Abstract: An ink composition includes a conductive fine particle, a dispersion medium in which the conductive fine particle is dispersed, and a combustion substance that starts a combustion reaction by receiving light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the resultant products, the method and apparatus to produce electrochemical cell parts using a material deposition process or processes and specially developed inks appropriate to the specific application requirements at each location on the bipolar plate and can include the gas diffusion layer and the specific deposition of the catalyst and the seals.

Abstract: A luminescent marking material includes a luminescent material, which includes quantum dots, and a vehicle for delivering the luminescent material to an object. A method of embedding information on a substrate includes assigning information to luminescent material, which includes quantum dots, forming luminescent marking material by combining luminescent material and marking material, and creating an image on a substrate with the luminescent marking material. A system that embeds and recovers information on a substrate includes an image forming device containing such a luminescent marking material for forming an image on the a substrate and a document reading device including a radiation emitting unit, which emits radiation that causes the luminescent marking material to illuminate, and a reader that detects the data on the substrate while the luminescent marking material is illuminated.

Abstract: A conductive pattern formation ink capable of producing a conductive pattern with reduced likelihood of generation of cracks, a conductive pattern which is small in the number of cracks generated, low in specific resistance and superior in high-frequency characteristics, and a wiring substrate provided with the conductive pattern which is small in the number of cracks generated, low in specific resistance and superior in high-frequency characteristics are provided. The conductive pattern formation ink is used for forming a conductive pattern on a base member by patterning and comprised of a dispersion solution. The dispersion solution includes a solvent, metal particles dispersed in the solvent, and an anti-cracking agent contained in the solvent, wherein the anti-cracking agent is contained for preventing generation of cracks in the conductive pattern during desolvation of the solvent.

Abstract: A method of forming transparent electrodes on a substrate (19) is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: depositing a patterned layer of a thermally decomposable ink composition (29) on a substrate by gravure offset printing, the thermally decomposable ink composition comprising an electrically conductive metal oxide having a particle size of less than the wavelength of visible light, a nitrocellulose binder, an alcohol solvent and an organic co-solvent having a boiling point of more than 250° C.; and thermally decomposing the thermally decomposable ink composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a metallic ink, a method of forming electrodes using the metallic ink, and a substrate using the metallic ink. The metallic ink comprises at least one oxide selected from metal oxide nanoparticles and partially polycondensated metal oxides having a size of 100 nm or less, and metal nanoparticles having a size of 100 nm or less. The oxides and the metal nanoparticles are dispersed as isolated ultrafine particles in solvent. The method comprises patterning the ink using an inkjet printer to form a conductive wire. The substrate is produced through the method. It is thereby possible to conduct patterning using an inkjet printer, and adhesive power to substrates is improved. The metallic ink is useful to produce electrodes of various panels, such as PDPs.

Abstract: Discloses is a rewritable thin image display sheet, an image display apparatus and an image display system. In the image display system, a low-melting-point wax 18 with a magnetic powder 16 dispersed therein is held between a heat-generation layer 12 and a transparent layer 14 which are disposed spaced apart from one another, and a zone of the low-melting-point wax 18 corresponding to a pixel for image display is selectively heated and molted by the heat-generation layer 12. Then, the magnetic powder 16 in the molten zone is displaced toward the transparent layer 14 so as to display a given image on the transparent layer. The rewritable thin image display sheet, the image display apparatus and the image display system can reliably display an image in a rewritable state while achieving a significantly simplified structure.

Abstract: Described is an amperometric biosensor in thick film technology for the detection an/or determination of substances undergoing enzyme catalyzed reactions, especially glucose or lactate, comprising an inert carrier material, at least one transducer layer exhibiting a specific electrical conductivity ?>104 ?-1cm-1, and at least one bioactive layer with diffusion barrier function containing at least one enzyme specifically reacting with said substance to be measured, said bioactive layer exhibiting a specific electrical conductivity ?<1 ?-1cm-1 and said bioactive layer further effectively hinders other electroactive substances to reach the transducer layer within the time of measurement.

Abstract: An ultraviolet or electron beam curable conductive material for use in the electronics industry. The conductive material has a low viscosity and is capable of application to a substrate by high speed printing techniques such as flexography and rotogravure and provides high electrical conductivity following cure. The conductive material comprises one or more oligomers, one or more acrylate carriers, one or more reactive monomers such as vinyl ether, conductive filler and one or more photoinitiators. Optional additional ingredients, such as diluents, dispersants, etc. may be added as desired.

Abstract: A method for inkjet printing includes, in order, the steps of a) providing an ink-receiver having an image thereon; b) forming on the ink-receiver a layer of a first curable liquid and curing the layer; and c) forming an outermost layer of a second curable liquid only on the cured first curable liquid and at least partially covering the image; wherein the second curable liquid contains an abherent agent which is absent in the first curable liquid and wherein at least one of the first and second curable liquids is inkjet printed. Also, a polymerizable abherent agent may be used in a curable liquid to prevent falsification of an ID document. Also, a set of curable liquids for inkjet printing includes a first curable liquid and a second curable liquid wherein the second curable liquid contains an abherent agent which is absent in the first curable liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a variety of conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound having a special structure and an additive and a method for preparing the same, more particularly to conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound obtained by reacting a metal or metal compound with an ammonium carbamate- or ammonium carbonate-based compound and an additive and a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: A material for producing a conductive composition comprising polymer particles, conductive particles, and a liquid medium. The material is in a liquid/dispersion form until it is cured at which time it forms an electrically conductive composition. The composition contains larger sized polymer particles along with smaller metal conductive filler particles such as nanoparticle-sized filler particles. The larger polymer particles create excluded volume in the material matrix and reduce the percolation threshold of the conductive filler particles to provide a conductive material with a reduced volume fraction of electrically conductive filler. The electrical conductivity of the material is further increased after heat treatment which causes the conductive filler particles to sinter together to form a highly conductive network.

Abstract: An ink formulation of a circuit element includes a first powder having a first melting temperature, a second powder having a second melting temperature that is higher than the first melting temperature, and a polymer binder. A method of fabricating a circuit element on a substrate employs the ink formulation and includes depositing the ink formulation on a substrate, curing the polymer binder, and melting the first powder at the first melting temperature to yield a solid solution that forms the circuit element.

Abstract: Highly uniform silicon/germanium nanoparticles can be formed into stable dispersions with a desirable small secondary particle size. The silicon/germanium particles can be surface modified to form the dispersions. The silicon/germanium nanoparticles can be doped to change the particle properties. The dispersions can be printed as an ink for appropriate applications. The dispersions can be used to form selectively doped deposits of semiconductor materials such as for the formation of photovoltaic cells or for the formation of printed electronic circuits.

Abstract: An ink for forming CIGS photovoltaic cell active layers is disclosed along with methods for making the ink, methods for making the active layers and a solar cell made with the active layer. The ink contains a mixture of nanoparticles of elements of groups IB, IIIA and (optionally) VIA. The particles are in a desired particle size range of between about 1 nm and about 500 nm in diameter, where a majority of the mass of the particles comprises particles ranging in size from no more than about 40% above or below an average particle size or, if the average particle size is less than about 5 nanometers, from no more than about 2 nanometers above or below the average particle size. The use of such ink avoids the need to expose the material to an H2Se gas during the construction of a photovoltaic cell and allows more uniform melting during film annealing, more uniform intermixing of nanoparticles, and allows higher quality absorber films to be formed.

Abstract: An ink for forming CIGS photovoltaic cell active layers is disclosed along with methods for making the ink, methods for making the active layers and a solar cell made with the active layer. The ink contains a mixture of nanoparticles of elements of groups IB, IIIA and (optionally) VIA. The particles are in a desired particle size range of between about 1 nm and about 500 nm in diameter, where a majority of the mass of the particles comprises particles ranging in size from no more than about 40% above or below an average particle size or, if the average particle size is less than about 5 nanometers, from no more than about 2 nanometers above or below the average particle size. The use of such ink avoids the need to expose the material to an H2Se gas during the construction of a photovoltaic cell and allows more uniform melting during film annealing, more uniform intermixing of nanoparticles, and allows higher quality absorber films to be formed.

Abstract: An ink for forming CIGS photovoltaic cell active layers is disclosed along with methods for making the ink, methods for making the active layers and a solar cell made with the active layer. The ink contains a mixture of nanoparticles of elements of groups IB, IIIA and (optionally) VIA. The particles are in a desired particle size range of between about 1 nm and about 500 nm in diameter, where a majority of the mass of the particles comprises particles ranging in size from no more than about 40% above or below an average particle size or, if the average particle size is less than about 5 nanometers, from no more than about 2 nanometers above or below the average particle size. The use of such ink avoids the need to expose the material to an H2Se gas during the construction of a photovoltaic cell and allows more uniform melting during film annealing, more uniform intermixing of nanoparticles, and allows higher quality absorber films to be formed.

Abstract: An ink for forming CIGS photovoltaic cell active layers is disclosed along with methods for making the ink, methods for making the active layers and a solar cell made with the active layer. The ink contains a mixture of nanoparticles of elements of groups IB, IIIA and (optionally) VIA. The particles are in a desired particle size range of between about 1 nm and about 500 nm in diameter, where a majority of the mass of the particles comprises particles ranging in size from no more than about 40% above or below an average particle size or, if the average particle size is less than about 5 nanometers, from no more than about 2 nanometers above or below the average particle size. The use of such ink avoids the need to expose the material to an H2Se gas during the construction of a photovoltaic cell and allows more uniform melting during film annealing, more uniform intermixing of nanoparticles, and allows higher quality absorber films to be formed.

Abstract: An ink for forming CIGS photovoltaic cell active layers is disclosed along with methods for making the ink, methods for making the active layers and a solar cell made with the active layer. The ink contains a mixture of nanoparticles of elements of groups IB, IIIA and (optionally) VIA. The particles are in a desired particle size range of between about 1 nm and about 500 nm in diameter, where a majority of the mass of the particles comprises particles ranging in size from no more than about 40% above or below an average particle size or, if the average particle size is less than about 5 nanometers, from no more than about 2 nanometers above or below the average particle size. The use of such ink avoids the need to expose the material to an H2Se gas during the construction of a photovoltaic cell and allows more uniform melting during film annealing, more uniform intermixing of nanoparticles, and allows higher quality absorber films to be formed.

Abstract: An ink for forming CIGS photovoltaic cell active layers is disclosed along with methods for making the ink, methods for making the active layers and a solar cell made with the active layer. The ink contains a mixture of nanoparticles of elements of groups IB, IIIA and (optionally) VIA. The particles are in a desired particle size range of between about 1 nm and about 500 nm in diameter, where a majority of the mass of the particles comprises particles ranging in size from no more than about 40% above or below an average particle size or, if the average particle size is less than about 5 nanometers, from no more than about 2 nanometers above or below the average particle size. The use of such ink avoids the need to expose the material to an H2Se gas during the construction of a photovoltaic cell and allows more uniform melting during film annealing, more uniform intermixing of nanoparticles, and allows higher quality absorber films to be formed.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a conductive ink which enables to form a circuit or the like having excellent adhesion to a substrate and to form a conductor having high film density and low electric resistance. In order to attain the object, a conductive ink comprising metal powder or metal oxide powder dispersed in a dispersion medium, which is characterized in that the dispersion medium contains a metal salt or a metal oxide as a film density improver for increasing film density of a conductor formed by using the conductive ink is adopted. A main solvent constituting the dispersion medium is selected from one or a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols, glycols and saturated hydrocarbons having a boiling point of 300 deg. C. or less at normal pressure.

Abstract: In a process for producing a printed design creating 3D visual effect, a compound consisting of a printing ink blended with magnetic particles is used. The printing ink containing the magnetic particles is applied onto a printing plate on a printing apparatus, and a tool capable of producing a required magnetic force is positioned at a predetermined area of the applied printing ink, so that the magnetic particles in the printing ink are attracted and gathered to form ups and downs in the area and create a 3D visual effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing metal nanoparticles, more particularly, to a method for manufacturing metal nanoparticles, the method comprising: forming a mixture by dissociating a metal precursor in fatty acid; and adding a metallic salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of Sn, Mg and Fe as a metallic catalyst into the mixture and mixing the mixture and the metallic salt. According to the present invention, metal nanoparticles have a uniform particle size distribution and a high yield by performing in a non-aqueous environment without using any organic solvent, and may be environment-friendlily due to no use of a reducing agent.

Abstract: An image-forming recording liquid according to the invention contains magnetic polymer particles and a dispersion medium for dispersing the magnetic polymer particles. The magnetic polymer particles contain a magnetic powder and a polymeric compound. The polymeric compound is a polymer prepared by polymerization of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of a (meth)acrylate monomer and a styrenic monomer. The dispersion medium contains water, polyvinyl alcohol and an acetylene glycol-based surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal ink composition for inkjet printing, more particularly to a metal ink composition which includes 20 to 85 weight % of metal nanoparticles and 15 to 80 weight % of organic solvent, where the organic solvent is made of an ethylene glycol-based ether or a mixed solvent including an ethylene glycol-based ether. The invention provides a metal ink composition in which an organic solvent suited for an inkjet head is used to improve the ejection, storage, and viscosity properties of the ink.

Abstract: The invention is directed to conductive polymer compositions, catalytic ink compositions (e.g., for use in screen-printing), electrodes produced by deposition of an ink composition, as well as methods of making, and methods of using such compositions and electrodes. An exemplary ink material comprises a metal catalyst (e.g., platinum black and/or platinum-on-carbon), graphite as a conducting material, a polymer binding material, and an organic solvent. In one aspect, the polymer binding material comprises a polymer binder blend comprising first and second polymers, wherein the first polymer has a glass transition temperature higher than the second polymer. In a second aspect, the polymer binding material comprises a hydrophilic acrylic polymer, copolymer, or terpolymer. The conductive polymer compositions of the present invention may be used, for example, to make electrochemical sensors. Such sensors may be used, for example, in a variety of devices to monitor analyte amount or concentrations in subjects.

Abstract: A coating, such as ink or paint, is used, where particles in the coating are selected based on electric, magnetic, or light/photo properties, and are dispersed in the coating to provide a desired physical color. In one approach, the application of the coating to the substrate such as paper is controlled using an electric or magnetic field. In another approach, a pattern is formed in a coating on a substrate by targeting an electric, magnetic or photo field to specific locations on the coating. In yet another approach, the color of a coating that is applied to an object is shifted to match a background color so that the coating appears to be erased. In this approach, the coating may be in the form of a label, such as a bar code, that can be read by a scanner at a point of sale location. In another approach a pattern or code is scrambled or removed by applying an electric, magnetic, or photo field to specific locations on the coating or substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to reactive thienothiophenes, their use as semiconductors or charge transport materials, in optical, electrooptical or electronic devices like for example organic field effect transistors (FET or OFET) for thin film transistor liquid crystal displays and integrated circuit devices such as RFID tags, electroluminescent devices in flat panel displays, and in photovoltaic and sensor devices, and to a field effect transistor, light emitting device or ID tag comprising the reactive thienothiophenes.

Abstract: A catalyst ink is provided, comprising: 25-95% by weight water; 1-50% by weight of at least one solid catalyst, typically a highly dispersed platinum catalyst; 1-50% by weight of at least one polymer electrolyte in acid (H+) form; and 1-50% by weight of at least one polar aprotic organic solvent. The catalyst ink typically has a viscosity at 1 sec−1 of 10 Pa·sec or less. The catalyst ink typically does not ignite spontaneously when dried to completion in air at a temperature of 80° C. or greater. The catalyst ink may be used in the fabrication of membrane electrode assemblies for use in fuel cells.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to odor-releasing ink-jet inks and methods for releasing odors from printed images. The ink-jet ink comprises an ink vehicle; an effective amount of an electro-thermal material dispersed within the ink vehicle; and an effective amount of an odor-releasing additive within the ink vehicle wherein an odorant is releasable from the odor-releasing additive upon substantial activation of the electro-thermal material.

Abstract: An imaging composition comprises a mixture of a fluid and a functional material; wherein the fluid is compressed and the functional material is an electroluminescent material which is dissolved, dispersed and/or solubilized in the compressed fluid; and wherein the mixture is thermodynamically stable or thermodynamically metastable or both.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a radiation curable composition for in-line printing containing magnetic pigments capable of being magnetized to possess permanent magnetic properties after the composition is cured. The composition is cured by an ionizing radiation source, preferably by UV light or electron beam radiation (UV/EB). The present invention is also directed to an in-line process for printing magnetic images on non-magnetic substrate, comprising: pattern applying the above mentioned radiation curable composition on the substrate opposite to a print side, pre-aligning the magnetic pigment particles (if necessary) of the applied composition, curing the composition by ionizing radiation source (UV/EB), magnetizing the cured composition, then finishing the final piece.

Abstract: Conjugated copolymers of dithienothiophene with vinylene or acetylene are suitable for use as semiconductors or charge transport materials in optical, electrooptical or electronic devices including field effect transistors, electroluminescent, photovoltaic and sensor devices.

Abstract: A redispersible or soluble product, optionally having a solids content higher than 10% by weight, obtainable by freeze drying an aqueous dispersion of a latex comprising a polyanion and a polymer or copolymer of a substituted or unsubstituted thiophene; a printing ink comprising the above product; a coating dispersion or solution comprising the above product; and a method for making an antistatic or electroconductive layer comprising the steps of redispersing or diluting the above product by adding water or an organic solvent so as to obtain a dispersion or solution, optionally adding other ingredients to the coating solution or dispersion and applying the dispersion or solution to an object.

Abstract: A process for producing a reaction layer material or gas feed layer material for a gas diffusion electrode, which comprises the steps of: dispersing a gas diffusion electrode raw material excluding polytetrafluoroethylene in to an organic solvent to prepare a dispersion; adding polytetrafluoroethylene to the dispersion to prepare a mixture; and mixing the mixture. In the process, polytetrafluoroethylene is added in the form of dispersion or fine powder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyurethane resin having a number average molecular weight of up to 5,000 which is prepared by reacting a diisocyanate compound with at least one monomer diol compound and optionally a polymer diol compound without a chain extender to form a polymer, wherein the molar ratio of the monomer diol compound over the polymer diol compound when present is above 1 followed by capping the polymer with a terminator.

Abstract: A method for preventing a carbon dispersion from increasing in viscosity during use is described. The dispersion comprises graphite particles or carbon black particles or a combination of both dispersed in a fluid. The method involves lowering the susceptibility of the carbon dispersion to an increase in viscosity or ionic strength by lowering its pH or reducing its exposure to reactive components in the ambient atmospheric gas. The pH can be lowered by at least partially removing ammonia from the dispersion, or by adding a material that reduces the pH of the dispersion. The stability of the dispersion can also be improved by isolating the dispersion from reactive atmospheric gas. The stabilized aqueous carbon dispersion can have a viscosity of less than about 20 cps and a conductivity of less than about 3 mS.

Abstract: The invention improves operability in forming a catalyst electrode, and improves performance of a fuel cell. A catalyst-loaded carbon is dispersed in a mixed solution of an azeotropic solvent and ion exchanged water. An electrolyte solution is added to the dispersed solution. A solvent, such as ethanol or the like, is added to adjust the viscosity and the water content of the solution, thereby providing an electrode catalyst solution. The use of the obtained solution as an ink for forming a catalyst layer through printing improves printing characteristic and drying characteristic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a deformable, electrically conductive ink or paint. When the ink or paint is applied to a substrate in the form of a particular pattern, this pattern will also be electrically conductive after deformation. The invention also relates to the use of a deformable, electrically conductive ink or paint for providing an electromagnetic shielding layer or a functionally conductive path.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a conductive pigment powder, which includes indium oxide, tin and gold, and having a purple color tone. Other embodiments of the present invention provide a method of producing a conductive pigment powder; a dispersion solution and a transparent conductive film, which include the above-mentioned conductive pigment powder; a method of forming a transparent conductive film; and a cathode ray tube, which includes the above-mentioned transparent conductive film and a transparent substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for modifying the dispersing properties of organometallic-prestabilized or organometallic-pretreated nanometal colloids by reacting reactive metal-carbon bonds in the protective shell to prepare nanometal colloids having a wide range of solubilities in hydrophilic and hydrophobic media including water, to the colloids thus prepared and their use.

Abstract: We describe a system of electronically active inks which may include electronically addressable contrast media, conductors, insulators, resistors, semiconductive materials, magnetic materials, spin materials, piezoelectric materials, optoelectronic, thermoelectric or radio frequency materials. We further describe a printing system capable of laying down said materials in a definite pattern. Such a system may be used for instance to: print a flat panel display complete with onboard drive logic; print a working logic circuit onto any of a large class of substrates; print an electrostatic or piezoelectric motor with onboard logic and feedback or print a working radio transmitter or receiver.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink composition comprising (a) an ink vehicle selected from 4-(hexadecylamino)benzylamine, N-octanoyl-N-methyl glucamine, octanoic hydrazide, 4-hexadecyl sulfonyl aniline, or mixtures thereof, (b) a conductive complex of (i) an amine compound with (ii) a phosphorus-containing acid or acid salt or a sulfur-containing acid or acid salt, (c) a colorant, (d) an optional amine compound viscosity modifier, (e) an optional antioxidant, and (f) an optional UV absorber.

Abstract: A thermoset conductive ink for use in through hole interconnections or similar electric and electronic applications to provide stable electrical connections. The conductive ink of this invention comprises a thermal curable resin system having an admixing of an epoxy resin, a cross-linking agent and a catalyst, an electrically conductive material such as silver, copper or silver-coated copper and an organic solvent.

Abstract: A water-based pigment dispersion comprising 100 parts by weight of a pigment, 3 to 30 parts by weight of a sulfonic acid group-containing pigment derivative and water, wherein the sulfonic acid group-containing pigment derivative has only one sulfonic acid group in a molecule of a pigment of which the type is the same as the type of the pigment to be dispersed, the sulfonic acid group forms at least one salt selected from the group consisting of ammonia salt, an organic amine salt and a salt in which at least 15% of the sulfonic acid group is liberated and the rest is a salt with monovalent metal, the content of metal ion having a valence of at least 2 in a solid matter of the above water-based pigment dispersion is 500 ppm or less, and the above pigment is dispersed in water according to electrostatic repulsion due to the sulfonic acid group-containing pigment derivative adsorbed on the particle surface of the pigment, an inkjet recording liquid containing the same and process for the production thereof.

Abstract: Various mixtures of lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate are made, each mixture having a different Curie temperature, wherein these mixtures are mixed together to form capacitor inks that can be used to make capacitors embedded in multilayer ceramic circuit boards. These capacitors have extended temperature ranges of operation as well as low loss tangents and high dielectric constants.

Abstract: A deposition material for an electrostatic deposition apparatus such as an ink for an electrostatic ink jet printer, the material comprising a carrier liquid having insulative properties, a charging agent which is soluble in the carrier liquid, and a charge augmenting additive which is soluble in the carrier liquid. The charge augmenting additives are carrier soluble materials that assist in the dissociation of the charging agent. Generally it is found that they are materials which contain nitrogen groups, e.g. amine functionality.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink composition comprising (a) an ink vehicle which is selected from (i) 1,3-dialkyl ureas, (ii) N,N′-ethylene bisalkylamides, (iii) N-[4-chloro-3-[4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-ylamino] phenyl]-2-(1-octadecenyl) succinimide, (iv) 1,3-diamino-5,6-bis(octyloxy) isoindoline, (v) N,N-dimethyl alkylamine N-oxides, (vi) alkyl amides, or (vii) mixtures thereof, said ink vehicle having a melting point of no lower than about 60° C. and no higher than about 155° C., (b) a viscosity modifier which is an amide having a melting point of no lower than about 60° C. and no higher than about 155° C., (c) a conductive sultonate salt having a melting point of no lower than about 60° C. and no higher than about 155° C., (d) a colorant, (e) an optional antioxidant, and (f) an optional ultraviolet absorber.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink composition comprising (a) an ink vehicle which comprises a conductive pyridinium compound having a melting point of no lower than about 60° C. and no higher than about 155° C., (b) a viscosity modifier which is a pyridine compound, a pyrimidine compound, a pyrazine compound, a pyridazine compound, or mixtures thereof, said pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, or pyridazine compounds having a melting point of no lower than about 60° C. and no higher than about 155° C., (c) a binder which is a polymeric pyridine or pyridinium compound; (d) a colorant, (e) an optional antioxidant, and (f) an optional UV absorber.