell count after storing an untreated test piece for 24 hours, and C1 denotes an average value (number) of viable cell count after storing the test piece on which the microparticles are coated for 24 hours.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a catalytic composite that comprises porous supported catalyst particles durably enmeshed in a porous fibrillated polymer membrane. The supported catalyst particles are composed of at least one metal or metal oxide catalyst dispersed on a porous support substrate. In some embodiments, the porous fibrillated polymer membrane is perforated or otherwise contains mechanically formed holes therein. The supported catalyst particles have a large particle population based, at least in part, a d90 value greater than 100 microns. The catalytic membrane composite may be used in filtration applications to remove air polluting substances such as Sox, NOx, dioxin/furan, CO, and others and convert them into non-polluting or less-polluting gas components. Additionally, the catalytic article may be in the form of a filter bag, a honeycomb, a monolith or any other suitable geometrically structured forms.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing lanthanide doped layered double hydroxides (Ln-doped LDHs). The method includes the steps of preparing a carbonate free alkaline solution; preparing a solution of metal salts comprising a salt of a lanthanide; co-precipitating the alkaline solution and the solution of metal salts to form a mixture and Ln-doped LDH precipitate wherein the pH of the mixture is maintained at a constant value; aging the precipitate; and separating the precipitate from the solution. The alkaline solution is an aqueous ammonia solution. The present disclosure is also related to lanthanide-doped layered double hydroxides (La-doped LDHs) obtainable by such a method, as well as to the use of the lanthanide-doped layered double hydroxides obtainable by such a method.

Abstract: Chromatography resins having anionic exchange-hydrophobic mixed mode ligands and methods of using such resins are provided.

Abstract: Bubble column reactor assembly (100) is provided, the assembly comprising: a reactor vessel (104) comprising a bottom end and a top end; a pre-distributor plate (150) disposed above the bottom end of the reactor vessel (104) to distribute gas in a liquid, the plate comprising a bottom surface facing the bottom end of the reactor vessel (104) and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface. The pre-distributor plate (150) comprises a plurality of perforations (206), each perforation (206) comprising: a duct (170) projecting from the bottom surface of the pre-distributor plate; and a cap (180) enclosing the duct (170) and the perforation (206). The cap (180) comprises a plurality of openings (210). A gas distributor (110) is disposed below the pre-distributor plate (150) to receive gas and inject gas into the liquid prior to distribution of gas and the liquid by the pre-distributor plate (150).

Abstract: A fluid ejection head and a method of detecting the presence of fluid in an ejection chamber. The ejection head includes a semiconductor substrate having an elongate fluid supply via etched therethrough. An array of fluid ejectors is disposed adjacent to the fluid supply via, wherein the elongate fluid supply via provides fluid to the array of fluid ejectors for ejection of fluid from the ejection head. Fluid sense cells for the array of fluid ejectors are disposed at each end of the fluid supply via, wherein each of the fluid sense cells has a fluid ejector, an electrode disposed in a fluid chamber for the fluid ejector, and an electrode disposed in a fluid channel associated with a fluid chamber. A fluid detection circuit is provided in electrical communication with each of the fluid sense cells for detecting the presence or absence of fluid in the fluid chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for receiving a body fluid, wherein the apparatus comprises a first chamber with a displaceable wall and a second chamber of a constant effective size, said second chamber being movable with respect to the displaceable wall, wherein the apparatus is designed to connect the first chamber and the second chamber during a longitudinally axial movement of the second chamber with respect to the displaceable wall and to transfer body fluid from the first chamber to the second chamber during a movement of the second chamber together with the displaceable wall.

Abstract: A microfluidic chip assembly having a plurality of microfluidic flow channels is provided. Each channel has a switching region. The microfluidic chip may further include at least one bubble jet actuator configured to generate a pressure pulse in the switching regions of the channels to selectively deflect particles in the flow. The bubble jet actuator may be configured as a blind chamber, as an operative non-through flow chamber and/or as a self-replenishment chamber. The bubble jet actuator may include a trapped air bubble. The bubble jet actuator may include a plurality of heating elements individually controlled for pre-nucleation warmup and/or for triggering vapor bubble nucleation.

Abstract: A microfluidic device system includes a channel having an entrance and an exit, a height at the entrance being greater than a height at the exit. The height of the channel may decrease continuously from the height at the entrance to the height at the exit. Cells or particles or beads traveling through the channel become trapped based on their size and/or deformability. A visual sensor captures images of the trapped cells or particles or beads, and image software analyzes the captured images to provide size and/or deformability and/or fluorescence information. A method of fabricating such a microfluidic device includes introducing a glass wafer to an etching solution at a specific rate such that a first end of the glass wafer is etched longer than other portions of the glass wafer.

Abstract: The invention having functional vertical disposable reaction systems having a vertically mounted semipermeable membrane for sample preparation, chemical reactions, dialysis, enzymatic/microbiological fermentation, multistage processes, in vitro protein biosynthesis on a laboratory scale, formed from a base body and an exchangeable lid having different functions. For exchange across the membrane, the system is placed vertically into an outer volume consisting of gas, liquid or solid constituents. The system consists of a dimensionally stable base body and a liquid-tight lid having a functional support going toward the base of the base body, the dimensionally stable base body forming at least one noncapillary reaction space as inner volume with at least one semipermeable membrane as lateral wall. The high flexibility in use results from the combination of variants of the base bodies with different lid variants for different areas of use.

Abstract: A lidded vessel assembly comprises a tubular vessel, a lid, and a latching device. The tubular vessel defines a vessel opening and comprises a vessel base, an inner wall, a sealing area and a parking area both defined on the inner wall and both positioned below the vessel opening. The lid comprises a lid base having an inside surface, and a plug projecting from the inside surface of the lid base. The plug is configured to be inserted through the vessel opening to engage the parking area to define a parking position, and configured to be further inserted through the vessel opening out of the parking area to bias against a portion of the sealing area to define a sealing position. The first latching device comprises a first latching element positioned on the inner wall of the vessel, and a second latching element positioned on the outside of the plug.

Abstract: Embodiments include a reaction vessel having a first reaction chamber filled with a first material; a first light absorbing region adhered to an interior-facing surface of the first reaction chamber; a second reaction chamber filled with a second material; a second light absorbing region adhered to an interior-facing surface of the second reaction chamber; a temperature sensor disposed within the second reaction chamber; and one or more energy sources configured to direct light at the first light absorbing region and the second light absorbing region. A processor may be employed to determine a first temperature of the first material from a second temperature of the second material measured by the temperature sensor. Methods of manufacturing such a reaction vessel are also disclosed.

Abstract: Assay cartridges are described that have purification, reaction, and detection zones and other fluidic components which can include sample chambers, waste chambers, conduits, vents, reagent chambers, reconstitution chambers and the like. The assay cartridges are used to conduct multiplexed nucleic acid measurements. Also described are kits including such cartridges, methods of using the same, and a reader configured to analyze an assay conducted using an assay cartridge.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, method, reagents, and kits for conducting assays as well as process for their preparation are described. The apparatuses, systems, method, reagents, and kits may be employed in conducting automated analysis in a multi-well plate assay format.

Abstract: A temperature-controlled component and a method for producing a temperature-controlled component, the temperature-controlled component includes a base body including at least one hollow space, through which a temperature control medium can flow. It is provided that in a first region, a first wall thickness is formed between an inner jacket surface of the hollow space and a jacket surface of the base body, and that in a second region, a second wall thickness is formed between an inner jacket surface of the hollow space and a jacket surface of the base body. The second region is a wear region of the component, and the second wall thickness is larger than the first wall thickness in this wear region.

Abstract: A grinding machine for grinding foodstuffs, such as meat or the like, includes an orifice plate at the outlet of a grinding head. The orifice plate has collection passages that discharge a mixture of soft material and hard material through the orifice plate. A separator assembly is positioned downstream of the orifice plate for separating the soft material from the hard material. The separator assembly includes a separator chamber that receives the mixture of soft material and hard material, in combination with a rotatable separator screw positioned within the separator chamber. Rotation of the separator screw functions to separate the soft material from the hard material. Soft material is discharged through perforations in the separator chamber and hard material is discharged through a discharge of the separator chamber.

Abstract: A material processing device includes a conveyor belt for transporting material from or to a material processing unit. The conveyor belt is swivel connected to a machine body by an articulated link, wherein the conveyor belt can be moved from a folded-down working position into a folded-up transport position by an actuating unit and the articulated link. The articulated link is part of an actuating mechanism which guides a proximal free end of the of the conveyor belt during the swiveling motion from the folded-down working position to the folded-up transport position in such a way that the proximal end of the conveyor belt is swiveled and raised against the direction of gravity.

Abstract: The invention comprises a system for wet screening of oil well proppant at the wellsite to provide a controlled and controllable amount of properly sized and screened proppant and fluid to a frac fluid blending system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a container for centrifugation. The container for centrifugation includes: a main body (100) including a first chamber (110) in which a material to be centrifuged is received, a second chamber (120) in which a suspended material centrifuged from the material in the first chamber (110) is decanted from the first chamber (110) and received and which is positioned on one side of the first chamber (110), and a coupling part (130) formed to surround the first chamber (110) and the outside of the upper end of the second chamber (120); and a cover (200) which covers an upper portion of the main body (100) and forms a fluid communication path (P) of the decanted suspended material between the first chamber (110) and the second chamber (120).

Abstract: A system for analysing drops capable of being ejected by a coating product applicator, includes a light source configured to illuminate a drop ejection zone, designated observation zone; a first image acquisition device configured to acquire an image of the observation zone; and an image analyser configured to determine, from the image of the observation zone, the presence of drops at a given distance from the applicator, the size of the drops and the absence of satellite; the light source and the first image acquisition device being situated on a same side of the observation zone.

Abstract: A nozzle device applied to a high-pressure cleaning machine is provided, including: a nozzle, including a nozzle casing, where a water outlet channel is provided in the nozzle casing, and a front end of the nozzle casing is provided with at least one liquid discharge port connecting with the water outlet channel; and an exhaust valve, connected to the nozzle casing, and including: a valve seat, provided with a valve cavity; and a valve core, movably arranged in the valve cavity; where the valve seat is provided with an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole, the water outlet channel and a main exhaust passage are arranged in parallel in the nozzle casing, and the valve core is movable relative to the valve cavity to a closed position for blocking the main exhaust passage and an open position for opening the main exhaust passage.

Abstract: This disclosure presents several options for spraying paint on large elevated surfaces. In a first example, a lift is equipped with sensors to move a painter along the wall in a serpentine pattern while maintaining a constant separation distance and orientation to facilitate spraying of the wall. In a second example, a spray stamp frame is positioned on the wall in a plurality of different positions to spray discrete portions of the wall by a slide bar that moves along the spray stamp frame at each position. In a third example, one or more cables are strung between vertical supports along the wall and a spray module is moved along or by the cables to spray the horizontal stripe, and this process is repeated to spray a plurality of horizontal stripes at different elevations to spray the wall.

Abstract: Disclosed within are various methods for adjusting height and rotation of a spray gun used in a line striper via a graphical user interface (GUI) in a control device.

Abstract: A self-cleaning filter apparatus includes a filter unit and a plunger unit. The filter unit includes a screen device; and a filter unit housing that houses the screen device. The plunger unit includes a rod end housing coupled to the filter unit housing; a plunger rod with a first plunger rod end positioned within the rod end housing and a second plunger rod end within the filter unit housing; and a plunger assembly secured to the second plunger rod end. During a first filter cleaning event segment, the plunger rod is configured to translate between a nominal position in which the plunger assembly is proximate the first screen device end and a cleaning position in which the plunger assembly is proximate the second screen device end. The plunger rod is configured to dislodge, at least in part, debris from within the screen device during at least the first filter cleaning event segment.

Abstract: An improved nozzle assembly for use with a sprinkler body. The nozzle assembly has a nozzle body having a nozzle insert bore and defining a fluid flow path through the nozzle assembly. A nozzle insert is positioned in the nozzle body and retained within the nozzle assembly. The nozzle insert is rotatable between operating positions. In some embodiments, a spring biased detent and detent notches index the nozzle insert at one of a series of operating positions. The nozzle insert is rotatable between the series of operational positions including the IN (or insertion) position, the RUN position, the OFF position, the FLUSH position, and the LINE FLUSH position. In an alternate embodiments the nozzle insert has detents on a circumference of the nozzle insert. A magnet is positioned in or attached to the nozzle insert. A second magnet is positioned in or attached to the body of the nozzle assembly. The detents are configured to align with detent notches in a faceplate of the nozzle assembly body.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for automatically adjusting the composition of a spray chamber matrix gas flow coordinated with an analysis of a particular chemical element or groups of elements. A system can include a spray chamber configured to be coupled to an analytical system, the spray chamber having a nebulizer gas port configured to receive a nebulizer gas; and an inlet for receiving a gas from at least one gas source. The system also includes a controller operably coupled to the spray chamber, the controller configured to adjust a gas flow rate of the gas from the at least one gas source in coordination with analysis of a particular chemical element by the analytical system.

Abstract: A mix chamber for a plural component sprayer is configured to receive first and second component materials and emit a spray of a resulting plural component material. The mix chamber includes a chamber body extending between a first end and a second end and including flat lateral sides. A ramp feature is disposed proximate the first end and is configured to contact and push first and second side seals, respectively, away from a body axis as the mix chamber shifts in a first direction through a cartridge bore to increase a gap between the first side seal and the second side seal such that the first side seal engages the first flat lateral side and the second side seal engages the second flat lateral side.

Abstract: A common head for use in combination with a cartridge assembly, the cartridge assembly being retained within the material containment unit of a dispensing device and arranged to discharge reactive components from larger and smaller cartridges in response to actuation of the dispensing device. The common head includes inlet openings and a rigid walled tube having a partition positioned therein to define larger and smaller pathways to enable passage of the reactive components from the cartridges into and though the common head in a predetermined volumetric ratio and prevent backflow of the components which can lead to unintended curing prior to dispensing. A flexible liner arranged for positioning within one or both pathways of the rigid walled tube is also provided to prevent such backflow and unintended curing prior to dispensing.

Abstract: A coating device for supplying a liquid to a substrate, particularly in the form of an optionally printed web, foil, strip or sheet, comprises a reservoir for holding a quantity of liquid. A coating assembly is provided which is able and configured to take liquid from the reservoir and transfer it to the substrate. A supply delivers the liquid into the reservoir during operation. The supply is controllable and is able to lead a constant liquid flow into the reservoir. The reservoir is provided with a level detector capable and configured to detect a liquid level in the reservoir. Provided between the level detector tools and the coating assembly is a control which controls the coating assembly during operation on the basis of a detection (LS) of the liquid level in the reservoir in order to maintain the liquid level at a fixed value.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an applicator for applying a coating agent (e.g. sealant) to a component (e.g. motor vehicle body component), having a nozzle for dispensing the coating agent and an elongate nozzle carrier which supports the nozzle. The invention provides that the nozzle carrier has a yield region in which the nozzle carrier is substantially less bend-resistant than in the remainder of the nozzle carrier in order to be able to yield elastically to contact forces in the event of contact between the applicator and the component to be coated.

Abstract: A method of depositing an extrudable substance onto a surface. The method comprises the step of delivering the extrudable substance from a cartridge to a flow-bypass assembly. The method further comprises the step of selectively controlling the flow-bypass assembly to purge air from the extrudable substance before the extrudable substance enters a delivery tube. The method further comprises the step of selectively controlling the flow-bypass assembly to deliver the extrudable substance from the flow-bypass assembly to a valve assembly via the delivery tube. The method further comprises the step of controlling flow of the extrudable substance from the valve assembly to a nozzle.

Abstract: A window includes a base substrate including a planar portion and a curved portion surrounding at least a part of the planar portion, a front cover layer disposed on the base substrate, a flat cover layer overlapping the planar portion and disposed on the base substrate, and a bending cover layer overlapping the curved portion and disposed on the base substrate. The front cover layer and the bending cover layer each include an inorganic material.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for producing a multicoat paint system by producing a basecoat or a plurality of directly successive basecoats directly on a substrate coated with a first coat, producing a clearcoat directly on the one or the topmost of the plurality of basecoats, and subsequently jointly curing the one or the plurality of basecoats and the clearcoat. At least one of the basecoat materials is admixed, directly before application, either with an aqueous dispersion (D1) including a polyamide (PA) having an acid number of 15 to 60 mg KOH/g or with an aqueous dispersion (D2) including a polyamide (PA) and an amide wax (AW).

Abstract: The invention relates to a cast and adjacent casts on a shaft for providing a shaft assembly for a disc screen. A cast which is placeable on a shaft for a disc screen comprises a screening element part with an integral sleeve part. The shaft assembly for a disc screen comprises casts placed on the shaft, each cast comprising a screening element part and an integral sleeve part, the casts being placed against each other so that abutting screening element parts of two adjacent casts constitute a screening element, and abutting sleeve parts of two adjacent casts constitute a sleeve element on the shaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (1) for sorting powder particles into ranges of particles according to one or more of a density, size and/or shape of the particles, wherein the device (1) comprises a particle sorting chamber (2) with at least one sloping side wall (3), which side wall (3) slopes from a lower part (4) of the sorting chamber (2) towards an upper part (5) thereof, wherein the lower part (4) of the sorting chamber (2) is larger dimensioned than the upper part (5), wherein at the upper part (5) of the particle sorting chamber (2) an inlet (6) is provided for supplying a flow of the powder particles to be sorted to the sorting chamber (2), wherein a particle outlet (7) is provided in the upper part (5) of the sorting chamber (2) for conducting sorted particles from the sorting chamber (2) through a duct (8) to at least one particle sedimentation classifier (9), wherein in the lower part (4) of the sorting chamber (2) means (11) are provided for generating an upward rotating gas flow in th

Abstract: An inspection system is configured for use with a conveyer apparatus including carrier bars. Each carrier bar conveys pellet-shaped articles along a predetermined path. The inspection system includes at least one camera unit for sensing a predetermined characteristic of the pellet-shaped articles, a removal unit, and a controller. The removal unit, downstream from the at least one camera unit, removes selected pellet-shaped article(s) from the carrier bar(s) depending on whether the characteristic is sensed by the at least one camera unit. The controller is in communication with the at least one camera unit and the removal unit. The controller provides a signal to the removal unit in accordance with the sensed characteristic. The removal unit includes a rotatable ejection drum having extended vacuum nozzles along its length, equal to the number of articles conveyed in each carrier bar. Each vacuum nozzle selectively removes article(s) from the carrier bar(s) by suction.

Abstract: Particles are sterilized by application of a sterilizing agent such as UV light while singulated by forming them into a stream in at least one duct carried on a body rotating around an axis where the duct is shaped so that the particles are accelerated to cause the particles separated into the duct to be aligned one after another in a row in the duct. The parameter of the particles are measured in the aligned stream one after the other and the particles are directed into one of a plurality of paths as determined by the measurement. In one arrangement the body comprises a disk member having a front face facing a supply conduit and the duct lies in a radial plane of the disk member. In one arrangement the measurement of the parameter is carried out by one or more measurement devices either carried on the disk or outside the edge of the disk.

Abstract: An automated object sorting system is provided. In various embodiments, the automated object sorting system includes an automated object extraction assembly and an automated object collection assembly. The automated object extraction assembly extracts one or more objects from an object sorting tray based on one or more attributes and/or traits of interest. The automated collection assembly selectively deposits the extracted objects in selected collection receptacles according to the particular attributes and/or traits of each respective object.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a cooking range exhaust system includes, in response to receipt of a start signal at a control box of a cooking range exhaust cleaning system to initiate a cleaning operation, causing a cleaning solution comprising a mixture of detergent and water having a ratio based on a target mixing ratio to be provided to a supply line, and causing an electronically-controlled valve to open to facilitate provision of the cleaning solution to a nozzle coupled to the electronically-controlled valve via a conduit for a predetermined period of time, wherein the nozzle is arranged to spray a zone of the cooking range exhaust system.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a nozzle for dispensing a treatment liquid in which plasma is generated. The nozzle includes a body having an interior space, a liquid supply unit that supplies the treatment liquid into the interior space, and electrodes that generate the plasma in the interior space. The liquid supply unit supplies the treatment liquid in a bubbling state into the interior space, or causes the treatment liquid to bubble in the interior space.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a substrate processing apparatus and a substrate processing method. The substrate processing apparatus includes a substrate support unit configured to support a substrate, a liquid supply unit configured to supply a liquid containing any one of a chemical liquid and a cleaning liquid to the substrate supported by the substrate support unit, a processing container configured to accommodate the substrate support unit and recover the liquid supplied to the substrate from the liquid supply unit, and a capture module provided in the processing container to capture the liquid so as to suppress the liquid scattered from the substrate from being bounced back from the processing container and re-scattering.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for processing a substrate. The apparatus for processing a substrate includes a base portion configured to provide a rotational force in a circumferential direction; a holding module located on the base portion and configured to hold the substrate; a nozzle module located above the base portion and configured to jet a chemical liquid onto the substrate on the holding module; and a scattering prevention module located on the base portion at a peripheral portion of the holding module and configured to, when the chemical liquid is scattered after being jetted onto the substrate, guide the scattered chemical liquid to be discharged, wherein the scattering prevention module guides the scattered chemical liquid with a variable movement caused by the rotational force.

Abstract: A urinal and pipe cleaning composition and automated dispensing system and method. The composition preferably comprises urea hydrochloride, a thickener, optionally one or more surfactants, and optionally fragrance. Preferably, the surfactants comprise cocamidopropyl betaine and one or more ethoxylated alcohols. The composition preferably has a viscosity allowing it to be dispensed from an automated dispenser and to coat the surfaces to be cleaned to allow sufficient contact time to dissolve accumulated salts and remove stains. A predetermined dose of the composition is dispensed at predetermined time intervals. Different dose amounts and time intervals may be used depending on the level of usage of the urinal, the amount of salt scale, and level of staining.

Abstract: A substrate processing technique including a process of forming a liquid film on an upper surface of a substrate and excellently solidifying the liquid film is provided. A substrate processing method includes an atmosphere control step of supplying a drying gas to a front surface of a substrate on which a pattern has been formed and to which a liquid has adhered and making a dry atmosphere around the front surface of the substrate, a to-be-solidified liquid supplying step of supplying a to-be-solidified liquid to the front surface of the substrate, and a solidification step of forming a solidified mass by solidifying a liquid film of the to-be-solidified liquid. The atmosphere control step is started before the liquid film of the to-be-solidified liquid supplied to the front surface of the substrate in the to-be-solidified liquid supplying step is formed.

Abstract: A heatable high pressure cleaning appliance is provided with an undercarriage and a housing lower part, arranged on the undercarriage, in which a motor and a pump driven by the motor for pressurizing water are arranged, and with a fuel-operated heat exchanger for heating the water and a fuel tank for storing liquid fuel for the heat exchanger. In order to further develop the heatable high pressure cleaning appliance in such a way that it has a high mechanical stability and is producible in a cost-effective manner, it is proposed that the fuel tank is configured as a one-piece plastic hollow body, which forms the housing lower part and is held on a rigid support frame, wherein the support frame forms a shock protector that at least partially surrounds the fuel tank in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A tool that removes a scale inside a pipe includes: a laser tool including a laser head to output a laser beam, and a robotic arm that is articulated and that is connected to the laser head. The robotic arm includes segments that are connected by flexible robotic arm joints to enable movement of the laser head in six degrees of freedom, and a control system to control the robotic arm to direct output of the laser beam. The tool also includes a drilling shaft attached to the robotic arm of the laser tool.