Abstract: An object of the present invention is to shorten the working time for high pressure slip casting. There is provided a composition for high pressure casting slip including a first starting powder forming a frame of a mold body and second starting powder forming the frame of the mold body and acting as a plastic agent, wherein the first and second starting powders are uniformly mixed in a dry condition. "Slip" of a minimum water content is easily prepared by the composition to effect optimal fluidity of the slip so that the water is removed from the slip in a short time during a casting process.

Abstract: A kaolin clay slurry having a reduced viscosity is manufactured by a process which comprises the sequential steps of mechanically working an undispersed crude kaolin clay material having a solids content of at least about 65 percent, by weight, under conditions which insure that the kaolin clay material will be subjected to an energy level of at least 10 horsepower-hours per ton of dry kaolin clay material and then subjecting the mechanically worked kaolin clay material to centrifugation to substantially remove any particles having a diameter less than about 0.2 microns.

Abstract: Sodium alumino-silicates are produced by silicate/clay reactions under hydrothermal conditions with increased solids during processing while still producing structural materials characterized by low oil absorption values, high total pore volume and increased differential pore volumes. The products are useful as coating pigments for paper and paperboard, paper fillers, paint pigments and as reinforcing pigments for rubber.

Abstract: This invention involves a method of optically whitening clay minerals to transform their natural yellow tint to increased whiteness. Generally, it has been found that clay materials having low cation exchange capability can be directly reacted with very small amounts of cationic dyes, the apparent whiteness of said clay minerals being substantially increased thereby.

Abstract: An opacifying kaolin pigment with improved porosity, light scattering ability (opacity), gloss, and ink receptivity over that of the starting pigment is manufactured by a process which comprises the steps of treating an aqueous solution of kaolin with a phosphate compound, using the endogenous aluminum leached from kaolin and/or adding a soluble aluminum compound and increasing the pH of the mixture.

Abstract: An opacifying kaolin clay pigment with improved rheological properties and good opacifying characteristics is manufactured by a process which comprises reacting a mixture of water, kaolin clay and calcium carbonate with a hydroxide component at a temperature of at least 60.degree. C.

Abstract: Described is a process for separating a mixture of finely divided minerals into constituents thereof. In particular, the invention relates to a procedure for effecting such separation by a novel selective flocculation technique wherein a dispersed aqueous pulp containing the mixture of minerals is preconditioned for selective flocculation with an anionic polymer by addition of both a fatty acid such as oleic acid and source of polyvalent cation such as calcium chloride. The fatty acid and cation of the salt selectively coat the component of the mixture that is subsequently flocculated with the anionic polymer. A polyacrylate salt dispersant is preferably used in the process. The invention is especially adapted to the separation of colored titaniferous impurities from kaolin clay in which case both a white purified kaolin product and a strongly flocculated dun-colored titania/kaolin mixture are recovered and then dispersed producing a material useful as a paper coating pigment.

Abstract: A composite particulate pigmentary material is disclosed which comprises an association of at least two chemically distinct materials in which the particles of one material carry a positive surface charge and the particles of the second material carry a negative surface charge and particles are held in association as a result of these surface charges. Also disclosed is a method for preparing composite particulate pigmentary material comprising forming aqueous dispersions of two particulate materials under conditions in which the surface charges of the particles of the two materials are of different signs and mixing the dispersions. Typical materials useful for preparing the composite include inorganic pigments, fillers and extenders and organic polymeric microspheres. The product is useful as a pigment in, for example, paints, inks, paper and plastics.

Abstract: Pigments for use in paper are comprised of structured aggregate clays which are reaction products of kaolin clays and colloidal silicas. Silica modified clays of low treatment level can under certain high-shear mixing conditions be attritioned back to their starting clay particle size consequently yielding silica coated clay particles that provide unique properties. Also provided are structured aggregate clay products produced by the reaction of kaolin clay, colloidal silicas and spacer particles such as titanium dioxide, which products have improved porosity and light scattering characteristics. Also provided are clay slurry products which comprise mixtures of the reaction product of kaolin clay and colloidal silica, and optionally titanium dioxide, blended with other clay products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for whitening kaolin contaminated with chlorite/biotite micas. The process comprises the steps of contacting the kaolin contaminated with chlorite/biotite micas with an aqueous acid solution to convert the chlorite/biotite micas into kaolin and one or more dissolved metal salts, and separating the kaolin from the dissolved metal salts. The present invention also provided an overall system for whitening kaolin contaminated with chlorite/biotite micas. The process comprises blunging the kaolin contaminated with chlorite/biotite micas to provide a 20 to 70 percent solid slurry, degritting the slurry, delaminating the degritted slurry, fractionating the degritted slurry, subjecting the slurry to a magnetic field to remove iron or iron-titanium oxides, reductive leaching the slurry, contacting the slurry with an aqueous acid solution to convert the chlorite/biotite micas into kaolin or a kaolin-like clay and one or more dissolved metal salts (e.g.

Abstract: A stable high solids structured clay slurry is manufactured by a process which comprises the sequential steps of forming a high solids slurry by mixing a structured clay material with water in a first stage mixing step under conditions which promote particle to liquid contact and which substantially prevent interaction between the structured clay particles, terminating the first stage mixing and then, in a second stage mixing step, mixing the high solids slurry under conditions which are different from the first stage mixing conditions and which promote substantial interaction between the structured clay particles.

Abstract: A composition for fixing water-color ink for fixing a water-color ink is disclosed. The composition for fixing a water-color ink contains an ion exchanger, such as, a clay based interlayer compound or an ion-exchange resin. The composition for fixing water-color ink contains a water absorptive resin or a heat-melting resin as a binder. A cover film for thermal transfer is formed by forming a water-color ink fixing layer consisting of the composition for fixing water-color ink peelably on a base material. An adhesive layer or a heat-melting resin layer is formed on the water-color ink fixing layer. The cover film for thermal transfer image is superposed and thermo-compression bonded onto a thermal transfer image or a thermal transfer image having a protective layer, with the water-color ink fixing layer, the adhesive layer or the heat-melting resin layer facing the thermal transfer image or the thermal transfer image having the protective layer.

Abstract: A method for preparing high solids suspensions of calcined clay which are stable without the necessity of adding a colloidal thickening agent and have minimal dilatancy. A calcined kaolin clay pigment, substantially free of anionic dispersant, is dispersed in water by addition of alkali to provide a neutral to mildly alkaline aqueous slurry. To the dispersed slurry, a water-soluble cationic organic polymer is added in minor amounts, to partially flocculate and thicken the slurry, thereby stabilizing the slurry against sedimentation.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of water-containing organophilic phyllosilicates obtained by the reaction of a phyllosilicate, which is completely delaminated colloidally in water and is capable of cation exchange, with an organic onium salt in aqueous suspension and subsequent mechanical removal of the water, without drying by heating, as a rheological additive in organic media.The water-containing organophilic phyllosilicates are particularly suitable for coating paper.

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed in the method for producing a calcined kaolin clay powder for use in paper manufacture, by the steps of wet beneficiating a kaolin crude, drying the beneficiated crude, milling the dried beneficiated crude to provide a calciner feed, and calcining the feed to destroy the crystallinity thereof and provide an amorphous calcined kaolin powder. According to the improvement, the dried beneficiated crude is milled and classified to provide a calciner feed having substantially no +325 mesh residue, and not greater than 0.0003% by weight +635 mesh residue. This enables lowered abrasion in the calcined powder, and lowered viscocity in the slurried calcined powder product to thereby enable a higher solids slurry.

Abstract: Luster pigments comprising coated, plateletlike, silicatic substrates wherein the coating comprises a layer consisting essentially of carbon and aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, antimony oxide or mixtures thereof, are obtainable by applying carbon-containing compounds of the metals aluminum, chromium, cerium, zirconium, antimony or mixtures thereof with or without further carbon-containing compounds of the molecular formula (CH.sub.2 O).sub.n, where n is from 1 to 6 for one monomeric unit, to the substrate particles and then thermally decomposing the carbon-containing compounds on the surface of the substrate particles under oxygen-excluding conditions.

Abstract: A pigment composition includes a pigment extender which optionally contains a pigment, and further includes a non-hydrogenated phospholipid material, such as non-hydrogenated lecithin, and a surface modifying agent. Suitable modifying agents are selected from fatty acids, fatty acid esters or fatty acid triglycerides, silicones and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A detergent additive for commercial detergents (softener agents) that contain fabric softeners is described. This additive is based on agglomerates of a smectic laminar silicate coated with divided particles. This detergent additive is characterized in that the agglomerates are at least partially coated with particles of a cation exchanger that will pass through a screen with a mesh of about 45 .mu.m and have an average particle size of less than about 10 .mu.m, where the amount of cation exchanger particles is about 2 to 30 wt % (based on the dry weight of the uncoated agglomerates). This detergent additive may be used in the conventional detergent formulations.

Abstract: There is disclosed a paper coating pigment comprising:(a) from 10% to 100% by weight of a first paper coating pigment having a particle size distribution such that at least 75% by weight of the particles have an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 .mu.m and at least 60% by weight have an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 1 .mu.m, the average particle aspect ratio of the size fraction having an equivalent spherical diameter predominantly smaller than 1 .mu.m being 25 or greater; and(b) up to 90% by weight of a second paper coating pigment.

Abstract: A composition for plugging wells that is biodegradable and environmentally safe comprising bentonite particles coated with a water soluble coating of biodegradable natural resin, such as certified three pound Confectioners White Lac Glaze in Specially Denatured Ethyl Alcohol (SDA) Formula 35A, 190 proof. The bentonite may be in the form of chips or compressed pellets. When exposed to water, the soluble coating dissolves at a uniform rate, exposing the bentonite to water whereupon it expands to form a tough but flexible water impermeable seal of a semi-solid, gel-like mass.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a aggregated composite pigment having desired physical and optical characteristics when used as a coating, filler or pigment in paper. The aggregated pigment is produced by contacting a substantially dry fine particle size mixture of kaolin and one or more additional feed minerals with a previously hydrolyzed organic silicon compound, such as hydrolyzed tetraethoxysilane, and then recovering the aggregated composite pigment.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a composition comprising finely divided cationically charged particles of an inorganic material treated with at least one of anionic polysaccharide or anionically modified polysaccharide. The disclosed invention further relates to a method of providing paper of improved strength. The method entails providing finely divided particles of inorganic material, treating the particles with at least one of anionic polysaccharide or anionically modified polysaccharide, and adding the treated particles to cellulose fiber during an alkaline process for making paper. Also, an alkaline paper comprising the finely divided particles of inorganic material treated with at least one of anionic polysaccharide or anionically modified polysaccharide is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention resides in a layered composite pigment comprising a first pigment particle having a charge of one sign and a second pigment particle having a charge of opposite sign to said one sign. The first pigment particle is an inorganic pigment particle. The first inorganic pigment particle has adsorbed on its surface an organic polymeric dispersant. The dispersant is selected from the group consisting of (a) an anionic or cationic polyelectrolyte dispersant; (b) a cationic synthetic latex having dispersant functionality; and (c) a cationic water-soluble binder having dispersant functionality. The dispersant is adsorbed onto the surface of the inorganic pigment particle in an amount effective to disperse the inorganic particle in an aqueous medium. The second pigment particle is selected from the group consisting of (a') an anionic or cationic synthetic latex particle or swollen binder particle which said swollen binder particle has a particle size greater than 0.

Abstract: A functionally modified pigment particle is prepared by mixing a flocculated pigment of kaolin clay or calcium carbonate with a modifier having charge sites opposite in sign to the charge sites of the flocculated pigment. Preferably, the flocculated pigment is an aqueous suspension of filter cake particles. The suspension is non-dispersed, or partially dispersed by neutralization with a strong base such as sodium carbonate. The suspension has a pH in the range of 6-9. Preferred modifiers are a water insoluble or dispersible latex binder, a water or alkali soluble organic or inorganic polymeric binder, a non-film forming organic particle such as plastic pigment, an optical brightener, a fluorocarbon, or combination thereof. When mixed with the filter cake, the modifiers become electrostatically bound to the pigment particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low-viscosity offset printing ink which essentially comprises a binder, additives and 5-40% by weight of pearlescent pigments and has an improved transfer behavior for pearlescent pigments.

Abstract: A coating pigment for coating printing media, especially paper and cardboard, is made with at least one swellable layer silicate which can be fixed on the printing medium essentially without binders, where the amount of swellable layer silicate is at least 30 weight percent and the swelling volume of the coating pigment is 5 to 30 ml, based on suspension of 2 g coating pigment in 100 ml water. A water-based coating which contains such a coating pigment and a printing medium that is coated on one or both sides with the coating pigment or coating are also described. The deinkability of printed printing media coated with the coating pigment is improved.

Abstract: A high solids structured kaolin clay slurry having improved high shear rheology is manufactured by a process which comprises the sequential steps of forming an aqueous composition by mixing water and a lithium-based dispersant and then mixing structured kaolin clay particles with the aqueous composition to form the desired high solids slurry.

Abstract: Paper coating pigments comprising mechanically delaminated kaolin particles. The pigments possess the opacification, smoothness and printability advantages of conventional delaminated kaolin pigments but have desirably low viscosity and gloss not characteristic of conventional delaminated kaolin pigments. Crude kaolins of specified physical characteristics for production of these pigments by controlled delamination.

Abstract: An aqueous slurry of smectite clay of elevated solids content, comprising an aqueous solution or emulsion of from about 0.5 to about 13% by weight of said slurry of a salt of a low molecular weight amine salt, in which is dispersed from about 10 to 47% by weight of the slurry, of a smectite clay. The amine salt is effective to prevent the smectite from swelling appreciably, whereby the slurry can be shipped and stored without creating a gelling problem. The inhibiting or suppressing effect of the amine salt on the swelling of the clay and on gelling of the slurry is reversible upon subsequent dilution with water, thereby facilitating use of the smectite in typical applications, e.g. as a retention aid in paper making, or as a viscosifier.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel metakaolin pigments which are characterized by a unique combination of exceptionally high brightness and exceptionally low abrasion along with the excellent hiding power equal to that achieved by premium conventional calcined kaolin pigments. The invention relates also to a method of producing such metakaolin pigments by subjecting relatively coarse high purity and high crystallinity kaolin booklets to highly intensive media grinding to generate fine kaolin particles of reduced crystallinity, and calcining the ground particles while limiting calcination temperature and time such as to form metakaolin.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing a filler composition suitable for incorporation in a polyester film-forming material, which process comprises the following steps:(a) calcining a crude kaolin clay under conditions such that the calcined product comprises particles consisting of aggregates of fine kaolin platelets;(b) suspending the calcined clay product from step (a) in water containing a dispersing agent for the calcined clay, so as to form a suspension containing from 40% to 70% by weight of dry calcined clay;(c) subjecting the suspension formed in step (b) to comminution by attrition grinding with a particulate grinding medium for a time sufficient to reduce the average diameter of the aggregate particles to within the range from 0.3 .mu.m to 0.9 .mu.m, and to ensure that the calcined clay is substantially free of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter larger than 5 .mu.

Abstract: A method for preparing a time-stable, low viscosity, pumpable high solids aqueous bentonite slurry which has good application properties upon dilution and use. An aqueous solution of at least first and second salt components is prepared in which there is dispersed at least 8% by weight of the resultant slurry of a powdered bentonite. The first salt component is selected to give if used alone an acceptably low viscosity to the slurry at said high solids and at least good application properties upon the dilution and use. The second salt component is selected to act in combination with the first salt component to substantially further decrease the acceptably low viscosity at a specified high solids content or to enable increase of the solids content while maintaining the acceptably low viscosity, while not substantially impairing the application properties. The high solids pumpable slurry product is also claimed.

Abstract: A melanin-coated pigment obtained by coating a carrier with a readily alkali-soluble natural melanin, and a cosmetic containing the pigment are provided. The melanin-coated pigment is highly safe and has high coloring and high saturation tone, and a cosmetic which contains it is also expected to have ultraviolet-ray-absorbing and anti-oxidizing effects.

Abstract: A method for producing calcined kaolin pigments of high opacifying properties and low abrasion. A kaolin crude is selected having a G.E. brightness in the range of 70 to 80, a titania content of 2.0 to 3.0% by weight, less than 2% iron expressed as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, and a particle size distribution such that at least 88% by weight of the particles of said crude are of less than 2 .mu.m E.S.D.. The crude is blunged with water, and the resultant slurry degritted to form an aqueous slurry having at least 65% by weight solids. The slurry is centrifuged and a fraction recovered having over 65% solids, and in which at least 92% by weight of the particles are of less than 2 .mu.m. The recovered fraction is dried to less than 1% moisture, and pulverized to break up agglomerates. The pulverized fraction is then calcined by heating same to 1450.degree. to 1600.degree. F. after which the calcined kaolin is milled to yield a product having a G.E. brightness of 79 to 81 and an Einleiner abrasion of not mere than 2.

Abstract: A composite pigment product useful as a paper filler pigment comprises a mineral nucleus coated with a substantially continuous substantially uniform coating of an active paper pigment. The active paper pigment coating is preferably formed in situ under alkaline conditions.

Abstract: Composite pigments and processes for making the same, useful as partial or total replacement for pigments conventionally employed in paper, paper coatings, paint, ink, and in rubber, are disclosed. The composite pigments comprise one or more synthetic or natural core particles having adsorbed on the surface thereof a polymeric dispersant having a positive or negative charge, and one or more natural or synthetic co-particles having adsorbed on the surface thereof a polymeric dispersant having a positive or negative charge opposite the charge of the core particles. The composite pigments provide improved optical and other properties.

Abstract: An improved method for improving the brightness of clay of the type that is capable of being bleached by an oxidative reagent such as Georgia gray kaolin. Such clay, in the form of a dispersed slurry, is treated with a combination of sodium silicate, sodium hypochlorite and ozone, most preferably followed by magnetic purification and a reduction bleach. Sodium hypochlorite is added shortly before ozonation.

Abstract: A method for the production of powder of fine inorganic particles excellent in dispersibility in various solvents from a slurry of said fine inorganic particles containing water, which method comprises preparing a slurry as a raw material by incorporating in said slurry at least one orgaic compound selected from the group consisting of (A) methanol and (B) organic compound capable of dissolving of dissolving water in an amount of not less than 1.0% by weight at 20.degree. C. and forming a two-component azeotropic mixture of water and organic compounds having a water content of not less than 4.0% by weight and converting said prepared slurry into powder by the use of a powderization apparatus comprising an externally heatable pipe one end of which serves as a slurry inlet and the other end of which serves as a device for separating the produced powder and a vapor held in a vacuum state and a powder and a powder collecting chamber connected to said separating device.

Abstract: There is provided a composite oxide represented by the formulaiR.sub.2 O.jAl.sub.2 O.sub.3.kTiO.sub.2.mSiO.sub.2.nH.sub.2 Owherein R denotes an alkali metal, i is 0.3 to 1, k is 0 to 0.9, j+k=1, m is 7 to 70 and n is 0.2 to 0.4, said composite oxide being amorphous, and its cumulative specific pore volume of pores having a pore radius of 10.sup.4 A or less being 2.0 to 3.0 cc/g. This composite oxide can be produced by a process which comprises a first reaction step of adding an acid aqueous solution capable of forming a silicate by reaction with an alkali silicate to 7 to 10% by weight, calculated as silica, of an alkali silicate aqueous solution in the presence of a salt at 10 to 45.degree. C. such that a neutralization ratio becomes 20 to 40%, and a second reaction step of heating the reaction solution obtained in the above reaction at temperature of 90.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to structural aggregate pigment products that are cationic, and have improved wet-end retention. A method for converting anionic pigments to cationic pigments is also provided. More particularly, a structural aggregate pigment comprising a clay and/or titanium dioxide or other particulate components, and a functional microgel made from silicon and aluminum or zinc gel formers and a gelling agent such as calcium chloride, can be cationized by adding an effective amount of modified or unmodified epichlorhydrin dimethylamine condensate to a slurry of the structured pigment. The resulting cationic pigments have superior papermaking characteristics and a much improved retention.

Abstract: Pigments in a form for bulk shipment are prepared by kneading dry pigment particles with a limited amount of water or an aqueous slurry of pigment particles to form dough-like, dust-free agglomerates which are shipped without subsequent drying and/or compaction.

Abstract: A trace amount of a polytetrafluoroethylene resin is incorporated with an abrasive pigment prior to or during the preparation of an aqueous pigment slurry or is applied to dry pigment to reduce the abrasivity of the pigment. The treated pigment can be employed in the manufacture of filled and coated paper.

Abstract: Composite pigment products containing from 4.5% up to 50%, by weight, of particulate titanium dioxide in which particles of the latter and other particulate pigmentary, subpigmentary and nonpigmentary components are cemented intrinsically with the aid of in-situ synthesized complex microgels.

Abstract: A method of producing a totally water-based paint product with dispersed particles comprises the steps of:forming a first intermediate product including an aqueous colloidal solution of a non-ionic colloid, a pigment, sodium acetate and an inorganic compound in the form of acicular particles;adding the first intermediate product to a first aqueous solution of a precipitating agent which contains boron, and can precipitate the colloid solution, thus forming a second intermediate product;adding a second solution to the second intermediate product to stabilize the product and correct its viscosity, thus forming a third intermediate product, andadding a water-based mixture containing a resin having film-forming properties to the third intermediate product.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a aggregated kaolin pigment having desired physical and optical characteristics when used as a coating, filler or pigment in paper. The aggregated pigment is produced by contacting a substantially dry fine particle size kaolin with a previously hydrolyzed organic silicon compound, such as hydrolyzed tetraethoxysilane, and then recovering the aggregated kaolin pigment.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an ultraviolet-screening scale pigment comprising scale-like inorganic particles and a zinc oxide coating layer of 50 to 250 wt% (calculated as ZnO) based on the scale-like inorganic particles, a water content of said zinc oxide coating layer being not more than 7 wt%; a process for producing the scale pigment; and cosmetics containing the scale pigment.

Abstract: A coloring pigment useful for coloring or tinting inks, paints, plastics and rubber comprises the reaction product of a cationic organic dye and a hectorite mineral, the hectorite mineral having a small average particle size and a high cation exchange capacity. The pigment has excellent color strength and does not bleed in water or oil and is easily dispersable in aqueous and organic media.

Abstract: Water soluble salts of a .beta.-polyaspartic acid, i.e., a polyaspartic acid having predominantly beta linkages in the amino acid residue chain thereof, are eminently well suited as dispersants for particulate matter in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: Aggregate pigment products made of low-refractive-index raw materials, in which pigmentary, subpigmentary and nonpigmentary components are cemented intrinsically with the aid of in-situ synthesized complex microgels.

Abstract: A smectite clay is provided as an elevated solids aqueous slurry e.g. up to 50% solids, which is composed of the smectite clay slurried or dispersed in water containing an effective concentration of a monovalent salt. When such a salt is present in the clay slurry, the clay does not swell appreciably, is essentially inactive, and the slurry can be shipped and stored without creating a gelling problem. When this slurry is diluted with fresh water at the point of application to make it of the desired solids content for use, the smectite clay is activated and exhibits the desired properties, such as viscosity, retention, etc.