Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to the present disclosure includes: a liquid crystal layer; a drive substrate including a light-shielding region and a transmissive region; a plurality of pixel electrodes that is transmissive and provided at a position corresponding to the transmissive region on the drive substrate; a counter substrate disposed to be opposed to the drive substrate with the plurality of pixel electrodes and the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween; a first layer provided between the counter substrate and the liquid crystal layer and including a material having a first refractive index; and a second layer that is provided in at least a portion of a region corresponding to the light-shielding region in the first layer, includes a material having a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index, and has a rectangular cross-sectional shape in a thickness direction.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided. The display panel includes a light-filtering layer, a color film substrate, a driving substrate, and a reflecting layer. The reflecting layer, the driving substrate, the light-filtering layer, and the color film substrate are stacked in sequence. The light-filtering layer includes a black matrix with multiple second openings, and each of the multiple second openings is filled with one light-filtering sub-pixel. The reflecting layer defines multiple first openings, and each of the multiple first openings is aligned with one second opening.

Abstract: Provided are a light source module and a backlight display module. The light source module includes a flexible printed circuit board and a plurality of side-emitting LEDs. The flexible printed circuit board extends along a central axis. The plurality of side-emitting LEDs are sequentially arranged along the central axis and bonded to the flexible printed circuit board, and a light-emitting surface of one side-emitting LED of the plurality of side-emitting LEDs is perpendicular to a bonding surface of the flexible printed circuit board.

Abstract: A backlight includes a substrate, a plurality of light sources, a light guide plate, and a plurality of rectangular reflectors including rounded corners. The plurality of light sources are proximate the substrate. The light guide plate is proximate the plurality of light sources. The plurality of rectangular reflectors including rounded corners are in a plane parallel to the light guide plate and each reflector corresponds to a light source.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device having high luminance and high CR in a front direction and especially useful as a head-mounted liquid crystal display device, for example. The liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel; an optical element; and a backlight, arranged in this order from a viewing surface side. The optical element includes a first polarizer, a retardation layer, and a second polarizer. The first polarizer, the retardation layer, and the second polarizer are arranged in this order from the viewing surface side. The first polarizer and the second polarizer are reflection polarizers. A reflection axis of the first polarizer and a reflection axis of the second polarizer are parallel to each other. In oblique directions at azimuths of 0°, 45°, and 90° at a polar angle of 60°, a polarization state of light incident on the first polarizer is elliptical polarization.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided. The display panel includes a first base substrate; a second base substrate opposite to the first base substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the first and second base substrates; a first alignment film at a side of the first base substrate facing the liquid crystal layer; a second alignment film at a side of the second base substrate facing the liquid crystal layer; a polarizer at a side of the first base substrate away from the liquid crystal layer; and a quarter-wave plate between the polarizer and the first base substrate. An angle between a center line of an included angle between the first alignment direction of the first alignment film and the second alignment direction of the second alignment film and a slow axis of the quarter-wave plate is in a range from 75 to 105 degrees.

Abstract: An optical device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a optical device includes a liquid crystal element having a top surface, a bottom surface, and sides separating the top surface and the bottom surface, and an outer layer surrounding the sides of the liquid crystal element, wherein the liquid crystal element comprises a first base layer, a second base layer, a liquid crystal layer positioned between the first base layer and the second base layer, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer positioned between the first base layer and the liquid crystal layer, and a spacer to maintain a gap between the first base layer and the second base layer, wherein the optical device satisfies Equation 1: ?T2×0.4?T1?T2?T2×0.4??[Equation 1] wherein, T1 is a thickness of the outer layer, and T2 is a thickness of the liquid crystal element.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display substrate, a display panel, and a display device. The display substrate includes a first electrode, a first wire, and a second wire; the first electrode is provided with a plurality of slits; the first wire is provided on a side of the first electrode, and a first gap is provided between the first wire and the first electrode, and the first wire being electrically connected to the first electrode; a second wire provided on a side of the first electrode away from the first wire, and a second gap being provided between the second wire and the first electrode; wherein each of the slits is provided with a first end and a second end opposed to each other, and the first end is close to the first wire, and the second end is close to the second wire, and a light-transmitting part of the first end is larger than a light-transmitting part of the second end.

Abstract: A touch panel includes a liquid crystal display body and a flexible printed circuit (FPC) electrically connected with the liquid crystal display body. The liquid crystal display body includes: sensing electrodes Rx, upper display screen glass, driving electrodes Tx, a color filter with a black frame, liquid crystals, a thin-film transistor drive array and lower display screen glass, where the liquid crystals are filled between the color filter with the black frame and the thin-film transistor drive array; and the liquid crystal display body comprises special-shaped regions at a lower edge of two sides of the liquid crystal display body.

Abstract: A display system includes an extended illumination source, a first liquid crystal assembly disposed on the extended illumination source, and a second liquid crystal assembly disposed on the first liquid crystal display assembly. The first liquid crystal assembly includes a bottom reflective polarizer, a top reflective polarizer, and a bottom liquid crystal panel disposed between the top and bottom reflective polarizers. The second liquid crystal assembly includes a top absorbing polarizer, and a top liquid crystal panel disposed between the top absorbing polarizer and the first liquid crystal assembly.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided according to embodiments of the application. In the display panel, a first metal electrode layer further includes multiple second metal electrode lines which are located in the same layer as multiple first metal electrode lines. An end of the second metal electrode line is electrically connected with the drain of a thin film transistor; and the other end of the second metal electrode line is electrically connected with the pixel electrode, so that the pixel electrode is electrically connected with the drain of the corresponding thin film transistor through the second metal electrode line. The area occupied by the electric connection region of the pixel electrode and the drain of the corresponding thin film transistor is reduced and the display area of the display panel is increased, when the size and the thickness of the display panel are not increased.

Abstract: A display device includes: an array substrate; a counter substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the counter substrate; and a light source disposed so as to emit light into a side surface of the array substrate or a side surface of the counter substrate. The array substrate includes: signal lines arranged in a first direction with spaces interposed between the signal lines; scan lines arranged in a second direction with spaces interposed therebetween; a switching element coupled to a corresponding one of the scan lines and a corresponding one of the signal lines; an organic insulating layer that covers at least the switching element; and a metal layer provided on the upper side of the organic insulating layer so as to overlap the organic insulating layer. A positional misalignment portion of each signal line does not overlap a positional misalignment portion of the metal layer.

Abstract: An array substrate includes: a substrate, and a thin film transistor TFT, a first passivation layer and a transparent electrode disposed on the substrate. Only the first passivation layer is disposed between the transparent electrode and an active layer in the TFT. In this way, a film structure of the array substrate is effectively simplified because no organic insulation layer is disposed in the array substrate, thereby simplifying a manufacturing process of the array substrate and reducing the manufacturing cost of the array substrate.

Abstract: A display device comprising a transistor and a display element over the transistor, wherein the transistor includes a gate electrode on an insulating surface, a gate insulating layer on the gate electrode, and source/drain electrodes on the oxide semiconductor layer and the gate insulating layer, each including a first conductive layer containing nitrogen and a second conductive layer on the first conductive layer, and an insulating layer contains oxygen on the oxide semiconductor layer and the source/drain electrodes.

Abstract: An active matrix substrate includes a plurality of thin film transistors including an oxide semiconductor layer, an interlayer insulating layer, a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged above the interlayer insulating layer, a common electrode arranged between the pixel electrode and the interlayer insulating layer and also configured to function as a touch sensor electrode, a first dielectric layer arranged between the interlayer insulating layer and the common electrode, a second dielectric layer arranged between the common electrode and the pixel electrode, a plurality of touch wiring lines arranged between the interlayer insulating layer and the common electrode and formed of a third conductive film, and a plurality of pixel contact portions, in which each of the plurality of pixel contact portions includes a drain electrode of the thin film transistor, a connection electrode formed of the third conductive film and electrically connected to the drain electrode in a lower opening formed in the interlayer i

Abstract: A display panel and a display device are disclosed, relating to the display technical field. The display panel comprises a display layer and a light control layer which are laminated, the light control layer comprises a plurality of light control pixel areas, the light control pixel areas comprise a thin film transistor, the display layer comprises a plurality of display pixel areas, and the display pixel areas comprise a green sub-pixel; the orthographic projection of the green sub-pixel on the light control pixel area is close to the area where the thin film transistor is located.

Abstract: An object is to reduce parasitic capacitance of a signal line included in a liquid crystal display device. A transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer is used as a transistor provided in each pixel. Note that the oxide semiconductor layer is an oxide semiconductor layer which is highly purified by thoroughly removing impurities (hydrogen, water, or the like) which become electron suppliers (donors). Thus, the amount of leakage current (off-state current) can be reduced when the transistor is off. Therefore, a voltage applied to a liquid crystal element can be held without providing a capacitor in each pixel. In addition, a capacitor wiring extending to a pixel portion of the liquid crystal display device can be eliminated. Therefore, parasitic capacitance in a region where the signal line and the capacitor wiring intersect with each other can be eliminated.

Abstract: A device for modulating the phase of a light beam includes a matrix of elementary cells, called pixels, coupled to a circuit for addressing the pixels, the device further comprising a set of so-called lateral electrodes extending in a so-called vertical direction (Y) at right angles to the alignment direction (Xa) and configured to apply, for each pixel and via at least two lateral electrodes, a so-called acceleration voltage generating a lateral electrical field (Era) substantially parallel to the alignment direction, in a vector allowing an accelerated return of the liquid crystal molecules to their orientation of rest, the acceleration voltage being configured to be applied in a phase called acceleration relaxation phase, when the activation voltage is no longer applied.

Abstract: A display may include illumination optics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (fLCOS) panel, and a waveguide. The illumination optics may produce illumination that is modulated by the fLCOS panel to produce image light. The waveguide may direct the image light towards an eye box. The fLCOS panel may include a ferroelectric liquid crystal (fLC) layer and a backplane. In order to maximize the reflectance of the fLCOS panel and thus the optical performance of the display, the backplane may be a silver backplane or a dielectric mirror backplane. In addition, the backplane may have a cell gap that is equal to a wavelength divided by four times the birefringence of the fLC layer. In order to further optimize the optical performance of the display module, the wavelength used in determining the cell gap may be a green wavelength between 500 nm and 565 nm.

Abstract: An electrochromic device with side-by-side structure including a common electrode unit, at least one color-changing unit and an electrolyte layer is provided. The common electrode unit includes an electrode layer and an electrode protection layer disposed on the electrode layer. The color-changing unit includes a transparent conductive layer and a color-changing layer disposed on the transparent conductive layer. The common electrode unit and each color-changing unit are arranged on the same plane with an insulating region between two adjacent units. The electrolyte layer covers and connects the electrode protection layer of the common electrode unit and the color-changing layer of each color-changing unit.

Abstract: Onboard EC window controllers are described. The controllers are configured in close proximity to the EC window, for example, within the IGU. The controller may be part of a window assembly, which includes an IGU having one or more EC panes, and thus does not have to be matched with the EC window, and installed, in the field. The window controllers described herein have a number of advantages because they are matched to the IGU containing one or more EC devices and their proximity to the EC panes of the window overcomes a number of problems associated with conventional controller configurations. Also described are self-meshing networks for electrochromic windows.

Abstract: Controllers and control methods apply a drive voltage to bus bars of a thin film optically switchable device. The applied drive voltage is provided at a level that drives a transition over the entire surface of the optically switchable device but does not damage or degrade the device. This applied voltage produces an effective voltage at all locations on the face of the device that is within a bracketed range. The upper bound of this range is associated with a voltage safely below the level at which the device may experience damage or degradation impacting its performance in the short term or the long term. At the lower boundary of this range is an effective voltage at which the transition between optical states of the device occurs relatively rapidly. The level of voltage applied between the bus bars is significantly greater than the maximum value of the effective voltage within the bracketed range.

Abstract: Electro-optic (EO) devices having an EO polymer core comprising a first host polymer and a first nonlinear optical chromophore (NLOC); and a cladding comprising a second host polymer and a second NLOC, and methods of preparing the same; wherein the first NLOC has a first bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; wherein the second NLOC has a second bridge covalently bonded to an electron-accepting group and an electron-donating group; and wherein the second bridge is less conjugated than the first bridge such that the cladding has an index of refraction that is less than that of the EO polymer core, and wherein the second NLOC is present in the second host polymer in a concentration such that the cladding has a conductivity equal to or greater than at least 10% of the conductivity of the EO polymer core at a poling temperature.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor substrate, comprising, a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer that overlap a scanning line, an insulating layer that covers the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, and a signal line, wherein the insulating layer has a first opening including a pair of long sides and a pair of short sides, the long sides of the first opening are parallel to the second direction, and the short sides of the first opening are parallel to the first direction, and the signal line is connected to the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer via the first opening.

Abstract: A pixel structure is provided. The pixel structure includes a display unit and a shading unit, and at least a portion of the shading unit is disposed on the display unit. The display unit includes a pixel switch element and a self-illuminating element, and the self-illuminating element is electrically connected to the pixel switch element. The shading unit includes a shading electrode and a shading layer, and the shading layer is disposed on the self-illuminating element and electrically connected to the shading layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are near-eye displaying methods and systems capable of multiple depths of field imaging. The method comprises two steps. At a first step, one or more pixels of a self-emissive display emit a light to a collimator such that the light passing through the collimator is collimated to form a collimated light. At a second step, the self-emissive display provides at least one collimated light direction altering unit on a path of the light from the collimator to change direction of the collimated light to enable the collimated light from at least two pixels to intersect and focus at a different location so as to vary a depth of field.

Abstract: A display system (500) for displaying an image to an eye of a user includes a light-guide optical element (LOE) (506) and an image projector (512) projecting image illumination of a collimated image into the LOE. The image projector includes an electrically-controllable variable lens (10, 13, 71, 77, 58A, 58B, 59, 58C, 58D, 58E, 58F1, 58F2, 58G1, 58G2, 58H, 1223). A controller (18) determines a current region of interest of the image, either from tracking of the user's eye or by analysis of the image content, and controls the variable lens so as to reduce aberrations in the current region of interest at the expense of increased aberration in at least one area of the image outside the current region of interest.

Abstract: The object of the invention relates to a method for scanning with an optical beam (50) using a first acousto-optic deflector (15, 15?) having an optical axis along a Z-axis and at least one acousto-optic crystal layer (14), involving directing the optical beam (50) in the first acousto-optic deflector (15, 15?), and deflecting the optical beam (50) along an X-axis perpendicular to the Z-axis by means of the first acousto-optic deflector (15, 15), during which generating a plurality of acoustic chirp signals (30) in the at least one acousto-optic crystal layer (14) of the acousto-optic deflector (15, 15?) by—generating a first acoustic chirp signal (30a) having a duration of ? in the acousto-optic crystal layer (14), then—generating a second acoustic chirp signal (30b) in the acousto-optic crystal layer (14) within a ? period of time counted from the start of the generation of the first acoustic chirp signal (30a).

Abstract: Some embodiments include methods and/or systems for using multiple cameras to provide optical zoom to a user. Some embodiments include a first camera unit of a multifunction device capturing a first image of a first visual field. A second camera unit of the multifunction device simultaneously captures a second image of a second visual field. In some embodiments, the first camera unit includes a first optical package with a first focal length. In some embodiments, the second camera unit includes a second optical package with a second focal length. In some embodiments, the first focal length is different from the second focal length, and the first visual field is a subset of the second visual field. In some embodiments, the first image and the second image are preserved to a storage medium as separate data structures.

Abstract: The lens driving device includes: an AF movable part; an AF fixing part disposed spaced apart from the autofocus movable part; an AF driving section that moves the AF movable part in an optical-axis direction with respect to the AF fixing part; an OIS movable part that includes the AF movable part, the AF fixing part and the AF driving section; an OIS fixing part disposed spaced apart from the OIS movable part; and an OIS driving section that sways the OIS movable part in a plane orthogonal to the optical-axis direction with respect to the OIS fixing part. The AF movable part includes a first position detection magnet and the OIS fixing part includes a hall element provided facing the first position detection magnet in the optical-axis direction.

Abstract: A camera apparatus includes a flexible carrier medium formed as a light guide and on which an input coupling region and an output region are disposed. Light, which is incident on the input coupling region from the surroundings, can be input into the carrier medium via the input coupling region. Internal reflection allows the light to be transmitted through the carrier medium from the input coupling region to the output coupling region. At the output coupling region, the transmitted light can be output from the carrier medium and be captured by an image capture device, which is disposed adjacent to the output coupling region.

Abstract: A handheld platform includes an imaging device configured to obtain image data, a gimbal assembly coupled to the imaging device and configured to permit movement of the imaging device with respect to at least a first axis and a second axis that are non-orthogonal to each other, and a handheld support coupled to the gimbal assembly. The handheld support includes an input interface configured to receive a user input to control the imaging device or the gimbal assembly and a controller configured to generate one or more control signals based at least in part on the user input.

Abstract: Provided is a projection screen. The projection screen includes a first transparent cover plate, a transparent touch panel, and a first nanoparticle layer, wherein the first nanoparticle layer and the first transparent cover plate are sequentially laminated on one side of the transparent touch panel, and the first nanoparticle layer comprises a plurality of dispersed nanoparticles of different particle sizes. A method for manufacturing a projection screen, a projection display system, and a projection display method are also provided.

Abstract: A method includes forming a first photomask including N mask chip regions and a first mask scribe lane region surrounding each of the N mask chip regions, forming a second photomask including M mask chip regions and a second mask scribe lane region surrounding each of the M mask chip regions, performing a first semiconductor process including a first photolithography process using the first photomask on a semiconductor wafer; and performing a second semiconductor process including a second photolithography process using the second photomask on the semiconductor wafer. The first photolithography process is an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photolithography process, the first photomask is an EUV photomask, N is a natural number of 2 or more, and M is two times N.

Abstract: A blankmask for extreme ultraviolet lithography includes a substrate, a reflective layer formed on the substrate, and a phase shift layer formed on the reflective layer. The phase shift layer contains niobium (Nb), and is made of a material containing one of tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), and ruthenium (Ru). A phase shift layer containing Nb and Ta has a relative reflectance of 5 to 20%, a phase shift layer containing Nb and Cr has a relative reflectance of 9 to 15%, and a phase shift layer containing Nb and Ru has a relative reflectance of 20% or more. The phase shift layer has a phase shift amount of 170 to 230°, and has a surface roughness of 0.5 nmRMS or less. It is possible to obtain excellent resolution when finally manufacturing a pattern of 7 nm or less by using a photomask manufactured using such a blankmask.

Abstract: A pellicle for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is based on yttrium carbide and used in a EUV lithography process. The pellicle for EUV lithography includes a pellicle layer that has a core layer containing yttrium carbide. The yttrium carbide is YCx in which the atomic percentage of carbon is within a range of 25% to 45%.

Abstract: A quartz glass plate has a quartz glass plate body and a quartz glass member adhered to the quartz glass plate body through an adhesive layer, where the adhesive layer contains silica, and a sum of concentrations of Li, Na, and K ions, being alkali metal ions and Ca ions, being alkaline earth metal ions contained in the adhesive layer is 10 ppm by mass or less. Consequently, a step with a uniform thickness can be formed, and a quartz glass plate is not easily damaged by irradiation with a light containing an ultraviolet ray.

Abstract: A performance monitor determines a performance characteristic of a plurality of dispensers receiving fluid from a reservoir. Each of the plurality of dispensers has an actuator that, when actuated, causes the each of the dispensers to generate a droplet of the fluid. A driver generates a drive command to the actuator to adjust a physical attribute of the droplet based on the performance characteristic to satisfy a performance criteria.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a resin molded article through which air bubbles are not easily formed during imprint molding when a curable composition is applied to a mold having a pattern shaped section.

Abstract: An imprint lithography stamp includes a stamp body having a patterned surface and formed from a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer. The imprint lithography stamp further includes a backing plate with a plurality of through-holes with portions of the stamp body extending into the through-holes to adhere the stamp body to the backing plate. The patterned surface of the stamp body has a plurality of protrusions extending from the stamp body, which are used to form high aspect ratio features at high processing temperatures. A mold design for forming the imprint lithography stamp and an injection molding process for forming the imprint lithography stamp are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are a substrate treating apparatus and a substrate treating method. According to an embodiment of the inventive concept, the purge operation of the purge nozzle is performed while the nozzle arm is moved from the first substrate support member to the second substrate support member, it hardly influences the operation of treating the substrate while the nozzle arm is moved from the first substrate support member to the second substrate support member. According to an embodiment of the inventive concept, the substrate treating apparatus may perform an operation of purging the photosensitive liquid nozzle while the treatment liquid supply unit performs a process of supplying the photosensitive liquid to the substrate. Accordingly, because the operation of purging the photosensitive liquid nozzle is performed at the same time when the substrate treating apparatus performs a process, productivity may be improved.

Abstract: An optical proximity correction (OPC) operation method and an OPC operation device are provided. The OPC operation method includes the following steps. A mask layout is obtained. If the mask layout contains at least one defect hotspot, at least one partial area pattern is extracted from the mask layout according to the at least defect hotspot. A machine learning model is used to analyze the local area pattern to obtain at least one OPC strategy. The OPC strategy is implemented to correct the mask layout.

Abstract: A method for the tracking and identification of components of lithography systems, for example of projection exposure apparatuses for semiconductor lithography is provided. The components are each provided with at least one transponder. The transponder has a data memory, on which data relating to the respective component are stored. The transponder is configured to pick up wirelessly arriving signals of a reader and to respond with data from the data memory. The data are stored on the data memory during the production of the component and/or during the production of the lithography system and/or after the start-up of the lithography system.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and an intermediate layer disposed between the first and second substrates. The intermediate layer is configured to be a first point of failure or breakage of the apparatus under an applied force. The apparatus can further include a bonding layer disposed between the first and second substrates. The bonding layer is configured to bond the intermediate layer to the first and second substrates. The apparatus can further include a fastener coupled to the first and second substrates. The fastener is configured to secure the intermediate layer to the first and second substrates. The intermediate layer can include a coating applied to the first substrate or the second substrate. The apparatus can further include a second intermediate layer disposed between the first substrate and the fastener or the second substrate and the fastener.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a photoresist coater applying a photoresist film on a substrate, a humidifier increasing an amount of moisture in an ambient to which the photoresist film on the substrate is exposed, and an exposer irradiating the photoresist film exposed to the ambient having the increased amount of moisture with light. The humidifier is disposed between the photoresist coater and the exposer.

Abstract: A sensor is disclosed, wherein a transducer generates acoustic waves, which are received by a lens assembly. The lens assembly transmits and directs at least a part of the acoustic waves to a target. The lens assembly then receives at least a part of acoustic waves, after interaction with the target. The sensor further comprises an optical detector that comprises at least one optically reflective member located at a surface of the lens assembly, which surface is arranged opposite to a surface of the lens assembly which faces a focal plane of the lens assembly, wherein the at least one optically reflective member is mechanically displaced in response to the acoustic waves, which are received and transmitted by the lens assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate, associated patterning device and a method for measuring a position of the substrate. The method comprises performing an alignment scan of an alignment mark to obtain simultaneously: a first measurement signal detected in a first measurement channel and a second measurement signal detected in a second measurement channel. The first and second measurement signals are processed by subtracting a first direction component of the first measurement signal from a first direction component of the second measurement signal to obtain a first processed signal, the first direction components relating to said first direction. The position of an alignment mark is determined with respect to the first direction from the first processed signal.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes first and second image bearing members and first and second developing members. The controller controls to execute first and second controls based on image information in a case that the first developing member is separated from the first image bearing member when an operation in which the image is sequentially transferred to a transferred member from the first and second image bearing members is terminated. The first developing member is started to separate from the first image bearing member in the first control after an end of an image forming area on the first image bearing member in a moving direction passes through the first transfer position, and in the second control after the end of the image forming area on the first image bearing member in the moving direction passes through the developing position and before the end of the image forming area reaches the first transfer position.

Abstract: A drum cover is movable relative to a photosensitive drum between a first position at which the drum cover covers a part of a circumferential surface of the photosensitive drum, and a second position at which the drum cover does not cover the part of the circumferential surface of the photosensitive drum. A toner cartridge includes a toner storage portion configured to store toner to be supplied to the photosensitive drum. A drum cartridge includes a toner cartridge guide extending in a second direction crossing a first direction. The toner cartridge guide guides the toner cartridge to move in the second direction when the toner cartridge is being attached to the drum cartridge. A distance from the toner cartridge guide to the drum cover at the second position is longer than a distance from the toner cartridge guide to the drum cover at the first position.

Abstract: A developer cartridge includes a developing roller, a developer housing supporting the developing roller, and a toner storage unit including a first storage chamber capable of storing toner, and a second storage chamber storing the developer housing. The toner storage unit supports the developer housing such that the developer housing is movable with respect to the first storage chamber.