Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention enables the lamination of a plurality of planar and non-planar objects in a lamination apparatus where multiple frames per platen and multiple platens per cycle are used. With the preferred embodiment, lamination of multiple products of various thicknesses is achieved, while simultaneously maintaining the pressure uniformity across all stacks. The result is achieved by using a height equalizing lamination punch head, control logic and verification devices.

Abstract: This invention relates to a belt press for dewatering sludge, such as sewage sludge. The press includes a camera to monitor physical operation of a gravity belt section of the press. A numerical control device uses electromagnetic radiation received from the gravity belt section to control the physical operation of the gravity belt section. An actuator device may be used to control a height of a weir for distribution of the sludge over the gravity belt section, and another actuator device may be used to control positions of ploughs which plough the sludge.

Abstract: A baler for compacting fibrous materials or other compactable materials having a platen operable by two compression devices. One compression device is at least one hydraulic cylinder with a piston rod attached to the platen which performs compaction. The other compression device is at least one hydraulic cylinder with a piston rod which is attached to the platen and performs tramping. The apparatus provides rapid tramping before compaction by the selective activation of only the second compression device. Both cylinders function through a common hydraulic fluid reservoir and solenoid valve.

Abstract: An electropressing apparatus has a pressing ram axially movable to apply a pressure to a workpiece to be pressed.

Abstract: A composite allograft press comprises a loading frame and a two piece mold to form an composite allograft and in particular an acetabular cup from impacted cancellous bone chips and cement. Pressure is applied by a manually operated lever through a rack-and-pinion gear mechanism to a plunger attached to one part of the mold. Compression load switches in-line with the plunger indicate the correct loading to the mold to produce a composite allograft in which the inner surface is smooth and comprised essentially of hardened bone cement material. The outer portion of the allograft may have limited cement extrusions but the exterior of the cup primarily shows exposed cancellous bone surface. In surgery a composite allograft; e.g., an acetabular cup, is fixed in the acetabulum with bone screws to fill an acetabular defect. A plastic liner is affixed with bone cement directly to the composite allograft cup to receive the femoral component.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention enables the lamination of a plurality of planar and non-planar objects in a lamination apparatus where multiple frames per platen and multiple platens per cycle are used. With the preferred embodiment, lamination of multiple products of various thicknesses is achieved, while simultaneously maintaining the pressure uniformity across all stacks. The result is achieved by using a height equalizing lamination punch head, control logic and verification devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of compacting a plurality of flat, stacked, non-woven cotton and cotton blend articles from a normal size to a greatly reduced size to form a package of such articles that saves exterior packaging, shipping, handling and warehouse costs. The pressure and time dwell are selected to compact the stacked articles to the extent necessary to cause the desired size reduction, but not sufficient to either damage the articles or compact them to the degree that a liquid or other means is required to recover them from their compacted to their original size.

Abstract: The embossing or blocking and punching machine with a machine control (2) has several pressure sensors (S1 to S4) for measuring compressive forces X arranged around the center Z of the blocking surface F. A positioning device (10) with a displacement drive (20) and associated motor control (21) is connected to a pressure control program (30) with compressive force control functions (REG), with which is associated a control and display unit (40). Thus, a precise, automatic constant control of the optimum operating pressure (XA) can take place and a constant, maximum embossing or printing quality is achieved.

Abstract: There is provided a die protection apparatus for a hydraulic press in which a slide is moved up and down by a hydraulic cylinder, which apparatus comprises: a slide position detection means for detecting a position of the said slide; a pressure detection means for detecting a pressure that is applied to the said slide; a setting means for setting a threshold value of the said applied pressure and a predetermined position of the said slide which are required to form a workpiece in accordance with a die used; and an emergency stop means which, if a working pressure develops that exceeds the said threshold value at any position in a workpiece forming zone, is so operative as to determine the said working pressure to be abnormal, thereby emergency stopping the said slide.

Abstract: The waste suction and storage device includes a box (3) which, on the one hand, comprises waste storage means and at least one separation compartment (6) whose lower part is open and connects with the waste storage means and which, on the other hand, is equipped with ventilation means and includes a waste introduction opening and an air discharge opening (15).

Abstract: A hydraulic press for moving a slide up and down by the use of a hydraulic cylinder, the slide is lowered from a descending region to a molding region while its position is controlled on the basis of a position signal detected by slide position detector, and a pressure signal obtained from a pressure detector for detecting the pressing force of the slide is compared with a predetermined capacity set in accordance with a machining condition in this molding region. If the set capacity is not reached, the slide is made to continue its descent to a lower dead point while effecting successively the position control and holding it at that position for a set time. When the set capacity is reached, pressure control instead of position control is carried out and the pressure is held for the set time.

Abstract: A breakthrough buffer for a mechanical press (1) includes at least one buffer body (20) disposed between punch slide (2) and lower press frame (7) to cushion punch plate (3) during breakthrough of punch (4) through a workpiece, a timing regulator (40, 70, 90) connected to each buffer body for regulating timing of buffering during breakthrough, and a control system (60) to provide a command signal to this regulator to minimize noise or vibration occurring during the breakthrough. The control system includes a controller (63) which is responsive to the output of noise sensor (61) or vibration sensor (65) during breakthrough. The buffer body can include fluid driven buffer piston (22) in a buffer cylinder (21), with the buffer piston being associated with a guidepost (5). Alternatively, the buffer body can include piston (82) which contacts the guidepost and which is fluid driven (30, 81) in opposition to spring (83).

Abstract: A cyclically operating filter press for squeezing juice from fruit is controlled so that the pressing pressure rises during an early part of a cycle and then, at a time determined in view of actual process variables, the pressure increase is stopped and the pressing pressure remains constant thereafter. The limiting time for the pressure rise is determined with a process.

Abstract: A compaction apparatus (2) has a screw conveyor (4) for conveying waste material through a passage (6) and compacting it therein. An exit nozzle (10) is arranged to communicate with the passage (6). The nozzle (10) defines a duct which enlarges and contracts response to increasing and decreasing material pressure, respectively.

Abstract: A caliper profile control system for a paper machine provides reduced start up times after sheet breaks to bring the caliper profile across the sheet to within the desired limits. The method comprises the steps of scanning at predetermined intervals across the width of the paper sheet to monitor thickness error of the sheet from predetermined limits and change in the thickness error between the intervals, in each of a plurality of zones across the sheet. A control change signal is determined for each of the zones based on the error and the change in error using an exponential function of the magnitude of the error to maximize the change in the error and reduce integral action when the error is large. The control signal is used to reduce the error in each zone and the integral action is increased as the error decreases until the predetermined limits are met.

Abstract: In supplying material for pressing (37) into the press chamber of a filter press for separating solids and liquids, the filling operation (F) is done interruptedly in a first step (P1) at a fill opening (44). A press element (36) executes a plurality of pressings up to a constant stroke position (HS). Not until a second method step (P2) is the filling operation (F) interrupted, as soon as the pressing pressure exceeds a limit value (PS), whereupon the pressings are continued with shortened strokes. The method offers automatic adaptation of the prefilling time to the pressability of the materials. It thus becomes possible to prefill highly differently pressable material automatically and without specifying a command value in such a way that an optimal performance is attained in terms of the yield and the juice extraction output of a filter press.

Abstract: A system for measuring the dynamic pressure distribution between rolls in a nip roll press comprises a roll adapted to rotatingly contact at least one other roll in a press nip, having one or more sensors thereon, for measuring the nip pressure at several locations along the roll length, wherein the measurements obtained by the sensors are transmitted to a computer and a display, to provide tabular, numerical and graphical representations of the pressure at one or more locations on the roll. Optionally a control system may be incorporated in the system for determining the pressure distribution along the roll and initiating corrective measures. The system of the instant invention can further measure temperature variations, if desired, as thermal sensors can be used on the sensing roll, or a computerized correlation scheme can relate sensor readings to temperature as well as pressure.

Abstract: A hot press used, for example, for producing a thin printed board and a multilayered board, such as liquid crystal glass board bonded by a low-viscosity adhesive, and to a hot press suitable for forming a board requiring uniform bonding pressure. A hot press includes an upper and a lower bolster arranged in vertically opposed relation to each other, an upper and a lower heat plate respectively disposed in opposed relation to the upper and lower bolsters, a device for moving at least one of the upper and lower bolsters toward the other to produce a pressing force between the upper and lower heat plates, and pressure vessels respectively mounted on the heat plates. Each pressure vessel is made of a thin film and is filled with a fluid heating medium. When substrate blanks are interposed between the upper and lower pressure vessels and pressed by them, surface pressure for adhesive bonding becomes uniform, and heat from the heat plates is uniformly transferred to the blanks.

Abstract: An electronic device for monitoring the fullness of a trash receptacle is disclosed. The trash receptacle is associated with a compactor that has a compression member for compacting trash within the receptacle. The compression member is powered by an electric motor. The current drawn by the electric motor is monitored by a current sensor. As more trash is deposited and compacted, the sensor detects an increased current flow in the electric motor. A microprocessor operates on the current sensor readings to determine the relative fullness of the receptacle. The current sensor readings are evaluated by an algorithm which distinguishes the current readings due to foward compactor ram motion of the compression member from current readings due to reverse compactor ram motion. The algorithm compares modified derivatives of the current sensor readings to threshold values of the derivatives in order to determine the relative fullness of the receptacle.

Abstract: A device for compacting empty beverage containers of metal or plastics is provided with a substantially wedge formed container receiving space. Compactor elements subject the container to gradually increasing compacting forces as it moves through the container receiving space. The container is then engaged and punctured by puncturing elements as the container moves through the container receiving space. The compactor elements include a pair of mutually inclined, cooperative endless belts of a flexible material having a container engageable front surface and a rear side. The engaging and puncturing elements include a plurality of metal studs provided in the front surface of each of the belts along the length thereof.

Abstract: A support frame for a piece of equipment such as food handling equipment, or the like, includes a base with a pair of laterally spaced rails. A plurality of spaced apart beams extend generally transversely between the rails and are slidable relative to the rails in a first direction. A plurality of saddle members are positioned on the beams for supporting a piece of equipment and slide relative to the beams in a second direction which is generally transverse to the first direction. The saddle members on the rails are preferably configured and located for being sheltered from falling debris. An easily cleaned curved underbelly pan may likewise be provided for catching falling matter.

Abstract: A hot press for producing a multilayered substrate including vertically opposing upper and lower bolsters relatively movable toward each other to press multilayered substrate blanks and to cool the plates after the bonding. A sealing arrangement includes a cylinder and encloses the upper and lower bolsters so as to define a hermetically sealed space, with an evacuating arrangement reducing the pressure inside the hermetically sealed space during heating and pressing in which a bonding agent in the multilayered substrate blanks is softened. A high-pressure gas supplying arrangement supplies a pressurizing gas into the hermetically sealed space so as to impart the bonding pressure.

Abstract: A press for making pressed board has a plurality of longitudinally spaced rigid frames, a lower press plate extending longitudinally through and secured to the frames, and a normally planar upper press plate extending longitudinally above the lower plate through the frames and defining with the lower press plate a longitudinally throughgoing press gap. A plurality of vertically effective double-acting hydraulic cylinders carried on the frames above the upper plate each have a back compartment and a front compartment, are connected to the upper plate, and support the upper plate on the frames. Respective upper and lower endless belts have respective lower and upper stretches extending through the gap immediately below and above the respective upper and lower plates and respective upper and lower rollers advance the stretches longitudinally through the frames. Sensors connected to the lower plate produce an output corresponding to the size of the gap.

Abstract: A process controller disposed to monitor and control a press. The controller monitors an appropriate variable at the press representative of the force produced at the workpiece upon which the press is operating, and compares this force to historical force data associated with the position at which the force was sampled. The historical data is stored in the form of control arrays, where the control arrays are calculated based upon one or more signature arrays stored during satisfactory press operations upon a similar workpiece. The calculation of the control arrays takes into account the deviations in the variables monitored at the press, which may include force and position. While monitoring the press based upon the HIGH and LOW control arrays, each force value is compared to the values in the HIGH and LOW control arrays at the time of sampling.

Abstract: A trash collection and compacting apparatus primarily intended for use onboard an aircraft comprising a stationary compactor unit and interrelated movable trolley unit, the trolley unit having a plurality of separate trash collection chambers into which trash is deposited and compacted. The trolley unit includes wheels for moving the trolley through an aircraft for the collection of trash, and support rails for supporting the trolley unit on the compactor unit for the direct compaction of trash in the trolley. The compactor unit includes a compaction ram mounted on a carriage assembly for movement into discrete positions overlying each collection chamber of the trolley unit, and supports the trolley so that compaction forces are not transmitted to the aircraft.

Abstract: A compress/melt waste processor includes a frame; a chamber housing having walls which define a chamber therein; a ram movably disposed in the chamber; a sensor which senses pressure applied by the ram; an actuator operatively connected to the ram to move the ram; a chamber hatch upon which the housing is mounted, the chamber housing walls, the ram and the chamber hatch defining a space therebetween; and a device for feeding contaminated plastic waste into the chamber. The apparatus also includes a device for heating the housing walls, the ram and the chamber hatch; a device for cooling the housing walls, the ram and the chamber hatch, a device for detecting temperature of the housing walls, the ram, the chamber hatch and the contaminated plastic waste in the chamber; and a control device for controlling the actuator and the heating and cooling devices.

Abstract: An electropressing apparatus includes an electric motor driven through a motor driver circuit to operate a pressing ram through a rotational mechanism constructed to move the pressing ram in a vertical direction relative the workpiece. Various detecting and control arrangements are used to detect, memorize, set and change the following: an initial position of the pressing ram; an upper limit stop position of the pressing ram with respect to the workpiece; a lower limit stop position of the pressing ram immediately above the workpiece; a position at which the pressing ram starts to apply a pressure to the workpiece; and a terminal position at which the pressing ram stops to apply pressure to the workpiece.

Abstract: A computer controlled, laboratory heat-sealing machine is employed as a quality control device to ensure that adequate heat seals are formed under pre-defined and outputted pressure, dwell time and temperature parameters. The apparatus includes sensors for monitoring temperature and pressure conditions throughout the sealing dwell period. The clamping pressure is constantly adjusted to be maintained at a preset level by sensing the clamping pressure and controlling the top heat-sealing bar through an eccentrically driven crankshaft linkage. Load cell arrangements for monitoring pressure in high and low pressure ranges are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat applied transfer press includes a support arm for displacing an upper platen with respect to a lower platen mounted on a base. An operator controls movement of the support arm between open and closed positions and preferably includes an aligner for positioning the upper platen substantially parallel to the lower platen as the upper platen approaches the closed position. Preferably, the press also includes an adjuster for varying the distance between the upper and lower platen in the closed position. Preferably, an overcenter locking mechanism retains the press platens in the closed position, while springs resiliently urge the upper platen upwardly to its open position when the handle has been raised to retract the lever mechanism from its overcenter position.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of detecting and removing bulges in continuous strips of material before they enter higher-pressure zones in a dewatering filter press. The method is characterized in that, when a bulge occurs, a sensor is deflected and a control signal generated. The invention also concerns a device for carrying out the method, the device being characterized in that it is fitted with a preferably pressure-tight sensor which is deflected when a bulge occurs in the strip of material being filtered and can be reset when the bulge disappears.

Abstract: An apparatus for dewatering sludge. The dewatering apparatus has a pressure plate device for compressing the sludge on a surface such that the sludge is dewatered. The dewatering apparatus also has a device for confining the sludge within a predetermined area on the surface as the pressure plate device compresses the sludge. The confining device is disposed adjacent to the pressure plate device. Preferably, the dewatering apparatus also has a device for transporting the sludge on a belt to the pressure plate device. The belt is preferably a porous belt filter cloth. For instance, the transporting device can have a first conveyor belt device and a second conveyor belt device having the belt. The first conveyor belt device transports partially dewatered sludge, or sludge cake, from a belt filter press to the second conveyor belt. The second conveyor belt device transports the sludge from the first conveyor belt device to the pressure plate device on the belt.

Abstract: Pressing force with which a die tool presses on a workpiece is controlled so as to be constant at all times. The magnitude of pressing force with which the die tool presses on the workpiece during press working is detected with a semiconductor strain gauge (84), and the pressing force detected and a preset pressing force are compared with each other by a controller. If there is a difference between the pressing force detected and the preset pressing force, a screw rod (35) is turned by an AC servomotor (24) so as to adjust the length of a lower ram (60), thereby controlling the pressing force.

Abstract: Feedstuff is compacted in a tube which lies on the ground by a mobile device which includes a traction vehicle, a trailer unit, and a rotatable feeding screw mounted at the rear of the trailer unit for feeding feedstuff from a container into the tube where it is compacted. The screw is rotated by a hydraulic motor which is driven by hydraulic fluid at a pressure which is proportional to loading of the feeding screw due to compaction of feedstuff by the screw. A brake system brakes the wheels of the trailer unit to produce a braking force while the feedstuff is being fed into the tube. A control unit controls the brake system in response to signals from a transducer which senses the hydraulic pressure at the motor. The braking force is reduced when the sensed hydraulic pressure rises to a predetermined maximum value, and the braking force is increased when the sensed hydraulic pressure decreases to a predetermined minimum value.

Abstract: A tissue press for shaping or compressing a piece of tissue comprises first and second members movable relative to each other. A first forming element of a predetermined shape is selectively engageable on the first member. A second forming element of predetermined shape is selectively engageable on the second member. The first and second forming elements are positionable on opposite sides of the piece of tissue. The first and second members are relatively movable between a first spaced apart condition and a second condition in which the piece of tissue is held between the first and second forming elements. Means are preferably provided for monitoring and controlling the amount of pressure applied to the piece of tissue, in order to maintain the tissue in a viable living condition. Means may also be provided for draining off fluid from compressed tissue, so that the tissue can be implanted in a compressed state and imbibe fluid from the host site.

Abstract: A computer controlled, laboratory heat-sealing machine is employed as a quality control device to ensure that adequate heat seals are formed under pre-defined and outputted pressure, dwell time and temperature parameters. The apparatus includes sensors for monitoring temperature and pressure conditions throughout the sealing dwell period. The clamping pressure is constantly adjusted to be maintained at a preset level by sensing the clamping pressure and controlling the top heat-sealing bar through an eccentrically driven crankshaft linkage. Load cell arrangements for monitoring pressure in high and low pressure ranges are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a system for monitoring trash compactors, each monitoring unit associated with a trash compactor comprises a transducer for sensing hydraulic pressure, for generating an analog signal from the sensed pressure, and for converting the analog signal to a frequency signal, and a microprocessor. The microprocessor compares pressure signal values generated from the frequency signal over timed intervals to a specified value indicative of a compaction. The microprocessor also compares the maximum pressure signal value generated therefrom, under certain conditions, to a threshold value indicative of the trash compactor having a substantially empty compactor and to a threshold value indicative of the trash compactor having a substantially full container. Whenever a specified, plural number of substantially full compactions have been determined, a modem sends a status signal to a computer at a remote location or a facsimile message to a facsimile machine at a remote location.

Abstract: A waste container crusher particularly adapted for crushing automotive type oil filters or other structurally rigid disposables containing hazardous waste has a housing with an open bottom which is closed off by an anvil plate. The anvil plate slideably receives three equiangularly spaced posts which are secured to a roof plate at the top of the housing, above the anvil plate. Nuts on the posts support the anvil plate below the roof plate, so that the anvil plate is suspended from the roof plate by the posts. The roof plate is secured to a hydraulic cylinder which produces a 10 ton driving force for a platen guided by the posts to crush a container placed on the anvil plate below the platen. In the anvil plate, four blind bores in a rectangular pattern in the top surface intersect a central blind bore extending from the bottom surface, and a smaller central through-bore provides communication between the lower central blind bore and the top of the anvil plate.

Abstract: In a system for monitoring trash compactors, each monitoring unit associated with a trash compactor comprises a transducer for sensing hydraulic pressure, for generating an analog signal from the sensed pressure, and for converting the analog signal to a frequency signal, and a microprocessor. The microprocessor compares pressure signal values generated from the frequency signal over timed intervals to a specified value indicative of a compaction. The microprocessor also compares the maximum pressure signal value generated therefrom, under certain conditions, to a threshold value indicative of the trash compactor having a substantially empty compactor and to a threshold value indicative of the trash compactor having a substantially full container.

Abstract: A method of determining the fullness of a compactor having a reciprocating ram and a container includes the steps of setting a target for the number of reciprocations of the ram required to fill the container to a preselected partial fullness. Each reciprocation of the ram is monitored and the total number is summed. The total number of reciprocations is compared to the target number, and the percentage fullness is calculated from those numbers. The percentage fullness is then displayed locally.

Abstract: An improved apparatus (10) for thermally bonding indicia to fabric disclosed comprises relatively movable upper and lower platens (12,14) with a heat source in one of the platens for heating it. A lift lever (18) with an over-center locking assembly (20) is operated to urge the platens (12,14) together and a pressure adjustment assembly (40) is adjustable for varying the pressure therebetween. A pressure sensor (54) senses pressure between the platens (12,14) during closure. A temperature sensor (69) responds to the temperature of the heated platen (12) for controlling heat source (16) to regulate the platen (12) temperature. An optical switch (70) is responsive to platen (12,14) closure for initiating a timing sequence. A programmable controller (48) is programmable to monitor sets of temperature, pressure and platen closure combinations and a visual display (46) displays instructions and the time, temperature and pressure readings necessary for operating the apparatus (10) in the language of choice.

Abstract: A baler for recyclable materials and any other materials. The baler includes a power unit. An operator console on a deck at a front of a hopper, which provides for operator observation and operation through a high tech control system. Material is fed into the hopper, such as by a conveyor. A compression chamber under the hopper and a bale chamber is at a forward end of the baler for baling of the materials and subsequent discharge by an ejection ram across a bale run-out table for later disposition. A control system provides the capability of automatic control for the baler, as well as diagnostic assistance when necessary. The baler is also the primary building block for a completely automated municipal recycling facility (MRF). The baler can bale such materials as corrugated cardboard, news print, magazines, computer paper, flattened cans, round cans, plastic bottles, scrap aluminum, scrap copper, aluminum radiators, as well as any other miscellaneous materials required for baling on a real time basis.

Abstract: A press apparatus for use in manufacture of a liquid crystal panel presses upper and lower glass substrates placed between a pressure-exerting plate and a pressure-receiving plate while a seal located around the glass substrates is being heated and melted. The pressure-exerting plate is supported by a pressure-transmitting plate through three load cells. The pressure-transmitting plate presses the pressure-exerting plate against the pressure-receiving plate through the load cells and thereby presses the glass substrates uniformly. When a difference between the detection values of the load cells exceeds a predetermined value, it is determined that the glass substrates are not being pressed uniformly and the pressing operations thus stopped.

Abstract: A baling machine has an outer housing forming an elongate, rectangular main baling chamber with a discharge opening at one end and an auxiliary baling chamber intersecting the main baling chamber. An inlet opening directs cans into the chambers at the intersection. An auxiliary piston is reciprocally mounted in the auxiliary baling chamber to compress cans to a first compression pressure in an initial compaction stage, while a main piston is reciprocally mounted in the main baling chamber to compress the compacted cans to a second compression pressure in a final compaction stage in which a bale of predetermined dimensions and weight is formed without any need for pre-weighing the cans.

Abstract: An improved garbage truck is disclosed having an inlet opening leading into a tipping section, where a press reciprocally moves in the tipping section, guided along the side walls thereof, to propel garbage through an opening into a removable container. The tipping section has at least one lateral arm or wall reinforcing the side walls of the tipping section and is arranged above the press. A sensing element is arranged in the tipping section with generates a signal when there is a jam or when there are tilted or bulky objects, the signal stops the travel of the press or reverses the direction of the press to prevent damage to the garbage truck.

Abstract: The invention concerns equipment for compacting compressible wastes such as paperboard, cardboard, wood wastes, household trash or the like and is designed in such a way to include a rotating drum and plunger combination so that the trash is moved at equal spacings through a segmented housing and into a receptacle or the like. During conveyance the conveyed trash does not give off foul odors.

Abstract: An automated trash management system for remotely measuring the fullness of a plurality of trash containers is disclosed. Each container is provided with a remote sensing unit for generating a signal proportional to a characteristic of the container by which the extent of fullness of the container may be determined. A transmission linkage, typically a telephone line, is provided from each remote sensing unit to a central unit, where a data base of the signals transmitted from a particular trash container may be stored and analyzed. A hauler is called from the central unit location by a user after a determination from the data base that a particular trash container is in a condition of fullness warranting emptying.

Abstract: A non-destructive overload apparatus for use in a mechanical press and a method of operation are disclosed. The overload apparatus includes an elastomeric body member operatively installed within the mechanical press such that a compressive force is exerted thereon upon loaded operation of the mechanical press. An electrical switch associated with the elastomeric body member is provided to generate a signal indicative of the mechanical press operating in excess of a maximum overload level.

Abstract: In an agricultural pick-up baler, forming rectangular bales of harvested agricultural material or field fodder like hay, straw, grass-silage, the agricultural material is loaded to a compressing device shredding and crushing the fodder to a highly densified tough layer, urged to a baling chamber via a press channel. The fed-in portion of the layer is then additionally densified and compacted at its flat side by a pressing plate against the resistance of friction within the baling chamber with simultaneous extruding said rectangular bale through a rear discharge opening of said baling chamber.By the crop baler according to the invention properly shaped and highly densified bales are produced with relatively light-weighted and simple-driven compacting structural elements. Thus, the massive and expensive pitman-and-crank-assembly of conventional balers can be avoided.

Abstract: A solid waste baling machine having a compacting chamber, a charging passage with an exit and in communication with the compacting chamber, a compacting ram head reciprocable between extended and retracted positions in the charging passage and defining in an extend position a sidewall of the compacting chamber, and a discharge passage having a discharge ram head reciprocable between extended and retracted positions in the compacting chamber and discharge passage and defining in a retracted position an end wall of the compacting chamber is provided with a discharge passage sidewall adjacent the exit end of the charging passage which is mounted for incremental lateral inward and outward movement perpendicular to the axis of the discharge passage by means of a sidewall ram to control the advance of a bale of solid waste in the discharge passage and to maintain proper positioning of the bale in the discharge passage.

Abstract: A used master disposing apparatus comprises a receptacle for receiving a discharged master, a pressing member vertically movably mounted in the receptacle, and a device for vertically moving said pressing member. The pressing member compresses the master when the pressing member is lowered. The pressing member has a pressing surface, an area of which decreases when it is raised.