Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment, a mower-conditioner may include first and second conditioning rolls, at least one eccentric, and a linkage having a lever. The first and second conditioning rolls are spaced apart a distance. The at least one eccentric is coupled to the mower-conditioner. The lever is coupled between the eccentric assembly and the first conditioning roll. The rotation of the at least one eccentric about a pivot axis causes the first conditioning roll to move via the lever, which adjusts the distance between the first and second conditioning rolls.

Abstract: A vehicle storage compartment is provided herein. The vehicle storage compartment includes first and second vertical members coupled to a first edge portion of a base and connected by a cross member. The first and second vertical members and the cross member define an aperture accessible from a vehicle-rearward location. The vehicle storage compartment includes a removable floor positioned on base.

Abstract: An attaching device includes: a first attaching roller, a second attaching roller, a first distance measurement instrument, and a second distance measurement instrument. The first distance measurement instrument is to measure a distance between a first position of the first attaching roller and a second position of the second attaching roller. The second distance measurement instrument is to measure a distance between a third position of the first attaching roller and a fourth position of the second attaching roller. A straight line defined by the first position and the third position is parallel to an axial line of the first attaching roller, and a straight line defined by the second position and the fourth position is parallel to an axial line of the second attaching roller.

Abstract: A method for determining a remaining life span of an elastomer in a motor. The method includes running a downhole tool into a wellbore. The downhole tool includes a mud motor having a rotor and a stator. At least one of the rotor or the stator includes, or is at least partially made from, an elastomer. A number of cycles before the elastomer fails may be predicted. A number of cycles during a time period may be determined. A change in a remaining life span of the elastomer over the time period may be determined, based upon the number of cycles before the elastomer fails and the number of cycles during the time period.

Abstract: An improved baler and a method of using the improved baler to produce high density bales based on arrangement and control of compression rollers. The baler comprises a pick-up assembly configured to pick-up crop material; a rotary feeder; a compression assembly comprising at least one compression roller configured to generate a pressure on the crop material as it passes between the compression roller and another compression component in the baler; and a bale chamber, wherein the pre-compressed crop forms a bale. The compression roller and compression component define an adjustable gap therebetween. The one or more compression rollers and/or baler compression components may be located in various locations in the baler. By adjusting the gap, pressure exerted on the crop material as it passes between the compression rollers and baler compression components may be controlled, resulting in bales of higher density.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for reducing a thickness of an absorbent body having liquid absorbent fiber as a main material. The apparatus includes a pressing device that reduces the thickness of the absorbent body transported in a transport direction, by sandwiching and pressing the absorbent body in a thickness direction orthogonal to the transport direction, a pair of rollers that is positioned on a downstream side along the transport direction than the pressing device, and rotates while passing the absorbent body through a gap formed by outer circumferences of the pair of rollers opposing each other, a sensor that outputs measurement information relating to the thickness of the absorbent body at a position between the pressing device and the pair of rollers, and a controller that sets a size of the gap between the pair of rollers based on the measurement information.

Abstract: A speed changing transmission mechanism of a sheet laminating apparatus includes a reverse module, a power output shaft, a first power output roller, a second power output roller, a first belt, a second belt, a power input module and a shift module. Utilizing the reverse module, the power input module and the shift module, the speed changing transmission mechanism is capable of hot laminating the sheet article and withdrawing the jammed sheet article.

Abstract: The invention concerns a calender which comprises a vertical stack of interlinked rollers driven individually by regulated electric motors. The regulation process acts on the distribution of the delivered power to the individual rollers such that the forces acting on the rollers in the horizontal direction and measured in the roller bearings are minimized, so enabling slimmer rollers to be used.

Abstract: The present invention shows a process and device of calendering a web. The process includes drying the web and winding the web at the end of a production section. The process includes transporting the wound web to at least one off-line calender, unwinding the web and passing the web through the at least one off-line calender. Further, the process includes treating the web between drying and winding of the web in at least one on-line calendering unit. Further still, the process includes at least one on-line calendering unit includes at least one nip defined by at least one hard roller. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A press machine includes: an electric motor (19) for raising and lowering a slide (11) by rotating a crank shaft (13); motion datum receiving means (29) through which, by an input operation, an operator inputs a motion datum including, as input items, height positions at which the slide (11) starts and ends an oscillation process, a speed at which the slide (11) carries out the oscillation process, an angle at which the crank shaft (13) is rotated in a direction during a drive-in operation, and an angle at which the crank shaft (13) is rotated in the other direction during a return operation; motion pattern generating means (63) for generating a motion pattern of the slide (11) on the basis of the motion datum inputted through the motion datum receiving means (29); and motor controlling means (73) for controlling the electric motor (19) on the basis of the motion pattern generated by the generating means (63).

Abstract: The invention concerns a calender which comprises a vertical stack of interlinked rollers driven individually by regulated electric motors. The regulation process acts on the distribution of the delivered power to the individual rollers such that the forces acting on the rollers in the horizontal direction and measured in the roller bearings are minimized, so enabling slimmer rollers to be used.

Abstract: A calender includes at least two roll stacks which each have at least three rolls, and in each of which the web path of a fibrous web meanders between each roll pair of the stack. In order to produce a selectable fibrous web grade, the web is passed between each roll pair of each stack, so that at least one roll pair in at least one stack is in nip contact to form a nip that calenders the web. The web runs between each roll pair of each roll stack and, in order to produce a selectable fibrous web grade, a selectable number of rolls is in nip contact with each other in each stack to form at least one nip that calenders the fibrous web.

Abstract: A calender comprises a vertical stack of interlinked rollers driven individually by regulated electric motors. The regulation process acts on the distribution of the delivered power to the individual rollers such that the forces acting on the rollers in the horizontal direction and measured in the roller bearings are minimized allowing slimmer rollers to be used.

Abstract: A press for pressing a material to form a structural component comprises at least one revolving press band and a control for controlling the course of the press band. The control is preferably carried out via rotating rods that engage the press band and that can be tilted at a convenient angle for the purposes of varying the direction of travel of the press band. According to the method, the band of the press can be controlled by appropriately tilting the rotating rods.

Abstract: A method for controlling a calendering system having a first roll and a second roll is disclosed. The first roll has a first roll torque controller and a first roll speed controller. An exemplary method comprises the steps of: (a) setting said first roll at a desired process speed with said first roll speed controller; (b) determining a target torque of said first roll; (c) contactingly engaging said first and second rolls; (d) measuring an actual torque of said first roll; (e) comparing said target torque and said actual torque; and, (f) adjusting a speed of said first roll with said first roll torque controller to maintain said target torque of said first roll according to said comparison of said target torque and said actual torque.

Abstract: Vibration is prevented in a multi-nip calender (1) or an array of multi-nip calendars. Each calender has a lower roll (3; 40), an upper roll (3; 30) and two or more intermediate rolls. A fiber web is conveyed through the closed roll nips of the calenders. The intermediate rolls (3) have load-relieving apparatus and the upper roll (3; 30) and the lower roll (3; 40) have loading apparatus, while loading apparatus are connected to the lower roll (3; 40) and/or the upper roll (3; 30) for loading these rolls from the outside in a direction parallel with the calender plane. The running parameters (9) influencing the calendering impulse of one or more selected roll nips (N) are intermittently or continuously changed, such that the overall calendering impulse (9) of the calender or calender array and/or the quality variables (21) of the fiber web remain substantially constant and/or within predetermined limits.

Abstract: A method for controlling a calendering system having a first roll and a second roll is disclosed. The first roll has a first roll torque controller and a first roll speed controller. An exemplary method comprises the steps of: (a) setting said first roll at a desired process speed with said first roll speed controller; (b) determining a target torque of said first roll; (c) contactingly engaging said first and second rolls; (d) measuring an actual torque of said first roll; (e) comparing said target torque and said actual torque; and, (f) adjusting a speed of said first roll with said first roll torque controller to maintain said target torque of said first roll according to said comparison of said target torque and said actual torque.

Abstract: Roll arrangement that includes a deflection controlled roll and a counter roll. The counter roll and the deflection controlled roll are arranged to form at least one nip. The deflection controlled roll includes a rotating roll jacket, a carrier axially passing through the roll jacket, and support elements arranged between the roll jacket and the carrier. A plurality of the support elements, located at a nip side of the deflection controlled roll, are structured and controllable so that at least some of the plurality of support elements assume a position retracted from the roll jacket during a start-up operation of the deflection controlled roll. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A calender for a sheet of paper comprising a metal roll which is rotated by a first driving unit. The calender further comprises a rotatable cylindrical jacket, a pressurizing shoe, and a plurality of support members. The cylindrical jacket is disposed opposite the metal roll to form a calender nip so that the sheet of paper is continuously passed through the calender nip. The pressurizing shoe is provided within the jacket at the position of the calender nip and presses the interior surface of the jacket radially outward to pressurize the calender nip. The support members are disposed inside the jacket so that they are equally balanced in the peripheral direction of the jacket.

Abstract: A vertical calender arrangement comprises a controllable-deflection top roll, a controllable-deflection bottom roll and intermediate rolls arranged between top and bottom rolls. The top roll and the bottom roll are each provided with a power drive.

Abstract: A bale shape monitoring system for a round baler for detecting a misshapen bale during bale formation. The system includes a pair of spaced apart rollers mounted to a movable member located within the bale-forming chamber, and which are normally engaged with spaced apart baler belts when the bale has a uniform diameter in the vicinity of the rollers. A rotation sensing arrangement detects the rotation of the rollers, caused by engagement of the rollers with the belts during normal bale formation. In the event the bale is formed with a lesser diameter in the vicinity of one of the rollers, the associated belt moves out of contact with the roller, and the lack of roller rotation is sensed so as to provide a signal to the operator to steer the baler to supply crop material to the lesser diameter area of the bale. Once a uniform diameter is again obtained, both rollers continue to rotate so as to indicate to the operator that the bale has a uniform diameter.

Abstract: Calender with a roll stack and process for arranging rolls in a roll stack of a calender, the calender comprising two end rolls in a press plane and a plurality of middle rolls between the two end rolls. At least one of the middle rolls has an elastic surface and has a displacement (x) relative to the press plane, the size of the displacement (x) being selected based on a wavelength of a critical natural frequency within the roll stack. The end rolls and the at least one middle roll define two nips therebetween, the displacement (x) effecting a difference in distance of a fraction of a wavelength on a surface of the at least one middle roll between the two nips. An adjusting device adjusts the displacement of the at least one middle roll on the basis of a preset displacement (x), which depends on the wavelength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and assembly for opening the nips (9,10) of a calendar comprising at least two elements (1, 2; 3, 4) brought to a nip contact with each other, especially for performing the nip opening at a break or damage occurring in the web (5) being calendered. The tension of the web (5) being calendered is measured at multiple points over the cross-machine width of the web (5) and the calender nips (9,10) are opened when the measured web tension at a preset number of points over the cross-machine width of the web (5) has fallen to a limit value that by a decision-making algorithm monitoring the tension profile of the web (5) is interpreted to indicate a web break situation or other damage on the web (5) requiring opening the nips (9,10).

Abstract: A calender for a sheet of paper comprising a metal roll which is rotated by a first driving unit. The calender further comprises a rotatable cylindrical jacket, a pressurizing shoe, and a plurality of support members. The cylindrical jacket is disposed opposite the metal roll to form a calender nip so that the sheet of paper is continuously passed through the calender nip. The pressurizing shoe is provided within the jacket at the position of the calender nip and presses the interior surface of the jacket radially outward to pressurize the calender nip. The support members are disposed inside the jacket so that they are equally balanced in the peripheral direction of the jacket.

Abstract: Calender and process of calendering a web in calender. The calender includes a frame, an upper roll, a lower roll, an intermediate roll arrangement that includes an intermediate roll that is fixed in the frame, and a load limiting device coupled to the intermediate roll. The process includes loading the intermediate roll in two directions in a pressing plane direction via the upper and lower rolls, monitoring pressures exerted in the two directions on the intermediate roll in the pressing plane direction, and releasing the load on the intermediate roll when a difference between the pressures exerted in the two directions on the intermediate roll is greater than a predefined amount.

Abstract: The invention concerns a calender which comprises a vertical stack of interlinked rollers driven individually by regulated electric motors. The regulation process acts on the distribution of the delivered power to the individual rollers such that the forces acting on the rollers in the horizontal direction and measured in the roller bearings are minimized, so enabling slimmer rollers to be used.

Abstract: Calender that includes a stand, an upper roll, a lower roll, and at least two center rolls arranged between the upper and the lower rolls. The calender also includes at least two cylinders, where the at least two center rolls are supported on the stand by the at least two cylinders. Each of the at least two cylinders include a discharge path that is controlled over more than ¾ of a piston stroke for lowering the at least two center rolls.

Abstract: A vertical calender arrangement comprises a controllable-deflection top roll, a controllable-deflection bottom roll and intermediate rolls arranged between top and bottom rolls. The top roll and the bottom roll are each provided with a power drive.

Abstract: A process for presetting a calender for a material web and a calender. The calender includes a roll stack having at least a first nip and a second nip arranged to define a stack plane and comprising a sag compensation lower roll having a rotationally secured carrier which can be moved along the stack plane by external support devices arranged at both ends of the lower roll, the lower roll having a jacket which is supported on the carrier by internal support devices wherein the jacket can be adjusted along its entire length in the direction of the stack, the calender further comprising at least one middle roll which can be adjusted in the stack plane and a sag compensation upper roll having a carrier which is held stationary at its ends and a jacket which supported on the carrier by internal support devices, the jacket being mounted to the carrier at its ends.

Abstract: In a roll nip (5) formed between a shoe press roll (1) having a concave, plane or slightly convex press shoe (11), a flexible jacket (15) and a hot counter roll (3), the jacket (15) may be damaged by the heat from the counter roll (3) upon a web break. To avoid this, the roll nip (5) is opened by removing one of the press shoe (11) and the hot counter roll (3) from the other, so that the jacket (15) resumes a generally cylindrical shape having an arched portion located across the shoe (11). Then, a force is applied inside the roll jacket (15), directed away from the roll nip (5), to tension the roll jacket (15) over the leading edge and the trailing edge of the press shoe (11), so as to reduce the height of arch of the arched portion over the shoe (11) sufficiently to ensure removal of the jacket (15) from contact with the hot counter roll (3). Preferably, the force against the inside of the jacket is applied by means of a tensioning shoe (61).

Abstract: A calender arrangement includes end rolls that are in the form of deflection controlled rolls having an internal stroke. One of the end rolls comprises at least one stop element that is in the form of a hydraulic positioned hydrostatic element which, together with the internal wall of the roll sleeve, defines a gap. When a constant throughput of hydraulic medium is fed in, an equilibrium of forces is produced, at which equilibrium the roll sleeve is positioned. The pressure built up in the process is a measure of the positioning forces. Small departures from the target position are permitted without control intervention.

Abstract: A die apparatus for supporting and retaining rotary dies in operation having a base, a cover supported by a plurality of columns, a cross member moveable along the columns and modular die supports rollingly engaged with the rotary dies. A method of installing and removing the rotary dies from the apparatus includes moving the dies along a first axis of movement within the apparatus through use of a support strap and moving the dies to and from the apparatus through use of a conveyor.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for damping contact oscillations of rotating rolls in a paper machine, but notably in a coater, the rolls are held endways in bearings. At least two rolls form a nip with each other. The damping is carried out actively and the active stimulation (phase-shifted counteroscillation) acts from outside directly and/or indirectly on at least one bearing point of one of the rolls.

Abstract: In a roll nip (5) formed between a shoe press roll (1) having a concave, plane or slightly convex press shoe (11), a flexible jacket (15) and a hot counter roll (3), the jacket (15) may be damaged by the heat from the counter roll (3) upon a web break. To avoid this, the roll nip (5) is opened by removing one of the press shoe (11) and the hot counter roll (3) from the other, so that the jacket (15) resumes a generally cylindrical shape having an arched portion located across the shoe (11). Then, a force is applied inside the roll jacket (15), directed away from the roll nip (5), to tension the roll jacket (15) over the leading edge and the trailing edge of the press shoe (11), so as to reduce the height of arch of the arched portion over the shoe (11) sufficiently to ensure removal of the jacket (15) from contact with the hot counter roll (3). Preferably, the force against the inside of the jacket is applied by means of a tensioning shoe (61).

Abstract: A magnetic calender comprises a pair of rotatable parallel rolls (1, 2) and an electromagnet provided with two pole pieces (6, 7) extending parallel to the rolls (1, 2) and joined to a common base (5) through a plurality of magnetic cores (8) having an arrangement which is specularly symmetrical with respect to both the transverse mid-plane and the longitudinal mid-plane of the calender. A coil (9) and a control solenoid (10) located adjacent to the relevant pole piece (6, 7) are wound around each of the cores (8), and the intensity of the current circulating in the coil (9) is controlled by an adjusting unit (11) which is in turn controlled by a control unit (12) which receives and processes the magnetic flux reading carried out by the control solenoid (10).

Abstract: The present invention is useful in a nip-forming apparatus including a first roll and a second roll, wherein one of the rolls is displaceable toward the other to control the position of the first roll relative to the second roll, and wherein one of rolls is driven and the other is rotatable. The invention defines a setup procedure that includes rotating the driven roll and sensing a rotational speed of the rotatable roll. While the driven roll is rotating, the displaceable roll is displaced to a home displacement position relative to the other roll, wherein the home displacement position corresponds to a displaced position of the displaceable roll where the rotatable roll rotates at a select speed in response to contact with the driven roll. This home displacement position is then recorded. The invention is particularly well-suited for setup of a sheet decurler in an image forming apparatus. Change in the home displacement position over time due to roll wear is monitored and used to predict roll failure.

Abstract: Calender and method for treating a material web. The calender includes a plurality of rolls in which each roll has a rotational axis. The rotational axes of the plurality of rolls are arranged to be substantially located in a press plane, and a plurality of nips are formed between adjacent rolls. A control device is provided to selectively open and close the plurality of nips, and the rolls are arranged so that at least two opened nips are positioned between two closed nips. The method includes forming a closed nip with the top roll, forming a closed nip with the bottom roll, forming at least two open nips between closed nips, and guiding the material web through at least the closed nips.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a calender, comprising a cylindrical heated roll and a flexible belt surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge a concave load shoe against the heated roll by means of said flexible belt to form an extended and heated nip through which a fiber web passes to be calendered and a separating mechanism for having at least one of the rolls movable into and away from the nip characterized in that said flexible belt is a flexible tubular jacket which forms a part of an enclosed shoe roll such that the ends of said jacket have end walls mounted thereto, which end walls are rotatably mounted in relation to said support beam, and in that at least one of said end walls is driven by means of a drive arrangement which drive arrangement may be activated to drive the end walls and thereby also the jacket independently of its position in relation to the fiber web or the heated roll.

Abstract: A roll machine is provided. A plurality of rolls are disposed in a stack to define a plurality of nips therebetween adapted to treat a material web. At least two of the plurality of rolls are driven rolls. A drive control commonly controls the driven rolls. The drive control varies a driving torque distribution of the driven rolls over time. A method for operating the above roll machine is also provided, where the method includes changing a driving torque distribution of said driven rolls.

Abstract: An apparatus for joining dough blocks to form a continuous dough sheet. The dough blocks are cut from a dough mass and drop into a space between first and second groups of rollers. The first and second groups of rollers include horizontally-paired rollers arranged in tiers and forming a substantially V-shaped space for receiving the dough blocks, with the uppermost pair of rollers being separated by a first horizontal gap which is wider than a second horizontal gap separating the lowermost pair of rollers. The first group of rollers are rotated in a direction (e.g., clockwise) which is opposite to that of the second group of rollers. In addition, the first group of rollers is alternately moved toward and away from the second group of rollers, thereby applying vibrations to the dough blocks.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a calender, comprising a cylindrical heated roll and a flexible belt surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge a concave load shoe against the heated roll by means of said flexible belt to form an extended and heated nip through which a fiber web passes to be calendered and a separating mechanism for having at least one of the rolls movable into and away from the nip characterized in that said flexible belt is a flexible tubular jacket which forms a part of an enclosed shoe roll such that the ends of said jacket have end walls mounted thereto, which end walls are rotatably mounted in relation to said support beam, and in that at least one of said end walls is driven by means of a drive arrangement which drive arrangement may be activated to drive the end walls in and thereby also the jacket independently of its position in relation to the fiber web or the heated roll.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus calendering a fiber web, wherein the fiber web passes through an extended and heated nip, said nip being formed on one side by a cylindrical heated roll and on the other side by a flexible tubular jacket which is pressed against the heated roll by means of a concave load shoe, said tubular jacket surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge said load shoe and said flexible tubular jacket against said heated roll, and wherein the extension of the load shoe in the axial extension is less than the axial extension of the jacket and the heated roll such that when the load shoe is urged against the heated roll there will be formed tapered sections at each side end of the jacket within the nip characterised in that said tapered section are substantially covered by said fiber web such that a small strips of the fiber web at each edge is not calendered in said extended nip.

Abstract: The calender disclosed comprises a vertical stack of linked rolls, which are driven individually by controlled electric motors. The control acts on the distribution of the supplied power to the individual rolls in such a way that the forces which act on the rolls in the horizontal direction, and are measured in the roll bearings, are minimized. This allows the use of slimmer rolls.

Abstract: A bearing control system for a roll with hydrostatic bearings which is mounted by its axle on a bearing block or other equivalent frame member by hydraulically loaded hydrostatic bearing elements. A principal bearing element acts in a principal loading direction and another bearing element is a backup bearing element which acts in a direction opposite to the principal loading direction. The bearing elements include bearing shoes positioned freely around the axle in order to support the axle so that the roll revolves freely in relation to the bearing block or other frame member. The control system feeds a hydraulic pressure medium to the hydrostatic bearing elements so that the roll is displaceable in the principal loading direction, e.g., in the direction of the nip plane, by displacing the axle via the bearing elements.

Abstract: A vibration control apparatus (20) and method for a calender (18) for controlling vibration between two or more rolls (ex. 22, 24) which controls vibration induced thickness variations in a medium (27) exiting from the nip. The apparatus (20) includes a frame (19), a first and second rolls (22, 24) mounted relative to the frame (19), and a force generator (32), such as an electromechanical active actuator, servo-hydraulic actuator, controllable semi-active damper, Active Vibration Absorber (AVA), or Adaptive Tuned Vibration Absorber (ATVA), provides cancelling forces to control vibration between the first and second roll (22, 24) thereby, controlling such vibration induced thickness variations in the medium (27). Preferably, the apparatus (20) includes at least one sensor (ex.

Abstract: A precision roll stand includes a roll housing absorbing the rolling forces. In the roll housing rolls constituting a roll pair with their roll chocks are mounted so as to be rotatable and mutually adjustable by an adjustment device which changes the axial distance between the pair of rolls. A drive housing including a roll drive is connectable with the roll housing while establishing a drive connection of the roll drive with the rolls and being removable from the same while undoing the drive connection. In order to produce rolled products exhibiting extremely high measuring accuracies and to be able to exchange the rolls quickly and without difficulty, the roll housing has a frame which is open in the direction of adjustment of the rolls and contains and guides the chocks of the rolls. A crosshead for closing the frame carries the adjustment device designed as a pressure medium cylinder and is rigidly connectable with the frame. The drive housing is supported on the crosshead.

Abstract: A method for quick-opening a set of rolls in a calender, in particular a supercalender, in which a paper or board web to be calendered is passed through calendering nips formed by a variable-crown top roll, a variable-crown bottom roll and by two or more intermediate rolls arranged between the top and bottom rolls. The rolls are arranged to form a substantially vertical stack of rolls, and the intermediate rolls are supported by the use of hydraulic relief cylinders so as to relieve the nip load produced by the mass of the bearing housings of the intermediate rolls and auxiliary devices associated therewith. During the quick-opening of the set of rolls, the bottom roll of the set of rolls is lowered and the relief pressures in the hydraulic relief cylinders are discharged so as to open the calendering nips.

Abstract: A roller has a rotary hollow cylinder through which extends a non-rotary crosshead. The hollow cylinder is supported on the crosshead by two opposite rows of hydrostatic supporting elements. When the roller is operated at particularly low linear pressures in the roll gap, a uniform linear force over the whole width of the paper web is exerted in the row of supporting elements opposite to the roll gap, causing an increase in the hydraulic pressures required in the row of supporting elements that faces the roll gap, until said pressures reach a range in which perfect operation of the supporting elements is ensured.

Abstract: A calender for treating a web of material includes at least two rollers forming a roller nip therebetween. A take-up device is disposed downstream from the at least two rollers. At least one longitudinal cutter is disposed between the at least two rollers and the take-up device. The at least one longitudinal cutter divides the web of material into at least two partial webs. The take-up device has at least two winding stations. Each of the winding stations corresponds to one of the partial webs.

Abstract: A cross directional caliper control system for a calender. A coarse caliper control mechanism adjusts the pressure over a first range of values. A fine caliper control mechanism adjusts the pressure over a second range of values, where the second range of values is smaller than the first range of values. Sensors sense the dimension of the paper web passing through the calender. A control mechanism coupled to the coarse calender control mechanism, the fine calender mechanism and the sensors controls the caliper across the width of the paper by varying the nip pressure with both the coarse caliper control mechanism and the fine caliper control mechanism to shift the variability of the caliper so that it corresponds to nip pressure adjustments within the second range of values. Bumpless adjustments of the coarse control mechanism are made by making counteracting adjustments to the fine control mechanism.