Abstract: Provided is an ionic liquid that can be used for semiconductor manufacturing and that has a low metal ion content. This ionic liquid comprises cations and onions and contains, each by not more than 100 ppb, metal ions of 16 elements indicated by the following element symbols: Li, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, K, Ti, Cr, Mu, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, and W.

Abstract: Provided are a heat dissipation molding agent having an excellent heat dissipation property and a heat dissipation film formed using the heat dissipation molding agent. In two different component-type heat dissipation molding agents, various forms of heat dissipation fillers are included in a silicone resin. The heat dissipation fillers are treated to be hydrophobic, and an anti-settling agent is introduced to the heat dissipation molding agent. Accordingly, the miscibility of the heat dissipation fillers is improved and excellent heat dissipation properties are acquired.

Abstract: A body composition comprising: a bulk molded compound (BMC) comprising: one or more thermoset resins; one or more fillers; one or more reinforcements; and one or more binders; a thermally conductive material disposed within the bulk molded compound so that then the body composition as molded into a body the body assists is removing thermal energy.

Abstract: Heat transfer fluids were formulated with a neat solution of a synthetic ester base stock. A base stock prepared with a neat ester according to the invention has similar performance characteristics to commercially available heat transfer fluids.

Abstract: A lubricant composition containing a vegetable oil, a degreasing agent, and a non-ionic surfactant. The vegetable oil may be soybean oil, the degreasing agent may be ethyl lactate, and the non-ionic surfactant may comprise sorbitan esters, polyethoxylated sorbitan esters, or a combination thereof. Also provided is a wellbore servicing fluid containing a base fluid and the lubricant composition containing vegetable oil, degreasing agent, and non-ionic surfactant. Methods of introducing the lubricant composition and wellbore servicing fluids containing the lubricant composition into a subterranean zone (e.g., into a wellbore disposed in a subterranean formation) are also provided.

Abstract: Provided by the present disclosure are a nanoemulsion and method for its preparation, and a high-temperature-resistant, high-density, oil-based well completion fluid and the application thereof. The nanoemulsion comprises a lipophilic alkenyl monomer, a hydrophilic alkenyl monomer, an emulsifier, a cross-linking agent, and water. The high-temperature-resistant, high-density, oil-based completion fluid comprises a base oil, a main emulsifier, an auxiliary emulsifier, an aqueous solution of salt, organic soil, an alkalinity regulator, a filtrate loss reducer, a stabilizer, and a weighting material. The stabilizer comprises the described nanoemulsion.

Abstract: Treatment of hydrocarbon formations using acid blends that contain water soluble polymers having chemical affinity for acid-susceptible rock species in the hydrocarbon formation is described herein. The polymers retard the activity of acid on acid-susceptible species of rock formations.

Abstract: Treatment of hydrocarbon formations using single-phase aqueous acid blends that contain lysine is described herein. The single-phase aqueous fluid includes one or more strong acid molecules and lysine in water, wherein the one or more strong acid molecules are present in a concentration range of 15 wt % to 28 wt %, based on the weight of the aqueous fluid, and lysine is present in a molar ratio of lysine to the one or more strong acid molecules that is from 1:13 to 1:40.

Abstract: Quantum dot ligand, preparation method and quantum dot light-emitting device are provided. The quantum dot ligand has a structural general formula as shown in Formula I, X—Y—Z Formula I; wherein X is a coordination group for forming a coordination bond with a quantum dot body; Z is a dissolving group, and the dissolving group is selected from a polar group; Y includes a linking group and a photosensitive group connected with each other, and the linking group is connected between the coordination group and the photosensitive group; the linking group is selected from an alkylene group; the photosensitive group is capable of undergoing bond breaking under light condition such that the quantum dot ligand decomposes into a first unit including the coordination group and the linking group, and a second unit including the dissolving group, and polarity of the first unit is less than polarity of the second unit.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a compound that has a high refractive index and a low extinction coefficient in a wavelength range of 450 to 750 nm, which is favorably used as a material for a capping layer of an organic EL element. Also, it is another object of the present invention to provide an organic EL element whose light extraction efficiency has been improved by using the compound. The present invention is directed to a compound represented by a general formula (1) or (2) below: where A represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or the like, B and C are optionally the same or different, and represent an unsubstituted naphthyl group, an unsubstituted quinolyl group, or the like, and each L is optionally the same or different, and represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, or the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one light emitting moiety.

Abstract: A quantum dot includes a core including Zn and Se, and a shell composed of ZnS and provided on a surface of the core, adjacently to the core. The quantum dot-emits blue light, is Cd free, and has a particle diameter within a range from 3 nm to 20 nm and a fluorescence lifetime in a thin film state of 50 ns or less.

Abstract: Described herein are piperazine bis-urea and bis-thiourea based inhibitor compounds, methods of inhibiting steel corrosion in the presence of corrosive media comprising introducing said compounds into the corrosive media in contact with the steel, and a synthesis of said compounds.

Abstract: Liquid crystal (LC) media having negative dielectric anisotropy, the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in a display with passive matrix addressing, based on the VA, ECB, FFS or IPS effect, and displays of this type, in particular an energy saving PM-VA display with low duty driving.

Abstract: Aerogel materials, aerogel composites, and the like may be improved by the addition of opacifiers to reduce the radiative component of heat transfer. Such aerogel materials, aerogel composites, and the like may also be treated to impart or improve hydrophobicity. Such aerogel materials and methods of manufacturing the same are described.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an aqueous fire retardant composition, an aqueous fire retardant composition, a method of treating a wood substrate therewith, and a wood product produced therefrom are provided. The method for manufacturing the aqueous fire retardant composition comprises combining a phosphoric acid, an ammonia compound, and a boric acid and contacting the phosphoric acid with the ammonia compound in an aqueous medium to form a reaction product comprising a phosphate salt. The fire retardant composition comprises the reaction product and the aqueous medium.

Abstract: A waste plastic oilification reduction system includes: a main condensation process unit including a main condensing section that has a main condensation tank to which decomposition gas in a main pyrolysis process unit is supplied and a cooling section that cools the main condensation tank, and is configured to condense the decomposition gas to produce recycled oil; a sub-pyrolysis process unit having a sub-pyrolysis tank to which a residual gas component remaining in the main condensation tank is supplied and a heating section that heats the sub-pyrolysis tank, and being configured to heat the residual gas component to produce re-decomposition gas; and a sub-condensation process unit including a sub-condensing section that has a sub-condensation tank to which the re-decomposition gas produced by the sub-pyrolysis process unit is supplied and a cooling section that cools the sub-condensation tank, and is configured to condense the re-decomposition gas to produce the recycled oil.

Abstract: The disclosed technology is a fundamental improvement to existing art for producing valuable products from kerogen ore (oil shale). The disclosure teaches the techniques and benefits of integrating a pyrolysis process with a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. Preferred embodiments are based on the use of pyrolysis products from a pyrolysis reactor as feedstock to an FCC unit; within the FCC unit a mixture of high-purity oxygen and carbon dioxide replaces air for coke combustion. To continuously regenerate the FCC catalyst, a coke-oxidation gas contains from 9 mol % to 35 mol % oxygen and from 50 mol % to 90 mol % carbon dioxide. In various embodiments, carbon dioxide is used in place of nitrogen, or used in place of steam, or both of these replacements. Several process configurations are shown, utilizing different recycle schemes and different distillation strategies, among other options. Many valuable co-products are described, including fuels and chemicals.

Abstract: A method may include: providing bio waste stream wherein the bio waste stream comprises at least one bio waste selected from the group consisting of palm oil mill effluent, soapstock, and combinations thereof; introducing the bio waste effluent stream into a fluidized catalytic cracking unit; contacting the bio waste with a catalyst in the fluidized catalytic cracking unit; and cracking at least a portion of the bio waste stream to form cracked products that comprise a cracked product stream.

Abstract: A system for recovery of heat from a cracked gas product includes a heat exchanger with one or more coiled tube bundles including a mandrel, tubes wound in concentric layers around the mandrel, and tube sheets. The tubes and tube sheets define one or more tube circuits. A cracked gas product is provided to the heat exchanger and flows on a shell side of the exchanger around an outside of the tubes without a substantial change in direction of the cracked gas product. A feed stream and one or more process streams flow inside the tubes, and more specifically, through separate tube circuits. The feed stream and process streams are heated by indirect heat transfer against the cracked gas product, which enables simultaneous heating of separate fluid streams without a convection section. Related methods for heat recovery are also disclosed.

Abstract: Processes and systems for stabilizing the operation of a steam cracker primary fractionator. In some embodiments, the process can include (I) feeding a first steam cracker effluent into a steam cracker primary fractionator. The process can also include (II) feeding a make-up liquid stream into the steam cracker primary fractionator. The process can also include (III) recovering a steam cracker gas oil (“SCGO”) side stream from the steam cracker primary fractionator. The process can also include (IV) recovering a steam cracker tar (“SCT”) stream from a location at and/or in the vicinity of a bottom of the primary fractionator. The make-up liquid stream can include a first hydrocarbon portion and a second hydrocarbon portion. The first hydrocarbon portion can be distributed into the SCGO side stream. The second hydrocarbon portion can be distributed into the SCT stream.

Abstract: A process for converting a hydrocarbon feed includes contacting a hydrocarbon feed with steam in the presence of a cracking catalyst under steam enhanced catalytic cracking conditions. The contacting the hydrocarbon feed with the steam in the presence of the cracking catalyst causes at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feed to undergo steam catalytic cracking reactions to produce a cracked effluent comprising C2 to C4 olefins, C6 to C10 aromatic compounds, or both. The cracking catalyst is a nanoparticle. The nanoparticle has a core and a shell. The core includes at least one zeolite particle, where the at least one zeolite particle includes ZSM-5 zeolites, Beta zeolites, Y-zeolites, or combinations of these zeolites. The shell is mesoporous and incudes silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), or silica and alumina.

Abstract: Processes for producing circular polyalphaolefins and polyalphaolefin-based products from used oils include the steps of introducing a used oil composition, or a feedstock containing a used oil composition and at least one other liquid, fuel, or oil, to a cracking unit to produce ethylene, oligomerizing the ethylene to form desirable normal ?-olefins, oligomerizing the normal ?-olefins into oligomers thereof, and hydrogenating the oligomers to form polyalphaolefins. The polyalphaolefin is mixed with additives and/or other oils to result in a product composition, which can be used in various end-use applications and then recycled into the process. In accordance with International Sustainability and Carbon Certificate standards, the product composition can be defined as circular, bio-circular, or bio- as determined by the mass balance attribution and/or the free attribution approach.

Abstract: The present invention disclosure relates to a method for producing refined hydrocarbons from waste plastics, the method including: a pretreatment process; a pyrolysis process; a lightening process; a dehydration process; a hydrotreating process; and a distillation process. Further, the present invention disclosure relates to a system for producing refined hydrocarbons from waste plastics.

Abstract: A method and associated system for producing refined hydrocarbons from waste plastics. The method and associated system provide for pretreating waste plastics; a producing a pyrolysis gas by introducing the waste plastics pretreated in the pretreatment process into a pyrolysis reactor; producing in a lightening process a pyrolysis oil by introducing the pyrolysis gas into a hot filter; dehydrating a first mixed solution, obtained by mixing the produced pyrolysis oil with washing water and a demulsifier, by applying a voltage to the first mixed solution; hydrotreating a second mixed solution obtained by mixing the dehydrated first mixed solution with a sulfur source to produce a refined pyrolysis oil from which impurities are removed; and coking the refined pyrolysis oil, wherein a liquid condensed in the hot filter is re-introduced into the pyrolysis reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-energy-density slurry fuel, a preparation method, and an application. The high-energy-density slurry fuel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3%-40% of aluminum-based-metal hydride composite fuel; 53.6%-96% of high-density liquid hydrocarbon fuel; 0.2%-2% of anti-settling agent; and 0.2%-5% of other performance regulators, wherein an aluminum-based-metal hydride is a composite material that disperses and distributes a metal hydride inside aluminum powder particles. The high-energy-density slurry fuel may be used as a fuel for an engine such as a ramjet engine or a rocket engine. Compared with the existing liquid fuel, the present high-energy-density slurry fuel has the characteristics of high density (?20° C.>0.

Abstract: A fuel additive for fuel formulations comprising calcium sulfonates in an amount effective to limit or eliminate valve seat recession in engines utilizing such fuel formulations. The fuel additive may also include a detergent, particularly in an amount to enhance the VSR limiting effect of the calcium sulfonates. Also included are fuel formulations containing calcium sulfonates in a concentration effective to limit vale seat recession in engines utilizing the fuel formulations. Methods for treating VSR in piston engines are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to lubricating compositions achieving piston cleanliness pursuant to CEC L-117-20 (VW TDi3) that fail to achieve desired piston cleanliness pursuant to CEC L-078-99 (VW TDi2).

Abstract: A method for pressing a liquid extract out of a material to be pressed. The material to be pressed is supplied to a screw press and is transported along a pressing path in the screw press, and a pressing pressure is applied to the material to be pressed. The screw press is supplied with an extraction agent (e.g., carbon dioxide) which is discharged from the material to be pressed together with the extract. The carbon dioxide is supplied to the screw press in the form of dry ice pellets. The dry ice is mixed with and transported together with the material to be pressed through the screw press along the pressing path. The dry ice is converted into liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide, which dissolves in the extract and reduces the viscosity thereof and which effectively cools the material to be pressed in the screw press.

Abstract: A method for producing a plant-derived solid paraffin and a plant-derived solid paraffin make it possible to reduce the production cost. An alcohol is added to a vegetable oil to obtain a fatty acid ester, and then a solid paraffin is obtained from the fatty acid ester. The fatty acid ester is preferably obtained in the presence of an acid catalyst or a base catalyst. After obtaining the fatty acid ester, the fatty acid ester is preferably cooled to precipitate a solid, followed by separation of the solid to obtain a solid paraffin. The solid paraffin obtained includes a saturated hydrocarbon(s) having an odd number(s) of carbon atoms of C21 to C29 in a proportion of not less than 60%.

Abstract: A process involves sequentially treating a plurality of lipid feedstocks comprising a set of lipid feedstocks each having a chloride content of at least about 2 ppm with a metal oxide catalyst on an oxide support under first treating conditions to produce respective treated streams of the set of lipid feedstocks having a chloride content less than 1 ppm until a given one of the respective treated streams has a chloride content greater than 1 ppm and the metal oxide catalyst is converted to a spent metal oxide catalyst, converting the spent metal oxide catalyst to a rejuvenated metal oxide catalyst, and treating one or more additional lipid feedstocks each having a chloride content of at least about 2 ppm with the rejuvenated metal oxide catalyst under second treating conditions to produce one or more respective treated streams each having a chloride content less than 1 ppm.

Abstract: A wooden wick for use in a wax candle comprising a strip of a predetermined wood having each of a first predetermined length, a first predetermined width and a first predetermined thickness. Such wick further includes a wood booster member having each of a second predetermined length, a second predetermined width and a second predetermined thickness adhered to the strip of wood.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel modified alkoxylated oligoalkylene imines and modified alkoxylated oligoamines obtainable by a process comprising the steps a) to b). According to step a), an oligoalkylene imine with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) lower than 400 g/mol or an oligoamine with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) lower than 400 g/mol as such is reacted with an alkylene oxide (AO) in order to obtain an intermediate (I). Said intermediate (I) is reacted with a lactone and/or a hydroxy carbon acid in step b) in order to obtain the novel modified alkoxylated oligoalkylene imines or modified alkoxylated oligoamines according to the present invention. The present invention further relates to a process as such for preparing such modified alkoxylated oligoalkylene imines or modified alkoxylated oligoamines as well as to the use of such compounds within, for example, cleaning compositions and/or in fabric and home care products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a detergent gel composition. In particular, the invention relates to a packaged detergent gel composition comprising a fatty alcohol ethoxylate; wherein the fatty alcohol ethoxylate has the formula: R—O(CH2CH2O)xH wherein, R is a linear, saturated fatty alcohol, and x is an integer having a value of at least 25; wherein the packaged detergent gel composition further comprises at least one builder selected from the group consisting of hydroxycarboxylates, aminocarboxylates, phosphates, or the salts thereof; and wherein the packaged detergent gel composition further comprises at least one mixed alkoxylate fatty alcohol non-ionic surfactant.

Abstract: Polyester-based comb polymers obtainable by aza-Michael addition of primary monoamines or primary or secondary diamines on diesters from unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and diols, are included in surfactant-containing aqueous detergent solutions in order to prevent the transfer of textile dyes from colored textiles to uncolored textiles or textiles of other colors when washing textiles together in the detergent solutions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cleaning composition, and methods of use and processes thereof. The cleaning composition may be used for cleaning surfaces, such as an exterior of a vehicle. The cleaning composition can interact with rain, or other source of water, to provide cleaning of the surfaces. The cleaning composition can interact with, attach to, or bond to salt, dirt, grime, oils, and the like, on the surface of a vehicle, for example, and can then gently wash the particles away using rain as a rinsing agent. The cleaning composition may include a chelating agent and a surfactant. The cleaning composition may be pH-controlled and can act as a neutralizer to the acidity in rain or other water to provide cleaning of the applied surfaces.

Abstract: Sterile compositions comprising an aqueous carrier and liposomes, wherein a mean diameter and/or zeta potential of the liposomes changes by no more than 20% over the course of 300 days, are described herein; as well as processes for preparing such compositions by subjecting an aqueous composition comprising the aqueous carrier and liposomes to a temperature of over 100° C. Further described are processes for preparing a sterile article of manufacture having lipids attached thereto, by contacting the article of manufacture with an aqueous composition comprising an aqueous carrier and liposomes, and subjecting it to a temperature of over 100° C.; as well as sterile articles of manufacture prepared according to a process described herein. The liposomes comprise a bilayer-forming lipid and a polymeric compound having the formula: wherein m, n, L, X, Y and Z are as defined herein.

Abstract: A foam-rich instant cleaning block, which is calculated according to parts by weight from: 15-25 parts of an alkaline salt; 15-20 parts of a pH buffer regulator; 5-8 parts sodium lauryl sulfate; 28-30 parts sodium lauroyl glutamate; 20-25 parts of a filler; 0.3-0.5 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; 1-2.5 parts of a preservative, 0-0.5 part of a fragrance, and 0-0.1 parts of a pigment. The foam-rich instant cleaning block is a solid block composition which has evenly distributed components, a density of 1.1-1.25 g/cm3, and a compressive strength of 130-180 N/cm2. The product has a simple fabrication process, is convenient to use, and various packaging modes therefor have a preservation effect. The product has a high proportion of cleaning ingredients, and dissolved bath liquid may produce rich and stable foam.

Abstract: Cleaning booster for cleaning dirty laundry is provided, wherein the cleaning booster is of formula (I) wherein b is 2 to 4; wherein x is 0 to 2; wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a C1-22 alkyl group and a —CH2C(?O)R1 group; wherein each R1 is independently of formula (II) wherein the * indicates the point of attachment to formula (I); wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen and a C1-22 alkyl group; wherein each R3 and R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen and a C1-2 alkyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R8 and R9 is a hydrogen in each subunit ?; and wherein ? is 0 to 30.

Abstract: Oligo(?-amino ester)s, obtainable by aza-Michael addition of primary monoamines or primary or secondary diamines to diesters from monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and diols, is included in a surfactant-containing aqueous detergent solutions in order to prevent the transfer of textile dyes from colored textiles to uncolored textiles or textiles of other colors when washing textiles in the detergent solutions.

Abstract: Disclosed are dishwashing detergents containing the components a) 10-90% by weight of at least one builder b) 0.1-20% by weight of at least one bleach activator c) 0.1-20% by weight of at least one non-ionic surfactant d) 5-40% by weight of at least one oxygen-containing bleaching agent e) 0.1-80% by weight of at least one pH regulator, and f) 0.1-5% by weight of at least one sulfonimine as bleaching catalyst, with the proviso that the dishwashing detergent does not contain any anionic surfactant and that the percentages relate to the total amount of the dishwashing detergent. These dishwashing detergents may be used for removing red and/or yellow soiling from bathroom or kitchen articles, preferably from plastic articles.

Abstract: Manufacturers, particularly manufacturers of parts for aerospace applications, may use a plating mask to mask parts when plating. Plating masks may be used to mask a metallic part during etching and plating. After etching and plating, the plating mask needs to be removed. The present disclosure describes a solvent blend for removing a plating mask that comprises a co-solvent and a vapor phase cleaning solvent, wherein the co-solvent has a higher boiling point than the vapor phase cleaning solvent. In some embodiments, the co-solvent comprises isopropyl myristate. In some embodiments, the vapor phase cleaning solvent comprises a mixture of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and hydrofluoroether.

Abstract: A single-use wipe includes a nonwoven fabric, at least one pocket defined within the fabric, the at least one pocket configured to receive at least a portion of a hand of a user of the wipe, and one or more creases defining at least one fold, wherein the wipe is configured to be folded on the one or more creases prior to being inserted into a package. The package is configured to house a burst pod containing a quantity of a fluid such as a cleanser including, for example, glucose oxidase. Prior to removal of the wipe from the package, the burst pod can be ruptured, thereby at least partially saturating the wipe with the cleanser. The then at least partially saturate wipe can be removed from the package, unfolded and used.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique that can improve the balance between a peat flavor and other whisky flavors in a low-ethanol concentration whisky highball beverage. Provided is a whisky highball beverage containing a heavy peat whisky and a non-peat whisky, wherein the ethanol concentration is 4% by volume or less.

Abstract: The invention provides a cell-containing vessel comprising a plurality of neural cell-containing spheroids for which the variation calculated using the calculation method described below is less than 20%, wherein the neural cell-containing spheroids contain a plurality of types of cells including neural cells, Calculation Method Calcium transient assays are conducted for each of a plurality of neural cell-containing spheroids, a number of spontaneous oscillations in a 10-minute period is measured, an average and standard deviation for the number of spontaneous oscillations are calculated, and a variation is calculated using formula (1) below: Variation ? ( % ) = standard ? deviation ? for ? number ? of ? spontaneous ? oscillations / average ? number ? of ? spontaneous ? oscillations × 100.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Biochemical-Level Automatic-screening Smart droplet-TO-micro-hydrogels chip (BLASTO-chip) system for sperm selection. The BLASTO-chip technology advances sperm selection from the primitive morphology level to a more sophisticated biochemical level, and it will not only provide a powerful tool to patients who have fertility problems but also work as a platform for further development of more advanced sperm selection technologies. The present invention also provides a method for improving the success rate of in vitro fertilization in a patient with asthenospermia.

Abstract: A bioreactor system for culturing cells is provided. The system includes a cell culture vessel with at least one interior reservoir for flowing liquid media therethrough. The system also includes a cell culture matrix disposed in the reservoir, the cell culture matrix having a substrate with a polymer base and a polystyrene coating disposed on the polymer base.

Abstract: The preparation of a microstructured scaffold corresponding to a biocompatible membrane-type support material for cell culture, and a composition that includes the microstructured scaffold and cells, in particular photoreceptors. Also, the preparation of an implantable graft for the treatment of diseases of the retinal pigment epithelium and the neural retina.

Abstract: A cell culture bioreactor is disclosed that has a cell culture vessel with an interior reservoir to contain a cell substrate, an inlet fluidly connected to the reservoir, and an outlet fluidly connect to the reservoir. The bioreactor also has a sensor system for measuring impedance within the reservoir. The sensor system includes a pair of electrodes that are spaced apart from each other with at least a portion of the cell substrate disposed between the pair of electrodes. Each electrode of the pair of electrodes includes a plurality of pores to allow at least one of cells and culture media to flow through the electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to the organic growth and phasing design for a system for the industrial growth of biologics. A system may include a number of subsystems, such as a buffer distribution subsystem, a media preparation subsystem, a bioreactor subsystem, a harvest subsystem, and/or a purification subsystem. The subsystems may be highly interconnected for flexible process flow design. Additionally, the subsystems may be constructed with a total output capacity with a total number of equipment stations and operated at a lower output capacity with fewer than the total equipment stations to maintain headroom for growth in phases.