Abstract: Creating a set of manufactured cloth wipers from a set of cut sheets made from a non-woven substrate that has wood-pulp fibers hydroentangled with polyester. Saturating the set of cut sheets to a mixture of a mildew inhibitor and fabric softener and water. Removing water from the cut sheets with a water extractor and then partially drying the cut sheets in a dryer. Optionally, compressing a set of semi-dry cut sheets into a tightly compressed block; and placing the compressed block into a shipping container that allows for additional drying of the compressed block of cut sheets.

Abstract: A square or rectangular hay baler (10) comprises a fore and aft hay bale forming zone, and a cut vegetation pick up and delivery arrangement for delivering cut vegetation to the hay bale forming zone. A compression plunger (19) of the hay baler (10) is movable in the fore and aft direction for compressing cut vegetation into a bale in the hay bale forming zone. A reservoir (23) retains a supply of non-toxic liquid surfactant or lubricant, and a pump (25) is provided for pumping the nontoxic liquid surfactant or lubricant from the reservoir (23) at a supply pressure to one or more discharge outlets (32) in the hay baler (10). Thereby, inwardly facing surfaces in the fore and aft hay bale forming zone are at least partially coated with the non-toxic liquid surfactant or lubricant.

Abstract: A production process monitoring system is used to monitor a set of production parameters in a production process of a plurality of production units that perform parallel production operation. The production units comprise at least one reference production unit and at least one distribution production unit. The reference production unit comprises a first sensor, a second sensor, and a reference control unit. The distribution production unit comprises a second sensor and a distribution controller. The first and second sensors of the reference production unit is configured to monitor a first and second parameters in the production parameters in the reference production unit and output a first and second signals corresponding to the first and second parameters. The second sensor of the distribution production unit is configured to monitor the second parameter in the distribution production unit and output a second parameter distribution signal corresponding to the second parameter.

Abstract: In a method or system to control a temperature of a substrate to be printed to and which exhibits said temperature during a traversal of a printing system, specifically selecting or controlling a fluid temperature of a liquid fluid to be applied onto the substrate to specifically influence the substrate temperature, the fluid being applied onto the substrate before the substrate is printed to. At least one of the fluid temperature and a quantity of the fluid applied onto the substrate per time unit at least depending on at least one of a first measurement value for a temperature of the substrate before the application of the fluid and a second measurement value for a surface temperature of the substrate after the application of the fluid.

Abstract: The cushioning-material surface layer 11a includes a resin layer 12 disposed on one side of the surface layer 11a to cover the side thereof, a rubber layer 13 disposed on the other side of the surface layer 11a to cover the side thereof, and a woven fabric layer 14 disposed between the resin layer 12 and rubber layer 13 and including bulked yarns for at least one of warp and weft. The woven fabric layer 14 includes a woven fabric-resin composite layer 17 disposed on the resin layer 12 side and formed by impregnating part of the woven fabric with resin that forms the resin layer 12, and a woven fabric-rubber composite layer 18 disposed on the rubber layer 13 side and formed by impregnating part of the woven fabric with rubber that forms the rubber layer 13. The woven fabric layer 14 includes interstices 20 therein.

Abstract: A steam distributor includes a front screen equipped with steam perforations wherein the output area of at least some of the perforations can be adjusted to enable active control of the steam jet velocity. The steam velocity can be controlled independently of steam flow. The front screen is includes (i) a first plate that has a first set of apertures and (ii) a second plate that has a second set of apertures, wherein the second plate covers the first plate, and wherein the means fir varying the size of at least one of the perforations moves the first plate, the second plate, or both the first and the second plates in order to change the position of the first set of apertures relative to the second set of apertures.

Abstract: A method for modernizing a existing multiroll calender, having at least one stack of calender rolls (10, 20), each stack comprising at least two calender rolls (11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24) and at least one of the calender rolls being a smooth-surfaced press-roll (12, 22). In an existing multiroll calender the smooth-surfaced press roll (12, 22) is replaced by an ultra thermo roll that is a thermo roll with a diameter substantially the same or less than the thermo roll to be replaced, so that the surface temperature of the ultra thermo roll when heated is at least 110° C., and has at least 10° C. higher than the surface temperature of the existing roll with the same heating fluid temperature and having flow channels arranged in such a way that vibration excitation is minimized, by being arranged to form a spiral geometry in the mantle.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relate to a system for monitoring the temperature and adjusting a densifier having a compression screw. The system may include at least one temperature sensor adapted to monitor the temperature of or adjacent to the compression screw and a control system in electrical communication with a motor and the at least one temperature sensor and adapted to vary a speed or stop the compression screw based on input from the at least one temperature sensor.

Abstract: A containment element for a pressure containment assembly, comprising mullite or a polymorph of mullite.

Abstract: A method to process cellulosic material in a treatment vessel including: introducing the cellulosic material to a processing chamber of the vessel; adding heat energy or pressure to the vessel to hydrolyze the cellulosic material in the processing chamber and dissolve hemi-cellulosic from the cellulosic material; compressing the cellulosic material in the processing chamber; extracting the dissolved hemi-cellulosic material through a screen from the processing section; draining the extracted hemi-cellulosic material from the vessel; and discharging the cellulosic material from the vessel separately from the extracted hemi-cellulosic material.

Abstract: A system and method for rapid cooling a hot isostatic press including a pressure container. The pressure container has an internal load space and includes insulation disposed at least partially around the load space, heating elements disposed inside the insulation, and a load disposed on a load bearing plate. Fluid is directed into the load space of a pressure container using at least one nozzle to form a rotational flow. The fluid from the at least one nozzle is mixed as it passes through the rotational flow near the insulation with fluid near the load. The fluid from the at least one nozzle has a lower temperature than the fluid in the load space and/or the load.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for densification of material compresses the material, then heats and cools the compressed material to provide structural integrity and durability to the resultant densified product. For a lignocellulosic biomass material an inherent binder is used. The binder is activated substantially only along the periphery of the compressed material to increase throughput and reduce energy used during the densification process.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for the hydrolyzation of ensiled biomass is disclosed. Ensiled biomass is processed in multiple phases, resulting in a liquid precursor hydrozate and a solid precursor hydrozate. The liquid precursor having significant economic value, and being suitable for uses such as, for example, lower cost and improved efficiency ethanol production. A method for lower cost, improved efficiency alcohol production that uses the resulting liquid precursor hydrozate being produced at distributed sources is further disclosed.

Abstract: This invention concerns a press and a method in particular for the forming of finished articles, such as containers or trays of paper and starting from a moisturized sheet. The press comprises a bedplate (18) having a fixed die holder plane (19) holding a head (20) with a moving die-holder plane (21) movable with regards to the fixed plane between an opening and a closing position. A lower die (22) is attached to the fixed die holder plane, whereas an upper die (23) is attached to the moving die-holder plane. The moving die-holder plane is powered by an electric actuator (29) for the opening and closing movements and the half-dies are provided with heating means for the drying and hardening of the paper in a set closed position. The moving die-holder plane can be slowed down or stopped during its stroke to allow for the drying of the paper.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to the manufacture of a battery cell. The battery cell includes a set of layers including a cathode with an active coating, a separator, and an anode with an active coating. The battery cell also includes a pouch enclosing the layers, wherein the pouch is flexible. The layers may be wound to create a jelly roll prior to sealing the layers in the flexible pouch. The stiffness of the battery cell may be increased by applying a pressure of at least 0.13 kilogram-force (kgf) per square millimeter and a temperature of about 85° C. to the layers.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a cell assembly for use in a high-pressure cubic press comprises a substantially tubular heating element including a proximal end region having a proximal mouth, a distal end region having a distal mouth spaced from the proximal mouth, and a passageway extending between the proximal mouth and the distal mouth configured to receive at least partially receive at least one can assembly therein. A pressure transmitting medium extends about at least the substantially tubular heating element. A proximal electrical contact electrically contacts the substantially tubular heating element at the proximal end region thereof. A distal electrical contact electrically contacts the substantially tubular heating element at the distal end region thereof. A gasket medium defines a receiving space that receives at least the substantially tubular heating element and the pressure transmitting medium.

Abstract: A biomass harvester compressor system for efficiently harvesting and compacting biomass. The biomass harvester compressor system generally includes a harvester for harvesting a biomass crop and a compressor following behind the harvester for being fed the harvested biomass crop. The compressor includes at least one compacting device for compacting the biomass, at least one freezing assembly for freezing the biomass and at least one cutting mechanism for cutting the biomass after the freezing.

Abstract: Methods for providing pharmaceutical compositions and objects with identification regions and identification features which are difficult to detect. Microlithography, nanolithography, and stamping methods are used. The identification features can be positive protrusions or negative indentations with respect to the surface. The identification regions can comprise bar codes and holograms. DPN printing or other lithographies such as electron beam lithography, optical lithography, or nanoimprint lithography can be used to prepare stamps, which are then used to prepare the identification features. Redundant patterns can be formed. The invention is useful for counterfeit prevention. An apparatus for stamping the identification features is also described.

Abstract: A method of treating textiles is disclosed. In an embodiment the method involves applying a liquid combination comprising ethoxylated starch, silicon dioxide, and water to damp textiles, allowing the liquid combination to contact the textiles for a discrete amount of time before draining excess liquid from the textiles, and pressing the textiles using heat. The method of the invention reduces sticking and gumming of the starch on a pressing device such as an iron.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a mulching sheet which easy to biodegrade and can be produced at a low cost. A cotton waste sheet is prepared with randomly accumulated cotton waste and impurities selected from a group consisting of cottonseeds, stems, leaves and calyxes of cotton tree. Water is sprayed to the cotton waste sheet. Thereafter, the cotton waste sheet is passed between a pair of calender rolls each taking a form of a japanese drum, while being heated, to press the cotton waste sheet in the thickness direction. The cotton waste is thereby closed, and the obtained mulching sheet has a high tensile strength. Furthermore, the impurities in the cotton waste sheet are crushed or flatted. The mulching sheet is a mixture of parts made of flatted impurities and parts made of cotton waste.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for conversion of cellulosic material, such as chopped straw and corn stover, and household waste, to ethanol and other products. The cellulosic material is subjected to continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment without addition of chemicals, and a liquid and a fiber fraction are produced. The fiber fraction is subjected to enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification. The method of the present invention comprises: performing the hydrothermal pre-treatment by subjecting the cellulosic material to at least one soaking operation, and conveying the cellulosic material through at least one pressurized reactor, and subjecting the cellulosic material to at least one pressing operation, creating a fiber fraction and a liquid fraction; selecting the temperature and residence time for the hydrothermal pretreatment, so that the fibrous structure of the feedstock is maintained and at least 80% of the lignin is maintained in the fiber fraction.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a cell assembly for use in a high-pressure cubic press comprises a substantially tubular heating element including a proximal end region having a proximal mouth, a distal end region having a distal mouth spaced from the proximal mouth, and a passageway extending between the proximal mouth and the distal mouth configured to receive at least partially receive at least one can assembly therein. The at least one can assembly may hold a plurality of diamond particles positioned adjacent to a substrate. A pressure transmitting medium extends about at least the substantially tubular heating element. A proximal electrical contact electrically contacts the substantially tubular heating element at the proximal end region thereof and does not extend over the proximal mouth thereof. A distal electrical contact electrically contacts the substantially tubular heating element at the distal end region thereof and does not extend over the distal mouth thereof.

Abstract: A method for production of a membrane/electrode unit for a fuel cell is disclosed. The conducting polymer membrane is compressed with two electrodes until a given compression is achieved. The method permits an increase in resting voltage of the membrane/electrode unit in use, the amount of damage during production is reduced, and a constant thickness within a production run is achieved.

Abstract: Methods for providing pharmaceutical compositions and objects with identification regions and identification features which are difficult to detect. Microlithography, nanolithography, and stamping methods are used. The identification features can be positive protrusions or negative indentations with respect to the surface. The identification regions can comprise bar codes and holograms. DPN printing or other lithographies such as electron beam lithography, optical lithography, or nanoimprint lithography can be used to prepare stamps, which are then used to prepare the identification features. Redundant patterns can be formed. The invention is useful for counterfeit prevention. An apparatus for stamping the identification features is also described.

Abstract: A hot-press cushioning member 11a is configured so that an amount of compressed thickness deformation (a) is obtained by subtracting a compressed thickness (H2) of the hot-press cushioning member under a predetermined press-forming pressure from an initial thickness (H1), an amount of restored thickness deformation (b) is obtained by subtracting the compressed thickness (H2) from an uncompressed thickness (H3) of the hot-press cushioning member with the press-forming pressure released, and the (a:b) ratio ranges from 1:1 to 1:0.8.

Abstract: The invention provides, with a simple technique, a jig for reliably stemming one or a plurality of flow paths and/or a portion of reaction fields continuously provided in a reaction chip, and for making the flow paths and/or reaction fields independent, and a reaction ship processing apparatus.

Abstract: A brake lining comprises a lining support plate, an underlayer material and a friction lining. The brake lining is clamped between a pressure plate and a holding fixture, which forms a hole matrix and inside of which electrodes are accommodated. A power supply is connected to the electrodes. The adjacent electrodes have different polarities. A current flow is produced between adjacent electrodes as a result of the different polarities. The field lines extend in the shape of an arch. An arrangement of this type permits the friction lining to be scorched. For hardening, a potential gradient can also be applied between the electrodes and the support plate. The current then flows and the entire friction lining is permeated. This results in a homogenous heating of the friction lining. The invention enables an efficient hardening of the friction lining. It is also possible to conduct a hardening and scorching simultaneously. The invention also enables the friction lining to be pressed during the heat treatment.

Abstract: There is described a method and apparatus for applying steam from a steam source to a moving web to thereby improve the smoothness and gloss of the web. A housing has at least one cooling chamber upstream and at least one steam chamber downstream. The cooling air in the cooling chamber is used to cool the web before steam is applied to the web from the steam chamber. This allows a sufficient volume of steam to be delivered to the web to thereby raise its moisture content to a desired level to thus achieve optimized calendering of the web.

Abstract: A pressure-heating apparatus includes: a stage configured to place an object to be pressure-heated thereon; a pressure-heating head arranged to oppose to the stage; and a pressure drive mechanism configured to movably support the pressure-heating head relative to said stage. The pressure-heating head includes: a plurality of pressure-heating tools; a holder configured to independently accommodate each of the pressure-heating tools; a single heater block configured to contact with ends of the pressure-heating tools to transmit a heat; and a plurality of supporters configured to independently and movably support the pressure-heating tools relative to the holder, respectively.

Abstract: A specimen holder for a high-pressure freezing device comprises a first shaped part (2) and a second shaped part (3) that form, in the mutually joined state, a specimen space (6). The first shaped part (2) is embodied in a cup shape, and possesses a bottom (5) that closes off the specimen chamber (6) toward the outside to prevent contact between the specimen and a pressure medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a device for preparing a glued bio-based panel product test-piece suitable for undertaking an internal bond strength test, the device comprising a base 2, and a press plate 3 and an actuator 4 capable of moving the press plate 3 towards the base 2 with a specific pressure, allowing the bonding of at least one plate to the bio-based panel sample.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of manufacturing a Ni-based superalloy component for a gas turbine using a one-step process of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and heat treatment, and a component manufactured by the method. In the method, an HIP process and a heat treatment process, which have been performed to manufacture or repair a Ni-based superalloy component for a gas turbine, are performed as a one-step process using an HIP apparatus. Thus, component defects, such as micropores and microcracks, which are generated when casting, welding, or brazing the Ni-based superalloy component for a gas turbine used for a combined cycle thermal power plant or airplane, can be cured using an HIP apparatus at high temperature and high pressure and, at the same time, the physical properties of the Ni-based superalloy component can be optimized using the heat treatment process.

Abstract: A fuel cell (stack or a single cell) includes a cell module to which an aging process that progresses initial creep has been applied such that creep during use is reduced compared with a cell module to which the aging process has not been applied. A manufacturing method of a fuel cell (stack or a single cell) includes an aging step for progressing through initial creep by applying at least a compression load to a cell module.

Abstract: A composite fabrication apparatus which may include a first tooling die and a second tooling die movable with respect to each other; a temperature control system having induction coils disposed in thermal contact with the first tooling die and the second tooling die; a first die susceptor provided on the first tooling die and a second die susceptor provided on the second tooling die and connected to the induction coils; and a cooling system disposed in thermal contact with the first tooling die and the second tooling die. A resin transfer system delivers resin from a resin source to the tooling dies to allow resin transfer molding. A composite fabrication method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A composite fabrication apparatus which may include a first tooling die and a second tooling die movable with respect to each other; a thermal control system having induction coils disposed in thermal contact with the first tooling die and the second tooling die; a first die susceptor provided on the first tooling die and a second die susceptor provided on the second tooling die and connected to the induction coils; and a cooling system disposed in thermal contact with the first tooling die and the second tooling die. A composite fabrication method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for rapid cooling a hot isostatic press including a pressure container. The pressure container has an internal load space and includes insulation disposed at least partially around the load space, heating elements disposed inside the insulation, and a load disposed on a load bearing plate. Fluid is directed into the load space of a pressure container using at least one nozzle to form a rotational flow. The fluid from the at least one nozzle is mixed as it passes through the rotational flow near the insulation with fluid near the load. The fluid from the at least one nozzle has a lower temperature than the fluid in the load space and/or the load.

Abstract: A mixing vessel contains a septum, dividing a first chamber from a second chamber. By relatively moving the septum with respect to the ends of the vessel, and flowing a fluid through the septum, the fluid is treated as it moves from the first chamber to the second chamber. The particular configuration of the septum allows for treatments such as mixing, reacting, heating, and cooling, as well as filtering of the fluid.

Abstract: The moisture profile and/or moisture gradient of a paper web of at least SC quality paper is controlled in a paper machine comprising a calender (1) which has at least two roll stacks (21, 22; 31, 32), one stack has at least three rolls and another has at least five rolls. The web is moisturized to a desired pre-moisture content M1 by a pre-moisturizer (7) before the calender. At least one intermediate moisturizer (3) is arranged between two roll stacks moisturizes the web to a desired intermediate moisture content M2 before the last roll stack (31, 32), in which the web is dried to a desired final moisture value M3. For continuously controlling and optimizing the moisture profile and/or moisture gradient of the web, the pre-moisturizing W1 of the web is controlled by a pre-moisturizer (7) control parameter which corresponds to the final moisture value M3 of the web.

Abstract: A disposable wooden utensil includes a handle having a distal end and an opposite neck end. A load-engaging member extends cantilevered from the neck end in generally coplanar alignment with the handle so as to form a neck between the handle and the load-engaging member. A raised dorsal ridge is formed substantially medially along the handle and extends substantially along the load-engaging member.

Abstract: A binding device includes an L-shaped frame including two uprights, a crossbar-shaped platen interconnecting the upright, a central screw having a bottom end secured to the platen, and a rectangular table having two rear corners secured to bottoms of the uprights; a base including two arcuate openings each formed along an edge of an upper portion of the side, and two adjustment knobs secured to both sides of the table proximate a front end of the table; and a heater releasably secured to a rear end of the table and a vertical section of the frame and including a front heating area. The adjustment knobs are adapted to slide in a range defined by two ends of the opening. The platen is adapted to lift and lower by operating the screw and press one or more books to be bound on the table. A book binding method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A paper web moistened in a paper machine and reeled on a machine reel is calendered in a multinip calender arranged apart from the paper machine, whose roll assembly is formed of a first set of rolls and a second set of rolls in the travel direction of the paper web. At least one surface of the paper web is moistened with at least one pre-moisturizer, whereafter the paper web is guided to the first calender nip of the first set of rolls and one surface of the paper web is moistened with at least one intermediate moisturizer, whereafter the paper web is guided to the first calender nip of the second set of rolls, wherein a paper web having a roughness of 1.0-1.1 ?m and/or gloss of 54-57% or 56-60% is produced as a result of calendering.

Abstract: The invention pertains to two dimensional structures in particular grid like structures and to three dimensional structures in particular truss-like structures. The invention furthermore pertains to a process that allows production of these structures in a cheap and simple way. A grid like structure can be obtained by a roll press forming process wherein a quantity of the material is deposited into the nip between a first and second counter rotating roll and the material is pressed between the two rolls. The two counter rotating rolls comprise grooves substantially parallel to each other and the grooves on the first and second roll cross each other when the rolls counter rotate.

Abstract: Calender and process for operating calender depending upon a desired surface quality, in which calender includes a plurality of nips located between end nips formed by replaceable rolls and end rolls. Process includes selectively guiding a web though several nips of calender and at least one end nip of calender, and when the web is selectively guided through the at least one end nip, selectively replacing the replaceable roll with one of a hard and a soft roll to form the at least one end nip with a hard roll and a soft roll or with two soft rolls. The replaceable roll being connectable to a temperature control device operated with a tempering capacity that depends on the type of the replaced roll. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A press and a method to laminate board-shaped work pieces via pressure and heat is provided. The press includes an upper press table 1 having an upper press plate 7 and a lower press table 2 having a lower press plate 10, and the upper and/or the lower press plate can be heated. The press further includes a one or two-part encircling gasket 16, 17, arranged at the upper press table 1 or the upper press plate 7 and/or the lower press table 2 to form a vacuum pressure chamber when the press is closed, an actuator 4 to open and close the press, as well as a vacuum source connection to evacuate the vacuum chamber formed by the seal 16, 17. According to the invention the lower press plate 10 can be raised in reference to the lower press table 2 and is arranged such that a work piece 6 located in the press initially does not contact the heated press plate 7, 10 when the vacuum pressure chamber is closed.

Abstract: A method for pre-calendering a board web is provided and comprises passing the board web in a pre-calendering process through at least one hard nip, formed by a metal roll and a counter roll, and through at least one long nip, formed by a thermo roll and a long-nip roll or a long-nip belt assembly. The surface of the board web is moistened with water prior to the board web passing through the at least one hard nip.

Abstract: There is described a method and apparatus for applying steam from a steam source to a moving web to thereby improve the smoothness and gloss of the web. A housing has at least one cooling chamber upstream and at least one steam chamber downstream. The cooling air in the cooling chamber is used to cool the web before steam is applied to the web from the steam chamber. This allows a sufficient volume of steam to be delivered to the web to thereby raise its moisture content to a desired level to thus achieve optimized calendering of the web.

Abstract: A heat sealer having a heated platen, a cylinder for reciprocating the platen, a die positioned to be engaged by the platen and a shuttle supporting the die to move the die from a platen-engaging position to a non-engaging position, and a control for controlling the temperature of the platen and the force applied to the platen against the die by the cylinder. The invention also includes a temperature sensor for sensing the surface temperature of the platen and a load sensor for sensing the force applied by the platen to the die. In one embodiment, the temperature sensor is an infrared temperature sensor that reads the surface temperature of the platen and the load sensor is a load cell positioned beneath the die and supporting the die so that the load sensors can measure the direct force applied by the platen against the die. Also, in one embodiment, the infrared sensor is positioned beneath the die so that it can read the platen temperature when the die is displaced to the non-engaging position.

Abstract: A method to produce a decay resistant and weatherproof wooden product (11) and to its qualities like hardwood, for instance teak, in compressing and heating wood block (1) into a wanted shape. In the method a dried wood block (1) is compressed at least in one direction and the compressed wood block (1 kept in compressed shape, for instance between walls (6); (7), and shifted into a heating chamber, which to its cross-section is a closed chamber of predetermined shape and free from oxygen, whereby still in the said chamber the temperature of timber block (11) is quickly raised to 210–390° C. and the timber block kept tight under controlled compression in each direction and that the timber block (11), still under compression, is quickly and controllably cooled, for instance placing it in a space between cooling walls (8).

Abstract: A paper web is calendered by passing the paper web through a nip formed by a heatable thermo roll and a backing roll. The surface temperature of the thermo roll is above the glass transition range of the paper.

Abstract: A pair of laminated panels are simultaneously manufactured in a single panel press. A thermal band is stacked between two panel sets and then the two panel sets are simultaneously heated and compressed together in a common stack with the band, with the band being separately heated.