Abstract: Earpiece-less glasses including an interchangeable left eye frame, an interchangeable right eye frame and a nose piece connecting the left eye frame to the right eye frame. The left eye frame and the right eye frame each provide eye lens pockets configured to hold and snuggly fit a respective first eye lens in the respective pockets. The left eye frame and the right eye frame each provide an opening to the pockets so that the first lenses can be replaced with second lenses. A magnification strength of the first lenses may be different from the magnification strength of the second lenses.

Abstract: A frame for spectacles includes a front mount with respective lateral lugs provided for articulation of respective arms producing an articulated connection of each arm to the front mount. Each lug includes a hinge pin extending between a pair of surfaces of the lug axially opposite each other in a hinge axis direction. Each arm includes a first arm portion extending as a second arm portion with a lesser longitudinal extent with respect to the first arm portion. The second arm portion is bent on the first portion in a position facing it, the pin is interposed between the first arm portion and second arm portion in order to produce a hinge connection. The second arm portion having a convex portion directed towards the first arm portion, which at least partially surrounds the pin so that relative positioning is maintained between the arm and pin during rotation of the arm.

Abstract: A spectacle lens for at least one eye of a user, a method for producing a spectacle lens, and a computer program product having executable instructions for performing the method for producing the spectacle lens are disclosed. The spectacle lens has a permanent marking which is or contains a diffractive structure, wherein a diffractive pattern generated by illumination of the diffractive structure is configured to be invisible upon a first kind of illumination and configured to be visible only upon a second kind of illumination. The permanent markings on the spectacle lens are, on one hand, invisible to the user or to a spectator looking at the user wearing the spectacle lens without utilizing specially selected optical aids but, on the other hand, enables continued control of the spectacle lens in front of the eye of the user by an optician or a specifically designated optical sensor.

Abstract: An SLM includes a modulation unit and a driving circuit. The modulation unit includes a plurality of pixels, and modulates a phase or an intensity of incident light in each pixel according to an amplitude of a drive signal changing periodically with time. The driving circuit provides the drive signal to the modulation unit. The driving circuit performs control such that a phase of the drive signal V1(t) provided to a first pixel group in the plurality of pixels and a phase of the drive signal V2(t) provided to a second pixel group in the plurality of pixels are mutually inverted.

Abstract: An information processing device includes a controller configured to acquire a detected value of a sensor that detects presence or absence of a person within a predetermined range outside one or more openings that is formed in a wall surface of a first building, each of the one or more openings using light control glass, the wall surface facing outside, and control transmittance of the light control glass based on the detected value of the sensor. A building includes one or more opening that is formed in at least a wall surface that faces outside, the opening using light control glass; a sensor that detects presence or absence of a person within a predetermined range outside the one or more openings; and a control device that controls transmittance of the light control glass based on a detected value of the sensor.

Abstract: A reconfigurable polarization rotator is formed of an array of very small liquid crystal (LC) cells (e.g., cells of less than 10 ?m in width, termed “microcells”), referred to hereinafter as “microcells”. Each LC microcell is addressable by a separate electrical voltage input that independently controls the polarization rotation performed by the associated LC microcell. By defining a set of adjacent microcells to be held at the same voltage level, that group may be used to form a polarization rotator window of a proper size for a first fiber array configuration. When a fiber array of a different configuration (say, an array with twice the pitch) is used, a different-sized group of adjacent LC microcells is held at a common voltage level so as to form a reconfigured “window” of a new dimension.

Abstract: Embodiments provide for an optical modulator, comprising: a lower guide, comprising: a lower hub, made of monocrystalline silicon; and a lower ridge, made of monocrystalline silicon that extends in a first direction from the lower hub; an upper guide, including: an upper hub; and an upper ridge, made of monocrystalline silicon that extends in a second direction, opposite of the first direction, from the upper hub and is aligned with the lower ridge; and a gate oxide layer separating the lower ridge from the upper ridge and defining a waveguide region with the lower guide and the upper guide.

Abstract: Performance improvement of an all-optical analog-to-digital converter (AOADC) addresses both RF and optical modeling of a leaky waveguide based optical spatial light modulator (SLM) using electro-optic (E-O) material. The E-O polymer provides improved sensitivity for SLM and achieves a broader bandwidth due to better velocity matching between RF and optical waves.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device which can be used in a variety of situations and applications. The liquid crystal display device comprises: a first substrate comprising a first display region, a second display region, and a third display region wherein the first display region, the second display region, and the third display region are continuously formed; a second substrate having a form which fits the first substrate; and a liquid crystal interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The second display region is interposed between the first display region and the second display region. The second display region is curved, and the first display region and the second display region are substantially flat.

Abstract: Provided is a method for determining a light-leakage degree of a display panel, applicable to a light-leakage detecting device, wherein a display region of the display panel comprises a plurality of sub-regions, and the method includes: acquiring a brightness value of each of the sub-regions when a target color is displayed in the display region; and determining, in response to detecting that the plurality of sub-regions comprise at least one light-leakage sub-region, the light-leakage degree of the display panel based on an average of brightness values of the plurality of sub-regions and a brightness value of the light-leakage sub-region.

Abstract: An optical element which can be utilized in various versions and implementations of switchable light filters having, in addition, polarization filters and/or other means for varying the polarization characteristics of light, for example, liquid crystal layers. A combination of switchable light filter and imaging display device makes possible a private viewing effect that can be switched on and off. The optical element comprises a first layer or a first layer and a plurality of further layers, each layer including a material with a plurality of light-absorbing transition dipole moments. At least in a first state, each transition dipole moment is oriented, with a tolerance of 10° at the maximum, parallel to a selectable preferential direction or fluctuates around it so that light which is incident in the optical element is transmitted or at least partially absorbed depending on its incident direction.

Abstract: A display system includes: a transmissive liquid crystal display panel; a scattering panel having a scattering area provided with a scattering portion; a temperature detector having a temperature detection area provided with a resistor element; a light source configured to emit projection light to the liquid crystal display panel; and a controller configured to control operations of the scattering panel and the light source based on an output of the temperature detector corresponding to a temperature of the resistor element. A display area of the liquid crystal display panel, the scattering area, and the temperature detection area overlap one another. The projection light that has passed through the display area and the scattering area is projected onto a light-transmitting projection target. When an output indicating that the temperature of the resistor element is a predetermined temperature or higher is acquired, the controller causes the scattering portion to scatter light.

Abstract: A display device including a display panel having a first side including a display area configured to emit light and a second side opposite to the first side, a sensor having a first surface facing the display panel, a first adhesive layer disposed between the first surface of the sensor and the display panel, and a second adhesive layer disposed on a side surface of the sensor, in which the second adhesive layer and the first adhesive layer contact each other.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a first substrate, a second substrate bonded to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, a third substrate provided on an opposite side of the first substrate from the liquid crystal layer, and a frame configured to house the first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate. The frame includes a facing surface facing, via an adhesive layer, a first surface on an opposite side of the third substrate from the liquid crystal layer. The third substrate is larger than the first substrate. The frame and only the third substrate among the first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate are bonded to each other.

Abstract: A dual side view display includes a waveguide with an inside transparent layer and an outside transparent layer spaced apart from and parallel to the inside transparent layer, and a plurality of inside view liquid crystal (LC) pixels and a plurality of outside view LC pixels disposed within the waveguide. The plurality of outside view LC pixels are disposed within the waveguide parallel to and in-plane with the plurality of inside view LC pixels. The plurality of inside LC pixels includes a plurality of outside blocking layers configured to block light scattered in the plurality of inside view LC pixels from propagating through the outside transparent layer. Also, the plurality of outside view LC pixels includes a plurality of inside blocking layers configured to block light scattered in the plurality of outside view LC pixels from propagating through the inside transparent layer.

Abstract: A display module includes a display unit for image displaying and provided with a light-emitting side, the display module further includes an outer encapsulation layer provided on the light-emitting side of the display unit, and is provided to cover at least an edge of the display unit; the outer encapsulation layer is made of self-healing glass material; and a traction assembly including a first connection piece and a second connection piece with magnetic adsorption, the display unit is provided with a splicing portion for splicing the display modules, the first connection piece and the second connection piece are provided in the splicing portion; the first connection piece and the second connection piece are used for providing the outer encapsulation layers of the two spliced display modules with required fusion force when the display modules are spliced.

Abstract: A touch panel and a display device are disclosed. The touch panel includes a first area and a second area, and further includes: a plurality of first electrodes located in the first area and a plurality of second electrodes located in the second area. An arrangement density of the first electrodes is greater than an arrangement density of the plurality of second electrodes.

Abstract: A touch display panel and a display device utilize one thin film transistor is configured for one touch wiring. The thin film transistor is turned on during the lighting test and a corresponding electrical signal is input, which can change the floating state of the touch wiring. The coupling effect between the touch wiring and a data line can be reduced or eliminated, which reduces interference with a data signal, so that bright-line phenomenon caused by the floating touch wiring interfering with the data line during the lighting test can be improved or eliminated.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a temperature control method thereof are provided by the present application; the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display module and a control module, the control module is connected to the liquid crystal display module; the control module includes a temperature detection unit, a temperature adjustment unit, and a control unit. A temperature a part of the liquid crystal display module located in a display area and a temperature of a part of the liquid crystal display module located in the non-display area can be independently controlled in the present application, so that these two areas can quickly reach a target temperature threshold according to their own temperatures, so as to prevent a temperature of entire the liquid crystal display module from being too high or too low.

Abstract: A picture generation apparatus includes: a PCB on which one or more light sources are disposed; an LCD projecting an image using light that is emitted from the one or more light sources; a diffuser disposed between the PCB and the LCD; and a screen configured to be in contact with at least a portion of the LCD and discharge heat generated from the LCD.

Abstract: A display module, a method of manufacturing the same, and a display device are provided. The display module comprises: a light guide plate; a blue light source, disposed at the light entering face of the light guide plate; and a display panel, disposed at a side of the light exiting face of the light guide plate, the display panel comprises a plurality of display units, and adjacent display units are spaced apart with a light shielding barrier wall; each display unit comprises a quantum dot unit and a liquid crystal unit arranged side by side, and the liquid crystal unit and the quantum dot unit are spaced apart with a transparent barrier wall; a side of the liquid crystal unit away from the light guide plate is provided with a first light shielding pattern.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display device and an electronic equipment. The display device includes: a display module, the display module having a light emitting side; a phase retarder, the phase retarder is disposed on the light emitting side of the display module; wherein a range of a compensation value of the phase retarder is [?/16, ?/4), (?/4, 7?/16], [9?/16, 3?/4) or (3?/4, 15?/16], where ? is a wavelength of light emitted by the display module.

Abstract: Optical film stacks are described. More particularly, optical film stacks including a half-wave retardation layer are described. Achromatic half-wave retardation layers, including achromatic half-wave layers formed from a quarter-wave and a three-quarters-wave retardation layer, are described. Film stacks including reflective polarizers tuned to reduce wavelength dispersion of the half-wave retardation layer are also described.

Abstract: A polarizing device and a method for manufacturing the polarizing device, a display panel and a display device are provided. The polarizing device comprises a first polarizing layer and at least two second polarizing layers, wherein each of two sides of the first polarizing layer is provided with respective at least one of the second polarizing layers; a light transmission axis of the first polarizing layer is parallel to the first polarizing layer, a phase delay axis of the second polarizing layer is parallel to the second polarizing layer, an orthographic projection of the light transmission axis onto the first polarizing layer intersects with an orthographic projection of the phase delay axis onto the first polarizing layer to form an included angle, the included angle is configured to convert linear polarized light incident on the polarization assembly into polarized light emitted from the polarization assembly.

Abstract: An optical film for a back light unit that includes an array of light emitting diodes. The optical film includes a substrate, and a plurality of regions of spatially modulated microstructures on at least one side of the substrate. The spatially modulated microstructures have different sizes and/or shapes configured to create a gradient structure within each region. The gradient structure within each region is constructed and arranged to cause more spreading of light when positioned directly above an individual light emitting diode and less spreading of light at locations not directly above an individual light emitting diode. Within the back light unit, the gradient structure converts light beams emitted by the respective light emitting diode at different angles into a more uniform and higher on-axis luminance upon exiting the back light unit.

Abstract: A backlight module includes three light emitting elements, an inverse prism sheet and a light guide assembly. The light guide assembly is disposed opposite to the inverse prism sheet and includes three light guide plates. A first surface of the first light guide plate opposite to the inverse prism sheet has a first sunken eye structure having a first long axis extending along a reference direction. A second surface of the second light guide plate opposite to the inverse prism sheet has a second sunken eye structure having a second long axis. A third surface of the third light guide plate opposite to the inverse prism sheet has a third sunken eye structure having a third long axis. Orthographic projections of the second long axis and the third long axis on the first surface are inclined towards two opposite sides of the reference direction.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a substrate, a conductive layer, first and second reflective layers, a light emitting element, and an encapsulation layer. The conductive layer is disposed on the substrate. The first reflective layer covers the conductive layer and has an opening exposing a portion of the conductive layer. The light emitting element is disposed in the opening and electrically connects to the conductive layer. The second reflective layer is disposed on the first reflective layer and surrounds the light emitting element. The second reflective layer has an outer diameter. A top surface of the second reflective layer is lower than a top surface of the light emitting element. The encapsulation layer covers the light emitting element. There is a height between a highest point of the encapsulation layer and an upper surface of the first reflective layer. The encapsulating layer is directly contact with the outer diameter.

Abstract: A display device according to the disclosure comprises: a liquid crystal panel having a front surface configured to display an image; and a light source plate disposed at the rear of the liquid crystal panel configured to provide light to the liquid crystal panel, wherein the light source plate comprises: a printed circuit board having a mounting surface; an LED chip directly mounted on the mounting surface as a chip on board (COB); a transparent resin disposed on the LED chip to encompass the LED chip; a light conversion layer configured to convert the wavelength of light emitted from the LED chip and encompassing the outer peripheral surface of the transparent resin; and a barrier layer covering the light conversion layer from the outside.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes a light source, a color conversion sheet disposed above the light source for converting a color of light emitted from the light source, and at least one optical film is disposed over the color conversion sheet. The one optical film has a base film, a first pattern layer including first patterns on one surface of the base film, and a second pattern layer disposed on the other surface of the base film and including second patterns different from the first patterns.

Abstract: A display for an information handling system includes a display panel, a semi-integrated guide panel, an integrated rear cover, and an optical cable. The semi-integrated guide panel is coupled to a back surface of the display panel. The integrated rear cover is in physical communication with the semi-integrated guide panel. The optical cable is in physical communication with and located in between the semi-integrated guide panel and the integrated rear cover. The optical cable provides one of a plurality of colors based on a determined condition.

Abstract: Liquid ink compositions containing quantum dots for optoelectronic display applications are provided. Also provided are solid films formed by drying the ink compositions, optical elements incorporating the solid films, display devices incorporating the optical elements, and methods of forming the solid films, optical elements, and the devices. Liquid ink compositions and solid films made by drying the liquid ink compositions include one or more blue light-absorbing materials in combination with red light-emitting QDs or green light-emitting QDs.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a liquid crystal display panel and a display device. The panel comprises a first and second polarizers, a liquid crystal layer, a first and second optical compensation films. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the opposite first and second polarizers; the first optical compensation film is located between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal layer, and an optical axis of the first optical compensation film is parallel to a plane where the first optical compensation film is in; and the second optical compensation film is located between the first and second polarizers, an optical axis of the second optical compensation film is parallel to a plane where the second optical compensation film is in and perpendicular to the optical axis of the first optical compensation film, and in-plane retardations of the first and second optical compensation films are equal.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, A display device includes a first substrate includes an inorganic insulating film, a first wiring formed above the inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film located above the inorganic insulating film and the first wiring, and a driver electrically connected to the first wiring, a second substrate opposing the first substrate, and a sealant fixing the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the sealant comprises a first seal portion formed along a first edge of the first substrate and a second seal portion which crosses the first seal portion, and the first seal portion has a first width, and the second seal portion has a second width, the first width being greater than the second width.

Abstract: In some implementations, a liquid crystal on silicon panel includes a backplane with an electrical contact formed on the backplane, a first alignment layer disposed on the backplane and interfacing with the electrical contact, a conductive layer that is light transmissive, a second alignment layer disposed on the conductive layer, and a plurality of beads in an electrically-conductive adhesive between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer. Electrically-conductive particles within the electrically-conductive adhesive may make the electrically-conductive adhesive electrically-conductive. A first set of the electrically-conductive particles may puncture the first alignment layer to contact the electrical contact, and a second set of the electrically-conductive particles may puncture the second alignment layer to contact the conductive layer. An electrical connection of the electrical contact and the conductive layer may be via a plurality of the electrically-conductive particles.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided. In the display panel, a plurality of main spacers and a plurality of auxiliary spacers are disposed on a side of a first substrate close to a second substrate, the second substrate further includes a plurality of first lug bosses and a plurality of second lug bosses; an orthographic projection of the main spacers on the second substrate is at least partially overlapped with an orthographic projection of a corresponding first lug boss on the second substrate; an orthographic projection of the auxiliary spacers on the second substrate is away from an orthographic projection of a corresponding second lug boss on the second substrate by a preset distance; and the distance between each of the auxiliary spacers and the corresponding second lug boss is less than a height of the first lug bosses.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element includes a first substrate, a second substrate arranged to face the first substrate, a first pixel electrode corresponding to a first pixel region arranged on the first substrate on the second substrate side, a second pixel electrode corresponding to a second pixel region arranged on the first substrate on the second substrate side, a common electrode arranged on the first substrate side of the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between a group of the first and second pixel electrodes and the common electrode, where the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are provided on different layers on the first substrate, and their ends are arranged so as to partially overlap each other in a plan view.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device comprises image signal lines, scanning signal lines, pixels, a display area, pixel electrodes, and common electrodes. The common electrodes are configured to detect an object and to display an image in the display area. The common electrodes include first and second common electrodes which are arranged in a first direction. A first slit is provided between the first and second common electrodes. The first and second common electrodes are supplied a signal different from each other. A second slit is provided in the first common electrode. Each of the first slit and the second slit overlaps one of the image signal lines and extends in an extension direction in which the image signal line extends.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided. The display panel includes an array substrate, a color filter substrate disposed opposite to the array substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the color filter substrate and the array substrate. Through applying voltages at different partitions on a side of a color filter substrate, liquid crystal molecules have different deflection angles at different voltage parts, which can arrange the liquid crystal molecules in multiple directions on a vertical plane, ensuring high aperture ratio, and improving display viewing angles of the display device while increasing alignment domains.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, a common electrode is formed on an organic passivation film, an interlayer insulating film is formed on the common electrode, a pixel electrode with a slit is formed on the interlayer insulating film, and a through hole is formed in the organic passivation film and the interlayer insulating film, so that the pixel electrode is connected to a source electrode of a TFT through the through hole. Further, the taper angle around the upper base of the through hole is smaller than the taper angle around the lower base. Thus, the alignment film material can easily flow into the through hole when the diameter of the through hole is reduced to connect the pixel and source electrodes, preventing display defects such as uneven brightness due to the absence of the alignment film or due to the alignment film irregularity around the through hole.

Abstract: A display portion of a display device includes a gate wiring formed of a first metal layer, a signal line formed of a second metal layer, a metal wiring formed of a third metal layer. A terminal portion of the display device includes a first metal portion formed of the second metal layer, and a second metal portion that is laminated on the first metal portion and formed of the third metal layer. The second metal portion covers an upper surface and a side surface of the first metal portion, and a peripheral portion of the second metal portion is covered by an organic insulating film, and the inside of the peripheral portion of the second metal portion is exposed via a first through hole formed in the organic insulating film.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display substrate and a display device. The display substrate includes a base substrate, and a transistor, an anti-static wire, a first anti-static resistor and a first ground bonding pad on the base substrate, wherein a first terminal of the first anti-static resistor is electrically connected to a first end of the anti-static wire, a second terminal of the first anti-static resistor is electrically connected to the first ground bonding pad, and the first anti-static resistor is at a different layer from a layer at which the anti-static wire is located and a layer at which the first ground bonding pad is located, and is at a same layer as an active layer of the resistor.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate, a driving element, a first transparent conductive layer, an insulating layer, and a second transparent conductive layer. The driving element is disposed on the substrate and includes a drain electrode having a first edge. The first transparent conductive layer is disposed on the driving element. The insulating layer is disposed between the driving element and the first transparent conductive layer and includes a hole through which the first transparent conductive layer is electrically connected to the driving element. The second transparent conductive layer is disposed on the insulating layer. One of the first and second transparent conductive layers includes at least one slit, and the first or second transparent conductive layer that includes the at least one slit has a second edge. The second edge is located in the hole, and the at least one slit exposes the first edge of the drain electrode.

Abstract: Provided are a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes multiple data lines and multiple scanning lines. The multiple data lines intersect with the multiple scanning lines to define multiple pixel units arranged in an array, and the data lines are insulated from the scanning lines; and pixel electrodes of pixel units that are among the multiple pixel units and in at least portion of the array include multiple first branch electrodes arranged in parallel; along a direction of the multiple scanning lines, each of the multiple first branch electrodes includes multiple first branch electrode segments connected sequentially; and an included angle between two adjacently connected first branch electrode segments of the multiple first branch electrode segments is less than 180°.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a semiconductor layer, a first insulating layer, a gate electrode, a second insulating layer and a plurality of transparent conductive layers. The transparent conductive layers include a pixel electrode, a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer. The pixel electrode is in contact with the second conductive layer. The second conductive layer is in contact with the first conductive layer. The first conductive layer is brought into contact with a second region of the semiconductor layer through a first contact hole.

Abstract: A display device includes a liquid crystal layer between a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate includes a wiring line and a pixel electrode. The liquid crystal layer includes a stripe-shaped polymer extending in a first direction and a liquid crystal molecule. The liquid crystal layer includes a first polymer in an area overlapping the wiring line and a second polymer in an area overlapping the pixel electrode. The first polymer includes a first portion extending in a direction different from the first direction. The second polymer includes a second portion extending in a direction different from the first direction. A density of the first portion is higher than a density of the second portion.

Abstract: A dual-gate array substrate includes: a plurality of gate lines arranged in a first direction and each extended in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction; a plurality of primary signal lines and secondary signal lines arranged alternately in the second direction and extended in the first direction; and a plurality of pixel units. The primary signal lines are connected to a drive unit, and connected respectively to the pixel units that are adjacent thereto. Common electrodes include a plurality of main electrodes and a plurality of branching electrodes. An orthographic projection of the main electrode on the dual-gate array substrate does not overlap with those of corresponding ones, adjacent to the main electrode, of the pixel electrodes and at least covers the primary signal line. Each gate line includes a protrusion protruded in the first direction.

Abstract: Provided are a reflective sheet including a cholesteric liquid crystal layer and having excellent reflection wavelength range, diffuse reflectivity, reflectivity, hardness, and scratch resistance; and a transfer film for a reflective sheet that is used for the reflective sheet. The reflective sheet includes a substrate, an adhesive layer, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, and a hard coat layer in this order, in which in a cross-section of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer observed, at least a part of bright portions and dark portions has a flapping structure, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer has a pitch gradient structure in which a helical pitch changes in a thickness direction, and the helical pitch on the adhesive layer side is larger than that on the hard coat layer side.

Abstract: An electro-optic element includes a first electroactive film including a first electroactive component sequestered adjacent to a first electrically conductive layer and a second electroactive film including a second electroactive component sequestered adjacent to a second electrically conductive layer. At least one of the first electroactive film and the second electroactive film is capable of reversibly attenuating transmittance of light having a wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range. The first electroactive component can include a first oxidation state and at least a second oxidation state. An amount of the first electroactive component relative to the second electroactive component can be configured to limit formation of the second oxidation state of the first electroactive component.

Abstract: An electrochemical device is disclosed. The electrochemical device includes a first transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic layer overlying the first transparent conductive layer, a counter electrode layer overlying the electrochromic layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a switching speed parameter of not greater than 0.68 s/mm at 23° C.

Abstract: Embodiments described include bus bars for electrochromic or other optical state changing devices. The bus bars are configured to color match and/or provide minimal optical contrast with their surrounding environment in the optical device. Such bus bars may be transparent bus bars.