Abstract: The present invention provides deicing compositions which are environmentally benign, a process for producing the composition from certain waste process streams, and methods of deicing and/or anti-icing.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a liquid coating to a deicer composition, methods of applying a liquid coating to a deicer composition, and solid deicer compositions that have been coated using the apparatus or method of the invention are disclosed. The apparatus includes a screw conveyor that has a housing, at least one screw with a plurality of flights, an inlet for uncoated deicer, an inlet for a liquid coating composition, and an outlet for deicer coated with the liquid coating composition. The screws contain protrusions or tabs that extend from the surrounding surface of the screw. These protrusions or tabs aid in the mixing of the solid deicer and the liquid coating composition in order to provide a well-mixed deicer that resists caking while avoiding losing the coating composition to leaching.

Abstract: The present provides novel deicing and anti-icing compositions which are especially adapted for and are highly useful as deicing and anti-corrosion products, especially on many surfaces which require protection against icing and corrosion, such as airport runways.

Abstract: The present provides novel deicing and anti-icing compositions which are especially adapted for and are highly useful as deicing and anti-corrosion products, especially on many surfaces which require protection against icing and corrosion, such as airport runways.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes a carbohydrate, a freezing point depressant and an anti-corrosion agent in the form of phytic acid and its salts.

Abstract: Deicing compositions comprised of hydroxyl-containing organic compounds and/or organic acid salts are disclosed.

Abstract: An anti-fog article is obtained by coating a substrate with an anti-fog coating material to form thereon an anti-fog coating film that is hydrophillic, moisture-absorptive, insoluble and excellent in surface hardness. The anti-fog coating material contains a polyacrylic acid compound, polyvinyl alcohol and acetylacetone, and optionally sodium silicate.

Abstract: A substrate having at least two treated surface layers, wherein the first layer constituting the outermost layer among the treated surface layers is a layer formed by covering with a composition containing a reactive silane compound (I) which forms a surface having a rolling angle of at most 30° to water, and the second layer constituting an underlayer in contact with the first layer is a layer formed by covering with a composition (II) containing a fluorine-containing reactive silane compound (II) which forms a surface having a contact angle of at least 100° to water.

Abstract: Coal and other piles of particulates exposed to the weather are inhibited from freezing by treating them with potassium formate.

Abstract: A liquid deicer composition suitable for use as a deicer or as a pre-coat for solid deicers is disclosed. The composition typically includes molasses solids, magnesium chloride, and a corrosion inhibitor. In one implementation the liquid deicer composition includes molasses solids; magnesium chloride, and a corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: A composition for reducing the buildup of snow and ice on a surface. The composition includes a sugar-water mixture having approximately 15 to 80 percent by weight of a sugar solid, wherein the sugar solid contains approximately 2-60 percent by weight of a monosaccharide.

Abstract: A water repellent glass treatment for automotive applications comprising a windshield washer solvent which contains quaternary compounds, preferably siloxane based quaternary ammonium compounds, fatty quaternary ammonium compounds, and mixtures thereof which are dispersible in water, alcohol's and water alcohol mixtures and imparts a good degree of hydrophobicity to the windshield surface. The fluid is used in underhood washer solvent reservoirs and applied to the windshield of the automobile in the conventional manner and is packaged in diluted solution or a concentrate for addition to the windshield cleaner/solvent solution.

Abstract: The anti-icing composition of the present invention includes a glassy matrix formed by crosslinking a mixture of a functionally-terminated silicone and an alkoxy-functionalized siloxane to provide an interpenetrating polymer network of glass and silicone, at least two materials capable of microphase separation, at least one of which is graftable to the glassy matrix and a freezing point depression agent. The present invention also provides a glass matrix formed by crosslinking a mixture of an epoxy, an alkoxy-functionalized siloxane, and a compound capable of compatibilizing the epoxy and the alkoxy-functionalized silaxane to provide an epoxy-modified interpenetrating polymer network of glass and epoxy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coated polymer film having an essentially streak-free coated surface that resists the formation of fog. The film includes a self-supporting polymer film layer, and an anti-fog coating on the film layer. The anti-fog coating, which can also be applied to alternate substrates, consisting essentially of a copolyester binder and an anionic surfactant, wherein the surfactant contains less than about 0.5 weight percent of a fluorosurfactant. A slip agent can also be included in the anti-fog coating.

Abstract: A composition for reducing the buildup of snow and ice on a surface. The composition includes a sugar-water mixture having approximately 15 to 80 percent by weight of a sugar solid, wherein the sugar solid contains approximately 2-60 percent by weight of a monosaccharide.

Abstract: A heat-shrinkable polyester film having a shrinkability in hot water (hereinafter referred to as a hot-water shrinkability) at 95° C. for 10 seconds ranging from 30% to 50% in at least one direction (hereinafter referred to as direction (A)) and ranging from 25% to 45% in a direction (hereinafter referred to as direction (B)) perpendicular to said at least one direction, wherein a difference &Dgr;HS between the hot-water shrinkability in direction (A) and the hot-water shrinkability in direction (B) (ie., &Dgr;HS=|hot-water shrinkability in direction (A)—hot-water shrinkability in direction (B)|) is 10% or smaller, is useful as a wrapping material, mainly as a covering material for the openings of vessels used for packing noodles, puddings, salads, and other foods.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing organic silicon compound represented by the following formula (1):   (1) provided that the symbols in the formula (1) have the following meanings: R1 and R2: respectively independently monovalent hydrocarbon groups; Af: a group represented by the following formula (2), (3), (4) or (5): A1—X1—  (2) A2—X2—O—X1—  (3) A1—X2—O—X1—  (4) A2—X1—  (5) provided that the symbols in the formulae (2), (3), (4) and (5) have the following meanings: A1: a monovalent polyfluorohydrocarbon group; A2: a monovalent polyfluorohydrocarbon group containing an etheric oxygen atom; X1: —(CH2)a— (a is an integer of at least 3); X2: a bivalent hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes a low molecular weight carbohydrate, a inorganic freezing point depressant in the form of a chloride salt or acetate, and a thickener. The molecular weight of the carbohydrate is from about 180 to 500, with a preferred range of about 180 to 1000. In a further embodiment, amino acids and/or oligopeptides may replace or be used with the carbohydrate component.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes a low molecular weight carbohydrate, an inorganic freezing point depressant in the form of a chloride salt or acetate, and a thickener. The molecular weight of the carbohydrate is from about 180 to 500, with a preferred range of about 180 to 1000.

Abstract: A neutral titanium dioxide colloid sol having a high stability in a neutral range and capable of forming a colorless transparent coating even when dried at room temperature is produced by mixing an acid titanium dioxide sol comprising 50 to 100 parts by weight of titanium dioxide colloidal particles and 5 to 50 parts by weight of a chelating agent for titanium ions with 1 to 50 parts by weight of an alkaline substance comprising at least one of alkali metal compounds and amine compounds, and optionally by adjusting the pH value of the liquid mixture to 5 to 10, or adjusting the pH value of the liquid mixture to 6 to 10, and then applying a deionization treatment to the mixture to thereby charge the titanium dioxide colloidal particles with negative electricity.

Abstract: A composition is proposed for use in preventing the formation of ice or snow on outdoor surfaces, such as roadways or aggregate stockpiles, and also for deicing surfaces upon which snow or ice has formed. The composition is formed from a waste product of the process of removing sugar from molasses, also known as desugared molasses. As a byproduct of a widely used process for making edible sugar, the desugared molasses is readily available at a low cost. Moreover, the composition is ready for use in conventional spraying equipment without the need for mixing agents, is environmentally friendly, and is able to perform at temperatures well below the freezing point of water. The composition is also non-corrosive and can be admixed with chloride salts, such as magnesium, calcium, or sodium chloride, to reduce the corrosiveness of the resulting solution while still providing effective deicing activity.

Abstract: A liquid deicer composition suitable for use as a deicer or as a pre-coat for solid deicers is disclosed. The composition typically includes molasses solids, magnesium chloride, and a corrosion inhibitor. In one implementation the liquid deicer composition includes molasses solids; magnesium chloride, and a corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol and related compounds are provided that inhibit the freezing of water and water solutions. These synthetic compounds preferentially bind and inhibit ice nucleating surfaces in a manner similar to natural antifreeze proteins. The resulting inhibition allows water and water solutions to supercool without ice formation to temperatures below the thermodynamic freezing point. The freezing inhibition occurs at concentrations as small as one part per million, although concentrations up to one part per hundred are preferred. These polyvinyl alcohol additives are very useful for enhancing the performance of antifreeze formulations, biological cryopreservation solutions, and for preventing frost damage to plants and other industrial products and processes.

Abstract: A solid material is treated, the chemical structure of which defines reactive protogenic hydrophillic functions accessible to gases, by applying at least one gas stream (3) onto at least one microdispersion (5) of at least one grafting reagent RX produced on the solid material, R being a hydrophobic group, X being chosen so that HX is volatile under normal conditions, R and X being chosen so that the reaction of RX on the hydrophillic functions produces covalent grafting of the hydrophobic group R with formation of the compound HX, it being possible for the reaction to be carried out in a solid/gas heterogeneous medium on all the reactive hydrophillic functions accessible to gases and only on these. The invention extends to the hydrophobic solid material obtained, and is applicable to the obtaining of natural or artificial fibrous or inorganic structures impermeable to water and to aqueous solutions and/or absorbing fats.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a snow-and ice dissolving composition comprising an aqueous solution of urea and ammonium-nitrate. The aqueous solution has a mass ratio of (4.5-5.5):(3.6-4.4):(6.3-7.7). In addition, 1.5-2.0 mass per cent of benzoic-acid and/or 0.10-0.25 mass per cent of benzo-or tolyl triazol as corrosion inhibitors can be added.

Abstract: The present invention provides deicing compositions which are environmentally benign, a process for producing the composition from certain waste process streams, and methods of deicing and/or anti-icing.

Abstract: A de-icing and anti-icing composition in the form of an aqueous solution which includes a low molecular weight carbohydrate, a inorganic freezing point depressant in the form of a chloride salt, and a thickener. The molecular weight of the carbohydrate is from about 180 to 500, with a preferred range of about 180 to 1000.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an anti-fogging/anti-splash composition that can be used for anti-fog/anti-splash applications. When applied to the surface of a transparent or reflective substrate, the composition dries relatively clear and comprises a solution of a non-toxic, fast drying solvent or alcohol and a surface active agent containing sodium lauryl ether sulfate, and either a block ethylene oxide/polyethylene oxide copolymer, an ethoxylated amine, an ethoxylated acetylenic alcohol, sodium sulfosuccinate, ethoxylated sorbitan ester, random EO/PO polymers on butyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly liquid for the prevention of freezing of aircrafts and runways, said liquid being particularly suitable to various spraying equipments. The vapor pressure of the said liquid is less than 5 Pa, and the acute oral toxicity, LD50, is more than 10 000 mg/kg. This anti-freezing liquid comprises 10-60 wt. % trimethyl glycin or derivatives thereof, and 40-90 wt. % water, and optionally additives known for anti-freezing liquids.

Abstract: Improved deicing compositions and methods are provided. In particular, the subject invention is directed at deicing compositions which are suitable and effective for airport applications in which corrosion of magnesium based alloys is an issue. In particular, the invention is directed at deicing compositions which are less corrosive of steel and aluminum and certain magnesium based parts than conventional road salt. For example, the invention is directed to deicing compositions which are substantially less corrosive than allowed for use on aircraft metal parts, such as magnesium based alloys unlike acetate and formate salts. The subject invention is also directed at deicing compositions which inhibit the corrosive effects of conventional road salt. The subject invention is also directed at deicing compositions comprising effective deicing amounts of succinate salts, such as potassium succinate (trihydrate), ammonium succinate (anyhdrous), sodium succinate (hexahydrate), either alone or in combination.

Abstract: To the surface of a semiconductor substrate made of silicon, isopropenoxytrimethylsilane is supplied as a surface treating agent to render the surface of the semiconductor substrate hydrophobic and increase adhesion to the semiconductor substrate. Thus, Si(CH3)3 (trimethylsilyl group) is substituted for the hydrogen atom of an OH group on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, resulting in (CH3)2CO (acetone). Subsequently, a chemically amplified resist is applied to the surface of the semiconductor substrate and exposed to light by using a desired mask, followed sequentially by PEB and development for forming a pattern. Since the surface treating agent does not generate ammonia, there can be formed a pattern in excellent configuration with no insoluble skin layer formed thereon.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a resin sheet for thermoforming which can be fabricated into containers and lids or caps for containers in the food packaging industries, particularly those which are resistant to heating in a microwave oven, which containers and lids or caps are excellent in transparency, antifog property, impact resistance, and heat resistance are obtained. A process for preparing an antifogged sheet comprising a propylene resin sheet with an antifogging agent comprising a polyglycerol fatty acid ester or a sucrose fatty acid ester as an effective ingredient.

Abstract: Asphaltic concrete compounds comprised of asphalt cement and aggregate have, as a substantial portion of their respective aggregates, anthracite coal particles and fines, which are added specially as a lossy microwave material. These asphaltic concrete compounds are particularly useful when laid down as a pavement, or a top layer of a pavement, which thereafter can be freed of ice, by using microwave energy to debond the ice. The debonding of the ice occurs without causing any noticeable melting of the ice, and the debonded ice is thereafter easily lifted and removed from the pavement of the way, serving as a roadway, highway, runway, or walkway. Also these asphaltic concrete compounds are particularly useful as patching materials when damaged pavement is being repaired, especially during cold weather.

Abstract: A deicing and snow-removing composition, comprising 30 to 100 parts by weight of calcium oxide (CaO), 5 to 30 parts by weight of magnesium chloride (MgCl2), 3 to 10 parts by weight of calcium chloride (CaCl2), and 0.2 to 2 parts by weight of sodium alginate. A method for preparing such a composition in which the above-mentioned ingredients are combined, gradually heated to 100° C. or higher, and then rapidly heated up to 200° C., and cooled at room temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photo-curable antifogging composition which may be applied to substrates such as glass, various plastic materials and the like to give antifogging property on the surface of these substrates. The main ingredient of the composition is a quaternary ammonium salt of the following formula (1): wherein: R1 is CH3(CH2)nCH2 or CH3(CH2)nCH2C6H4 wherein n is an integer from 1 to 16 inclusive; R2 and R3 are the same or different from each other, and represent CH2═C(CH3)COOCH2CH(OH)CH2,CH2═CHCOOCH2CH(OH)CH2 or H, with the proviso that R2 and R3 may not be H at the same time; R4 is H, CH3, CH3CH2 or CH3CH2CH2; and X is CH3OSO3, CH3CH2OSO3, CH3COO, CF3COO, CH3(CH2)nCOO wherein n is an integer from 1 to 16 inclusive, CH3(CH2)7CH═CH(CH2)7COO, C6H5COO, C6H5CH(OH)COO, HOOCCH2CH(OH)COO, Cl or Br.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which can hydrophilify the surface of a member to impart an antifogging property to the surface of the member. The composition for hydrophilifying the surface of the member comprises at least (a) photocatalytic particles of a metallic oxide, (b) a precursor capable of forming a silicone resin film or a precursor capable of forming a silica film, and (c) a solvent, the total content of the photocatalytic particle and the solid matter of the precursor in the composition being 0.01 to 5% by weight. The hydrophilic property can be imparted simply by applying the composition onto a member and drying or heating the composition applied to the member. The resultant hydrophilic thin film is transparent and, hence, does not sacrifice the transparency and appearance of a member required to be transparent.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a particulate deicing composition comprising a particulate deicer salt such as sodium chloride; and a particulate plant material having a particle size of from about 2000.mu. or less and a moisture content of from about 12 percent or less. The particulate deicer salt and the particulate plant material are in relative amounts so that the particulate plant material is effective for inhibiting the corrosivity of the deicer salt on ferrous metal.

Abstract: Liquid and solid de-icing and anti-acing agents comprise neutral or alkaline, non-chloride, non-phosphate and non-glycol compositions that are biodegradable, non-toxic, and environmentally benign. Liquid compositions are based on aqueous solutions of one or more organic acid salts such as lactic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid salts (preferably potassium or sodium). Solid compositions comprise organic-based porous pulp and paper sludge granules impregnated with a liquid de-icing composition or its ingredient(s), and dried. The liquid compositions can be obtained either by direct mixing of commercially available chemicals, or by chemical transformation of commercially available acids, or by fermentation of glucose, sucrose, fructose, or other sugars, or combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of melting snow and ice on traffic areas, which comprises applying to the traffic areas covered with snow and ice a deicer in an amount of from 5 to 100 g/m.sup.2, which comprises from 30 to 70% by weight of sodium formate, from 30 to 70% by weight of sodium chloride and from 0.1 to 3% by weight of a corrosion inhibitor, and which is used in the form of solid particles having a diameter of from 0.3 to 10 mm or in aqueous solution with a content of from 5 to 25% by weight of the deicer.

Abstract: A novel chloride salt based de-icing composition comprising a corrosion inhibitor of a de-sugared sugar beet molasses. The corrosion inhibited de-icing compound comprises from 5 to 25 percent by weight of de-sugared molasses compared with the weight percent of the chloride salt in the de-icing composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides deicing compositions which are environmentally, a process for producing the composition from certain waste process streams, and methods of deicing and/or anti-icing.

Abstract: A freeze-preventing material comprises cement, salt, and water-absorbing resins. The freeze-preventing material is scattered on the pavement surface in the form of slurry to prevent the pavement surface from freezing. Thereby a freeze-preventing effect is maintained for a long period of time owing to the water-absorbing resins which absorb and retain the salt in large amounts. The anti-freezing effect can be restored by spraying the pavement with the salt again.

Abstract: I provide an outer anti-corrosion aluminum or aluminum alloy protective coating composition. The composition may be applied directly to the aluminum or aluminum alloy or to an anodized form thereof or to an anodized or non-anodized aluminum or aluminum article which has a non-chromium conversion coating therein. The outer protective coating composition contains as essential ingredients an aqueous emulsion of a polybasic acid, a polyol and a lanolin wax acid which react in-situ on the article. Also, I provide the aluminum or aluminum alloy article having thereon an outer layer of an anti-corrosive lanolin wax polyester coating and a method of forming an anti-corrosion layer on the outer surface of the article.

Abstract: A composition is proposed for use in preventing the formation of ice or snow on outdoor surfaces, such as roadways or aggregate stockpiles, and also for deicing surfaces upon which snow or ice has formed. The composition is formed from a waste product of the process of removing sugar from sugar beet molasses, also known as desugared sugar beet molasses. As a byproduct of a widely used process for making edible sugar, the desugared sugar beet molasses is readily available at a low cost. Moreover, the composition is ready for use in conventional spraying equipment without the need for mixing agents, is environmentally friendly, and is able to perform at temperatures well below the freezing point of water. The composition is also non-corrosive and can be admixed with chloride salts, such as magnesium, calcium, or sodium chloride, to reduce the corrosiveness of the resulting solution while still providing effective deicing activity.

Abstract: This invention employs discrete, free-flowing particles as substrates for the absorption of water as a phase changing, thermal payload. The aqueous payloads are retained in the particles as they cycle between freezing and thawing, delivering and absorbing sensible and latent heat. Extraparticualate additives in the form of finely divided hydrophobic solids prevent the particles from freezing together into a solid block in preparation for their use as a cooling agent. With free-flowing properties thus secured over a wide temperature range, cooling media of this invention are particularly suitable for healthcare applications.

Abstract: The deicing composition described consists essentially of a) from 87 to 99.45% by weight of an alkali metal acetate or an alkali metal formate or a mixture thereof, b) from 0.5 to 10% by weight of an alkali metal silicate, and c) from 0.05 to 3% by weight of an alkali metal phosphate. It can be employed in solid form (powder, granules and the like) or in the form of an aqueous solution. It ensures a short thaw time and corrosion protection, especially with regard to magnesium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrophilic article having (a) a substrate; and (b) a hydrophilic film formed on the substrate. This film has a hydrophilic outermost layer containing (1) a titania; (2) an amorphous oxide in an amount of from 5 to 25 wt % based on the total weight of the outermost layer; and (3) silica particles having a particle diameter of from 3 to 20 nm. A combination of the titania and the amorphous oxide constitutes the hydrophilic outermost layer's matrix phase (continuous phase), and the silica particles constitute the disperse phase distributed over the matrix phase. The hydrophilic outermost layer is superior in abrasion resistance and duration of hydrophilicity.

Abstract: A quick acting ice melting composition which contains an effective amount of an ice melter combination with an ice melter compatible surface active agent which enhances the melt speed of the ice melter.

Abstract: A coating composition which imparts anti-reflective and anti-fog properties to substrates coated therewith. The coating composition utilizes an inorganic metal oxide in combination with particular anionic surfactants. The coating compositions are particularly useful in the manufacture of disposable surgical masks and face shields.

Abstract: Method and compositions for reducing or removing ice formation from surfaces where the compositions consist essentially of (i) one or more polyhydric alcohols and (ii) one or more non-potassium, low carbon percentage organic compounds, and optionally one or more non-potassium, non-halide inorganic compounds and/or monohydric alcohols, whereby the freezing point of the composition is depressed.