Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed that synchronize multiple devices. An example apparatus includes memory, instructions, and processor circuitry to execute the instructions to at least obtain first images using a first trigger frequency and second images using a second trigger frequency, the second trigger frequency different from the first trigger frequency, identify a first number of time units between a first time corresponding to a first one of the first images and a second time corresponding to a first one of the second images, the first number of time units defining a first time window, and in response to the first time window exceeding a threshold, adjust the second trigger frequency based on the number of time units such that a subsequent time window satisfies the threshold.

Abstract: The present technology relates to an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a program that allow a sensing time of a sensor to be easily and accurately determined. An information processing apparatus includes a control circuit that outputs a control signal for controlling a sensing timing of a sensor, a counter that updates a counter value in a predetermined cycle, and an addition circuit that adds, to sensor data output from the sensor, sensing time information including a first counter value, a second counter value, and a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) time in a GNSS. The first counter value is obtained when the control signal is output from the control circuit, and the second counter value is obtained when a pulse signal synchronous with the GNSS time is output from a GNSS receiver. The present technology can be applied to, for example, a vehicle-mounted camera.

Abstract: The embodiments are an image processing method and apparatus, an aerial camera and a storage medium. The method includes: receiving an image mode switching instruction, wherein the image mode switching instruction is configured to indicate to switch a current image mode into a target image mode, and the image mode switching instruction carries the target image mode; and processing a collected image according to the target image mode. Therefore, the image can be flexibly processed based on the target image mode in the image mode switching instruction, such that the image display requirements in different scenarios are met.

Abstract: An image processing device according to one embodiment comprises a processing unit which receives first Bayer data from an image sensor, receives gyro data from a gyro sensor, and generates, from the first Bayer data, by using the received gyro data, second Bayer data compensated for camera movement.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a first camera having a first angle of view; a second camera having a second angle of view wider than the first angle of view; a motion sensor configured to obtain motion information of the electronic device; a display; a memory; and a processor.

Abstract: An optical path changing module includes: a first rotational holder on which a reflective member configured to change a path of light is mounted; a second rotational holder supporting the first rotational holder; and a first elastic support portion disposed between the first rotational holder and the second rotational holder. The first elastic support portion includes: a first shaft disposed along a first rotational axis that is a rotational axis of the first rotational holder, and fastened to either one of the first rotational holder and the second rotational holder; a first bracket fastened to the other one of the first rotational holder and the second rotational holder and accommodating the first shaft therein; and first elastic members connecting the first shaft to the first bracket.

Abstract: A dual-aperture zoom digital camera operable in both still and video modes. The camera includes Wide and Tele imaging sections with respective lens/sensor combinations and image signal processors and a camera controller operatively coupled to the Wide and Tele imaging sections. The Wide and Tele imaging sections provide respective image data. The controller is configured to combine in still mode at least some of the Wide and Tele image data to provide a fused output image from a particular point of view, and to provide without fusion continuous zoom video mode output images, each output image having a given output resolution, wherein the video mode output images are provided with a smooth transition when switching between a lower zoom factor (ZF) value and a higher ZF value or vice versa, and wherein at the lower ZF the output resolution is determined by the Wide sensor while at the higher ZF value the output resolution is determined by the Tele sensor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to the technical field of gimbal control, and disclose a gimbal control method and apparatus, a control terminal and an aircraft system. The gimbal control method is applicable to a control terminal. A gimbal carries a photographing device. The method includes: acquiring photographing parameter information of the photographing device, where the photographing parameter information includes a field of view of the photographing device and a resolution of a captured image of the photographing device; acquiring image coordinates of a target object in the captured image that is selected by a user; and controlling an attitude of the gimbal according to the photographing parameter information and the image coordinates of the target object, so that the target object is at a preset position in the captured image.

Abstract: Provided is a monitoring system including: a monitoring apparatus configured to monitor a target; and an operating apparatus configured to operate the monitoring apparatus. In the monitoring system, the operating system includes a controller, and the controller is configured to obtain target information from an outside; receive monitoring information from the monitoring apparatus; determine driving information for driving the monitoring apparatus so that the target is positioned in a monitoring area of the monitoring apparatus, based on the target information and the monitoring information; determine an interlocking field of view (FOV) for adjusting the monitoring area on the basis of the driving information; and transmit the interlocking FOV and a driving angle based on the driving information, to the monitoring apparatus.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining a connection relation of subspaces, and a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium are provided. In the method, a plurality of sets of panoramic images respectively corresponding to two respective adjacent subspaces are obtained. Each set of the panoramic images includes two first panoramic images, and a second panoramic image photographed at a connection opening. Orientations of the connection openings are determined based on positions of the connection openings, and orientations of a camera. Relative positions of the two adjacent subspaces are determined based on correspondence relations between the two first panoramic images and parts of the respective second panoramic images. The connection relation of the subspaces is determined based on the connection relation determined based on the same subspace, the orientations of the connection openings, and the relative positions of the two adjacent subspaces.

Abstract: A multi-channel video recording method comprises: starting, by an electronic device, a camera; acquiring images by using a first camera lens and a second camera lens in a plurality of camera lenses; displaying a preview interface, where the preview interface includes a first image and a second image; the first image is an image acquired by the first camera lens, the second image is from the second camera lens, and the second image corresponds to a central area of an image acquired by the second camera lens; and the first image is located in a first area in the preview interface, and the second image is located in a second area in the preview interface; starting video recording after detecting a video recording instruction operation of a user; and displaying a shooting screen, where the shooting screen includes the first area and the second area.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are an image exposure method and device for an unmanned aerial vehicle, and an unmanned aerial vehicle. The method comprises: firstly, acquiring the original image information about a target object, then obtaining the weighted image information according to the original image information, further obtaining the compensation amount of an automatic exposure according to the weighted image information, and finally adjusting an automatic exposure strategy according to the compensation amount of the automatic exposure. The method prevents an unmanned aerial vehicle from easily losing a target during the process of the unmanned aerial vehicle automatically following a moving object, even when encountering a change in light and shadow.

Abstract: Speckle removal in a pulsed hyperspectral, fluorescence, and laser mapping imaging system is described. A system includes a coherent light source for emitting pulses of coherent light, a fiber optic bundle connected to the coherent light source, and a vibrating mechanism attached to the fiber optic bundle. The system includes and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of coherent light emitted by the coherent light source comprises one or more of a hyperspectral emission, a fluorescence emission, or a laser mapping pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a sensor configured to capture a subject, a photometric unit configured to perform photometry using at least either a first image, or a second image intended for recording, both of which are captured using the sensor, a determination unit configured to determine exposure of the second image to be captured next, based on a result of photometry performed using the image that is less affected by flicker among the first image and the second image, wherein the first image and the second image can be displayed on a display device during continuous shooting using the sensor.

Abstract: A system and a method for processing an image. The system comprises an image gateway arranged to receive an input image showing a scene composed by a combination of a plurality of image portions of the input image, wherein one or more of the plurality of image portions is associated with an exposure level deviated from an optimal exposure level; and an enhancement engine arranged to process the input image by applying an exposure/image relationship to the input image, wherein the exposure/image relationship is arranged to adjust the exposure level of each of the plurality of image portions towards the optimal exposure level; and to generate an enhanced image showing a visual representation of the scene composed by a combination of the plurality of image portions of the input image with an adjusted exposure level.

Abstract: There is provided a system for imaging of a scene, comprising: at least one short wave infrared (SWIR) illumination element that generates SWIR illumination at a SWIR wavelength range, at least one filter that filters out electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths which are mostly non-absorbed by water vapor in air depicted in the scene, and at least one SWIR sensor that captures the SWIR illumination of the SWIR wavelength range which is passed by the at least one filter and generates at least one SWIR image of the scene.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining an image, where the image includes one or more frames. The method also includes performing multi-frame processing, image signal processing, and image processing on the image to produce a processed image. The method further includes applying a chroma suppression to the processed image. The chroma suppression is configured to reduce brightness and color saturation in one or more select areas within the processed image.

Abstract: An electronic device and method are disclosed. The electronic device includes a camera, a memory and at least one processor. The processor implements the method, including: acquiring image data through a camera, partitioning, by at least one processor, the acquired image data into a first region and a second region according to a designated scheme, acquiring a first auto-white-balancing (AWB) parameter of the first region and a second AWB parameter of the second region, and executing AWB on the image data using both the first AWB parameter and the second AWB parameter.

Abstract: Near infrared imaging is highly complementary to colour imaging having a wide range of applications. For example, in health applications, the near infrared can provide biomolecular information on tissue that is not apparent under visual examination nor from the inspection of colour images of tissue. Thus, there is utility in viewing both visible color and near infrared images in combination. Described herein are methods to perform visible and near infrared imaging as well as hybrid visible color and near infrared imaging with a single conventional color filter array RGB sensor. The methods automatically provide spatially co-registered color and near infrared images and the methods can be used as the basis for a multispectral or hyperspectral imaging system.

Abstract: An image capture device is described. The image capture device includes an array of pixels, each pixel including a photodetector. A Bayer pattern color filter is disposed over a 4×4 subset of pixels in the array of pixels. The Bayer pattern color filter defines a first 2×2 subset of pixels sensitive to red light; a second 2×2 subset of pixels sensitive to green light; a third 2×2 subset of pixels sensitive to green light; and a fourth 2×2 subset of pixels sensitive to blue light. A set of 1×1 on-chip lenses (OCLs) includes a different 1×1 OCL disposed over each pixel in the second 2×2 subset of pixels and the third 2×2 subset of pixels. A set of 2×1 OCLs or 2×2 OCLs includes a 2×1 OCL or a 2×2 OCL disposed over each pixel in the first 2×2 subset of pixels and the fourth 2×2 subset of pixels.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a pixel array that outputs a raw image including color pixels and specific pixels, a logic circuit that outputs a first binned image by performing first binning on pixels in a row direction for each unit kernel of the raw image, and a processor that outputs a second binned image by performing second binning on the first binned image. When a unit kernel includes at least one of the specific pixels, a column to which the at least one specific pixel belongs is read out at a readout timing different from a readout timing of a column to which none of the specific pixels belong and undergoes the first binning. The second binning combines a third binned image of the column to which none of the specific pixels belong with a fourth binned image of the column to which the at least one specific pixel belongs.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device (10) includes an imager (11) that acquires image data, a processing unit (14) that performs a process based on a neural network calculation model for data based on the image data acquired from the imager, and a control unit (12) that switches between a first process mode of performing a first process at a first frame rate and, based on a result of the first process, a second process mode of performing a second process at a second frame rate.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes: an imaging device in which photoelectric conversion elements are arranged in an array; a wiring component in which the imaging device is mounted and a power source wiring is provided; connection wirings that connects the power source wiring and the imaging device each other; at least two power supply sources connected to the power source wiring; and at least one power supply source connected to the power source wiring, the power supply sources supply power to the imaging device via the power source wiring and the connection wirings, at a horizontal synchronization frequency of the imaging device, the two power supply sources have lower impedances than the one power supply source, and at least one of the connection wirings is connected to a wiring path connecting the two power supply sources in the power source wiring.

Abstract: An image sensor is disclosed. The image sensor includes a photo detector and a readout structure electronically coupled to the photodetector. The photodetector is configured to accumulate one or more photo charges responsive to one or more incident photons during an integration period. The readout structure is configured to repeatedly and nondestructively assess an amount of minority carrier photo charges accumulated at the photodetector during the integration period.

Abstract: An analogue to digital converter is provided for digital imaging devices, in which a pixel column is sampled by a respective capacitor. In a reset phase of operation, each pixel in the row under consideration is reset, and an operational amplifier operating in a voltage follower mode is coupled to all the sampling capacitors in parallel to obtain the reset values of the pixels sensors of that row, and the in an imaging phase of operation, the inverting input of the operational amplifier operating in a comparator mode is coupled to each capacitor in turn after activating the respective pixel sensor, while exposing the non inverting signal to an analog ramp reference voltage so that the timing of the toggling of the operational amplifier reflects the value of the pixel under consideration, corrected for the reset value.

Abstract: A pixel array including pixels arranged in a matrix shape is provided. The pixels have a same structure and are separated from each other by front deep trench isolation (FDTI). A first pixel among the pixels includes a first floating diffusion region, a first group of photoelectric conversion elements, a first group of charge transfer transistors, a first source follower transistor, and a first transistor, a second transistor, and a first reset transistor connected in series between the first floating diffusion region and a voltage supply line. One of the first transistor, the second transistor, and the first reset transistor is formed in a first sub-pixel region. At least another one of the first transistor, the second transistor, and the first reset transistor is formed in a second sub-pixel region. The first sub-pixel region and the second sub-pixel region are separated from each other by the FDTI.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes a photodiode configured to photogenerate charge in response to reflected modulated light incident upon the photodiode. A first floating diffusion is configured to store a first portion of charge photogenerated in the photodiode. A first transfer transistor is configured to transfer the first portion of charge from the photodiode to the first floating diffusion in response to a first phase signal. A first storage node is configured to store the first portion of charge from the first floating diffusion. A first decoupling circuit has a first output responsive to a first input. The first input is coupled to the first floating diffusion and the first output is coupled to first storage node. A voltage swing at the first output is greater than a voltage swing at the first input.

Abstract: Provided are an image sensor and an image output method and application thereof. The image sensor includes an input circuit, configured to perform a first photoelectric conversion on incident light to generate a photoelectric current in an EVS mode working period, and performs s second photoelectric conversion on the incident light to generate photoelectric charges in an APS mode working period; an EVS circuit configured to output a corresponding event signal according to a difference value between a first voltage corresponding to a photoelectric current and a reference voltage; an APS circuit configured to output a corresponding grayscale signal according to a second voltage corresponding to photoelectric charges; and a control circuit configured to output a corresponding APS image according to the grayscale signal and output a corresponding EVS image according to the event signal.

Abstract: Motion detection in a video signal stream representing a series of rows in one or more image frames includes filtering the video signal stream for one or more features, generating a plurality of masked video signal streams by multiplying the feature video signal stream with a plurality of mask signal streams, which correspond to an image mask region within one or more image frames, determining a value of an intensity-based parameter of the feature in the plurality of mask signal streams, and determining a change in the value of the intensity-based parameter to detect motion over image frames.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments, an electronic device includes a lens part, a driving circuit, an image sensor, a memory, and a processor. The processor may obtain a first image and a second image by using the first group pixels and the second group pixels, generate first correction candidate images based on the first image and the second PSF feature information, generate second correction candidate images based on the second image and the first PSF feature information, identify matching costs between the first correction candidate images and the second correction candidate images in a pixel basis, and determine a depth map corresponding to the matching costs between the first correction candidate images and the second correction candidate images. In addition, certain embodiments understood from the specification are possible.

Abstract: An electronic device, computer program product, and method are provided that automatically focus on meaningful content in an image stream during an instruction-oriented video communication session. The electronic device communicatively connects the electronic device via a network to second electronic device(s) during a video communication session. A controller of the electronic device identifies a person and a writing surface within an image stream from a local image capturing device. In response to determining that the person is attending to the writing surface, the controller communicates to a video communication session a first portion of the image stream that focusses on the writing surface. In response to determining that the person is not attending to the writing surface, the controller communicates to the video communication session via the at least one network interface, a second portion of the image stream that does not focus on the writing surface.

Abstract: Presented herein are techniques for cropping video streams to create an optimized layout in which participants of a meeting are a similar size. A user device receives a plurality of video streams, each video stream including at least one face of a participant participating in a video communication session. Faces in one or more of the plurality of video streams are cropped so that faces in the plurality of video streams are approximately equal in size, to produce a plurality of processed video streams. The plurality of processed video streams are sorted according to video stream widths to produce sorted video streams and the plurality of sorted video streams are distributed for display across a smallest number of rows possible on a display of the user device.

Abstract: A main video acquisition unit acquires main video data including a video area of a shape having a curved portion from a main picture-capturing unit installed at a predetermined position in a moving object. A sub-video acquisition unit acquires sub-video data from sub-picture capturing units installed at different positions in the moving object. A combiner combines video data that is generated on the basis of the sub-video data and has a shape fitting to a free area other than the video area of each frame of the main video data, and arranges the video data in the free area. A file generator generates one moving picture file based on the combined video data.

Abstract: There is provided an image processing apparatus which comprises one or more memories storing instructions, and one or more processors executing the instructions to acquire information for identifying, based on a first image and a second image, a first object facing direction representing a direction in which a first object is facing in the first image, and a second object facing direction representing a direction in which a second object is facing in the second image; and to generate a combined image by superimposing at least a part of the first image including the first object on a position, in the second image, determined based on the acquired information.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve a system for capturing infrared (IR) images using an RGB camera. The system captures, by a camera of a client device, a first image comprising a visible light representing a real-world environment. The system receives a strobe signal for capturing an infrared (IR) image by the camera. In response to receiving the strobe signal, the system switches a filter associated with a lens of the camera to pass IR light to an image sensor of the camera, captures a second image comprising IR illumination of the real-world environment, and switches the filter after the second image is captured to allow visible light to pass through to the image sensor of the camera.

Abstract: A sensor module comprising: A sensor chip (5) is provided on an upper surface of the substrate (1). A lens (7) is provided above the sensor chip (5) such that a light receiving unit of the sensor chip (5) is positioned in a projection area. A lens cap (8) includes a cap body (8a) surrounding the sensor chip (5) to hold the lens (7), and a cap edge part (8b) protruding outward from a lower end part of the cap body (8a). An ultraviolet-curing type bonding agent (9) bonds the upper surface of the substrate (1) and a lower surface of the lens cap (8). A cutout (10) is provided on an outer side surface of the cap edge part (8b). The bonding agent (9) enters in the cutout (10).

Abstract: A system and method for simultaneously and continuously capturing video from the interior and exterior of a vehicle. The system includes, for example, a first housing including a first connection mechanism, first and second cameras and a memory disposed in the first housing. The system also includes a second housing including a second connection mechanism adapted to be removably connected to the first connection mechanism of the first housing and encasing said first housing within the second housing. A mounting mechanism is adjustably connected to said second housing and configured to maintain at least one of the first camera and the second camera in a predetermined position by adjusting the second housing. Additional embodiments are also described including a method for capturing data.

Abstract: Embodiments include a modular video recording system. The system includes a first module for supporting a primary input to be recorded. The system may include combinations of modules for supporting different combinations of recording inputs from video and audio sources for recording the received inputs in different combinations.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and software are provided for using an optically-readable code such as a quick-response (QR) code. The optically-readable code may represent a uniform resource identifier (URI) including parameters that represent a query, such as a query for content and/or other data. The query results may be used to command a content consumption device to record or otherwise obtain an item of content. The optically-readable code may additionally or alternatively be determined based upon a status of the device, such as what content, or portion thereof, is currently being displayed, and/or what error condition is being experienced.

Abstract: A video recording method applied to an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a processor configured to execute a program to generate video data. The video recording method includes: monitoring an operating parameter of the processor; setting a first condition; and starting obtaining the video data when the operating parameter meets the first condition. A video recording system is also provided.

Abstract: A video surveillance system comprising a video management system and one or more digital devices, each of the one or more digital devices being configured to emulate at least one physical video camera, and to send video streams and/or video metadata via a computer network to a video-receiving system, wherein the video management system comprises: an input interface for receiving one or more video streams from one or more video cameras and/or other video sources, a processing unit configured to receive one or more input video streams from the input interface, each input video stream corresponding to one of the received video streams, and to store the input video streams in a video repository, and an output interface configured to send, via a computer network, one or more of the input video streams and/or one or more of the stored video streams to one or more of the digital devices.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products for providing a second digital video stream. A first and a second primary digital video stream are collected from at least two different digital video sources. A first produced video stream is produced based on the first and second primary streams. A second stream is produced based on the first produced stream and also based on the first and second primary streams. The first and second primary streams are time-delayed so as to time-synchronise them with the first produced stream, taking into consideration a latency of the first produced stream. The second produced stream is produced based on the time-delayed first and second primary streams.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for permitting a real-time virtual medical examination using a patient device and at least one diagnostic device including receiving, at the patient device, a signal transmitted from the at least one diagnostic device; generating diagnostic information based on the received signal; encrypting the diagnostic information; establishing communication over a network between the patient device and a first remote server; establishing a video conferencing session via a second remote server; and transmitting the encrypted diagnostic information to the first remote server.

Abstract: Methods and systems for three-dimensional video capture are provided. A plurality of cameras (112) attached to a frame (108), each camera (112) configured to generate a three-dimensional array of pixels of a viewing zone of a display (110), may provide the arrays to an interpolator (122) executed by a processor (116) of a device (100). The interpolator (122) may combine the plurality of three-dimensional arrays of pixels from the plurality of cameras (112) into an output three-dimensional array of pixels for rendering locally at a display (110) or transmission to a remote device (102) for rendering at a display (110) of the remote device (102).

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve a system comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing a program and method for in-person participant interaction for a hybrid event. The program and method provide an interface for designing a hybrid event between in-person and virtual participants, the interface for setting first properties of a physical space device present in a physical space, and setting second properties of a virtual room for the virtual participants; receive an indication of first user input setting the first and second properties; and in association with conferencing, configure the physical space device based on the first properties, display the virtual room based on the second properties, the virtual room including a live video feed of the physical space, receive, via a sidecar application accessible by the in-person participants, an indication of second user input for interacting with the physical space device, and provide for interaction based on the second user input.

Abstract: One disclosed example system includes a reception room meeting device configured for establishing a video conference with a device associated with a remote receptionist. The reception room meeting device sends a request for a video meeting with one of a plurality of candidate remote receptionists in response to receiving an activation signal triggered by a visitor to a reception area, and establishes the video meeting with a device associated with one remote receptionist selected based on the request. The system further includes a virtual receptionist system configured to access visitor data obtained by various input devices at the reception area, and determine the status of the visitor based on the visitor data. The virtual receptionist system further transmits the status of the visitor to the device associated with the selected remote receptionist to facilitate the check-in process.

Abstract: A method of building a video surveillance system for object detection and tracking relates to the field of computer vision, and to methods and means of detecting and tracking moving objects, for example, persons. The method consists in special adjustment of each camera of a video surveillance system by means of calibration elements, linking cameras to the location plan, plotting a coordinate match of a coordinate system of a two-dimensional image of each camera with a three-dimensional system of coordinates of a location plan, for example premises; detecting and tracking objects of interest. The method makes it possible to construct motion tracks of objects of interest in the coordinate system of the location plan by means of multicamera surveillance, to analyze the nature of behavior and motion of objects, assess their interaction and individual parameters, as well as to calculate the quantity thereof in location regions of interest.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel animal-shaped wireless baby monitor device. The device is configured to capture video and audio of a baby being monitored and to transmit same to a remote electronic transceiver device. The monitor device includes a pair of flexible ears that can be folded to clamp the device onto a surface such as a crib bar. The device further includes a pair of clamping slots on the rear surface for receiving a clamp for clamping the device to a surface. The device communicates with a device-monitoring software application installed in the electronic device and receive configuration and communication requests from the application. The device can be a part of an Internet of Things (IoT) network.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes an imaging unit configured to image a subject, a transmission unit configured to transmit image data to an external apparatus, a subject search unit configured to automatically search for a subject and detect the subject, a determination unit configured to determine whether to image a found subject, and a control unit configured to control transmission processing for transmitting the image data and imaging processing by the imaging unit not to be performed in parallel, wherein the subject search unit searches for a subject even during transmission of the image data, and wherein, in a case where the determination unit determines to image the found subject while the image data is transmitted, the transmission unit suspends the transmission of the image data, and the imaging unit images the found subject.

Abstract: Provided is a method for transmitting video signals, including: receiving an input video signal provided by a source, wherein the input video signal includes an image signal and a source timing signal; generating a pulse synchronization signal based on the source timing signal and an output frame rate, wherein the output frame rate is a frame rate of outputting the image signal to a display module, and a cycle of the pulse synchronization signal is an integer multiple of a cycle of the source timing signal, and is an integer multiple of a cycle corresponding to the output frame rate; generating an output timing signal based on the pulse synchronization signal; and transmitting an output video signal to the display module, wherein the output video signal includes the image signal and the output timing signal.