Abstract: An inductor includes a coil including a winding section and extended sections, a body containing the coil and having a bottom surface and end surfaces adjacent to the bottom surface and opposed to each other, and outer electrodes on at least the bottom surface and connected to the extended sections. The winding-axis direction of the coil intersects with the bottom surface. The conductor has a cross section with a rectangular shape defined by thickness and width and has first surfaces defined by its extending direction and the thickness direction and second surfaces defined by the extending direction and the width direction. The winding section is spirally wound such that the second surfaces are on an outer side and on an inner side, respectively, and is wound in two tiers connected in their innermost locations, and both ends are in outermost locations in the tiers, respectively.

Abstract: A display panel, a display device, and a vehicle monitoring device are provided. The display panel includes a display area and a light-transmitting area adjacent to the display area. The display panel includes a first base and a second base opposite to each other and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first base and the second base. The display panel includes a planarization layer, a passivation layer, and an electrode layer disposed on a side of the first base close to the second base. Further, an orthographic projection of the electrode layer on the first base is outside the light-transmitting area.

Abstract: Provided is a metal-particle dispersion composition as a composition containing dispersed metal particles and being suitable for use in aqueous coating compositions, etc., the metal-particle dispersion composition comprising 10-80 mass % metal particles, 0.01-10 mass % organic titanate compound in a chelate form, 1-40 mass % water, and 2-30 mass % organic solvent having a higher boiling point than water, the amounts being based on the whole composition, wherein the organic titanate compound is an organic compound represented by Ti(OR)4 (the OR groups include at least one chelatable substituent based on triethanolamine) and the organic solvent having a higher boiling point than water is a C7 or lower alcohol compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified siloxane resin, a crosslinked modified siloxane resin, and a method for preparing the crosslinked resin. More specifically, the present invention relates to a modified siloxane resin, a crosslinked modified siloxane resin with excellent superhydrophobicity obtained by dual curing of the resin, and a method for preparing the crosslinked resin. The use of the modified siloxane resin according to the present invention allows the crosslinked modified siloxane resin to have excellent superhydrophobicity and high hardness. The water repellency of the crosslinked resin can be appropriately controlled by varying the amount of the siloxane resin mixed.

Abstract: I. an inorganic-organic hybrid material obtained from A1. one or more partially hydrolysed alkoxysilanes of the formula (Ia), (R1O)nSiR23-nR3 (Ia) A2. optionally one or more partially hydrolysed alkoxysilanes of the formula (Ib), (R4O)nSiR54-n (Ib) B1. one or more metal alkoxides of the formula (IIa), Ti(OR6)4 (IIa) B2. optionally one or more metal alkoxides of the formula (IIb), M+(4-m)(OR7)4-m (IIb) wherein the symbols and indices have the definitions specified in the description and wherein the molar ratio of Si in components A1 and A2 to Ti in component B1 is 1-20:1; C. one or more oligomeric or polymeric polyols; D. one or more blocked, optionally modified polyisocyanates; and E. optionally one or more monomers, oligomers and/or polymers which have one or more free epoxy groups; II. optionally one or more colorants and III. optionally one or more adjuvants, is suitable especially for the decorative and protective coating of metal, glass and plastics substrates.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a display device includes: a mask assembly, wherein the mask assembly includes: a mask frame including an open area; a first mask disposed on the mask frame, the first mask including at least one opening; a second mask disposed on the first mask, the second mask including a mesh portion having a mesh shape and a blocking member to shield a portion of the mesh portion; and a first support supporting a display substrate on the second mask and separating the display substrate from the second mask, wherein the blocking member overlaps the opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photocatalyst that is active under irradiation with UV light, visible light and sunlight, comprising a powder or a ready-to-use nanometric suspension of nitrogen-doped TiO2, wherein the brookite crystalline phase is also present and whose doping nitrogen content (% by weight) is sufficient to ensure photocatalytic activity in the visible region. The photocatalyst can be easily applied to substrates of varying nature.

Abstract: There is provided laminated glass which is high in heat shielding properties. The laminated glass according to the present invention includes a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member and an interlayer film arranged between the first and second laminated glass members, the interlayer film includes an infrared ray reflection layer which reflects infrared rays, a first resin layer which is arranged on a first surface side of the infrared ray reflection layer and contains a thermoplastic resin and a second resin layer which is arranged on a second surface side of the infrared ray reflection layer and contains a thermoplastic resin, and the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the whole layer composed of the first laminated glass member and the first resin layer is higher by 15% or more than the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the whole layer composed of the second laminated glass member and the second resin layer.

Abstract: Provided are a novel chemical conversion treatment agent which is capable of forming, on/over the surface of a metal material, a chemical conversion coating which is superior in corrosion resistance, a method for producing a chemical conversion coating on/over the surface of a metal material with the use of the chemical conversion treatment agent, a metal material having a coating, and a painted metal material. The problem mentioned above can be solved by the chemical conversion treatment agent for forming a coating on/over the surface of a metal material, which characterized by containing: an ion containging at least one metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium; a fluorine ion; at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkanesulfonic acid, an alkanolsulfonic acid, and ions thereof; and an ion containing trivalent iron.

Abstract: The present invention provides a titanium compound sol solution capable of enabling manufacturing of a film high in transparency and having an excellent photocatalyst effect by low-temperature processing, and a coating film using the same. The present invention is a titanium compound sol solution containing a particulate incomplete condensate obtained by condensing an alkoxy titanium, an ?-substituted ?-diketone, and a solvent.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide zirconium oxide nanoparticles that have excellent dispersibility in a polar solvent and are capable of increasing a core concentration in a dispersion liquid. Zirconium oxide nanoparticles according to the present invention are coated with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of R1—COOH, (R1O)3-n—P(O)—(OH)n, (R1)3-n—P(O)—(OH)n, (R1O)—S(O)(O)—(OH), R1—S(O)(O)—(OH), and (R1)4-m—Si(R4)m, wherein R1 represents a group comprising a carbon atom and at least one element selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom, and having the total number of carbon atoms, oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, and sulfur atoms of 8 or less; R4 represents a halogen atom or —OR2, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and n represents 1 or 2, and m represents an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: Provided is a laminate of a sintered body produced by sintering a copper powder paste and a ceramic substrate, which has improved adhesion between the sintered body and the ceramic substrate. A laminate with a copper powder paste sintered body laminated on a non-metal layer, wherein the copper powder paste sintered body has a crystal grain diameter of copper of 10 ?m or less, as determined from an EBSD map image, based on Area Fraction method, and has an average reliability index (CI value) of 0.5 or more in an analysis area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing titanium oxide particles, comprising a step of producing a mixed solution by mixing a hydrolysis product of a titanium alkoxide or a titanium metal salt and a compound having a five-membered ring containing nitrogen and a step of generating titanium oxide fine particles by heating and pressurizing the mixed solution, titanium oxide particles produced by the same production method, a dispersion solution of titanium oxide particles produced using the same titanium oxide particles, titanium oxide paste, a titanium oxide film, and a dye-sensitized solar cell.

Abstract: Conductive adhesive compositions, jettable ink adhesive compositions, printed electronics incorporating the conductive adhesive compositions, and methods for preparing the same are provided. The conductive adhesive composition may include a eutectic metal alloy, an amine, and a solvent, and the eutectic metal alloy may include gallium, indium, and optionally tin.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a method of preparing a two-dimensional (2D) transition metal chalcogenide nanostructure, the method including preparing a 2D transition metal chalcogenide nanostructure by a reaction between a transition metal precursor and a chalcogen precursor in a composition including a solvent, wherein the chalcogen precursor is a compound including a first bond connecting two neighboring chalcogen elements and the second bond connecting one of the two neighboring chalcogen elements and a hetero-element adjacent thereto, and binding energy of the second bond is 110% or less of the binding energy of the first bond, a 2D transition metal chalcogenide nanostructure prepared thereby, and a device including the 2D transition metal chalcogenide nanostructure.

Abstract: Preparation of semiconductor nanocrystals and their dispersions in solvents and other media is described. The nanocrystals described herein have small (1-10 nm) particle size with minimal aggregation and can be synthesized with high yield. The capping agents on the as-synthesized nanocrystals as well as nanocrystals which have undergone cap exchange reactions result in the formation of stable suspensions in polar and nonpolar solvents which may then result in the formation of high quality nanocomposite films.

Abstract: Compositions of matter that have adhesion properties. The presence of a large number of silanols on the molecules described herein creates a solubility or dispersability of these molecules in aqueous solutions that is not obtainable from random hydrolysis of the precursor silanes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for a continuous-flow reactor, methods of making metal nano-alloys, and metal nano-alloys.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electron transport layer for a flexible perovskite solar cell. The electron transport layer includes transition metal-doped titanium dioxide particles. The titanium dioxide particles are densely packed in the electron transport layer. The electron transport layer is transparent. The use of the electron transport layer enables the fabrication of a flexible perovskite solar cell with high power conversion efficiency. Also disclosed is a flexible perovskite solar cell employing the electron transport layer.

Abstract: A composition for forming a PZT-based piezoelectric film formed of Mn-doped composite metal oxides is provided, the composition including: PZT-based precursors containing metal atoms configuring the composite metal oxides; a diol; and polyvinylpyrrolidone, in which when a metal atom ratio in the composition is shown as Pb:Mn:Zr:Ti, the PZT-based precursors are contained so that a metal atom ratio of Pb is satisfied to be from 1.00 to 1.20, a metal atom ratio of Mn is satisfied to be equal to or greater than 0.002 and less than 0.05, a metal atom ratio of Zr is satisfied to be from 0.40 to 0.55, a metal atom ratio of Ti is satisfied to be from 0.45 to 0.60, and the total of Zr and Ti in a metal atom ratio is 1.

Abstract: Methods comprising the steps of contacting a surface with a liquid composition comprising a cleaning agent, an adhesion promoter, and at least one dye, the surface having a first surface contamination; transitioning at least one portion of the surface in the first surface contamination state to a second surface contamination state and simultaneously distributing the at least one dye and at least one adhesion promoter on the surface associated with the second surface contamination state, the second surface contamination state having reduced or eliminated surface contamination, the transitioning step simultaneously cleaning and preparing the at least one portion of the surface for adhesion to another material; and identifying remaining surface in the first surface contamination state, and compositions adapted for the method thereof.

Abstract: A composition used for forming a PZT-based piezoelectric film formed of Mn and Nb co-doped composite metal oxides is provided, in which the composition includes PZT-based precursors so that a metal atom ratio (Pb:Mn:Nb:Zr:Ti) in the composition satisfies (1.00 to 1.25):(0.002 to 0.056):(0.002 to 0.056):(0.40 to 0.60):(0.40 to 0.60), a rate of Mn is from 0.20 to 0.80 when the total of metal atom rates of Mn and Nb is 1, a rate of Zr is from 0.40 to 0.60 when the total of metal atom rates of Zr and Ti is 1, and the total rate of Zr and Ti is from 0.9300 to 0.9902 when the total of metal atom rates of Mn, Nb, Zr, and Ti is 1.

Abstract: A functional ink that includes a precursor sol-gel solution and a solvent is provided. The precursor sol-gel solution is used for forming an oxide dielectric film having a perovskite structure represented by a general formula ABO3, and has been subjected to a partial hydrolysis process in which a viscosity change resulting from the partial hydrolysis process is controlled to be less than or equal to 50%, and water contained in the precursor sol-gel solution is controlled to be greater than or equal to 0.50 times and less than or equal to 10 times by molar ratio with respect to a B site atom contained in the precursor sol-gel solution. The functional ink has a metal oxide concentration and a viscosity that renders the functional ink suitable for being discharged from a nozzle of a liquid droplet discharge apparatus included in a thin film fabrication apparatus.

Abstract: A composition used for forming a PZT-based piezoelectric film formed of Mn and Nb co-doped composite metal oxides is provided, in which the composition includes PZT-based precursors so that a metal atom ratio (Pb:Mn:Nb:Zr:Ti) in the composition satisfies (1.00 to 1.25):(0.002 to 0.056):(0.002 to 0.056):(0.40 to 0.60):(0.40 to 0.60), a rate of Mn is from 0.20 to 0.80 when the total of metal atom rates of Mn and Nb is 1, a rate of Zr is from 0.40 to 0.60 when the total of metal atom rates of Zr and Ti is 1, and the total rate of Zr and Ti is from 0.9300 to 0.9902 when the total of metal atom rates of Mn, Nb, Zr, and Ti is 1.

Abstract: Preparation of semiconductor nanocrystals and their dispersions in solvents and other media is described. The nanocrystals described herein have small (1-10 nm) particle size with minimal aggregation and can be synthesized with high yield. The capping agents on the as-synthesized nanocrystals as well as nanocrystals which have undergone cap exchange reactions result in the formation of stable suspensions in polar and nonpolar solvents which may then result in the formation of high quality nanocomposite films.

Abstract: Preparation of semiconductor nanocrystals and their dispersions in solvents and other media is described. The nanocrystals described herein have small (1-10 nm) particle size with minimal aggregation and can be synthesized with high yield. The capping agents on the as-synthesized nanocrystals as well as nanocrystals which have undergone cap exchange reactions result in the formation of stable suspensions in polar and nonpolar solvents which may then result in the formation of high quality nanocomposite films.

Abstract: There are provided a processes for manufacturing a trim board, as well as methods for reducing and/or preventing swelling in a finger jointed pine wood and methods for reducing and/or preventing migration of tannins in a finger jointed pine wood. These processes and methods comprise applying a first layer comprising a UV curable primer sealer on a front surface of the pine wood; heat drying the first layer in the presence of UV radiation so as to at least partially cure the first layer comprising the UV curable primer sealer; applying a second layer comprising the UV curable primer sealer on a back surface of the pine wood, the second layer being thinner than the first layer; and heat drying the second layer in the presence of UV radiation so as to at least partially cure the second layer comprising the UV curable primer sealer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to adhesives that are suitable for use as electrically conductive materials in the fabrication of electronic devices, integrated circuits, semiconductor devices, passive components, solar cells, solar modules, and/or light emitting diodes. The adhesives comprise at least one resin component, micron-sized electrically conductive particles having an average particle size of 2 ?m to 50 ?m, and from 0.01 to 15 wt. % of sub-micron-sized electrically conductive particles having a average particle size of 300 nm to 900 nm.

Abstract: Methods of forming a microelectronic packaging structure are described. Those methods may include forming a solder paste comprising a sacrificial polymer on a substrate, curing the solder paste below a reflow temperature of the solder to form a solid composite hybrid bump on the conductive pads, forming a molding compound around the solid composite hybrid bump, and reflowing the hybrid bump, wherein the sacrificial polymer is substantially decomposed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for shielding circuitry from interference with conformal coating are disclosed. Systems having conformal EMI shields according to embodiments are provided by applying insulating and conductive layers to areas of a printed circuit board (PCB). This produces systems that may be thinner and also smaller in surface area, and that may be suitable as part of electronic devices.

Abstract: A PZT-based ferroelectric thin film is formed by coating a PZT-based ferroelectric thin film-forming composition on a lower electrode of a substrate one or two or more times, pre-baking the composition, and baking the composition to be crystallized, and this thin film includes PZT-based particles having an average particle size in a range of 500 nm to 3000 nm when measured on a surface of the thin film, in which heterogeneous fine particles having an average particle size of 20 nm or less, which are different from the PZT-based particles, are precipitated on a part or all of the grain boundaries on the surface of the thin film.

Abstract: Surface-modified zirconia nanoparticles include zirconia nanoparticles and surface-modifying ligands attached to the zirconia nanoparticles. The ligand includes a hydroxamate functionality, and either a reactive group or an oligomeric group. Reactive groups include chain transfer groups or photoinitiator groups. Oligomeric groups include poly(meth)acrylate or poly(meth)acrylamide groups. Articles can be prepared that include the surface-modified zirconia nanoparticles in an organic matrix.

Abstract: Polymer surfaces coated with organometallic layers, wherein the organometallic layers and polymer surfaces have functional groups that react to bond the organometallic layer to the polymer surface with organometallic functional groups remaining unreacted for the subsequent covalent attachment of organic overlayers. Coating methods and coated articles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A film formation composition for surface treatment of a metal object includes at least one salt selected from a hydrofluoric acid salt, a phosphate, and a nitrate, and at least one hydrogen antifoaming agent selected from a hydrogen foaming inhibitor, a hydrogen bubble adhesion inhibitor, and a base for pH adjustment, a film formed using the film formation composition, and an electronic product including the film formed using the film formation composition.

Abstract: A vanadium dioxide coating for intelligent temperature control is formed by mixing a vanadium dioxide powder slurry, a polymer emulsion, and coating additives, and then coating the mixture onto a substrate. The vanadium dioxide powdery slurry comprises vanadium dioxide composite powders and a dispersion medium, the composite powders comprising vanadium dioxide nanopowders having a chemical composition of V1?xMxO2, and the surface of the vanadium dioxide nanopowders being attached to organic modified long-chain molecules, wherein M is a doped element, and 0?x?0.5. Through using the vanadium dioxide powders and the slurry thereof having an organic modified surface, the coating has higher visible light transmittance, can almost completely screen ultraviolet rays, and simultaneously intelligently adjust infrared rays.

Abstract: A coating material for forming an optical coating film, which constitutes a reflection preventing film provided on a lens base material, includes a solvent (A), a compound (B) which contains a polymerizable functional group, and a metal oxide particle (C), in which the solvent (A) contains at least one solvent (A1) selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and the compound (B) contains a compound (B1) which contains two or more urethane bonds in one molecule, or metal alkoxide (B2).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ferroelectric thin film on a lower electrode by electrostatically spraying a ferroelectric thin film-forming electrostatic spray solution so as to coat the electrostatic spray solution on the lower electrode and form a coated film, drying, calcining, and then firing the coated film so as to crystallize the coated film. In this method, the electrostatic spray solution is a mixed solution in which a ferroelectric thin film-forming sol-gel solution and powder having the same composition as the solid content of the sol-gel solution and having a particle diameter that can be ejected from the spout are uniformly mixed, and, when the metallic compound-converted mass of a metallic compound dissolved in the sol-gel solution is represented by A and the mass of the powder is represented by B, a ratio of B with respect to (A+B) is in a range of 5% to 40%.

Abstract: Antibacterial sol-gel coating solutions are used to form articles. The antibacterial sol-gel coating solution includes at least one Ti or Si-containing compound that is capable of hydrolyzing to form a base film; a regulating agent capable of regulating the hydrolysis rate of the Ti or Si-containing compounds, an organic solvent, water, and at least one soluble compound of an antibacterial metal, such as Ag, Cu, Mg, Zn, Sn, Fe, Co, Ni, or Ce.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for ferroelectric thin film formation which is used in the formation of a ferroelectric thin film of one material selected from the group consisting of PLZT, PZT, and PT. The composition for ferroelectric thin film formation is a liquid composition for the formation of a thin film of a mixed composite metal oxide formed of a mixture of a composite metal oxide (A) represented by general formula (1): (PbxLay)(ZrzTi(1-z))O3 [wherein 0.9 <×<1.3, 0?y<0.1, and 0?z<0.9 are satisfied] with a composite oxide (B) or a carboxylic acid (B) represented by general formula (2): CnH2n+1COOH [wherein 3?n?7 is satisfied]. The composite oxide (B) contains one or at least two elements selected from the group consisting of P (phosphorus), Si, Ce, and Bi and one or at least two elements selected from the group consisting of Sn, Sm, Nd, and Y (yttrium).

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a coatable diffusing agent composition that can prevent the formation of precipitates, has a longer solution life than conventional PTG solutions free of water, and thus can be stably stored for a long period of time even when this PTG solution is produced in large quantities, and is highly cost effective. The coatable diffusing agent composition of the present invention includes a titanate, a phosphorus compound, water, and an organic solvent.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a pattern formation method including coating a substrate or mask layer with a fine particle coating solution containing fine particles including a protective group having a close surface polarity and containing, on at least surfaces thereof, a material selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Y, Zr, Sn, Mo, Ta, W, and oxides thereof, a viscosity modifier, and a solvent for adjusting mixing of the viscosity modifier and the fine particles having the protective group, thereby forming a fine particle layer on the substrate or mask layer.

Abstract: An organic solderability preservative solution includes pyrazine derivatives which inhibit corrosion of metal. The solution is applied to metal surfaces of components for electronic apparatus to improve solderability of electrical connections between the components in the electronic apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composite materials with a high dielectric constant and high dielectric strength and to methods of producing the composite materials. The composite materials have high dielectric constants at a range of high frequencies and possess robust mechanical properties and strengths, such that they may be machined to a variety of configurations. The composite materials also have high dielectric strengths for operation in high power and high energy density systems. In one embodiment, the composite material is composed of a trimodal distribution of ceramic particles, including barium titanate, barium strontium titanate (BST), or combinations thereof and a polymer binder.

Abstract: Provided are a metal oxide solution in organic solvent for a high refractive film, a method of preparing the same, and a method of fabricating a high refractive film using the same. The method of preparing the metal oxide solution in organic solvent for fabricating a high refractive film includes preparing a metal oxide precursor, preparing an organic solvent containing a carbonyl group, forming a metal oxide through a sol-gel reaction of the metal oxide precursor in the organic solvent in the presence of an acidic catalyst, and reacting the metal oxide and the organic solvent. The hydrogen bonding between the metal oxide and the organic solvent occurs.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a family of Group 4 metal precursors represented by the formula: M(OR1)2(R2C(O)C(R3)C(O)OR1)2 wherein M is a Group 4 metals of Ti, Zr, or Hf; wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of a linear or branched C1-10 alkyl and a C6-12 aryl, preferably methyl, ethyl or n-propyl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of branched C3-10 alkyls, preferably iso-propyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, or tert-amyl and a C6-12 aryl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-10 alkyls, and a C6-12 aryl, preferably hydrogen. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the precursor is a liquid or a solid with a melting point below 60° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 4B group metalorganic compounds represented by following formula I and the preparation thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a thermally and chemically stable 4B group organo-metallic compound utilized in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD), and the preparation thereof. A 4B group metalorganic compound prepared according to the present invention volatiles easily and is stable at high temperature, and can be used effectively in manufacturing 4B group metal oxide thin films. wherein M represents Ti, Zr or Hf, R1 represents C1˜C4 alkyl, R2 and R3 represent independently C1˜C6 alkyl.

Abstract: A dielectric protective layer has nanoparticles integrated therein to increase the dielectric constants. The nanoparticles are surrounded by a protective shell to prevent agglomeration, in order to maintain the small particle size, for depositing an extra-thin film.

Abstract: Coating compositions are used to deposit films on electronic device substrates, which films are subjected to conditions that form an oxymetal precursor material layer on a matrix precursor material layer, and then such layers are cured to form a cured oxymetal layer disposed on a cured matrix layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to spin-on compositions containing at least one metal oxide dicarboxylate and an organic solvent into which the metal oxide dicarboxylate is soluble or colloidally stable. The dicarboxylate is capable of decomposing during heat treatment to give a cured metal oxide film. The present disclosure also relates to method of using the spin-on compositions.

Abstract: A coated paper with enhanced properties and/or lower cost can be obtained by using a coating that contains a binder and stanchion-encapsulated titanium dioxide. The stanchion-encapsulated titanium dioxide can provide the same or similar brightness, gloss, and/or opacity while using less titanium dioxide.