Abstract: A deicing composition is provided. The composition includes a potassium or sodium salt of a carboxylic acid and a lithium salt of a carboxylic acid or lithium nitrate, wherein the molar ratio of lithium to potassium or lithium to sodium is from 10 percent to 80 percent.

Abstract: The use of hydrophobins for preventing the formation of ice on surfaces, especially for the prevention of ice formation on aircraft surfaces.

Abstract: A composition for deicing or inhibiting formation of ice includes waste material from a fermentation process for producing an amino acid from a carbohydrate source, and at least some second anti-freezing and deicing agent or a carrier. The active agent is waste material from a fermentation process for producing an amino acid from a carbohydrate source. The carrier may be water. A method for deicing an icy surface includes applying to that surface an effective amount of waste material from a fermentation process for producing an amino acid from a carbohydrate source.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are deicing and anti-icing compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said deicing or anti-icing composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preventing frost and facilitating removal of winter precipitation relative to a windshield, comprising applying to a windshield a winter precipitation barrier composition. In one embodiment, the barrier composition comprises: a solvent and a silicon containing compound, the silicon containing compound comprising at least one of a reactive silane, a polyalkylene oxide polysiloxane, or a combination of at least one of the foregoing, wherein the reactive silane is at least one of a halosilane having the formula XnSiR4-n1??(I); an alkoxysilane or aminosilane having the formula a compound of formula (R6)3Si—R7—Si(R8)3??(III); or a combination comprising one or more of the foregoing reactive silanes. In another embodiment, the disclosed winter precipitation barrier composition comprises a reactive silane and a solvent, wherein the reactive silane is as described above.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powdery snow-clearing, de-icing and antiskid composition, characterised in that it comprises a mixture of calcium salts containing from 70 to 90 wt % of calcium chloride and from 10 to 30 wt % of calcium carbonate. The invention also relates to a method for producing the same and to the use thereof as a snow-clearing agent.

Abstract: Halide brine solutions that contain a dissolved salt of an alkali metal halide or alkali earth metal halide, and an anticorrosion agent comprising an alcohol diglycinate are described. The halide brine solutions may be used to treat transportation surfaces for deicing, anti-freezing, and dust suppression, among other applications. For example, methods of treating a transportation surface with a deicing composition to slow the formation of ice and snow on the surface are described. These methods may include providing the deicing composition that includes an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, and an ethanoldiglycinate disodium salt. The deicing composition may be sprayed on the transportation surface in an amount effective to slow the formation of ice and snow on the surface.

Abstract: A deicing composition is provided. The composition includes a potassium or sodium salt of a carboxylic acid and a lithium salt of a carboxylic acid or lithium nitrate, wherein the molar ratio of lithium to potassium or lithium to sodium is from 10 percent to 80 percent.

Abstract: A composition for deicing or for the preparation of a heat transfer fluid is provided. The composition comprises a mixture of at least two carboxylic acid salts having a t/c ratio of 2 or lower, including a dicarboxylic salt and a monocarboxylic salt, said dicarboxylic salt being present in the mixture in an amount of at least 50 wt % of the weight of the mixture, on a dry basis. More particularly, said mixture is including a succinate and a formate, wherein the succinate is in an amount of at least 50 wt %, on a dry basis. Also provided is a method for deicing a surface or preventing the accumulation of ice, snow or a mixture thereof on a surface, comprising a step of applying on a surface covered by ice, snow or a mixture thereof, or susceptible of being covered by ice, snow or a mixture thereof, the above composition. The composition is also useful for the preparation of a heat transfer fluid coolant to be used in a heat transfer system comprising a heat transfer fluid provided with a cooling system.

Abstract: Novel deicing compositions and methods of using and forming those compositions are provided. The compositions comprise a blend of NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2, with the NaCl preferably being coated with a solution comprising an ice melt trigger and/or urea. The deicing composition has low corrosion, particularly when compared to a NaCl solution. At the same time, the compositions have superior melt properties compared to NaCl solutions as well as other prior art deicers. The deicing compositions are useful for melting ice on surfaces such as roadways.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a winter precipitation barrier composition, comprising: a retaining agent, a solvent, and optionally, an auxiliary component, such as a rheology/viscosity modifier, surfactant, detergent, foaming/defoaming additive, humectant, dye, colorant, fragrance, or a combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the retaining agent comprises a primarily hydrophobic monomer or a hydrophilic monomer.

Abstract: A superhydrophilic coating on a substrate can be antireflective and antifogging. The coating can remain antireflective and antifogging for extended periods. The coating can include oppositely charge inorganic nanoparticles, and can be substantially free of an organic polymer. The coating can be made mechanically robust by a hydrothermal calcination.

Abstract: A snow removal agent for melting snow, consisting of magnesium chloride, halite, urea, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium metasilicate, wherein the sodium tripolyphosphate and the sodium metasilicate each account for an identical weight percentage in the agent, wherein the halite is crushed to a size of 7-20 mm and aged for 24-48 hours.

Abstract: This invention relates to an aircraft de-/anti-icer for use at low temperatures. In particular, the present invention provides the use of a composition comprising 1,3-propylene glycol, one or more surfactants, one or more corrosion inhibitors, one or more pH regulators and water for removing frozen water from the surfaces of aircraft and/or for preventing the formation of frozen water thereon at a temperature below ?32° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a deicing or anti-icing agent containing, based in each case on its total weight, from 35.0% by weight to 95.0% by weight of at least one glycol, from 0.001% by weight to 5.0% by weight of at least one dendritic polymer and from 0.01% by weight to 5.0% by weight of at least one further thickener and optionally water. It furthermore relates to the use of from 0.001 to 5.0% by weight of at least one dendritic polymer and from 0.01% by weight to 5.0% by weight of at least one further thickener for thickening a composition which contains from 35.0% by weight to 95.0% by weight of at least one glycol and optionally water.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising an alkali metal silicate, a wetting agent, and a hydrophilic antifog agent forms an antifog coating on a substrate.

Abstract: Deicing compositions comprised of glycerol-containing by-products of triglyceride processing processes are disclosed.

Abstract: A silver conductive coating possessing infrared absorbing properties is disclosed. The coating is made from a blend of one or more micron size silver powders and/or flakes together with carbon black, inorganic pigment, glass frit, and powdered selenium or bismuth metal. The foregoing dry ingredients are pasted with an organic vehicle, applied to a substrate, and fired at a temperature of up to 1400° F. The coating absorbs infrared radiation beyond the decomposition of carbon black, thus allowing higher firing temperatures and hence shorter firing times.

Abstract: This disclosure is generally directed to a batch process of producing semi-conductive polymer nanodispersions in which a composition comprising a liquid and a polymer is at least partially dissolved in the liquid, resulting in dissolved polymer molecules in the composition, wherein the dissolution occurs in a dissolution vessel. The solubility of the dissolved polymer molecules in the composition is then increased to increase the concentration of dissolved polymer in the composition to a range from about 0.1% to about 30% based on a total weight of the polymer and the liquid, wherein increasing the solubility of the dissolved polymer in the composition occurs in a dissolution vessel. The dissolved polymer in the composition is then diluted with a diluent, wherein the dissolution of the dissolved polymer in the composition occurs by addition of the composition to the diluent in a precipitation vessel.

Abstract: A compound of formula 8 and uses thereof in various electronic devices and in a formulation for ink jet printing and in an organic semiconducting layer formulation.

Abstract: A method of reducing the build up of ice or snow on roads. The method comprising mixing a solid de-icing material such as rock salt with a non brine additive solution such as an aqueous solution of a refined molasses stream. The de-icing material and additive solution being carried on a lorry 10, and being mixed immediately prior to spreading on a road.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a winter precipitation barrier composition, comprising: a retaining agent, a solvent, and optionally, an auxiliary component, such as a rheology/viscosity modifier, surfactant, detergent, foaming/defoaming additive, humectant, dye, colorant, fragrance, or a combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the retaining agent comprises a primarily hydrophobic monomer or a hydrophilic monomer.

Abstract: The invention provides a frost-preventive composition which strongly defrosts and melts ice and which prevents frosting for a long period of time and which does not run or sag when applied to a wall surface or the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a renewable process for manufacturing ground and soil treatment compounds using plant by-products. The invention further relates to products of that process, including an anti-slip compound for use on snow- or ice-covered surfaces, and to a related fertilizer compound for improving plant growth. The described compounds primarily comprise organic by-products of timber processing operations. In addition, the invention relates to a renewable energy and resource process.

Abstract: A method for making a fog resistant thermoplastic article includes conditioning a thermoplastic article by exposing it to an aqueous environment sufficient to result in fog resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of acylcyclohexanedione derivatives for improving the tolerance of plants to cold and/or frost.

Abstract: Compositions comprising disiloxane surfactant compositions comprising a silicone composition comprising a silicone having the formula: MM? where M=R1R2R3SiO1/2; M?=R4R5R6SiO1/2; with R1 selected from the group consisting of branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical of from 3 to 6 carbon atoms and R7, where R7 has the formula: R8R9R10SiR12 with R8, R9, and R10 each independently selected from the group of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and monovalent aryl or alkaryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 6 to 13 carbon atoms and R12 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group of from 1 to 6 carbon atom monovalent hydrocarbon radicals or R1, with R4 an alkylpolyalkyleneoxide of the general formula: R13(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)b(C4H8O)cR14 where R13 is a divalent linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having the structure: —CH2—CH(R15)(R16)dO— where R15 is H or methyl; R16 is a divalent al

Abstract: A deicing composition is provided. The composition includes a potassium or sodium salt of a carboxylic acid and a lithium salt of a carboxylic acid or lithium nitrate, wherein the molar ratio of lithium to potassium or lithium to sodium is from 10 percent to 80 percent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automobile window material that can be prevented from suffering from fogging even when exposed to outside air having a considerably low temperature, as well as an automobile having such a window material. The automobile window material is configured to be affixed to an opening of an automobile, and includes a substrate and a coating film provided on that surface of the substrate which faces to an interior of the automobile when affixed to the opening of the automobile. The coating film contains a surfactant capable of adsorbing and holding water vapor and a hydrophilic organic material.

Abstract: A snow-melting/antifreezing agent which comprises potassium silicate as an active ingredient and a snow-melting/antifreezing agent which comprises potassium silicate and a nitrite salt as active ingredients are disclosed. These snow-melting/antifreezing agents may optionally further contain an alkali metal salt and/or a lower alcohol. These snow-melting/antifreezing agents are safe for the environment and do not cause concrete to deteriorate. They not only have excellent capability to melt snow and ice and to prevent freezing, but also have high profitability and are easy to handle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a preparation method of a snow removal agent comprising: a crushing step of crushing halite using a crusher; an aging step of aging the crushed halite; a first mixing step of mixing the aged halite with magnesium chloride in a stirring machine and stirring the mixture; and a second mixing step of adding sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metasilicate and urea and stirring the resultant mixture. The snow removal agent prepared by the present invention is not hardened even when stored for a long period of time and is environment-friendly with no negative effects to plants, fish and shellfish.

Abstract: A deicing composition comprises a mixture of a deicing agent and a corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitor comprises an effective amount of a polyhydroxy carboxylic acid, preferably an aldaric or aldonic acid. The salts of aldaric and aldonic acids are much more potent corrosion inhibitors for deicing than agricultural by-products or refined sugars that are today commonly used as corrosion inhibitors, and therefore can be used at lower concentrations to obtain the same effect as a higher concentration of a simple sugar. The deicing composition can be used as a deicer, anti-icer, or a pre-wetting agent. The deicing agent can include a deicing salt such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, and/or calcium chloride. Further, a method of making a deicing composition includes mixing a deicing agent and a corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitor can be dissolved in a liquid, such as brine, which can be sprayed on a solid deicing salt.

Abstract: A deicing composition with a carboxylate salt as the primary deicer and that has a low corrosivity to galvanized steel is disclosed. The composition includes a soluble silicate as a corrosion inhibitor and a gluconate salt as a silicate stabilizer to maintain adequate solubility of the silicate salt at pH values below about 11.5.

Abstract: Halide brine solutions that contain a dissolved salt of an alkali metal halide or alkali earth metal halide, and an anticorrosion agent comprising an alcohol diglycinate are described. The halide brine solutions may be used to treat transportation surfaces for deicing, anti-freezing, and dust suppression, among other applications. For example, methods of treating a transportation surface with a deicing composition to slow the formation of ice and snow on the surface are described. These methods may include providing the deicing composition that includes an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, and an ethanoldiglycinate disodium salt. The deicing composition may be sprayed on the transportation surface in an amount effective to slow the formation of ice and snow on the surface.

Abstract: Reactive monomers containing the trifluorovinyloxy group may be copolymerized to form polymers useful as membranes, especially polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells. The monomers have the formula ((CF2CFO(R1)p)nArX2 wherein Ar is a trivalent, tetravalent or pentavalent, substituted or unsubstituted, aromatic or heteroaromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic group having from 5 to 50 carbon atoms; X is OH, SH, NR2aR2b, F or Br; p is 0 or 1; n is 1, 2 or 3; R1 is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl and R2a and R2b are independently H, C1-C8 alkyl or C1-C8 perfluoroalkyl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fatty acid alkanolamides or polyolamides containing at least one group Y, where Y stands for CF3—(CH2)a—O—, SF5—, CF3—(CH2)a—S—, CF3CF2S—, [CF3—(CH2)a]2N— or [CF3—(CH2)a]NH—, where a stands for an integer selected from the range from 0 to 5, or formula (I), where Rf stands for CF3—(CH2)r—, CF3—(CH2)r—O—, CF3—(CH2)r—S—, CF3CF2—S—, SF5—(CH2)r— or (CH2)r]2N—, [CF3—(CH2)r]NH— or (CF3)2N—(CH2)r—, B stands for a single bond, O, NH, NR, CH2, C(O)—O, C(O), S, CH2—O, O—C(O), N—C(O), C(O)—N, O—C(O)—N, N—C(O)—N, O—SO2 or SO2—O, R stands for alkyl having 1 to 4 C atoms, b stands for 0 or 1 and c stands for 0 or 1, q stands for 0 or 1, where at least one radical from b and q stands for 1, and r stands for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, to processes for the preparation of these compounds, and to uses of these surface-active compounds.

Abstract: A composition to reduce ice buildup on a surface, the composition that includes salt, water, and starch, where the composition has a viscosity of about 60 centipoise or less at 0° F. Also, a composition to enhance deicing capabilities on a roadway, where the composition includes about 10% to about 98%, by weight, water; less than 0.5%, by weight, starch; and about 5% to about 90%, by weight, salt. In addition, a deicing composition that includes salt, water, and gelatin, where the composition has a viscosity of about 60 centipoise or less at 0° F.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel deicing composition having improved corrosion inhibition and being obtained by mixing 89-99.98% by weight of an alkali metal formate 0.01-6% by weight of an alkali metal silicate and 0.01-5% by weight of a C4-C19 alkyl carboxylic acid, said weight percentages being calculated on dry substances.

Abstract: An anti-icing composition including a chemically-bound nano-layer based on a multivalent atom such as silicon or titanium, and whiskers of hydroxyls, polyols, polyethers, polyamines, poly-acids or mixtures of such hydrophilic functionalities. This base layer may be used as such or have an additional coating overlying it, e.g., comprising a polymeric polyol such as polyvinylalcohol or polyglycol. The second layer may also be chemically bonded to the surface or to the first layer. Surface treatment with such composition prevents small droplets of water from freezing on the surface and reduces dramatically their friction with the surface. The result is the prevention of icing of the surface, reduction in the adhesion of ice to the surface and reduction in the accumulation of ice layers. The anti-icing composition also makes removal of ice from the surface much easier once accumulated, and is useful in reducing de-icing requirements of aircraft and in retarding in-flight ice formation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production process of an organic/inorganic composite hydrogel, which demonstrates superior mechanical properties, by uniformly dispersing a clay mineral in an organic polymer over a wide range of clay mineral content, and a dried form thereof, to be produced easily in a short period of time. The production process of an organic/inorganic composite hydrogel of the present invention comprises reacting a water-soluble organic monomer (a) in the presence of a water-swellable clay mineral (b) by irradiating with an energy beam in a solution in which a non-water-soluble polymerization initiator (d) is dispersed in an aqueous medium (c).

Abstract: A composition for reducing the buildup of snow and ice on a surface. The composition includes a sugar-water mixture having approximately 15 to 80 percent by weight of a sugar solid, wherein the sugar solid contains approximately 2-60 percent by weight of a monosaccharide.

Abstract: The present invention provides deicing compositions which are environmentally benign, a process for producing the composition from certain waste process streams, and methods of deicing and/or anti-icing.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of a powder which consists of: Ammonium sulfate (45%); Urea (20%); Magnesium chloride (15%); and Calcium chloride (20%).

Abstract: Surface coatings, and method of forming the coatings, are provided. The coatings inhibit the adhesion of or accumulation of ice to or on substrates to which the coatings are applied. The surface coatings preferably include a silicone phase change material.

Abstract: A deicer comprises a mixture of a deicing agent and a radiation absorber. The radiation absorber results in an increased ice-melting capacity than using the deicing agent alone. The deicer can include a deicing salt such as sodium chloride, and the radiation absorber can include a dye, which can be water soluble. The deicer can also include a corrosion inhibitor and/or wetting agent. Further, a method of making a deicer includes mixing a deicing agent and a radiation absorber. The radiation absorber can be dissolved in a liquid, such as bittern, which can be sprayed on a solid deicing salt.

Abstract: A composition for both de-icing and inhibiting formation of ice and snow that uses as its predominant ingredient desugared, sugar beet molasses which has been treated with alkali to increase its pH to at least 11, followed by holding for a time sufficient to degrade the carbohydrates and protein of the desugared, sugar beet molasses, and then the pH is lowered by acid addition to at least 10. These steps, in this sequence, substantially and surprisingly increase melt value.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for preparing and dispensing a liquid deicer. The apparatus and method allow deicer ingredients or precursors to be combined in an exothermic reaction to produce a heated deicer at the location where it will be used. In one implementation, potassium hydroxide and acetic acid are combined using the apparatus and method to make hot potassium acetate for use in numerous deicer applications, including deicing of airport runways.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for preparing and dispensing a liquid deicer. The apparatus and method allow deicer ingredients or precursors to be combined in an exothermic reaction to produce a heated deicer at the location where it will be used. In one implementation, potassium hydroxide and acetic acid are combined using the apparatus and method to make hot potassium acetate for use in numerous deicer applications, including deicing of airport runways.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel deicing and anti-icing compositions and methods based on by-produce of off-specification materials from biodegradable and renewable sources and which also can be used in a variety of other services.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for preparing and dispensing a liquid deicer. The apparatus and method allow deicer ingredients or precursors to be combined in an exothermic reaction to produce a heated deicer at the location where it will be used. In one implementation, potassium hydroxide and acetic acid are combined using the apparatus and method to make hot potassium acetate for use in numerous deicer applications, including deicing of airport runways.