Abstract: A smooth press comprises a smooth cylinder acting conjointly with a lower ribbed cylinder in order to apply a covering paper against a corrugating paper passing around the ribbed cylinder and includes a tractor arrangement downstream from the lower ribbed cylinder situated with respect to the smooth cylinder so as to form a contact angle of the covering paper against the ribbed cylinder. The tractor arrangement applies a tension force to the cardboard which creates a reactive radial pressure urging the cover paper against the corrugated paper at the contact surface of the ribbed cylinder.

Abstract: Apparatus for treatment of a fiber material web with a press gap formed by rolls, wherein at least one of the rolls comprises an adjustable deflection roll with a flexible roll jacket supported in the pressing force plane on a plurality of support elements. A plurality of independent pressing force correction sections that at least substantially do not influence one another are formed over the length of the press gap by the cooperation of the support elements, in particular, hydraulic support elements and associated sections of a roll jacket having inadequate compliance. Preferably the width of the individual correction sections along the press gap lies in the region of 25 mm to 130 mm, and preferably amounts to approximately 50 mm.

Abstract: A calender for full and light calendering has rollers disposed one above the other. At least the middle rollers are mounted on bearing blocks, which are supported by levers. The levers are pivotably mounted on respective support blocks. The levers can pivot between an upper stop and a lower stop. A lifting device for the lowest roller moves the lowest roller through a separation stroke between an operating position and a separation position. The lifting device also move the lowest roller through an overstroke between the operating position, through a relief position in which the support blocks are spaced from their respective support elements, into an overstroke position, in which the support blocks of some of the uppermost rollers are lifted to an inactive position to permit the calender to be used for light calendering.

Abstract: A method which influences the thickness and gloss and/or smoothness in the treatment of fiber material webs in at least one press gap formed by rolls, wherein at least one adjustable deflection roll is used and a plurality of correction sections is provided over the press gap length which can be differently influenced with respect to temperature and/or pressure, and wherein, for the decoupling of the two correction procedures possible pressing force changes in the correction sections of the press gap resulting from local changes in diameter of the relevant roll caused by changes of the surface temperature are at least substantially prevented with the support elements and jacket.

Abstract: A middle sole sloping machine includes a base plate, upper and lower rolls each including first and second roll sections, a fixed mount plate and a movable mount plate extending upward from the base plate, the movable mount plate being movable relative to the fixed mount plate in a direction parallel to the extending direction of the upper and lower rolls, a device for effecting relative movements between the fixed and movable mount plates along the extending direction of the upper and lower rolls, a second device for effecting vertical movements of the first and second roll sections of the upper and lower rolls, a third device for rotating the upper and lower rolls, a controller mounted to each of the first and second devices, and a control box electrically connected to the controllers to provide an automatic control for adjustments of the roll sections.

Abstract: An equalizer assembly that integrates into the die cutting station of a press and comprises two hydraulic actuators, each of which interacts with one of the jackscrews of the press to create an internal hydraulic pressure. The internal pressure of a first of the hydraulic actuators corresponds to a loading force that is imparted upon the rotary cutting die proximate to a first end of the rotary cutting die, and the internal pressure of a second of the hydraulic actuators corresponds to a loading force that is imparted upon the rotary cutting die proximate to a second end of the rotary cutting die. The hydraulic actuators are in fluid communication with one another such that the hydraulic pressures therein are maintained substantially equal to define an overall system hydraulic pressure, and the hydraulic actuators are designed and arranged so that the loading forces generated thereby are substantially equal.

Abstract: A roller arrangement with a deflection compensation roller and a counter roller. The deflection compensation roller has a shell, through which a hydrostatic support device is supported on a carrier. The shell-ends are each supported on a ring bearing which is guided in an action plane and is radially adjustable and can be loaded by a force in the slide direction. The shell-ends can each be loaded by a torque which has an axis perpendicular to the action plane. In this way, the deflection of the shell can be matched to be proportionate to the deflection of the counter roller.

Abstract: A multi-roll calender for treating a web material, of the type which develops a linear force, has at least two rolls stacked one above the other in a press plane. A lower roll is constituted as a sag-compensation roll. The other rolls in the calender stack are all equidistant relative to the sag-compensation roll, i.e., they are supported the same distance away from the two supports of the rolls. One of the outermost rolls (either the top or the bottom roll) is fixed in a stand while all the other rolls are movably mounted. The moveable rolls can be acted upon by support forces acting in the plane of the stack. The support forces and the internal pressure of the sag-compensation roll are adjustable via a control device, e.g., a computer, so that even when the rolls sag, the linear force distribution of the rolls is identical over their width.

Abstract: A device for wiping moisture off opposite sides of a rolled metal strip comprises at least two wiping rolls disposed at the opposite metal strip sides transversely to the direction of conveyance of the metal and pressed thereagainst by rollers grouped in pairs and regularly distributed along the rolls for support thereof. To obtain a uniform pressure of the rolls against the opposite metal strip sides across its entire width, jacks press the supporting rollers against the rolls and the pressure is controlled as a function of the width of the rolled metal strip and the position thereof so that the pressure applied by the rolls on the opposite sides of the rolled metal strip is limited to the portion of the rolls in contact with the rolled metal strip.

Abstract: A pellet mill (1) is provided with a control unit with the help of which a desired value of press roll slippage, e.g. zero or a pre-selectable peak value can be maintained. For this purpose, the pellet mill (1) comprises a first measuring unit (27, 28) for measuring the circumferential speed of the perforated die (8) as well as a second measuring unit (23, 24) for measuring the circumferential speed of the press rolls (11, 12). In a comparator (30, 31), the two circumferential speeds are compared and on exceeding a pre-selectable peak value for the difference of the two measured values, a slip signal is created by means of which the mill drive, and/or the supply of basic material to be formed is influenced in such a manner that the slippage will be prevented.

Abstract: A multi-roll calender for treating a web material, of the type which develops a linear force, has at least two rolls stacked one above the other in a press plane. A lower roll is constituted as a sag-compensation roll. The other rolls in the calender stack are all equidistant relative to the sag-compensation roll, i.e., they are supported the same distance away from the two supports of the rolls. One of the outermost rolls (either the top or the bottom roll) is fixed in a stand while all the other rolls are movably mounted. The moveable rolls can be acted upon by support forces acting in the plane of the stack. The support forces and the internal pressure of the sag-compensation roll are adjustable via a control device, e.g., a computer, so that even when the rolls sag, the linear force distribution of the rolls is identical over their width.

Abstract: A paper test calendering machine is constructed with a pair of opposed guide rolls about which a web of paper or the like travels. A pair of opening an closing nip rolls are operable to exert pressure on the traveling web. A sensing device is operable to detect a deviation in the smooth web and to then activate an element to relieve the pressure on the web momentarily as the deviation passes.

Abstract: A measuring element which senses the running of the solid of rotation is connected to the actual value input of a controller whose output signal is connected to a control element which acts upon a bearing which is adjustable perpendicularly to the axis.

Abstract: A pellet mill (1) is provided with a control unit with the help of which a desired value of press roll slippage, e.g. zero or a pre-selectable peak value can be maintained. For this purpose, the pellet mill (1) comprises a first measuring unit (27, 28) for measuring the circumferential speed of the perforated die (8) as well as a second measuring unit (23, 24) for measuring the circumferential speed of the press rolls (11, 12). In a comparator (30, 31), the two circumferential speeds are compared and on exceeding a pre-selectable peak value for the difference of the two measured values, a slip signal is created by means of which the mill drive, and/or the supply of basic material to be formed is influenced in such a manner that the slippage will be prevented.

Abstract: A calender for producing packing sheets has a heated cylinder of large diameter and an unheated pressure cylinder of smaller diameter which is movable toward and away from the heated cylinder to vary the width of a gap between the cylinders. A plastic mixture plasticized by a solvent is fed to the gap between the cylinders and is formed into a sheet on the heated cylinder, where it is vulcanized. Two temperature sensors on a common support are positioned to measure the temperature of the outer surface of such sheet and transmit the temperature measurement to a procesor which is programmed to control operations of the calender. A further sensor measures the thickness of the sheet on the heated cylinder and the thickness measurement is transmitted to the processor as a further parameter in control of operation of the calender.

Abstract: Pressure rollers are carried on respective shafts which are slidable in slotted plates towards and away from a machine centreline to define a gap. Measuring means are provided for determining the position of each roller, in the form of a contact probe mounted on each end of each shaft with the probes at either end bearing on opposite faces of a plate of known thickness centred on the machine centreline.

Abstract: A method of continuously manufacturing chip and fiberboard webs having uniform thickness across their width in a press comprising a centrally disposed press cylinder journalled to rotate in bearings in uprights and at least one pressure roller, and preferably three pressure rollers, disposed adjacent the periphery of the press cylinder. An endless steel band carrying the material for forming the web is subjected to tensile stress and is guided around the press cylinder and through the nip defined between the press cylinder and the pressure roller. The material is pressed between the endless steel band and the surface of the press cylinder. The pressure roller is journalled for rotation in bearings at each of its ends. When the press is in its loaded state, the bearing body at one end of the pressure roller is displaced by the application of a preselected pressure towards the axis of rotation of the press cylinder.

Abstract: The invention concerns a calender, in particular a supercalender, on whose frame (1) a set of rolls (2) is mounted, which comprises an upper roll (3), a lower roll (4), and several intermediate rolls (5) placed between the upper roll and the lower roll. The rolls (3, 4, 5) are supported on the frame (1) by the intermediate structure of the base parts (34, 47, 54) being vertically displaceable along guides (7) provided in the frame. Of the base parts, at least the base parts (54) of the intermediate rolls can be positioned in the vertical direction by means of lifting spindles (6) provided in the frame (1) and by means of spindle nuts (56) provided on the spindle. The base parts (54) of the intermediate rolls are supported on the lifting spindles (6) being vertically displaceable by means of pressure-medium operated relief devices (57) arranged between the base parts (54) and the spindle nuts (56) to reduce the journal loads on the rolls (5).

Abstract: A calendar wherein a bottom roll and a deformable top roll flank one or more intermediate rolls is operated in such a way that the shape of the top roll is caused to conform to that of the adjacent intermediate roll before the nip of the top roll with the adjacent roll is narrowed. At least the top roll is heated to enhance the satinizing effect upon paper webs without unduly affecting the specific volume of treated material. It is further proposed to subject the bottom roll to preliminary deformation and/or to heat the bottom roll and/or one or more intermediate rolls.

Abstract: An apparatus for adjusting the roll gap between cooperating rolls of a rolling stand for coating e.g. plastic foils or metal strips with a material which does not or does effect the roll gap includes a split bearing shell for each roll journal, with one shell half being part of a support unit and arranged inwardly relative to the roll gap and the other shell half being part of an adjusting unit and arranged outwardly relative to the roll gap. The individual elements of the adjusting units are arranged relative to the individual elements of the support unit in such a manner that the forces exerted free from play by the adjusting unit and of the support unit at both sides of the roll journals act in a common plane extending perpendicular to the axes of the rolls.

Abstract: A method for controlling rotation of a fixing roller, the fixing roller being rotated by a first motor and a second motor, the first motor being driven at a high speed, the second motor being driven at a low speed, the torques of the first motor and the second motor being transmitted to a rotary shaft of the fixing roller through respective one-way clutches, the method includes steps of starting the driving of the second motor immediately before the driving of the first motor is stopped, and keeping the driving of the second motor at least until the driving of the first motor is started.

Abstract: A roll arrangement comprises a hydraulically supported bottom roller having rotating hollow cylinder and a stationary crosshead extending lengthwise through the cylinder to form a clearance space therewith. The end of the crosshead are supported by force exerting devices. The forces producing the line pressure of the roll are transferred through a hydraulic supporting device, such as hydraulic fluid contained within a longitudinal pressure chamber in the crosshead, to the inner circumference of the hollow cylinder. When a quick release action is desired to separate the bottom roller from its counterroll, the pressure in the longitudinal chamber is suddenly lowered by opening a quick release valve connected to a return tank. A corresponding reduction of the pressure in the force exerting devices to permit separation of the rollers occurs only after a sensor, such as a dynamometer, has determined that the load on the crosshead has been substantially removed.

Abstract: A prepress roll assembly includes upper and lower pressing roll segments that apply pressure to the opposing major surfaces of a windshield assembly as the assembly passes between the roll segments. A drive roll arrangement is provided that moves vertically in response to the elevational of the leading edge of a windshield assembly to be prepressed while continuing to drive the windshield assembly between the prepress rolls.

Abstract: The invention relates to a material bed roller mill with a fixed roller and a floating roller which between them form a grinding gap and a hydraulic-pneumatic spring system which presses the floating roller in the direction of the fixed roller and contains at least one hydraulic working cylinder and a working pneumatic spring which cooperates therewith for each side of the floating roller. The spring container of each working pneumatic spring is divided by two movable pistons into a central gas filling chamber and two opposing hydraulic fluid chambers, and a stroke measuring device is associated with one piston for the preliminary filling pressure of the hydraulic fluid. In this way it is possible to reset the grinding force during operation by means of the hydraulic pressure with the same pneumatic spring characteristic on both sides of the floating roller.

Abstract: A supercalender comprises a stationary variable-crown upper roll (1), a floating variable-crown lower roll (2), several intermediate rolls (3,4) between the upper roll (1) and the lower roll (2), and a hydraulic control system. The upper roll (1) has a roll mantle (12) that is supported on the roll shaft (11) by hydrostatic loading elements (13) acting in the direction of compression and by end bearings at the ends of the roll mantle, which bearings prevent displacement of the mantle (12) ends in the radial direction relative to the shaft (11) of the upper roll. The lower roll (2) has a roll mantle (22) that is supported on the roll shaft (21) adjustably in the direction of compression by means of hydrostatic loading elements (23). Position detectors (23,31) are provided at the ends of the shaft of at least one roll.

Abstract: A press-filter including a chassis, two endless filtering webs, guide rollers defining paths for the two webs, the paths of which are partially contiguous, and several squeezing rollers located on either side of the filtering webs along their contiguous path portions and squeezing the webs, one of which consists of a drum. The press-filter further includes a curved rigid roller race at least partially encircling the drum and spaced therefrom by a predetermined gap. A plurality of squeezing rollers are rollably mounted on the roller race wherein the filtering webs encircle the drum over a major portion of its periphery and pass between the drum and the squeezing rollers.

Abstract: A calender wherein the intermediate rolls of a stack of rolls are mounted on pairs of levers pivotable on carriages which are movable up and down in vertical ways provided therefor in the frame. This renders it possible to change the levels of the intermediate rolls without any or without appreciable shifting of the centers of nips of neighboring rolls from a common vertical plane. The carriages are suspended on composite feed screws which can be rotated to move neighboring carriages nearer to or further away from each other.

Abstract: The invention concerns an equipment in the system of rolls in a supercalender for equalizing the profiles of linear loads between the rolls. In the normal way, the system of rolls comprises an upper roll, a lower roll, several intermediate rolls placed between the upper roll and the lower roll, as well as lifting spindles (40) placed at both sides of the system of rolls. The equipment in accordance with the invention comprises lightening devices (10) acting upon the bearing housing (38) at each end of at least one roll, the lightening devices being arranged to eliminate the distortions caused by the weight of the bearing housings (38) and the auxiliary devices attached to same in the lateral areas of the profiles of linear load between the rolls.

Abstract: The roll calender containing superimposed rolls is provided with base elements which are vertically adjustable at the roll stand and in which there are pivotably mounted movable substantially lever-shaped elements. The roll bearings of the rolls of the roll calender are located at the ends of the movable substantially lever-shaped elements. Between the base elements and the movable substantially lever-shaped elements there are arranged force-applying elements which serve for compensation of overhanging loads. There are also provided stops against which the movable substantially lever-shaped elements are supported when the roll calender is opened or nip relieved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for machining dough that takes into account the different flow regimes exhibited by the dough during processing. As in conventional systems, the apparatus includes a hopper for extruding dough in a sheet and pairs of powered rollers for sizing the sheet. A computer controls the system. Mass flow rate is made constant throughout the system by establishing a master flow rate based upon predetermined criteria related to the product being produced, and the computer monitors the weight of the extruded sheet to maintain a constant input to the powered rollers. The flow rate is varied to remain constant by comparing the input to output, as measured by the sheet thickness at the cutter station. The gage rollers are controlled by setting a nominal roller speed, trimmed according to the tension present in the sheet upstream of the gage roll, as reflected in the position of a loop in the dough sheet between the gage roll and the pair of rolls immediately upstream of same.

Abstract: A method of dewatering filter cake in which the cake is supported on a positively driven pervious conveyor belt or filter cloth. The cake is guided about the circumference of a drum, with the drum positively driven at a variable speed of rotation. In the region of the drum, the pervious conveyor belt or filter cloth holds the cake against the periphery of the drum and additional pressing rollers press the filter cloth and cake against the drum. The drum drives the filter cloth in this region through the medium of the filter cake and induces shear effects in the cake. The speed of rotation of the drum is regulated in dependence on the tension existing in the filter cloth.

Abstract: A plastic web is made by an extrusion apparatus having a plastics screw press, a metering pump with a volume flow depending on the rotation speed, an output die and a rolling unit with calendaring rolls. The flow of a thermoplastic material is regulated with the metering pump. The melt web issuing from the output die is cooled and calibrated. The process uses a metering pump which has substantially linear volume flow/rotation speed characteristics in the regulated range of rotation speeds and together with the rolling unit is part of a common computerized control system. The peripheral speed of the calendaring rolls is controlled so that it is proportional to the rotation speed of the metering pump. The special proportionality factor for the speed ratio is set by a computer which controls the roll speed so that no undesirable thickness variations or other product defects occur.

Abstract: A device for automatically controlling coating amount for use in a coating machine including a backup roll, an applicator roll, a pickup roll, a base, a first table slidably mounted on the base and a second table slidably mounted on the first table. The device includes first and second pressure adjusting mechanisms for adjusting a pressure between the backup roll and the applicator roll and a pressure between the applicator roll and the pickup roll. Each of the first and second pressure adjusting mechanisms further includes a sensor, a stepping motor and a precision ball bearing screw member.

Abstract: A roller press has a press roll and at least one pressure roll applying pressure to it. In the end region of each pressure roll, there is an associated positioning cylinder. The positioning cylinders relieve the pressure of the pressure roll against the press roll automatically upon an impermissible increase in the operating pressure in the positioning cylinder. For this purpose, each positioning cylinder has a safety valve which is operated either by the working fluid in the positioning cylinder to the pressure relief condition or by an electrical signal, in different embodiments, to relieve pressure in the positioning cylinder. The safety valves are coupled to each other by a signal line. When one safety valve relieves one positioning cylinder, all of the positioning cylinders are relieved.

Abstract: Between an uppermost roll and a lowermost roll there are arranged intermediate rolls mounted with their axles in levers. These levers extend across the width of the roll stand of the calender and are vertically pivotably suspended at a pivot at the roll stand. Nip relieving devices act upon these levers and are supported at a support defining a support location at the roll stand. Each pivot is arranged at an associated bearing element which is elevationally adjustable and which is located at the rear side of the roll stand remote from the rolls. If the position of the intermediate rolls change in vertical direction, the related bearing elements are correspondingly individually and vertically displaced, so that the levers are brought into an essentially horizontal position at which the axles of the intermediate rolls and the pivots of the related levers are located in each case in a related horizontal plane.

Abstract: A rolling stand includes a stationary roll and at least one movable roll in spaced-apart relationship with the journals of the movable roll supported in a bearing unit which cooperates with a control mechanism for radially displacing the movable roll relative to the stationary roll and thus for adjusting the gap therebetween. The bearing unit includes two separate radial bearings with one radial bearing cooperating with a control element and with the other radial bearing acted upon by a work element which applies a counterforce in opposition to the force exerted by the control element.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the transverse distribution of pressure applied to a web passing through a nip formed between a pressure zone-adjustable device having a first number (K) of separately adjustable pressure zones, including those for roll loading cylinders, if any, and a counter-member. A desired linear load profile comprising a second number (N) of setting zone set values for a corresponding number (N) of setting zones is provided, the second number (N) of the setting zones being substantially greater than the first number (K) of actual pressure zones. The second number (N) of setting zone set values are input to a zone conversion unit which is programmed with a mathematical model of the nip and are converted to a first number (K) of pressure zone set values so than an actual transverse distribution of pressure applied to the web is obtained having a minimal deviation from the setting zone set value distribution.

Abstract: An automatic release timing control system for use with a press and a cooperating feeder for feeding a web of sheet material wherein a sheet release timing and a sheet grip timing of a release mechanism in the feeder are corrected in response to the varying revolution of the press and the response time of the release mechanism, so that, even when the working speed of the press is high, the sheet releasing operation and the sheet gripping operation of the release mechanism can follow up the working speed of the press.

Abstract: A control valve for regulating and maintaining the pressure ratio between two pressures (p.sub.1 and p.sub.2) associated, respectively, with two separate pressure systems at a constant value. In particular, the pressure (p.sub.2), prevailing in hydraulic cylinders which serve to press one press roll against a counter roll in a roll press, is controlled as a function of the pressure (p.sub.1) of the fluid which transfers the contact pressure in a deflection adjusting roll of the roll press. The control valve includes a piston, movably disposed in the housing of the control valve, and provided with a first end face area (A1) at one end thereof and a second end face area (A2) at the opposite end thereof. The end face area (A1) is subjected to the first pressure (p.sub.1) in a first pressure chamber (1a) and the second end face area (A2) is subjected to the second pressure (p.sub.2) in a second pressure chamber (2a).

Abstract: A device for controlling the diameter of cylindrical sections of a rotating calender roll. The device comprises at least one nozzle which directs a jet of air against the calender roll. The flow of air from each nozzle remains approximately constant. Only the temperature of the jets change as heating elements associated with each nozzle are energized or deenergized. Thermal expansion or contraction, resulting from localized heating or cooling by the air jets, corrects local non-uniformities in the calender roll diameter.

Abstract: A hooded air shower system for controlling the diameter profile of a rotating cylinder. Air is supplied to an air chamber and then channeled into a plurality of conduits that correspond to a plurality of cross-machine zones of the cylinder. The air temperature is regulated within each conduit and separate channeling is maintained until the air is directed to the cylinder. An obstructing device substantially restricts movement of the air along the cylinder to one circumferential direction, and a given portion of directed air moves along substantially the entire circumferential range of the cylinder that is subtended by the hood.

Abstract: An electrical air heater for a calender roll diameter control device is described. The heater comprises a tube for directing a flow of air along the inside of the tube from a plenum toward an object which is to be heated. An electrically resistive heating element is mounted inside the tube to heat the flow of air as it flows from the rear to the front of the tube. Since the air is heated by the heating element inside the tube, the air is coolest when it first enters the tube and hottest where it escapes at the front of the tube. Similarly, the heating element is cooled by the air and is, therefore, hottest near the front of the tube where the heated air escapes. The hotter front end of the heating element tends to burn out faster than the cooler end of the heating element. To prolong the life of the heater, openings are provided in the tube wall to admit a flow of cooling air at the hottest part of the heating element.

Abstract: A hydraulic adjustment motor containing a piston-and-cylinder unit is provided at the roll surface of a roll to be moved to position the roll surface relative to another roll surface of a further roll. Each adjustment motor is arranged between the related roll surface to be moved and its related roll stand. A regulation device is arranged between a pressure source, the pressure chamber of the adjustment motor and a hydraulic medium vessel. This regulation device regulates impingement of the pressure chamber with different pressures up to the maximum pressure of the pressure source and regulates the outflow of a selected volume of the hydraulic medium out of the pressure chamber, correlated to the desired lowering of each roll surface, during lowering of the roll surface and for maintaining a residual volume of the hydraulic medium. Consequently, there is provided a defined relative position between the roll surfaces.

Abstract: The bottom roll of a roll stack in a calender is constructed as a controlled deflection roll equipped with a non-rotatable carrier or support beam and a roll shell rotatable about the non-rotatable carrier. The roll shell is supported on the non-rotatable carrier by means of hydraulic support or pressure elements. The non-rotatable carrier is supported with respect to the calender stand by means of hydraulic carrier support devices. For the rapid opening of the calender and to avoid damage to the roll shell, initially the pressure exerted on the roll shell support elements is reduced in a sudden manner and only after a predetermined time-delay is there reduced the pressure exerted on the carrier support devices.

Abstract: A running web which contains moisture is caused to travel through the nip of two squeezing rollers one of which is deformable in that it comprises a stationary carrier and a cylindrical shell which surrounds the carrier and also surrounds a first set of inflatable cushions adjacent the nip and a second set of inflatable cushions opposite the first set. Sensors monitor the moisture content of selected longitudinally extending portions of the web, and the signals which are generated by such sensors are processed by an evaluating circuit and are transmitted to valves which regulate the pressure of pneumatic fluid in the cushions. Each cushion of the second set registers with a cushion of the first set, and the registering cushions can receive fluid from associated sets of valves including a pressure regulating valve which can increase or reduce the pressure of fluid in the respective cushions and a second valve which can shift the admission of fluid from one into the other of the registering valves.

Abstract: An apparatus for the clearance-free mounting of at least one of the rollers in the support column of a calender. The mounting is for producing plastics material films achieved by means of a roller bearing which is divided into three, a central section or ring and two laterally outer sections or rings in a direction transverse to the major axis of the roller journalled to rotate therein. Each bearing ring or section comprises an inner ring portion, at least one row of cylinder rollers, an outer ring portion and a bearing body portion. Pressure applicator means are provided for displacing the central section relative to the two laterally outer sections or rings in a direction towards and away from the roller journalled therein so as to eliminate play within the bearing. To eliminate the play between the bearing body and the calender support column, an additional pressure applicator means is provided which is incorporated in the calender support column.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pressing curved laminated glass having an adhesion interlayer between curved sheets of plate glass by passing the curved laminated glass through a pair of press rolls. A level of a contact position between said pair of press rolls and an inclination angle of a line connecting axes of said pair of press rolls with respect to a curved surface of the laminated glass are controlled to control a posture of said pair of press rolls upon movement of the laminated glass so as to correspond to controlled rotation of said pair of press rolls. A line of action of a press pressure is directed along a direction substantially normal to the curved surface of the laminated glass, and the location of application of the press pressure is level-shifted along the curved surface of the laminated glass. The posture of the press rolls is controlled in accordance with prestored data sampled along the curved surface of the laminated glass.

Abstract: A device for controlling the diameter of cylindrical sections of a rotating calender roll. The device comprises at least one nozzle which directs a jet of air against the calender roll. The flow of air from each nozzle remains approximately constant. Only the temperature of the jets change as heating elements associated with each nozzle are energized or deenergized. Thermal expansion or contraction, resulting from localized heating or cooling by the air jets, corrects local non-uniformities in the calender roll diameter.

Abstract: A device for selectively controlling the diameter of sections of a calender roll. The device comprises a plurality of nozzles which direct jets of superheated steam against sections of the calender roll. Thermal expansion, resulting from localized heating by the steam jets, corrects local non-uniformities in the gap between adjacent cooperating calender rolls. Moisture which condenses from the steam onto the calender roll surface is removed by a flow of air past the roll surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a controller for controlling the local diameters of a temperature sensitive calender roll by selectively heating sections of a sheet of calenderable material with infrared lamps while the sheet is in contact with the calender roll or before the sheet contacts the roll. The calender roll is made of a material having at least one dimension which responds to changes in temperature. Therefore, thermal expansion of the roll, resulting from contact of the heated sheet with the roll surface, corrects local non-uniformities in the calender roll diameters. If the calender rolls unexpectedly stop or slow down so that the sheet of calenderable material becomes overexposed to infrared radiation, a fire detecting device detects and extinguishes the fire by turning off the infrared heating lamps and flooding the area around the lamps with a fire-extinguishing fluid.