Abstract: The present invention provides deicing compositions which are environmentally benign, a process for producing the composition from certain waste process streams, and methods of deicing and/or anti-icing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electroconductive composition for a glass substrate and an anti-fog window glass for automobiles making use of the composition. The electroconductive composition of the present invention can be fired at low temperature, and forms a thick film electrode of excellent moisture resistance and acid resistance. The electroconductive composition is formed of an electroconductive powder, glass frit and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit comprises a homogeneous glass component and a silica component; the homogeneous glass component has a composition, with respect to the entirety of the glass frit (100 mol %), of 0-about 30 mol % B.sub.2 O.sub.3, about 10-30 mol % SiO.sub.2 and about 5-35 mol % Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, and the silica component is about 35-85 mol % of the entirety of the glass frit (100 mol %).

Abstract: A glycol-based deicer composition having ice adhesion repression properties is provided. Ice adhesion control derives from the presence of a film of the composition which is retained on the deiced surfaces and interferes with adhesion of new ice. The composition includes one or more anionic or nonionic surfactants selected to provide a spreading wetting value of 0 to about -5 degrees per centimeter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new and improved, environmentally acceptable and negligibly corrosive deicing composition comprising steepwater solubles produced, for example, as by-products from a wet milling process of corn, which by-products are biodegradable. The invention also relates to the use of a deicing composition to reduce the buildup of snow and ice on roads, bridges and other outdoor surfaces.

Abstract: Rheologically modified compositions, and rheologically modified fluid compositions prepared therefrom, containing reticulated bacterial cellulose in a polyol base fluid, are disclosed. The amount of reticulated bacterial cellulose present in the composition is an amount effective to viscosify the polyol base fluid.

Abstract: A freeze resistant aqueous coolant solution for use in Perkins tube type heat exchangers is formed of one or more metal salts selected from the alkali metals of Group IA and the alkaline earth metals of Group IIA of the Periodic Table. Depending upon the composition of the metal tubes of the heat exchanger, the concentration of the metal salt ranges from about 5% to about 10% by weight of the solution and the pH of the solution ranges between 7.3 and 11.5.

Abstract: Polymers having repeating succinyl units, especially polyaspartic acids, are suitable for antifreezing compositions.

Abstract: A concentrated deicing and anti-icing composition which is diluted and is primarily used for aircraft surfaces being a mixture including a deicing and anti-icing base compound being propylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol in the overall range of 78.0% to 95.0% by weight of the deicing and anti-icing composition. A diluent is included in the form of water for use as a carrier fluid of the glycol in the overall range of 5.0% to 22.0% by weight of the deicing and anti-icing composition. A first nonionic surfactant agent is included having an HLB in the overall range of 4 to 17; and used in a weight proportion where the overall range is 1 ppm to 0.5% by weight of the deicing and anti-icing composition. A second nonionic surfactant agent is included having an HLB in the overall range of 5 to 18; and used in a weight proportion where the overall range is 1 ppm to 0.5% by weight of the deicing and anti-icing composition.

Abstract: The addition of an effective amount of a liquid modified diethanolamide to a calcium chloride composition, which can be a brine solution or a solid, reduces the amount of corrosion of metals by the resulting composition. The calcium chloride/diethanolamide composition can be used as a deicer composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new and improved, environmentally acceptable and negligibly corrosive deicing composition comprising by-products from the fermentation and production of wine from grapes and other fruit, as well as from grains. The main ingredients of the present invention are the solubles that settle during the fermentation process, said solubles being commonly known in the wine making industry as "Vintners' Condensed Solubles", and less technically known as "wine bottoms" and "lees". The invention also relates to the use of a deicing composition in a manner that helps to reduce the buildup of snow and ice on roads, bridges and other outdoor surfaces. The invention also relates to a corrosion-inhibiting composition which comprises vintner's condensed solubles. Other embodiments and uses of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specific practice of the invention disclosed herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new and improved, environmentally acceptable and negligibly corrosive deicing composition comprising brewers' condensed solubles produced, for example, as by-products from a commercial beer brewing process, which by-products are biodegradable. The invention also relates to the use of a deicing composition to reduce the buildup of snow and ice on roads, bridges and other outdoor surfaces.

Abstract: The deicing composition described comprises essentially a) from 87 to 99.45% by weight of an alkali metal halide and/or an alkaline earth metal halide, b) from 0.5 to 10% by weight of an alkali metal silicate and c) from 0.05 to 3% by weight of an alkali metal phosphate. It can be employed in solid form (powder, granules and the like) or as an aqueous solution. It ensures a short thaw time and protects metals, especially steel, against corrosion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new and improved, environmentally acceptable and negligibly corrosive deicing composition comprising by-products from the production of cheese from various milks. The present invention is directed to the liquids that remain after the coagulated cheese has been removed from the milks, said liquids being commonly known in the cheese making industry as "whey." The invention also relates to the use of a deicing composition in a manner that helps to reduce the buildup of snow and ice on roads, bridges and other outdoor surfaces. The invention also relates to a corrosion-inhibiting composition comprising whey.

Abstract: A method for applying halide brine to surfaces requiring protection against freeze conditions, inhibition of snow and ice accumulating, deicing or freeze retardation, for example, or dust control with limited corrosion is disclosed, the method comprising the steps of forming an admixture of polyhydroxy carboxylate and polyalkoxylated amine dispersed in an halide brine solution in an amount effective to inhibit corrosion; and applying the admixture to surfaces. The method of this invention can be used to limit corrosion in the application of a halide brine to surfaces of dust-producing materials as well as surfaces requiring protection against freeze conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a deicing composition which is environmentally benign and a process for producing the composition from certain waste process streams.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a rheologically modified composition containing scleroglucan in an polyol base fluid. The amount of scleroglucan present in the composition is an effective amount to viscosity an polyol base fluid to the point of substantially reducing convection flow in the composition. The composition may be used as an effective thermal insulation material. Applications for this type of insulating material include, among others, use as a de-icing fluid and use as a pipeline insulator. The rheologically modified insulation composition of this invention may be particularly suitable for maintaining high oil temperature during conveyance within a pipe located in a relatively low temperature environment such as sea water.

Abstract: A coating composition which imparts anti-reflective and anti-fog properties to substrates coated therewith. The coating composition utilizes an inorganic metal oxide in combination with particular anionic surfactants. The coating compositions are particularly useful in the manufacture of disposable surgical masks and face shields.

Abstract: A glycol- and/or glycerin-based "universal" aircraft fluid (i.e., usable as any of Type I, II, III, or IV fluids), and having good resistance to degradation of viscosity and other critical properties caused by exposure to heat and/or shear, is disclosed. The fluid may optionally be prepared as a concentrate, and thereafter significantly diluted in the field for diverse uses. The improved performance is achieved by neutralizing a latex of a hydrophobe-containing, polymeric thickener with a base, preferably an alkali metal hydroxide, and preferably in combination with a weak base, such as a salt of a weak acid, and a surfactant which associates with the thickener.

Abstract: A metal cleaning composition comprising EDDS is described. Preferably, the compositions comprise optical isomers of EDDS, such as (s,s)EDDS. The compositions are particularly well suited for cleaning iron, zinc, aluminum, and copper. De-icer compositions comprising EDDS are also described. Also disclosed are processes for using the compositions.

Abstract: An antifreeze and de-icing system containing a freezing point lowering chlorine containing inorganic substance like NaCl, MgCl.sub.2 or CaCl.sub.2 and admixed with the substance, a mixture of potassium carbonate and water soluble alkali silicate.

Abstract: An economical attrition resistant granular composition for melting ice and inhibiting corrosion of metals and spalling of Portland Cement Concrete and asphalt comprising primarily a water soluble chloride salt, such as sodium chloride, or magnesium chloride; very small amounts of an oxygen scavenger such as sodium nitrite; a surface deactivating corrosion inhibitor such as sodium borate; and an in-situ formed water soluble phosphate salt such as ammonium phosphate amounting to between 1 and 10 percent exhibiting a property of chemically reacting with metal surfaces to form protective coatings of insoluble metal phosphate salts, the soluble phosphate salt serving as an adhesive and a buffering agent to provide hard granules of ice melter with a pH between 5 and 8. A method of preparing the composition is provided.

Abstract: The invention hereof is a new highway deicing additive and a method for deicing asphalt highways. It has been discovered that a small amount of starch added to the salt/water sprayed on highways provides the unexpected property of retaining salt particles in the top portion of the "voids" in the asphalt roads for a period of 2 to 4 hours. The starch can be incorporated into water by mixing; biocides can be added if the starch/water mixture is to be stored more than 2 days. Salt is added to the water/starch mixture prior to deposition on the road. The new treatment works by increasing the viscosity of the aqueous fluid sprayed on the highway to form a water gel structure on the road providing a "platform" for the salt particles in the top portion of the asphalt. The new additive also reduces the need and cost of "follow-up" salt treatments.The additive and method are particularly useful for the new type of asphalt being used on highways in Europe which has a super-porous structure when laid as a road-bed.

Abstract: An anti-icing composition having anti-corrosion and anti-spalling properties including an anti-icing chemical selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, urea, calcium magnesium acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium formate and combinations thereof, the anti-icing chemicals being at least 5% by weight of said anti-icing composition; an anti-corrosion compound being 2 butyne-1,4 diol in the range of trace amounts up to 5% by weight of the anti-icing composition; a water-soluble anti-spalling compound in the range of trace amounts up to 10% by weight of the anti-icing composition; and a diluent chemical, such as water, in the range of 10% to 80% by weight of said anti-icing composition.

Abstract: Chemically stable, perfluorinated, linear or cyclic polyorganosiloxanes (POS), and a process for the preparation thereof. Antifoams, agents for lowering surface tension, dirt repellents, antiadhesives, lubricants, oleophobic and/or hydrophobic agents, coatings and other compositions containing the perfluorinated POS are disclosed.

Abstract: A deicing and anti-icing composition for aircraft surfaces including a base compound being propylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol in the range of 35.0% to 80.0% by weight of the deicing and anti-icing composition. A diluent is included in the form of water for use as a carrier fluid for the glycol. A first molecular weight non-ionic surfactant agent is included having an HLB in the range of 4 to 17, and a second molecular weight non-ionic surfactant agent is included having an HLB in the range of 5 to 18. The second non-ionic surfactant agent has an HLB at least two (2) units higher than the first non-ionic surfactant agent. An emulsifier is included in the form of a polycarboxylate compound being in the range of 1 ppm to 0.5% by weight of the deicing and anti-icing composition. A pH control agent maintains the pH of the deicing and anti-icing composition between a 6 and 10 value.

Abstract: The present invention describes an aqueous, non-electrolytic, non-toxic, biodegradable, continuous single phase liquid anti-icing or deicing composition for use on the surfaces of, for example, aircraft, airport pavements, roadways, walkways, bridges, entrances, structures, canals, locks, components, vessels, nautical components, railroad switches, and motor vehicles. The anti-icing or deicing composition comprises: (a) water; (b) a non-toxic freezing point depressant selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohols having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, polyhydric alcohols having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, monomethyl or ethyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols having from 3 to 12 atoms or mixtures thereof, wherein the freezing point depressant present is between about 14 to 60 percent by weight; (c) a thickener which is present in between about 0.01 and 10 percent by weight; and (d) optionally a corrosion inhibitor which is present in between about 0.01 and 0.1 percent by weight of the total composition.

Abstract: Aircraft deicing or antiicing compositions based on glycols and water consist essentially of:a) from 80 to 92% by weight of alkylene glycol having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, an oxyalkylene glycol having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof,b) from 0.05 to 1.0% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant comprising alcohols having 10 to 20 carbon atoms alkoxylated with from 1 to 10 equivalents of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or mixtures thereof,c) from 0.1 to 0.8% by weight of polymeric carboxylic acid having a molecular weight of from 1,000 to 10,000,d) from 0 to 1.5% by weight of ammonia or of a hydroxyalkylamine,e) from 0 to 1.5% by weight of a further surfactant,f) from 0.01 to 0.8% by weight of at least one corrosion inhibitor, andg) water as remainder.

Abstract: A composition for use as a de-icing fluid comprising a glycol based aqueous solution thickened with about 0.01 to about 5.0% by weight of a cross-linked hydrophobically modified copolymer of an acrylic acid which has a Brookfield mucilage viscosity of at least 25,000 cP at 0.5% by weight polymer dosage, a holdover time of at least 60 minutes, a shear thinning index of at least 20, and a shear loss of less than 15% and acceptable aerodynamic performance.

Abstract: A surface treating agent comprising a reaction product of (A) a fluoroalkyl group-containing alkoxysilane with (B) an amino group-containing alkoxysilane and optionally further with (C) an alkyl group-containing alkoxysilane is water soluble. The agent is diluted with water to form a solution for treating glass and other substrates to impart durable water repellency and other improved properties to the substrates.

Abstract: A storage stable particulate composition for effectivly melting ice at cold temperatures without causing corrosion damage to metals it contacts in its use area, comprising primarily a water soluble chloride salt of a metal exhibiting a positive valence of from 1 to 2, such as potassium or magnesium chloride; a minor portion of a water soluble phosphate salt such as monosodium phosphate; and a substantial amount of water soluble alkaline earth metal carboxylate, such as magnesium acetate, coatingly covering the chloride and phosphate salts. Other corrosion inhibitors and modifiers of physical properties may be combined with the chloride and phosphate salts. A method of preparing the coated deicer granules is provided.

Abstract: The composition described includes as thickener water-soluble crosslinked acrylic homopolymers having a mean molecular weight of from 750,000 to 1,250,900 and a viscosity, in the form of a 0.5% strength by weight aqueous solution with a pH of 7.0 and a temperature of 20.degree. C., of from 1000 to 13,000 mPa.multidot.s, measured with a Brookfield viscometer at 20 rpm, and in addition thereto from 0.02 to 1.5% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant formed from an alcohol having 6 to 22 carbon atoms which is reacted with from 1 to 10 molecules of a low molecular mass alkylene oxide, and from 0.03 to 1% by weight of at least one water-soluble salt compound of an inorganic acid or a carboxylic acid or a mixture thereof. The deicing liquid described is notable for a long holdover time and good flowoff behavior.

Abstract: Aqueous glass cleaning compositions with optimal antifog properties contain a quaternary compound and an amphoteric surfactant having the formula ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently alkyl groups or R.sup.2 is a single bond (wherein R.sup.1 +R.sup.2 is C.sub.6-14), k is 0 or 1, l is 1-6, m is 1-4,R.sup.3 is --CH.sub.2 OH or --COOM (wherein M is H or alkali metal), n is 1-4, p is 1-4 and R.sup.4 is --COOM.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new and improved, environmentally acceptable and negligibly corrosive deicing composition comprising by-products from the production of cheese from various milks. The active ingredients of the present invention are the liquids that remain after the coagulated cheese has been removed from the milks, said liquids being commonly known in the cheese making industry as "whey." The invention also relates to the use of a deicing composition in a manner that helps to reduce the buildup of snow and ice on roads, bridges and other outdoor surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new and improved, environmentally acceptable and negligibly corrosive deicing composition comprising by-products from the fermentation and production of wine from grapes and other fruit, as well as from grains. The active ingredients of the present invention are the the solubles that settle during the fermentation process, said solubles being commonly known in the wine making industry as "Vintners' Condensed Solubles", and less technically known as "wine bottoms" and "lees". The invention also relates to the use of a deicing composition in a manner that helps to reduce the buildup of snow and ice on roads, bridges and other outdoor surfaces.

Abstract: A glycol- and/or glycerin-based "universal" aircraft fluid (i.e., usable as any of Type I, II, III, or IV fluids), and having good resistance to degradation of viscosity and other critical properties caused by exposure to heat and/or shear, is disclosed. The fluid may optionally be prepared as a concentrate, and thereafter significantly diluted in the field for diverse uses. The improved performance is achieved by neutralizing a latex of a hydrophobe-containing, polymeric thickener with a base, preferably an alkali metal hydroxide, and preferably in combination with a weak base, such as a salt of a weak acid, and a surfactant which associates with the thickener.

Abstract: This invention pertains to hydrocarbon fuel composition and deicing compoion prepared with a compound selected from the group consisting of acetals, ketals, esters, derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof; and a process for deicing a substrate using the noted deicing composition.

Abstract: A method of making a vegetation-friendly ice melting composition with sub-zero ice melting characteristics is described. The method of making the composition includes mixing from about 60-90 parts by weight non-fully hydrated ice melter, which is preferably calcium chloride with from about 10-40 parts by weight of fertilizer, which is preferably urea. The most preferred composition is about 70 parts by weight of calcium chloride and about 30 parts by weight urea. The calcium chloride and urea are preferably admixed first to coat the calcium chloride. To this mixture is added a measured amount of powdered non-fully hydrated calcium chloride as a solid coatant. The non-fully hydrated calcium chloride by hydration forms a coating around the ice melt base. The resultant mixture is discharged from the mixer, screened and packaged.

Abstract: An anti-icing fluid suitable for ground treatment of aircraft, being a glycol-based, aqueous solution containing a hydrophobe-bearing, macromonomer-containing polymer thickener in an amount of less than about 5 weight %. Thickening occurs predominantly by association among hydrophobe groups. Thickening may be enhanced by addition of a surfactant or other materials which act as co-thickeners. Use of this thickened fluid does not adversely affect airfoil lift characteristics during takeoff, because the fluid exhibits shear thinning and readily flows off the aircraft surfaces when exposed to wind shear during the aircraft's takeoff run.

Abstract: A method of protecting structures and articles from environmental exposure uses a semi-permanent or temporary in situ formed film or tarp to cover the protected articles. The film is environmentally safe and biodegradable. The film also may function as a release film to protect surfaces, such as aircraft wings and refrigeration surfaces, from ice accumulation and may act as a confining barrier to control particulate materials during transportation.

Abstract: A traction aggregate suitable for antiskidding applications where reduced dust generation is desired. An expanded substrate is saturated with a liquid absorbed dust suppressant and sealed with a liquid water repellant sealant/dust suppressant. The aggregate traction material may be dispersed over thoroughfares to provide adequate traction for vehicles and, once the snow/ice melts and the roadway dries, leaves behind a non-dusting material that will remain a dust suppressant material during and after subsequent vehicular degradation.

Abstract: This composition consists of a coated composition of solid ice melting agents, abrasives and absorbents. The coated composition employs a coating of calcium chloride.The method of making the composition, also part of the invention, includes placing a solid ice melting agent such as urea, potassium chloride, sodium chloride and abrasives such as sand, gravel, cinders, and absorbents (i.e. calcined diatomaceous earth) into a mechanical stirring device; and spraying a measured amount of adhering solution on to the medium. This adhering solution may be made up, but not limited to, plain water, solutions of organic or inorganic solids with ice melting properties, etc. To this mixture is added a measured amount of powdered non-fully hydrated calcium chloride as a solid coatant. The non-fully hydrated calcium chloride by hydration forms a coating around the ice melt base. The resultant mixture is discharged from the mixer, screened and packaged.

Abstract: An alkaline, non-phosphate, ice melter composition containing common deicers and anticorrosion chemicals (used to prevent base metal attack in acid pickling baths) and which is substantially less corrosive to steel than ordinary tap water. The composition will be environmentally safer and greatly reduce the corrosion of steel bridges, parking decks, railroad station platforms, guard rails on roads, other metal structures, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new and improved, environmentally acceptable and negligibly corrosive deicing composition comprising by-products from a wet milling process of corn, which by-products are biodegradable. The invention also relates to the use of a deicing composition in a manner that helps to reduce the buildup of snow and ice on roads, bridges and other outdoor surfaces.

Abstract: This composition consists of a coated composition of solid ice melting agents, abrasives and absorbents. The coated composition employs a coating of calcium chloride.The method of making the composition, also part of the invention, includes placing a solid ice melting agent such as urea, potassium chloride, sodium chloride and abrasives such as sand, gravel, cinders, and absorbents (i.e. calcined diatomaceous earth) into a mechanical stirring device; and spraying a measured amount of adhering solution on to the medium. This adhering solution may be made up, but not limited to, plain water, solutions of organic or inorganic solids with ice melting properties, etc. To this mixture is added a measured amount of powdered non-fully hydrated calcium chloride as a solid coatant. The non-fully hydrated calcium chloride by hydration forms a coating around the ice melt base. The resultant mixture is discharged from the mixer, screened and packaged.

Abstract: Improved corrosion inhibitors for use with road deicing compositions are provided which lessen the typical corrosive properties on metal and/or concrete resulting from application of road deicers. The inhibitors of the invention include respective quantities of a citrate component such as citric acid, as well as a second silicate or metasilicate component, e.g., sodium metasilicate. The inhibitor compositions preferably include from about 0.5%-50% by weight of the citrate component and from about 50%-99.5% by weight of the second component. The inhibitors are generally used at a level of at least about 1.5% by weight to create inhibited road deicing mixtures.

Abstract: This invention relates to antifreeze multi-component compositions which are combined substantially simultaneous with their application to target surfaces. More specifically, component part A is a mixture which includes some percentage of polysaccharides which contain acid functional groups and a gelatinous material while part B contains at least one polyvalent cation and a solvent. Part A components and part B components are kept separate until ready for application at which time part A and part B components are sprayed onto the intended surface and mixed together in the presence of pressurized air to produce a gel which will adhere to the surface being coated and react to form a resilient coating. Uses for the compositions of this invention include coating aircraft parts such as wings to prevent or remove icing while the plane awaits takeoff. At takeoff, the composition which may contain a release agent, will quickly sluff off the treated parts of the aircraft.

Abstract: Compositions and a method for inhibiting coal oxidation. Coal oxidation is inhibited by applying an aqueous solution of cationic polymer to coal surfaces which are exposed to air. The compositions are preferably applied to coal as foams.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of road deicer products preferably containing calcium magnesium acetate or calcium magnesium acetate/calcium magnesium propionate is provided. The process involves first providing a residual water plant sludge starting material containing calcium and magnesium compounds, and reacting this sludge with stoichiometric quantities of at least acetic acid and more preferably both acetic and propionic acids. The resultant reaction product can then be dried, ground and granulated to provide a dry, free flowing road deicer product.

Abstract: To prepare a corrosion-inhibiting liquid de-icing agent based on alkali metal acetates, 30 to 50 percent strength by weight alkali metal hydroxide solution is introduced into a reaction container provided with a cooling device and a mixing device, and 85 to 100% strength acetic acid is metered into the reaction container until the ratio by weight of acetic acid to alkali metal hydroxide solution therein (0.30 to 0.45):1. A portion of this solution is transferred from the reaction container to a stirred dissolving tank and 0.03 to 1% by weight, relative to the batch, of benzotriazole and/or tolyltriazole and/or imidazole is dissolved therein. The resulting solution containing azole is introduced into the reaction container along with 0.01 to 0.2% by weight of phosphoric acid, relative to the batch. Acetic acid continues to be metered into the reaction container until the density of the solution in the reaction container is 1.07 to 1.39 g/cm.sup.3 at 20.degree. C.

Abstract: In an improved ice melter comprising an alpha-methyl glucoside and method of making same, an ice melter, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,960,531 is further improved in respect to providing improved melting capabilities by providing a substantially uniform coating of alpha methyl glucoside-urea mixture the potassium chloride substrate of a potassium chloride and sodium chloride salt mixture or providing a substantially uniform coating of alpha methyl glucoside-urea mixture to both potassium and sodium chloride salt mixture. The improved invention also includes the method of making the composition which includes the steps for example, of(1) heating a solution of alpha-methyl glucoside;(2) adding urea to the heated alpha-methyl glucoside;(3) heating methyl glucoside and urea mixture;(4) applying the heated alpha methyl-glucoside and urea mixture to potassium chloride; and(5) adding sodium chloride to the potassium chloride.