Abstract: The following disclosure relates to catalyst compositions for electrochemical cells and their methods of making. In one example, the method includes providing a supporting substrate and depositing an active catalyst composition onto a surface of the supporting substrate via atomic layer deposition (AID). A catalyst composition includes a conductive substrate and an active catalyst deposited on a surface of the conductive substrate via atomic layer deposition.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst including a nickel foam (NF) substrate and a layer of metallic nickel particles on the nickel foam substrate. The metallic nickel particles are spherical and have an average diameter of 100-500 nanometers (nm). Further, the metallic nickel particles are aggregated with aggregates having an average size of 0.5 to 5 micrometers (?m).

Abstract: A method for preparing a reduction catalyst for water electrolysis using protective coating; a reduction electrode for alkaline water electrolysis comprising a reduction catalyst prepared thereby, and an alkaline water electrolysis system are disclosed. The method for preparing a reduction catalyst for water electrolysis applies a protective coating method and suppresses the growth of alloy particles in a subsequent high-temperature heat treatment step, and, thus, can prepare and provide a catalyst with a high alloying degree. As a result, a non-novel metal alloy catalyst prepared according to the method of the present invention has excellent catalytic characteristics by exhibiting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance similar to that of platinum, which is a noble metal catalyst.

Abstract: A separator for an electrochemical device, including: a porous carrier having two, respectively a first and a second, largest parallel sides separated by a thickness, and a hydrogel, made of a first metal oxide and an aqueous medium, present within the first of both largest sides and in at least part of the thickness.

Abstract: The application describes a method for operating an electrolyzer and a fuel cell which, in parallel with one another, are connected to a device-side converter connection of a common bidirectional converter, on

Abstract: The present application belongs to the technical field of aluminum metallurgy, and specifically relates to a method for producing metallic aluminum and polysilicon with a high-silicon aluminum-containing resource. The method includes: pretreating the high-silicon aluminum-containing resource to obtain an aluminum-silicon oxide material; the aluminum-silicon oxide material is used to produce a metallic aluminum product and a copper-aluminum-silicon alloy with silicon enriched by molten salt electrolysis in a double-chamber electrolytic cell; and the copper-aluminum-silicon alloy is used to produce an aluminum-silicon alloy and/or polysilicon by molten salt electrolysis in a single-chamber electrolytic cell, and further separating the aluminum-silicon alloy by physical methods to obtain polysilicon. The present application has characteristics such as low production cost, continuous electrolysis operations, high product quality, and environmental friendliness.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an anodising system for a component of a motor vehicle brake, comprising an electrolyte source which generates an electrolyte flow along a face to be anodised of the component, and a separating fluid source for generating a separating fluid flow along a face not to be anodised of the component. The disclosure furthermore relates to an anodising method.

Abstract: Provided is a pre-wet process method by which a pre-wet process can be effectively performed on a substrate without affecting throughput. The pre-wet process method for performing the pre-wet process before performing a plating process on a substrate in a plating apparatus is provided. The pre-wet process method includes a step of calculating a maximum process time in a pre-wet module based on a rate limiting step of limiting a rate of a process in the whole plating apparatus, a step of calculating a minimum moving speed of the nozzle head in the pre-wet module based on the calculated maximum process time, and a step of moving the nozzle head at a speed equal to or more than the calculated minimum moving speed to supply a pre-wet liquid to the plate surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A specific portion of a substrate is allowed to be shielded at a desired timing, and making a plating film-thickness uniform is improved. A plating module includes: a plating tank 410 for housing a plating solution; an anode 430 disposed in the plating tank 410; a substrate holder 440 for holding a substrate Wf with a surface to be plated Wf-a facing downward; a rotation mechanism 447 configured to rotate the substrate holder 440 in a first direction and a second direction opposite to the first direction; and a shielding mechanism 485 configured to move a shielding member 481 into between the anode 430 and the substrate Wf depending on a rotation angle of the substrate holder 440.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a plating apparatus that allows a plating solution to smoothly contact a surface to be plated and that can inhibit bubbles from remaining on the surface to be plated. A substrate holder of the plating apparatus includes a head module that contacts and holds a substrate, a tilting module configured to tilt the head module, and an elevating/lowering module configured to elevate and lower the head module. The tilting module includes a first member, a second member supporting the head module, the second member being connected to the first member in a rotatable manner about a rotation axis, and an actuator that rotates the second member about the rotation axis. The rotation axis is offset from a center of the substrate held by the head module, and the elevating/lowering module is configured to elevate and lower the substrate holder by elevating and lowering the first member of the tilting module.

Abstract: Provided is a technique that determines presence of a leakage of a plating solution to an arranged region of a contact member. A leakage determination method includes: discharging step 120 of discharging a cleaning liquid to the contact member of a substrate holder after immersing a substrate held by the substrate holder in the plating solution and performing a plating process; a measuring step 122 of measuring a conductivity of the cleaning liquid after cleaning the contact member; and determining step 128 of determining presence or absence of a leakage of the plating solution to the arranged region of the contact member based on comparison between a first conductivity of a cleaning liquid measured in advance for a substrate holder serving as a reference and a second conductivity of the cleaning liquid measured in the measuring step 122.

Abstract: An anti-cracking suction device for Czochralski single crystal is provided, wherein the device includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder disposed in the outer cylinder, a suction tube, and a first gap. An upper portion of the suction tube extends into the inner cylinder from a bottom of the outer cylinder, a lower portion of the suction tube is disposed outside the outer cylinder. The first gap is disposed between a bottom of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and is configured to cushion a thermal expansion of the bottom of the inner cylinder to reduce stress at where the suction tube is connected with the inner cylinder, in a case that silicon liquid is sucked into the inner cylinder by the suction tube and accumulated at the bottom of the inner cylinder.

Abstract: Ingot puller apparatus and methods for growing a single crystal silicon ingots with reduced lower chamber deposits are disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides raw material re-feeding apparatus and monocrystal manufacturing apparatus having the same. The raw material re-feeding apparatus includes a charger body, a storage, a fixed conveyer, a mobile conveyer, and a switching device. The fixed conveyer and the storage are disposed in the charger body, and the fixed conveyer is disposed at a discharging end of the storage for conveying materials. A charging end of the mobile conveyer is aligned with a discharging end of the fixed conveyer, and the mobile conveyer is movable relative to a monocrystal furnace, so that materials flowing out of the fixed conveyer can fall onto the mobile conveyer. The switching device is connected to the charger body and the monocrystal furnace for achieving connection/disconnection between the charger body and the monocrystal furnace.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides raw material re-feeding apparatus for manufacturing a monocrystal and monocrystal manufacturing apparatus including the same. The raw material re-feeding apparatus is provided outside a monocrystal furnace and includes a storage and a feeder in communication with the storage. A discharging end of the feeder is located in the monocrystal furnace and movable relative to the monocrystal furnace, so that the discharging end of the feeder is immersed in a silicon melt when the material re-feeding is performed, and thus the material is melted and re-fed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a heat leakage prevention device for a single crystal furnace and a single crystal furnace system including the heat leakage prevention device, wherein the heat leakage prevention device includes a thermal field structure and a plugging device disposed on an outer side of the single crystal furnace, the thermal field structure is provided with a thermal field open for feeding the single crystal furnace, the plugging device is disposed on a side of the thermal field structure close to the single crystal furnace, and the plugging device is movably disposed to expose or completely plug the thermal field open.

Abstract: A method for producing a silicon ingot includes withdrawing a seed crystal from a melt that includes melted silicon in a crucible that is enclosed in a vacuum chamber containing a cusped magnetic field. At least one process parameter is regulated in at least two stages, including a first stage corresponding to formation of the silicon ingot up to an intermediate ingot length, and a second stage corresponding to formation of the silicon ingot from the intermediate ingot length to the total ingot length. During the second stage process parameter regulation may include reducing a crystal rotation rate, reducing a crucible rotation rate, and/or increasing a magnetic field strength relative to the first stage.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for single crystal growth, and a single crystal. The method includes: determining a V/G window range that can produce a perfect crystal according to a V/G theory; obtaining a crystal growth rate V, and obtaining a range of a temperature gradient G at a solid-liquid interface for crystal growth; and obtaining a single crystal by determining a gap d or a crystal bar radius r according to the range of the temperature gradient G and a function F(d, r) of the gap d and the crystal bar radius r.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a pre-heat ring for use in a substrate processing chamber, and related methods. A pre-heat ring including black quartz (such as formed of black quartz) facilitates material properties that can facilitate heating benefits. In one or more embodiments, a pre-heat ring applicable for use in a semiconductor processing chamber includes one or more ring segments. The one or more ring segments include an inner edge defining an inner dimension, an outer edge defining an outer dimension, a first side surface between the inner edge and the outer edge, and a second side surface between the inner edge and the outer edge. The second side surface is opposing the first side surface. The one or more ring segments include black quartz. The black quartz includes silicon dioxide (SiO2) impregnated with undoped silicon (Si).

Abstract: A method for substrate processing includes flowing one or more process reactive gases into an upper volume of a processing chamber, flowing cleaning gas into a lower volume of the processing chamber, measuring temperature of an inner surface of the lower volume of the processing chamber, and adjusting temperature of the inner surface of the lower volume of the processing chamber, based on the measured temperature.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include a free-standing crystal, comprising a group III metal and nitrogen. The free-standing crystal may comprise: a wurtzite crystal structure; a growth direction, the growth direction being selected from one of [0 0 0 ±1], {1 0 ?1 0}, {1 0 ?1 ±1}, or {1 0 ?1 ±2}. A first surface having a dislocation density between 1 cm?2 and 107 cm?2, the dislocations having an orientation within 30 degrees of the growth direction, and an average impurity concentration of H greater than 1017 cm?3. The free-standing crystal having at least four sets of bands, wherein each set of bands includes a first sub-band and a second sub-band, the first sub-band having a concentration of at least one impurity selected from H, O, Li, Na, K, F, Cl, Br, and I; and each of the at least four sets of bands have portions that are substantially parallel.

Abstract: Exemplary methods of forming a semiconductor structure may include forming a nucleation layer on a semiconductor substrate. The exemplary methods may further include forming at least one gallium nitride (GaN)-containing region on the nucleation layer, and forming an indium-gallium-nitride (InGaN)-containing layer on the GaN-containing region. A porosified region may be formed on a portion of at least one of the GaN-containing region and the InGaN-containing layer, and an active region may be formed on the porosified region. In embodiments, the porosified region may be characterized by a void fraction of greater than or about 20 vol. %. In further embodiments, the active region may include a greater mole percentage (mol. %) indium than the porosified region or the GaN-containing region. In still further embodiments, the active region may characterized by a peak light emission at a wavelength of greater than or about 620 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fiber-nanowire composite-based sheet having super-amphiphilic characteristics. In the present invention, fibers including metal nanoparticles or metal oxide nanoparticles embedded in the fibers or located on the surface of the fibers are synthesized, and a sheet based on a composite in which metal nanowires or metal oxide nanowires have been grown from the above fibers is provided. A sheet of the present invention has super-amphiphilic characteristics and can be used in various fields such as the antibacterial filter field, the antibacterial film field, the antiviral filter field, the antiviral film field, the antifouling coating field, the drug delivery vehicle field, or the water treatment filter field.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for preparing a polyurethane film, comprising the steps of: i) dissolving polyurethane into a first solvent to form a first solution; ii) dissolving salt into a second solvent to form a second solution; iii) preparing a spinning stock solution by mixing said first solution and said second solution; iv) spinning said spinning stock solution in an electrospinning device to obtain a polyurethane film; v) providing a container to which a third solvent is sprayed; and vi) arranging said polyurethane film in said container for a period of time.

Abstract: A method of generating multifunctional mycelium products (thread, foam, films, gels and liquids) derived from biodegraded waste and fungi includes inoculating a carbon-containing substrate with fungi; growing the fungi to form a mature mycelium; separating the mycelium from the carbon-containing substrate; and drying the mature mycelium. The mycelium is either injected into a mold and expanded, fermented to produce a liquid, or blended with water and gelling agents to form a hydrogel. The products sequester carbon and inherently combat pathogens, notably MRSA. Further augmented with synthetic enzyme substrates, the products offer bacterial detection. A standout feature is their capacity to hold and release therapeutic agents, diversifying their use from sustainable textiles to skincare, wound healing, and precise drug delivery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a para-aramid fiber and a preparation method therefor. The para-aramid fiber has a high orientation and crystallinity, and thus exhibits excellent tensile properties.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for electromagnetically and thermally treating polymeric materials, including PAN and other carbon fiber precursors at large scale at atmospheric pressure, while measuring the temperature in the closed environment of the process chamber. The apparatus is designed for continuous processing, and to be compatible with other stages of existing carbon fiber production lines. It provides direct electromagnetic coupling to the fiber tow(s) in a resonant cavity of one or more microwave waveguide launchers and also provides direct radiative or IR heating from susceptor plates located on the opposite side of the tow from the waveguide opening for processing a band of multiple tows of fiber. It produces high-temperature-carbonized (HTC) fiber with shorter residence time and higher density compared to the conventional process. Its design is inherently scalable to larger production.

Abstract: The invention relates to a friction disc (5) for a false twisting device (1), having a hub (6) comprising a mounting opening (7) for mounting a shaft (4) of the false twisting device (1), and with a race (8) that circumferentially surrounds the hub (6) when the friction disc (5) is used as intended, wherein the race (8) comprises a base body (9) having a uniform cross section about an axis of rotation (RA) of the friction disc (5) and the hub (6) comprises a mounting contour (10) adapted to correspond to the base body (9) of the race (8), and wherein the race (8) and the hub (6) are detachably connected to one another.

Abstract: A composite yarn spun of separate fibers may include a soybean fiber; a cellulose fiber with incorporated organic seaweed; and a Ramie fiber. A knitted fabric composition may include yarns as defined above.

Abstract: A method for embedding alphanumeric text into a pattern and providing a literal optical illusion that distorts the alphanumeric text as a solid line at a distance and provides legible alphanumeric characters at a close proximity. The pattern being woven into a textile material or printed onto a surface.

Abstract: A process for providing a material comprising a nonwoven layer of fibers is provided comprising: providing a material composition comprising: 90 to 98.7 wt. % of a recycled polyester polymer, 1 to 5 wt. % of a polyolefin polymer, and 0.3 to 5 wt. % of a compatibilizer based on the total weight of the recycled polyester polymer, the polyolefin polymer and the compatibilizer; melting the material composition; extruding the molten material composition through spinning holes in a spinneret to form extruded fibers; supplying the extruded fibers to form a nonwoven web of fibers; and consolidating the nonwoven web to obtain a material comprising a nonwoven layer of fibers.

Abstract: A non-woven textile may be formed from a plurality of thermoplastic polymer filaments. The non-woven textile may have a first region and a second region, with the filaments of the first region being fused to a greater degree than the filaments of the second region. A variety of products, including apparel (e.g., shirts, pants, footwear), may incorporate the non-woven textile. In some of these products, the non-woven textile may be joined with another textile element to form a seam. More particularly, an edge area of the non-woven textile may be heatbonded with an edge area of the other textile element at the seam. In other products, the non-woven textile may be joined with another component, whether a textile or a non-textile.

Abstract: A method of making a three-dimensional web is provided. The method comprises spinning continuous filaments from a spinneret, moving the spun continuous filaments along a travel path having an end, and rotating a collection surface at or proximate to the end of the travel path. The collection surface comprises cavities and land areas. The land areas are tangentially planar with an outer surface of the collection surface. The cavities are recessed with respect to the outer surface of the collection surface. The method comprises applying a fluid pressure to the collection surface and collecting the filaments on the collection surface to create an intermediate three-dimensional web having first regions formed in the cavities and second regions formed on the land areas. The first and second regions differ in at least one intensive property. The method comprises bonding the intermediate web using a bonding operation to form a final three-dimensional web.

Abstract: Glass fiber products, including glass fiber mat and insulation products, are described. A glass fiber mat may include glass fibers and a binder. The binder may include cured products from a carbohydrate binder composition. The carbohydrate binder composition may include a carbohydrate, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a thickening agent. The carbohydrate binder composition may have a Brookfield viscosity of 7 to 50 centipoise at 20° C. as measured with a Brookfield viscometer using spindle 18 at 60 rpm. Glass fiber mats may include a component of a roofing shingle. Glass fiber mats may be a facer, battery separator, a filtration media, or a backing mat.

Abstract: A textile component may include a knitted component with a first knit layer, a second knit layer, and a pocket, where the pocket is located between the first knit layer and the second knit layer. A spacing element may be included, where the spacing element is located within the pocket. An embroidered element on an exterior surface of the first knit layer may be included, where the embroidered element extends through the first knit layer but does not extend through the second knit layer. The textile may also include a cushioning area that is elevated relative to a base portion of the knitted component. An emblem formed by the embroidered element is located within the cushioning area.

Abstract: A domestic appliance or method of operating a domestic appliance may include receiving power from an unpowered state. The method may also include determining an appliance relocation in response to receiving power from the unpowered state. The method may further include directing a calibration routine based on determining the appliance relocation. The calibration routine may include opening a water valve and closing the water valve according to a predetermined valve sequence or activating a motor mounted within a cabinet of the domestic appliance according to a predetermined motor sequence.

Abstract: A method of operating a laundry treating appliance with a combination washer/dryer having a cabinet defining an interior, a tub located within the interior, and a rotatable drum located within the tub interior and defining a treating chamber, and an air recirculation conduit, the method comprising supplying water to the treating chamber, rotating the drum, and draining the water from the laundry treating appliance.

Abstract: A method of controlling a laundry treatment apparatus includes measuring a temperature of clothes, calculating a temperature amplitude according to the measured temperature of the clothes, classifying a temperature amplitude according to a reference value to classify the clothes into dry and wet clothes, calculating a first ratio as a ratio of the dry and wet clothes of the clothes, calculating a second ratio for normalizing the measured temperature, and determining a drying level of the clothes using the first ratio and the second ratio.

Abstract: A laundry appliance includes a filter that accumulates microparticles in a fluid path, a pressure sensor having a membrane that moves from an initial position toward a saturated position in response to the accumulation of the microparticles, an arm operably coupled with the pressure sensor, and a retention feature interposing the arm and the filter to operably couple the pressure sensor with the filter, wherein the retention feature maintains the membrane in the saturated position in response a threshold saturation of the filter with the microparticles.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a washing machine. The washing machine includes a tub, a drum rotatably provided in the tub, and a pump for draining and circulating wash water. The pump includes a pump housing, a drain chamber formed in the pump housing, a drain pump mounted in the drain chamber and provided with a drain impeller for generating a drain pressure in the drain chamber, a first drain hose connector extending from the upper portion of the drain chamber to drain the wash water in response to rotation of the impeller in one direction, a second drain hose connector extending from the lower portion of the drain chamber to drain the wash water in response to rotation of the impeller in the opposite direction, a first drain hose connected to the first drain hose connector, and a second drain hose connected to the second drain hose connector.

Abstract: A quick clipping mechanism and a hanger thereof. The clipping mechanism contains a first clipping arm, a second clipping arm and a supporting arm. The second clipping arm is connected to the supporting arm. The first clipping arm is located between the second clipping arm and the supporting arm. The rear end of the first clipping arm is connected to the supporting arm. An object that needs to be clipped is lifted from a position below the first clipping arm, and the first clipping arm rotates upwards along with the object, such that the object is located between the first clipping arm and the second clipping arm. By means of the action of friction, the object is clipped. The first clipping arm is lifted again, such that the object can be loosened. The hanger contains a supporting mechanism and a plurality of clipping mechanisms.

Abstract: A laundry treating apparatus includes a cabinet; a laundry receiving space defined in the cabinet and configured for receiving laundry therein; an insertion opening defined in a front face of the cabinet and in fluid communication with the laundry receiving space; a door rotatably fixed to the cabinet to open and close the insertion opening; a supply unit configured to supply at least one of air or water vapor to the laundry receiving space; a support assembly provided in the laundry receiving space and configured to support the laundry; and a conveying part configured to move the support assembly toward the insertion opening when the door opens the insertion opening.

Abstract: A clothing treatment device includes a cabinet having an open part provided at the front thereof, a door assembly for opening and closing the open part, a first clothing treatment room, which is provided inside the cabinet so as to provide a space for accommodating clothing therein, and communicates with the outside of the cabinet through the open part, and a machinery room for circulating steam or air in the first clothing treatment room. The door assembly includes an assembly housing which opens and closes the opened front surface of the cabinet and which has a space of a second clothing treatment room therein, and an assembly door for opening and closing, at the front of the cabinet, the second clothing treatment room formed in the assembly housing.

Abstract: A clothing treatment apparatus includes a frame, a hanger body provided to hang clothing or a hanger, and a vibration module generating vibration, and configured to move the hanger body with respect to the frame. The vibration module includes a first eccentric portion rotating about a predetermined first rotation axis, a second eccentric portion rotating about a predetermined second rotation axis that is spaced apart from and parallel to the first rotation axis, and a vibrating body fixed to a predetermined central axis that is fixed to the frame and disposed between the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis. The first eccentric portion and the second eccentric portion rotate in the same direction to rotate the vibrating body about the central axis.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying laundry with ultraviolet radiation is provided. One or more ultraviolet light sources emit ultraviolet radiation, which, in various embodiments, is transmitted through a UV-radiation permeable transparent drum containing the wet laundry and other wet articles to be dried. Also provided is a dryer having ultraviolet light sources centrally situated with respect to the drum, wherein the ultraviolet light sources emit ultraviolet radiation directed at laundry in the drum.

Abstract: A laundry processing apparatus includes a filter assembly that is detachably supported by a filter holder positioned between a processing module and a guide duct, and an inner filter and an outer filter that are overlappingly assembled with each other, and removes debris contained in circulated air and then supplies the circulated air into the guide duct. The filter holder is assembled with a sealing member, and the sealing member is provided to cover at least a part of an outer surface of the outer filter to seal a gap between the outer filter and the filter holder, and a part of the sealing member protrudes toward the inner filter to seal a gap between the inner filter and the outer filter.

Abstract: A crease-smoothing cabinet includes a base; a top extending opposite and at a distance from the base; and an expandable curtain intended to extend between the base and the top, so that the base, the top and the curtain together define an enclosed space in the crease-smoothing cabinet when the curtain is expanded and attached to the base and the top. The curtain includes a multilayer textile wall including a first layer and a second layer, wherein the first layer is made of a textile material made of elastic fibers and the second layer is made of a waterproof material.

Abstract: A crease-smoothing cabinet includes: a base; a top extending opposite and at a distance from the base; and an expandable curtain configured to extend between the base and the top, so that the base, top and curtain together define an enclosed space in the crease-smoothing cabinet when the curtain is expanded and attached to the base and top. The curtain includes a textile wall and a frame having a plurality of stays, the frame stays being arranged at regular intervals along the textile wall, and in that each portion of the textile wall located between two frame stays has a convex shape, so that the frame and the textile wall ensure accordion-folding and unfolding of the curtain.

Abstract: An article of clothing, which can be a sock; a system comprising two or more articles of clothing; and a method of washing articles of clothing. The article of clothing includes a connection means to attach to another article of clothing. The connection means is machine washable and allows two articles of clothing to be kept together throughout a washing process.

Abstract: A laundry treatment composition including a plurality of particles. The plurality of particles include: about 5% to about 99.9% by weight, optionally from 10% to about 99% by weight, optionally from about 30% by weight to about 95% by weight of a carrier system including a polyalkylenecarbonate compound. The composition further includes a fabric care benefit agent.