Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an insert and system of installing the same. The insert includes a tapered core and a cylinder. The core releasably secures to an installation device which includes a depth stop or a depth control to control the installation depth of the insert. The insert may be provided in a tray that allows for easier handling of the inserts and installation thereof in installation holes, for example in a hydraulic manifold. In some cases, the core includes a threaded hole to releasably secure the insert to the installation device, thus allowing the installation device to pull the core into the cylinder. The core and cylinder may be made of metallic materials such as steels, steel alloys and others. In some cases the insert can withstand blow out pressures of 40,000 psi or higher.

Abstract: A dustproof magazine to be mounted in a nail gun including a muzzle unit includes a magazine body, a nail-pressing member, and a scroll spring connected therebetween. The magazine body includes spaced-apart first and second rail walls extending transverse to the muzzle unit, and disposed respectively distal from and adjacent to the muzzle unit. The nail-pressing member is mounted movably along and between the first and second rail walls, and includes a main body and a scraper set extending therefrom. Movement of the nail-pressing member away from the muzzle unit drives the scroll spring to resiliently convert from a winding state into an unwinding state, where a strip portion of the scroll spring unwinds and extends along the second rail wall. The scraper set is in contact with the strip portion during the movement of the nail-pressing member for scrapping foreign matters off the strip portion.

Abstract: A tool for fastening an insulator to a support, the insulator including an insulator body having a front and back, a formation for supporting a barrier, and at least one mounting formation having a front and a back by which the insulator is attached to a support, the back of the mounting formation in use being proximal to the support, at least one of the at least one mounting formation including at least one passage extending transversely through the mounting formation from the front to the back of the mounting formation, and at least one alignment member, the tool including a driver blade for driving a staple, and at least one passage alignment member, in use the at least one passage alignment member aligning at least one passage of the insulator, with one leg of a staple.

Abstract: A working machine may include a working part, a fan, a motor configured to drive the working part and the fan, a body housing accommodating the fan and the motor and including a battery accommodating part which defines a battery accommodating space and a battery pack accommodated in the battery accommodating part. The battery accommodating part may include an air intake opening for intaking air from inside of the body housing into the battery accommodating space and an air exhaust opening for exhausting air from the battery accommodating space to the inside of the body housing. An air intake tube protruding from the battery accommodating part to the inside of the body housing may be connected to the air intake opening of the battery accommodating part.

Abstract: The hand-held power tool (1) includes a transmission housing (24) for receiving a transmission (23), a motor housing (25) for receiving a motor (5), a bearing plate (28) arranged between the transmission housing (24) and the motor housing (25) for mounting a shaft (21) of the motor (5), at least one first screw (32) which fastens the bearing plate (28) to the motor housing (25), wherein the first screw (32) is not in engagement with the transmission housing (24), and at least one second screw (33) which fastens the transmission housing (24) to the bearing plate (28), wherein the second screw (33) is not in engagement with the motor housing (25).

Abstract: An oscillating power tool has a housing including a handle portion defining a handle axis and a head portion defining an output axis that is perpendicular to the handle axis. The head portion includes a front face intersected by the handle axis. A drive mechanism includes an output shaft configured to oscillate about the output axis in a rotational manner in response receiving torque from a motor. A lighting assembly is configured to illuminate a workpiece in front of the head portion of the housing. The lighting assembly includes a lens arranged on the front face of the housing, a holder coupled to the lens, a plurality of printed circuit boards supported by the holder, and an LED arranged on each of the printed circuit boards. In response to being activated, the LEDs are configured to project a wide-angle beam of light through the lens.

Abstract: A power tool receives a reaction force with an auxiliary handle attached to the power tool. An auxiliary handle attachable to a power tool includes a first arm, a second arm that fastens, together with the first arm, at least a part of the power tool located between the first arm and the second arm, a handle, a grip sensor that detects the handle being gripped with the first arm and the second arm fastening at least the part of the power tool in between, and a signal output unit that outputs, to the power tool, a grip signal indicating that the handle is gripped based on a detection signal from the grip sensor.

Abstract: An adapter is arranged to secure to a rotary device. The adapter includes a handle rotatable about an axis, and a coupler extending from and coaxial with the handle. The coupler is adapted to engage the rotary device via traction elements for simultaneously rotating the rotary device and the handle.

Abstract: Bicycle transport containers include a typically parallelepiped-shaped outer container. Retaining and/or receiving elements are provided inside the outer container for receiving bicycle elements such as bicycle frames, wheels and the like. In order to facilitate the transport of a bicycle transport container, the invention provides rolling elements on a bottom element of the outer container.

Abstract: To provide a robot controller configured to reliably receive data from a robot even when there is a shield. A robot controller receives a signal transmitted by a wireless device mounted to a robot that is a control target. The signal includes data of an operating state of the robot. The robot controller includes: a first receiving unit that receives the signal including the data from the wireless device; a transfer unit that, in a case in which the signal received by the first receiving unit is a signal from other robot not to be controlled, transfers the signal to other robot controller controlling the other robot; a second receiving unit that receives the signal transferred from the other robot controller; and a signal processing unit that processes the signal received by the first receiving unit and/or the signal received by the second receiving unit.

Abstract: In variants, a method for automated experimentation can include: determining experimental constraints, constructing a computational representation of the experiment, optimizing the computational representation subject to the experimental constraints, determining instructions for a laboratory robot based on the optimized computational representation, and/or any other suitable steps.

Abstract: The disclosure provides systems and methods for mitigating slip of a robot appendage. In one aspect, a method for mitigating slip of a robot appendage includes (i) receiving an input from one or more sensors, (ii) determining, based on the received input, an appendage position of the robot appendage, (iii) determining a filter position for the robot appendage, (iv) determining a distance between the appendage position and the filter position, (v) determining, based on the distance, a force to apply to the robot appendage, (vi) causing one or more actuators to apply the force to the robot appendage, (vii) determining whether the distance is greater than a threshold distance, and (viii) responsive to determining that the distance is greater than the threshold distance, the control system adjusting the filter position to a position, which is the threshold distance from the appendage position, for use in a next iteration.

Abstract: A rotary-type series elastic actuator (SEA) for use in robotic applications. The SEA including a motor, gear transmission assembly, spring assembly, and sensors. In one example, a robotic joint may include the SEA as well as two links coupled with each other at the joint assembly. The two links may be designated as input and output links. Each link may have a joint housing body which may be concentrically connected via a joint bearing so that they freely rotate against each other. The housing frame of the SEA may be fixed at the joint housing body of the input link while the output mount of the spring assembly of the SEA may be concentrically coupled with the joint housing body of the output link. The rotation of the motor rotor causes the rotation of the output link with respect to the input link plus spring deflection of the spring assembly.

Abstract: A sensor assembly may include: a main body and one or more first proximity sensors. The main body may include a space through which a shaft of a suction apparatus passes is formed. The one or more first proximity sensors may be disposed in the main body, and may be configured to detect the suction portion that is deformed by the negative pressure. The main body may further include a fixture that has a fixed portion that is fixed to the shaft, and a support portion that supports the main body.

Abstract: Modular gripping finger for arrangement on a movable gripper jaw of a gripping device, having at least two rigidly interconnected finger modules, the finger modules including one or more base modules for forming a geometric shape of the gripping finger and including an end module having a gripping surface, the end module including an electrical end module interface and at least one sensor which is or can be connected to the end module interface.

Abstract: A robot includes a first arm, a second arm, and a connector that connects the first arm and the second arm to each other in such a manner as to be rotatable around a vertical axis. The connector includes a columnar-shaped columnar section extending along the vertical axis and a first cover section extending from an outer peripheral surface of the columnar section in a direction intersecting the vertical axis. The second arm includes a main body section connected to the columnar section and a second cover section attached to the first cover section to surround a space in an enclosed state. The space is faced by at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface and a surface of the main body section located toward the first arm.

Abstract: A robot for object manipulation may include sensors, a robot appendage, actuators configured to drive joints of the robot appendage, a planner, and a controller. Object path planning may include determining poses. Object trajectory optimization may include assigning a set of timestamps to the poses, optimizing a cost function based on an inverse kinematic (IK) error, a difference between an estimated required wrench and an actual wrench, and a grasp efficiency, and generating a reference object trajectory based on the optimized cost function. Grasp sequence planning may be model-based or deep reinforcement learning (DRL) policy based. The controller may implement the reference object trajectory and the grasp sequence via the robot appendage and actuators.

Abstract: An information processor calculates, for a robot hand including a plurality of fingers, a gripping pose at which the robot hand grips a target object. The information processor includes a candidate single-finger placement position detector that detects, based on three-dimensional measurement data obtained through three-dimensional measurement of the target object and hand shape data about a shape of the robot hand, candidate placement positions for each of the plurality of fingers of the robot hand, a multi-finger combination searcher that searches for, among the candidate placement positions for each of the plurality of fingers, a combination of candidate placement positions to allow gripping of the target object, and a gripping pose calculator that calculates, based on the combination of candidate placement positions for each of the plurality of fingers, a gripping pose at which the robot hand grips the target object.

Abstract: A model generation apparatus according to one or more embodiments may include: a data obtainer configured to obtain a plurality of learning datasets each including a combination of training data and true data, the training data indicating a positional relationship between two objects, the true data indicating whether the two objects come in contact with each other in the positional relationship; and a machine learning unit configured to train, through machine learning, a determination model using the obtained plurality of learning datasets to cause the determination model to output, in response to an input of training data included in each of the plurality of learning datasets, an output value fitting true data included in a corresponding learning dataset of the plurality of learning datasets.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for controlling the contact force in a single-axis, force-controlled tool responsive to dynamic process variables such as tool orientation relative to the workpiece, curvature of the workpiece wear of the abrasive media and other dynamic process variables that are not otherwise controlled by a single-axis, force-controlled actuator. A control system includes sensors for determining a contact force between the tool and the workpiece along a single-axis of compliance, and one or more additional process parameters, such as an overturning moment on the tool due to the orientation of the workpiece and surface curvature, torque about an axis of rotation of the tool, etc. The control circuit uses the measurement of these additional parameters are used to determine the control force between the tool and the workpiece.

Abstract: A drive unit 10A is configured to exert a driving force on an environment 50 in accordance with a target driving force command ?d, and includes a parameter storage device 30A, a force measuring instrument 35, an admittance model calculation device 31A, and a position control and driving device 33A. The parameter storage device 30A has stored therein dynamics parameters of first and second virtual objects affected by a virtual interactive force ?R. The force measuring instrument 35 is configured to output a measurement result for the driving force as a measured driving force value ?s. The admittance model calculation device 31A is configured to calculate and output a displacement of the first virtual object. The displacement is obtained by calculations based on the stored dynamics parameters, the target driving force command ?d, and the measured driving force value ?s. The position control and driving device 33A is configured to operate in accordance with a target position command.

Abstract: A method and system for robot motion control using a model predictive control (MPC) technique including torque rate control and suppression of end tooling oscillation. An MPC module includes a robot dynamics model which inherently reflects response nonlinearities associated with changes in robot configuration, and an optimization solver having an objective function with a torque rate term and inequality constraints defining bounds on both torque and torque rate. The torque rate control in the MPC module provides an effective means of controlling jerk in robot joints, while accurately modeling robot dynamics as the robot changes configuration during a motion program. End tooling oscillation dynamics may also be included in the MPC objective function and constraints in order to automatically control end tooling vibration in the calculations of the MPC module.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatus for environment-adaptive robotic disinfecting. In an example, provided is a method that can include (i) creating, from digital images, a map of a structure; (ii) identifying a location of a robot in the structure; (iii) segmenting, using a machine learning-based classifying algorithm trained based on object affordance information, the digital images to identify potentially contaminated surfaces within the structure; (iv) creating a map of potentially contaminated surfaces within the structure; (v) calculating a trajectory of movement of the robot to move the robot to a location of a potentially contaminated surface in the potentially contaminated surfaces; and (vi) moving the robot along the trajectory of movement to position a directional decontaminant source adjacent to the potentially contaminated surface. Other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for generating a center of mass (CoM) trajectory includes determining an actual pose of a center of mass (CoM), a pose of a left foot, and a pose of a right pose of a robot; determining a first pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the CoM and the pose of the left foot, and determining a second pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the CoM and the pose of the right foot; and controlling a desired pose of the CoM of the robot to alternately track the pose of the left foot and the pose of the right foot, according to the first pose tracking vector and the second pose tracking vector, so as to generate a desired CoM trajectory of the robot.

Abstract: Improved techniques for examining a plurality of distinct recordings pertaining to user interactions with one or more software applications, where each recording concerns performing at least one task. The examined recordings can be processed such that the recordings can be organized and/or rendered in a consolidated manner which facilitates user's understanding of higher-level operations being performed by the examined recordings to carry out the associated task.

Abstract: A method for collision monitoring of a robot includes ascertaining an actual value of an axis load of at least one axis of the robot and identifying a collision of the robot if a deviation between this actual value and a reference value of the axis load exceeds a threshold value. The threshold value is ascertained as a function of at least one preceding deviation between the actual value and the reference value and/or at least one preceding reference value and/or the reference value, is ascertained as a function of a preceding actual value.

Abstract: Systems and methods applicable, for instance, to pipette robots. A pipette robot can perform one or more tip presence check operations, one or more tip seal check operations, and/or one or more distance sensing operations, including distance sensing operations which regard determining the height of the surface of a liquid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for identifying a robot end effector in a processing environment may utilize one or more sensors for digitally recording visual information and providing that information to an industrial workflow. The sensor(s) may be positioned to record at least one image of the robot including the end effector. A processor may determine the identity of the end effector from the recorded image(s) and a library or database stored digital models.

Abstract: The article pickup system includes: a camera that is provided in a mobile body capable of moving in an environment where a plurality of articles to be picked up are present and that acquires image data by capturing the plurality of articles; and an article pickup robot that moves in the environment and picks up the plurality of captured articles. The article pickup robot includes: a camera position acquisition unit that detects the camera and then acquires position information of the camera; an article position specification unit that specifies positions of the plurality of articles based on the position information of the camera; a mobile unit that moves to the specified positions; and a pickup unit that picks up the plurality of articles at the positions to which the mobile unit has moved.

Abstract: A control apparatus according to one or more embodiments generates poses of the measurement device to measure an object, determines, for the measurement device, a measurement path including the poses to cause the measurement device to move along the measurement path including the poses and to measure the object, instructs the robot to move the measurement device along a movement path including the measurement path and instructs the measurement device to measure the object in the poses, recognizes the object using obtained measurement data, and determines the measurement path for the measurement device for a next operating cycle.

Abstract: The present invention is a multi-purpose utility cutter apparatus having two body members rotatably connected at a pivot point to form two jaw portions and two handles, with at least one of the jaw portions formed with a blade holding mechanism.

Abstract: A cartridge for a razor comprises a plurality of blade supports, wherein at least one blade support further comprises a blade attached to an inner surface of the at least one blade support that faces away from a shaving surface, wherein the at least one blade support comprises a first optical feature disposed on a portion of an outer surface of the at least one blade support that faces towards the shaving surface, and wherein the first optical feature is a first thermochromic portion configured to change colour based on a temperature of the at least one blade support according to a first temperature response of the first thermochromic portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a manual food-slicing apparatus, comprising: a blade-supporting base; a cutting disk rotatably mounted to the blade-supporting base and comprising a plurality of cutting teeth disposed on an outer periphery thereof; and a food-guiding platform comprising a food-facing surface; wherein the food-guiding platform is pivotably mounted to the blade-supporting base to configure the food-slicing apparatus into a cutting configuration in which the food-facing surface of the food-guiding platform is substantially perpendicular to a cutting plane defined by the cutting teeth and a storage configuration in which the food-facing surface of the food-guiding platform is substantially parallel to the cutting plane. It also concerns a corresponding method.

Abstract: A machine and method for reducing giveaway material on mint products. The machine may include a conveying assembly for conveying a plurality of mints products to be processed. The machine may also include a processing assembly for processing at least one given mint product at a time, so as to remove an amount of giveaway material from each one of the mint products. The machine may also include a recuperating assembly for recuperating mint products having being processed.

Abstract: A slicing machine includes an upper housing having feeder tube(s). A motor-driven cutting plate is horizontally attached beneath the upper housing for rotation and positioned to perpendicularly receive elongate food article(s) from the feeder tube(s) at a respective position offset from a center of rotation of the cutting plate. Reverse involute cutting blade(s) attached to the cutting plate that slices the elongate food article and having a cutting edge with an upward bevel. A curved slot formed through the cutting plate beneath the cutting edge to receive slices of the elongate food article. A base housing positioned below the upper housing has a turntable that supports a food substrate that receives the slices of the elongate food article.

Abstract: Provided is a cutting method of cutting a workpiece by using a cutting apparatus including a chuck table configured to hold the workpiece and a cutting unit having a cutting blade configured to cut the workpiece held by the chuck table and an ultrasonic vibrator configured to ultrasonically vibrate the cutting blade in a radial direction of the cutting blade. The cutting method includes a holding step of holding the workpiece by the chuck table, and a cutting step of performing ultrasonic cutting that cuts the workpiece by the cutting blade vibrated ultrasonically and normal cutting that cuts the workpiece by the cutting blade not vibrated ultrasonically on the same cutting line of a plurality of cutting lines set on the workpiece.

Abstract: Clamping assemblies for securing knives to slicing machines, slicing machines equipped therewith, and tools for removing and installing knives on slicing machines. Such a clamping assembly may include a knife holder, a knife supported on a surface of the knife holder, and a clamp that clamps the knife to the knife holder. The clamp has a knife-engaging portion and a base portion. A cam rod applies a clamping load to the clamp to secure the knife to the knife holder. The cam rod has a camming surface that engages the base portion of the clamp when the cam rod is rotated to a clamping position to clamp the knife against the knife holder, and a radial concavity sized to accommodate the base portion of the clamp such that the base portion is loosely received within the radial concavity when the radial concavity faces the clamp in an open position thereof.

Abstract: A refill includes a peripheral wall defining a space capable of accommodating staples therein. The peripheral wall includes a bottom wall having a first side, a second side opposite to the first side, and a third side connecting end portions of the first side and the second side, a first side wall standing from the first side, a second side wall standing from the second side and opposing the first side wall, and a front wall positioned above the third side and connecting the first side wall and the second side wall. A first opening is formed on the first side wall and the front wall to extend across a boundary between the first side wall and the front wall.

Abstract: Provided is a lift table apparatus for log splitting. The lift table apparatus includes a lift frame, a lock pin, a control lever, and a cable. The lift frame is configured to be attached to a beam and a hydraulic cylinder of a log splitter. The lift frame is movable from a vertical position to a horizontal position by the hydraulic cylinder when the hydraulic cylinder is retracted. The lock pin is configured to be attached to the beam and locks the lift frame in the horizontal position. The control lever is configured to be attached to a hydraulic flow control valve of the log splitter. The cable is connected to the lock pin and the control lever. When the control lever is pulled out, the cable pulls the lock pin out to enable the lift frame to be released from the horizontal position and moved to the vertical position.

Abstract: An extrusion molding machine includes: a molding portion having one end and other end, the one end having a die, the other end being connected to an extrusion port of an extrusion portion, the molding portion also including a screen arranged therein. The molding portion includes: at least one first temperature controlling member between the screen and the die, the first temperature controlling member including a plurality of first zones divided in a circumferential direction. Temperatures of the plurality of first zones can be individually controlled.

Abstract: Formwork (1) for the construction of railway platforms, comprising: a container (2) in which building material to be shaped and subjected to hardening for the construction of a railway platform can be compacted; at least one fixed crossbeam (3) located at the bottom of the container (2); at least one movable crossbeam (4) provided with at least one pair of fastening imprints (5) arranged symmetrically and configured to model the material to form a pair of fastening seats apt to position the rails on the railway platform; placed side by side with the fixed crossbeam (3) and defining therewith an impression surface on which said material can be molded for the construction of said railway platform; said movable crossbeam (4) being rotatable and/or translatable with respect to said fixed crossbeam (3), the configuration being such that different rotations and/or translations correspond to different positions in the container (2) of the fastening imprints (5) and different impression surfaces.

Abstract: A plant for the production of slabs from a mixture of agglomerate comprises a station (50) with a mixture distribution unit (52) which pours the mixture onto the inner surface of a slab forming mould (11) present in the station. The mould (11) is provided with a sheet (15) of plastic protective material arranged above the inner surface of the mould and which forms the surface for contact with the mixture which is introduced into the mould by the distribution unit (52). The station comprises air suction means which are coupled/connected to suction ducts (54) which are present in the mould and which emerge with their front end inside the mould in a zone of the mould situated between the inner surface of the mould and the sheet (15), so as to allow the suction of air between the sheet and this inner surface and bring the sheet (15) against this surface by means of a vacuum. A method for the production of slabs is also described.

Abstract: A method for separating a solid-body layer from a donor substrate includes providing a donor substrate having a planar surface, a longitudinal axis orthogonal to the planar surface, and a peripheral surface, and producing modifications within the donor substrate using at least one LASER beam. The at least one LASER beam penetrates the donor substrate via the peripheral surface at an angle not equal to 90° relative to the longitudinal axis of the donor substrate. The method further includes producing a stress-inducing polymer layer on the planar surface of the donor substrate, and producing mechanical stresses in the donor substrate by a thermal treatment of the stress-inducing polymer layer. The mechanical stresses produce a crack for separating the solid-body layer, and wherein the crack propagates along the modifications.

Abstract: A wafer producing method for producing a wafer from a semiconductor ingot includes a thermal stress wave generating step of applying a pulsed laser beam having a wavelength that is absorbable by the semiconductor ingot to the semiconductor ingot held on the chuck table to generate a thermal stress wave and a fracture layer forming step of applying a pulsed laser beam having a wavelength that is transmittable through the semiconductor ingot to the semiconductor ingot in synchronism with a time during which the thermal stress wave reaches a position corresponding to a thickness of a wafer to be produced from the semiconductor ingot, causing the pulsed laser beam whose wavelength is transmittable through the semiconductor ingot to be absorbed in a region where a band gap is reduced by a tensile stress of the thermal stress wave.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for preparing composite material waste, in particular carbon fiber-reinforced waste, comprising a comminuting assembly (2) for the composite material waste, a downstream temperature control zone (3) for controlling the temperature of the comminuted composite material waste, and a forming unit (4) for producing composite material waste compacts. In order to provide companies without recycling facilities, regardless of the type of composite material waste, with a low-cost and environmentally friendly alternative to dumping harmful composite material waste in landfills, it is proposed that the comminuting assembly (2), the temperature control zone (3) and the forming unit (4) are arranged in an at least substantially hermetically sealed and transportable working chamber (1).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a part with a plurality of cut segments includes receiving a sheet of material with a machining apparatus and removing material during one or more first passes with the machining apparatus to form a plurality of segments in the sheet of material. The method also includes forming a tab by removing material during the one or more first passes with the machining apparatus for forming the segments, the tab connecting two segments within the sheet of material to each other and removing material with the machining apparatus to form joints on the segments.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter relates to systems for making an implantable construct comprising a reservoir coupled to the at least one frame; a mandrel base coupled to the at least one frame; a mandrel coupled to the mandrel base; a first mechanism configured to be coupled to the at least one frame and configured to move the at least one frame along a first axis; a second mechanism configured to be coupled to the at least one frame and configured to rotate the least one mandrel base along a second axis between a first orientation and a second orientation; and a container configured to be coupled to the at least one frame and configured to receive the mandrel in the second orientation. The disclosed mechanisms can manually, semi-automatically, or automatically control the movements of the at least one frame, reservoir, mandrel, mandrel base, and container to produce the construct with a lumen. The presently disclosed subject matter also relates to methods for making the construct.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for manufacturing an articular prosthesis implant using a mould comprising a ceramic imprint (1) moved by a piston (2), the ceramic imprint (1) pressing the thermoplastic material introduced into the mould.

Abstract: A mold for use in the production of a ballistic article from a composite laminate stacked material wherein the mold has a sliding sealing section that nests with a outer permitter section and base portion so as to shield the sides of the composite laminate stacked material from applied isostatic pressure applied when in an autoclave. By shielding the sides of the composite laminate stacked material excess resin matrix material can be forced from the composite laminate stacked material to provide a uniform composite article with reduced weight and reduced thickness.

Abstract: A controller for an injection molding system is in communication with a melt flow control unit, a gas assist control unit, and a gas counter pressure control unit. The controller can effect real-time adjustments to gas assist pressure and/or gas counter pressure as a function of melt pressure or flow front position.