Abstract: The present disclosure is in the field of an electrophoretic device for switching between a transparent and non-transparent mode, comprising a fluid and particles, electrodes for moving said particles, and comprising various further elements, as well as uses thereof, in particular as a window blind.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer overlapping the first conductive layer, a first capacitive portion located in a same layer as the first conductive layer, a second capacitive portion located in a same layer as the second conductive layer and overlapping the first capacitive portion, a first inorganic insulating film located between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and between the first capacitive portion and the second capacitive portion, a drain electrode electrically connected to the second capacitive portion, a pixel electrode electrically connected to the drain electrode.

Abstract: An electronic paper package structure including a substrate, an electronic ink layer, a cover plate, at least one water vapor barrier and a sealant is provided. The electronic ink layer is disposed on the substrate. The cover plate covers the electronic ink layer, wherein the electronic ink layer is located between the substrate and the cover plate, and a groove is defined by a lower surface of the cover plate, a side surface of the electronic ink layer and an upper surface of the substrate. The at least one water vapor barrier is disposed in the groove. The sealant is filled into the groove to cover the at least one water vapor barrier.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a light modulator comprising transparent substrates, or a transparent substrate and a reflective or partially reflective substrate, multiple electrodes being applied to the substrates in a pattern across the substrate. A controller may apply an electric potential to the electrodes to obtain an electro-magnetic field between the electrodes providing electrophoretic movement of the particles towards or from an electrode.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed for providing a serializer and/or a deserializer with redundancy using optical modulators. An example system includes an MZM structure that comprises a first waveguide interferometer arm structure and a second waveguide interferometer arm structure. The first waveguide interferometer arm structure comprises a first segmented electrode associated with at least a first electrode and a second electrode. The second waveguide interferometer arm structure comprises a second segmented electrode associated with at least a third electrode and a fourth electrode. The MZM structure is configured to convert an optical input signal into an optical output signal through application of a digital data signal to the first electrode and the third electrode, and application of a redundant digital data signal to the second electrode and the fourth electrode.

Abstract: An acousto-optic deflector includes an optical element having a surface with one or more steps formed thereon; a conductive layer formed on the surface with the steps; one or more crystals secured to each step; and electrodes positioned on each surface of each crystal.

Abstract: A method may comprise: generating an optical frequency comb; applying a filter in a first configuration to the generated optical frequency comb to select a first frequency of the optical frequency comb, wherein, in the first configuration, the first frequency aligns with a first pass-band of the filter, and a second frequency of the optical frequency comb does not align with a second pass-band of the filter; altering the filter to a second configuration to shift the first pass-band and the second pass-band to a shifted first pass-band and a shifted second pass-band; and applying the altered filter to the generated optical frequency comb to select the second frequency of the optical frequency comb, wherein the second frequency aligns with the shifted second pass-band of the filter, and the first frequency of the optical frequency comb does not align with the shifted first pass-band of the filter.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a straight waveguide phase change all-photonic Boolean logic device and a full binary logic implementation method thereof, including a ridge- shape straight waveguide structure, two phase change functional units near the two ends and a Bragg grating between two phase change functional units. The phase change functional units and Bragg grating are situated on the ridge of the waveguide. The write and read optic pulses have different wavelengths. The Bragg grating are designed to reflect the write optical pulse and transmit the read pulse, so that write pulses input from the two ends only act on the phase change functional unit closest to that end, and read pulse can go through the whole device from input end to output end. In terms of the logic implementation method, with three-step write operation, 16 full Boolean logic functions can be implemented in this device.

Abstract: A system and method to convert a wideband optical signal to a multi-bit digital electrical signal using a superconducting integrated circuit. In a preferred embodiment, the optical signal modulates the phase (i.e., adjusts the timing) of a sequence of single-flux-quantum voltage pulses. The optoelectronic modulator may comprise an optically tunable Josephson junction, superconducting inductor, or bolometric detector, with switching speeds approaching 100 ps or less. The optical signal may comprise a plurality of optical signals such as a wavelength-division multiplexed signal. The optical-to-digital converter may be applied to high-speed digital communication switches, broadband digital input/output for superconducting or quantum computing, and control/readout of detector arrays.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fill light device, a method for controlling a fill light device, and a computer readable storage medium. The fill light device includes a flash light; and a light guide, the light guide being located on a light-exiting side of the flash light and being configured to be controlled to change a shape and/or a light-transmitting area to change a light-exiting area and/or a light-emitting angle of the fill light device. The method includes obtaining a control parameter of the light guide; and changing a shape and/or a light-transmitting area of the light guide according to the control parameter to change a light-exiting area and/or a light-emitting angle of the fill light device.

Abstract: Provided are a camera module, a molded photosensitive assembly and a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronic device. The molded photosensitive assembly is assembled with at least one optical lenses to form a camera module. The molded photosensitive assembly includes an imaging assembly, a molded base, and a filter member. The molded base includes a first molded portion and a second molded portion. The first molded portion embeds a part of the imaging assembly. The second molded portion is integrally formed on a first upper surface of the first molded portion, and the second molded portion has a second upper surface and a second outer side surface. A filter member is attached to the second upper surface of the second molded portion, and corresponds to a photosensitive path of the imaging assembly.

Abstract: There are provided a cam follower of which the amount of elastic deformation can be appropriately restricted with simple configuration and which can be easily manufactured and a lens barrel. A cam follower (100) includes a hollow cam follower body (110) of which a distal end is open, a first slit (130) that is cut toward a proximal end from the distal end of the cam follower body (110), and a second slit (140) that is cut toward an inner peripheral portion from an outer peripheral portion of the cam follower body (110) in a direction orthogonal to an axis. Protruding portions (150) are provided on both inner wall surfaces of the first slit (130) at a distal end portion of the first slit. The protruding portions (150) restrict deformation of the cam follower body (110) equal to or larger than a defined amount of deformation in a radial direction.

Abstract: A system for signaling an overload of a foam mattress, including a foam mattress having a plurality of conductive inserts located near a bottom surface and a contact pad positioned below the bottom surface of the mattress. The system may generate an overload alarm signal as a function of receiving one or more signal outputs from the sensor over a period of time. The system may also generate an overload alarm signal as a function of receiving a plurality of individual signal outputs from a plurality of one or more conductive inserts located within a predetermined area of the sensor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for camera mounts. A camera mount may be capable of floating in liquid. A camera mount may include a base mounted to an inflatable; a floating mount, wherein the floating mount is configured to be attachable to a camera; and a pivotable connection that connects the base to the floating mount. The pivotable connection may be configured to float. A camera mount may include a mount or connection for mounting to an inflatable.

Abstract: A holder base part for securing at least one camera housing to a vehicle part of a vehicle, a camera housing and a camera system are described. The holder base part has a retaining element with a securing portion, by which the retaining element is secured to the vehicle part, and which has a retaining portion by which the retaining element is separably connected to a connection element on the side of the at least one camera housing by a sliding movement along a notional connection axis. The retaining portion contributes to defining an insertion region into which the housing-side connection element is inserted for separable connection to the retaining element. The retaining element has a holder-locking element which interacts with a housing-locking element on the side of the camera housing to lock a connection between the retaining element and the connection element. The holder-locking element is arranged in the insertion region.

Abstract: In an electronic apparatus, a display at least partially has flexibility, includes a plurality of display portions, and includes a bending portion at each of boundaries of the display portions. An electronic apparatus includes, near each bending portion, a hinge portion that relatively rotatably couples two display portions and is configured to be bendable at each bending portion as a start point in response to rotation of each hinge portion. A main body coupling member rotatably couples the display to the main body portion. The display is able to transition to an accommodated state in which the display overlaps at a position that is different from the grip portion inside an outer shape of the main body portion and an unfolded state in which the plurality of display portions are unfolded in a parallel and same direction.

Abstract: A handle mechanism includes a front grip and a rear grip, wherein the rear grip is hinged with the front grip, and the rear grip is provided with a mounting assembly for mounting the rear grip on a side of an external photographic device. The front grip and the rear grip can be rotated and fitted together so as to be used as a handle of the external photographic device. The handle mechanism serves as a desktop support, and the front grip and the rear grip can b e rotated and unfolded to form a V-shaped support to support the external photographic device. The handle mechanism may be configured as a handle and a support. Compared with a handle and a support that are independent, the handle mechanism is more convenient to carry and use, and has a lower use cost.

Abstract: A display system includes a display module, a projection component, and a projection bearing component. The projection component is disposed with respect to a display side defined by a second liquid crystal panel. The projection bearing component is disposed with respect to a side of the projection component away from the display module. The projection component is configured to project a display image of the second liquid crystal panel onto the projection bearing component.

Abstract: A projection system, comprising a light modulation device, a light source system and a light offset device. The light source system is used for emitting one or more illumination sub-beams. The light modulation device is used for modulating illumination light according to image data to form image light, the image light being used for displaying an image corresponding to the image data. The light offset device is used for transferring one illumination sub-beam to each zone of a micro-mirror unit by means of a time sequence such that the micro-mirror unit modulates the illumination sub-beam by means of a time sequence to form image light of a pixel corresponding to each zone, wherein each zone corresponds to one pixel of an image.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a first light source that emits first light belonging to a first wavelength band, a second light source that emits second light belonging to a second wavelength band, a wavelength converter that contains a phosphor and converts the first light into third light belonging to a third wavelength band different from the first, a first heat dissipation member that includes a plurality of first fins and dissipates heat generated by the first light source, a second heat dissipation member that includes a plurality of second fins and dissipates heat generated by the second light source, and a first direction wherein first channels, specified by the gaps between the first fins and along which a refrigerant is supplied, extend coincides with a second direction wherein second channels, specified by the gaps between the second fins and along which the refrigerant is supplied, extend.

Abstract: A light source system and a projection apparatus are provided. The light source system includes a first light source, a second light source including a second blue laser light source, a wavelength conversion element configured to convert second blue laser light into excited light, and a controller. The first light source includes a first blue laser light source configured to emit first blue laser light, a red laser light source configured to emit red laser light, and a green laser light source configured to emit green laser light. The controller controls the first and second blue laser light sources, the red laser light source, and the green laser light source to combine the first blue laser light, the red laser light, and the green laser light to form light source light, or to combine the first blue laser light and the excited light to form the light source light.

Abstract: A laser projection apparatus includes a main control circuit, a diffusion wheel driving circuit and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the main control circuit, and configured to detect an ambient temperature. The main control circuit is configured to: determine a target starting current according to the ambient temperature; determine a duty cycle of a second startup pulse width modulation signal according to the target starting current, and provide the second startup pulse width modulation signal to the diffusion wheel driving circuit; and output an operating pulse width modulation signal to the diffusion wheel driving circuit when the diffusion wheel reaches a target rotation speed. The target starting current is a minimum drive current required to drive the motor from standstill to starting to rotate. The target rotation speed is a preset speed at which the diffusion wheel operates normally and speckles are eliminated.

Abstract: A projection screen and a processing method therefor, wherein the projection screen comprises, in sequence from the incident side of projection light, a diffusion layer, a microlens array and a substrate. The inner side of the substrate is provided with a Fresnel microstructure, and part of the surface of the Fresnel microstructure is provided with a reflecting layer while the remaining part of the surface is a light absorbing layer. The microlens array is used for focusing the projection light on the reflecting layer. The reflecting layer is used for reflecting projection light back to the field of view of viewers. Ambient light is mostly absorbed by the light absorbing layer. The settings of the structure and dimension of the microlens array enable the projection light to be only incident onto the reflecting layer of the Fresnel microstructure and the ambient light to be mostly absorbed by the light absorbing layer.

Abstract: A total reflection screen comprises a light diffusion layer, a total reflection layer and a light absorption layer arranged sequentially from an incidence side of the projected light. The light absorption layer can absorb an incident light. The light diffusion layer is used for increasing a divergence angle of emergent light. The total reflection layer comprises a plurality of microstructure units that is rotationally symmetrical and extends continuously in a plane of the total reflection screen. Each of the microstructure units comprises a first material layer disposed at the side of the light diffusion layer and a second material layer disposed at the side of the light absorption layer. The interface between the first material layer and the second material layer is comprised of two intersecting planes, which are disposed in such a way that the projected light is subjected to total reflection continuously at the two intersecting planes.

Abstract: An optical system of the disclosure includes: a fluorescent unit that includes a phosphor region excited by a first color light beam to output fluorescent light including at least one color light beam, and outputs the first color light beam in a first period and outputs the fluorescent light in a second period; one or two light valves illuminated by at least one of the first color light beam or the fluorescent light; and a region division element including first and second regions and disposed on an optical path between the fluorescent unit and the one or two light valves, the first region outputting the first color light beam and the fluorescent light from the fluorescent unit to be able to reach the one or two light valves, the second region outputting the fluorescent light from the fluorescent unit to be able to reach the one or two light valves.

Abstract: A lens control device, comprising a first stepping motor that drives a zoom lens contained in the photographing lens, a second stepping motor that drives a focus lens contained in the photographing lens, and a processor that controls the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor, whereby, within a given section in which the zoom lens and the focus lens are driven, there is a period in which at least one of the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor is driven at a constant rate, and the processor makes a time, required to move the specified section with a specified number of pulses, a specified time.

Abstract: An image capture method for flash photography includes: capturing at least one first image while a strobe device is operating under a first strobe intensity setting for emitting main flash, capturing at least one second image while the strobe device is operating under a second strobe intensity setting different from the first strobe intensity setting, and generating an output image by blending the at least one first image and the at least one second image.

Abstract: There is provided a reflective photomask blank and a reflective photomask having good irradiation resistance and capable of obtaining good transfer performance. A reflective photomask blank (10) contains a reflective layer (2) reflecting incident light and an absorption layer (4) absorbing incident light, which are formed in this order on one surface side of a substrate (1). The absorption layer (4) contains a first material selected from the group consisting of tin, indium, and tellurium and a second material containing one or two or more kinds of materials selected from the group consisting of transition metals, bismuth (Bi), and silicon (Si) at least in the outermost layer. The content of the second material is more than 20 at and less than 50 at % in the same laver.

Abstract: A reflective mask includes a reflective multilayer over a substrate, a capping layer over the reflective multilayer, an absorber layer over the capping layer and including a top surface, and a protection layer directly on the top surface of the absorber layer. The absorber layer is formed of a first material and the protection layer is formed of a second material that is less easily to be oxidized than the first material.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a photo mask, a resist layer is formed over a mask blank, which includes a mask substrate, a phase shift layer disposed on the mask substrate and a light blocking layer disposed on the phase shift layer. A resist pattern is formed by using a lithographic operation. The light blocking layer is patterned by using the resist pattern as an etching mask. The phase shift layer is patterned by using the patterned light blocking layer as an etching mask. A border region of the mask substrate is covered with an etching hard cover, while a pattern region of the mask substrate is opened. The patterned light blocking layer in the pattern region is patterned through the opening of the etching hard cover. A photo-etching operation is performed on the pattern region to remove residues of the light blocking layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mask defect repair apparatus that is capable of performing defect repair with high accuracy without exposure of a mask to air while being moved between the mask defect repair apparatus and an inspection device. The mask defect repair apparatus emits charged particle beams with an amount of irradiation therewith which is corrected by a correction unit while supplying gas to a defect of the mask, thereby forming a deposition film.

Abstract: Proposed is a photoresist composition for a KrF light source, which exhibits a vertical profile compared to conventional KrF positive photoresists by adding a resin capable of increasing transmittance in order to form a semiconductor pattern, particularly a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition for improving a pattern profile, which includes, based on the total weight of the composition, 5 to 60 wt % of a polymer resin, 0.1 to 10 wt % of a transmittance-increasing resin additive represented by Chemical Formula 1, 0.05 to 10 wt % of a photoacid generator, 0.01 to 5 wt % of an acid diffusion inhibitor, and the remainder of a solvent, thus making it possible to provide a composition exhibiting a vertical profile, enhanced sensitivity and a superior processing margin compared to conventional positive photoresists.

Abstract: Alternating copolymers having hydrocarbon-substituted terminal units and repeat units each containing two different monomer units with extreme ultraviolet (EUV)-absorbing elements are disclosed. Alternating copolymers having organic terminal units and repeat units each containing a monomer unit with an EUV-absorbing element and an organic monomer unit are also disclosed. A process of forming a polymer resist, which includes providing an alternating copolymer having repeat units with at least one EUV-absorbing monomer unit and replacing end groups of the alternating copolymer with unreactive terminal units, is disclosed as well.

Abstract: Example implementations described herein include a laser source and associated methods of operation that can balance or reduce uneven beam profile problem and even improve plasma heating efficiency to enhance conversion efficiency and intensity for extreme ultraviolet radiation generation. The laser source described herein generates an auxiliary laser beam to augment a pre-pulse laser beam and/or a main-pulse laser beam, such that uneven beam profiles may be corrected and/or compensated. This may improve an intensity of the laser source and also improve an energy distribution from the laser source to a droplet of a target material, effective to increase an overall operating efficiency of the laser source.

Abstract: A device for measuring reference points in real time during lithographic printing includes a light source providing an exposure beam; a light modulator modulating the exposure beam according to an exposure pattern; a measurement system configured to measure a position of a number of alignment marks previously arranged on a substrate; and an exposure optical system comprising a control unit. The exposure optical system delivers the modulated exposure beam as an image provided by the light modulator onto the substrate. The exposure system control unit is configured to calculate the orientation of the substrate based on the position of the alignment marks and control the delivering of the modulated exposure beam relative to the calculated orientation of the substrate.

Abstract: A projection exposure method for exposing a radiation-sensitive substrate with at least one image of a pattern of a mask is provided in which an illumination field of the mask is illuminated by illumination radiation with an operating wavelength ? that was provided by an illumination system.

Abstract: A verification device for verifying a design file for digital lithography comprises a memory and a controller. The memory comprises the design file. The controller is configured to access the design file and apply one or more compliance rules to the design file to determine compliance of the design file. The compliance rules comprises at least one of detecting non-orthogonal edges within the design file, detecting non-compliant overlapping structures within the design file, and detecting a non-compliant interaction between a reference layer of the design file and a target layer of the design file. The controller is further configured to verify the design file in response to a comparison of a number of non-orthogonal edges, non-compliant overlapping structures and non-compliant interactions to a threshold.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of metrology comprising using measurement illumination to measure a target, said measurement illumination comprising a plurality of illumination conditions. The method comprises performing a first measurement capture with a first subset of said plurality of illumination conditions, e.g., each comprising a positive weighting, to obtain a first parameter value and performing a second measurement capture with a second subset of said plurality of illumination conditions, e.g., each comprising a negative weighting, to obtain a second parameter value. An optimized parameter value is determined as a weighted combination of at least the first parameter value and the second parameter value.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a condition associated with a pellicle for use in a lithographic apparatus, the apparatus including a sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to measure a property associated with the pellicle, the property being indicative of the pellicle condition.

Abstract: A developing cartridge includes a casing, a developer-carrying member, a supply member, a developing electrode, a supply electrode, and an insulating member. The casing is configured to accommodate therein developer. The developer-carrying member is configured to rotate about a rotational axis and carry the developer thereon. The supply member is configured to supply the developer to the developer-carrying member. The developing electrode is configured to be electrically connected to the developer-carrying member. The supply electrode is configured to be electrically connected to the supply member. The insulating member insulates the developing electrode and the supply electrode with each other. The developing electrode, the insulating member, and the supply electrode are overlapped in this order in an axial direction of the rotational axis.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a developing roller which is not prone to scumming in a nonprinting area. The solution is to provide a developing roller which has an elastic layer, a coat layer formed on the elastic layer, and end portion coat layers formed on outermost surfaces on two axial end portions, wherein the end portion coat layer contains a conductive material.

Abstract: A development device includes a development container, a first conveying member, a second conveying member, a toner concentration sensor, and a developer carrier. The first and second conveying members are equal to each other in outer diameter and shaft diameter, the outer diameter being 1.3 times the shaft diameter or more but 1.6 times the shaft diameter or less. Where L represents an axial length of the first conveying member, K represents a distance of a center position of the sensing surface of the toner concentration sensor from a downstream end of a first conveying chamber of the development container in the first direction, P represents a pitch of the conveying blade of the first conveying member, and R represents a rotational speed of the first conveying member, formula (1) is satisfied: 30000<(P×R×L)/K<45000 (1).

Abstract: A development device includes a development container, a first conveying member, a second conveying member, a toner concentration sensor, and a developer carrier. The toner concentration sensor is arranged at a wall portion of the first conveying chamber in which the first conveying member is arranged. The first and second conveying members are equal to each other in outer diameter and shaft diameter, the outer diameter being 2.3 times the shaft diameter or more but 3.0 times the shaft diameter or less. Where D represents the shaft diameter of the first conveying member, L represents an axial length of the first conveying member, and K represents a distance of a center position of a sensing surface of the toner concentration sensor from a downstream end of the first conveying chamber in the first direction, formula (1) is satisfied: 500<(L2×K)/D4<2500 (1).

Abstract: A toner conveyance device includes a vertical conveyance portion, a horizontal conveyance portion, a conveyance member, and a loosening member. The vertical conveyance portion conveys a toner or developer conveyed therein through an entry port connected to a main-body-side conveyance path by causing the toner or developer to fall vertically. The horizontal conveyance portion is connected to a lower end of the vertical conveyance portion and conveys the toner or developer in a horizontal direction by using the conveyance member. the loosening member is arranged at a first position below a connection portion between the main-body-side conveyance path and the entry port and at a second position protruding upward beyond the connection portion. A toner loosening mode is executable in which the toner or developer is fed into the vertical conveyance portion so as to cause the loosening member to reciprocate at the second position.

Abstract: An electrophotographic belt having a layered structure with excellent scratch resistance and excellent adhesion of layers to each other. The electrophotographic belt includes a first layer and a second layer directly covering any one of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the first layer, the first layer containing a first polyester resin, and the second layer containing a second polyester resin and an acrylic resin that contains a carboxy group in its molecule.

Abstract: In an image forming device, a first fixing member has a roller. A second fixing member has a belt to form a nip together with the first fixing member. A pressure modifying mechanism modifies a nip pressure at the nip to selected one of a first nip pressure and a second nip pressure smaller than the first nip pressure. A controller drives the first motor to drive the roller and fixes the developer image on a sheet in a state that the nip pressure is the first nip pressure. The controller modifies the nip pressure from the first nip pressure to the second nip pressure while driving the first motor in a case where a final sheet among one or more sheets fixed according to a print job has passed the nip, and halts the first motor after the nip pressure is modified to the second nip pressure.

Abstract: Printing apparatuses include a photoreceptor adapted to print an image by applying marking material to print media, a fuser adapted to heat the marking material on the print media, and a controller. The controller determines the amount of marking material per unit area of the image before the fuser heats the marking material on the print media. The controller rasterizes the image to produce a bitmap of the image, but the amount of marking material per unit area for the image is determined before completion of rasterization and marking of the image. The controller also adjusts the operating temperature of the fuser to a fusing temperature based on the amount of marking material per unit area of the image, causes the photoreceptor to print the image on the print media using the bitmap of the image, and causes the fuser to fuse the marking material to the print media.

Abstract: A heating device includes a planar heater, a rotator, a pressure rotator, a heating device frame, a resistor, and a discharger. The pressure rotator has a conductive outer surface and presses the rotator. The heating device frame holds the pressure rotator. The discharger is in contact with the conductive outer surface of the pressure rotator and grounded via the resistor and the heating device frame.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a tubular member extending in an axial direction, a heater, and a support. The heater has a first surface in contact with an inner surface of the tubular member. The first surface faces in a first thickness direction. The heater includes a substrate. The substrate includes a cut section at which the substrate is disconnected from a base material. The cut section is positioned at an end portion of the substrate in a first lateral direction. The substrate extends longitudinally along the axial direction. The support is in contact with the inner surface of the tubular member. The support includes a projection longitudinally overlapping at least a portion of the cut section and a low section longitudinally offset from the projection. The projection extends further in the first thickness direction than the low section and the first surface.

Abstract: In an example, a printing apparatus may include, a rotatable shaft, a removable drum mounted on the shaft and a fixing element to fixedly couple the removable drum to the shaft, so that the removable drum is to rotate with the shaft. The printing apparatus may also include a heater, a printing apparatus satellite component located adjacent to the removable drum and engageable with the removable drum and a controller. The controller may be to receive a command to prepare the removable drum for removal; and in response, control the shaft to rotate the removable drum; control the heater to heat the removable drum while it rotates; and control the printing apparatus to engage the satellite component of the printing apparatus with the removable drum while it rotates.