Abstract: Carbon-containing fly ash has been treated with optimum amounts of ozone. There is homogenous treatment of the fly ash with ozone and over saturation with ozone is avoided. In a further embodiment of the invention carbon, from various sources is oxygenated to be incorporated into concrete. The preferred oxygenating agent is ozone.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a composition including: mixing a basic material with a pigment dispersion including at least a pigment and water; and then subjecting the mixture of the basic material and pigment dispersion to a heat treatment. This composition is useful as an inkjet ink composition. An inkjet ink composition including at least pigment, water and a basic material, and has a pH of from 6.5 to 11.0 is also provided. An image forming method including discharging the composition from a nozzle to form an ink image on a receiving material is provided.

Abstract: A method of attaching one or more organic groups onto a particle is described which involves reacting at least one radical with at least one particle wherein the radical is generated from the interaction of at least one transition metal compound with at least one organo-halide compound in the presence of one or more particles capable of radical capture. Variations of this method are also described.

Abstract: There is disclosed a processed pigment comprising a pigment having a dispersing agent adsorbed physically and/or chemically onto part of the surface of the pigment, and a cationic polymerizable compound bonded through a covalent bond to the surface of the pigment. Preferably, the cationic polymerizable compound is formed of an alicyclic epoxy compound.

Abstract: A modified particle or aggregate is disclosed wherein a particle has an attached group having the formula: 1

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of carbonaceous materials comprising a plurality of gamma-keto-carboxyl containing functional groups surface bonded thereto, and further provides several surface modified carbonaceous materials resulting therefrom.

Abstract: Novel carbon blacks are described which have a volatile content of from about 1.5 to about 3.5 and/or a moisture content of at least 0.5 along with one or more analytical properties. Inks and coating and other compositions are further described which include the carbon blacks of the present invention. Methods of decreasing the cure energy of an ink as well as methods to improve storage stability are further described.

Abstract: There are provided a composite which is formed of a component (a) or a component (b) and a component (c), or the component (a) or the component (b) and a component (d), and is suitable for various uses such as an electrically-conductive material, (a) oxidized form thin film particles which are obtained by oxidizing graphite, have a carbon skeleton, have a thickness of 0.4 nm to 10 nm and a planar-direction size of at least 20 nm and have lyophilic to a liquid having a relative dielectric constant of at least 15, (b) reduced form thin film particles obtained by partially or completely reducing the above thin film particles so as to have an oxygen content of 0 to 35 wt %, (c) a macromolecule as a matrix component, and (d) low molecular-weight parts which bond a plurality of the thin film particles by a covalent bond, a process for the production of the composite, and a method for reducing oxidized form thin film particles.

Abstract: Paint and coating material system comprising a) at least one solids component comprising at least one organic or inorganic white, black or chromatic pigment, organic or inorganic fillers, or mixtures thereof, and b) at least one binder component, characterized in that the components of the system in water, with a specific energy input of less than 150 J/cm3, based on the sum of the volumes of the components and water, produced an aqueous dispersion having a particle size of <60 &mgr;m (determined in accordance with ISO 1524: 1983).

Abstract: This invention relates to carbon black pellets obtained by compaction of carbon black powder in the presence of auxiliary substances, which pellets, despite the compaction, surprisingly exhibit greater color intensity than the powders on which they are based.

Abstract: The invention pertains to pigment granulates for the coloring of asphalt, bitumen, bituminous materials, tar, and plastics as well as processes to manufacture such granulates. The mixture to be granulated comprises a mixture containing one or more pigments, at least one agent to promote the coloring and distribution in homopolar media and/or at least one dispersant for polar system as well as one or more solvents if necessary.

Abstract: There are disclosed insulated ultrafine powder comprising electroconductive ultrafine powder which is in the form of sphere, spheroid or acicular each having a minor axis in the range of 1 to 100 nm and an insulating film applied thereto; a process for producing the same which is capable of covering the surfaces of the insulated ultrafine powder with the insulating film having a thickness in the range of 0.3 to 100 nm without causing any clearance or vacancy; and a resin composite material which uses the same. A high dielectric constant of the material is assured by adding a small amount of insulated ultrafine powder wherein an insulating film is applied to the electroconductive ultrafine powder, while maintaining the processability and moldability that are the characteristics inherent in a resin material.

Abstract: A carbonaceous material with organic groups obtainable by reacting carbonaceous material with organic compounds of the general formula I

Abstract: A carbon-containing material with organic groups, which is obtainable by reaction of the carbon-containing material with organic compounds of the general formula 1 A process for preparing the carbon-containing material according to the invention is also described. The carbon-containing materials according to the invention can be used as fillers, reinforcing fillers, UV stabilizers, conductivity carbon blacks or pigments.

Abstract: Erasable inks are provided for use in a writing instruments. In one aspect, the inks include a solvent, and, dispersed in the solvent as a colorant, a pigment having a flake-like morphology, the ink being substantially free of other colorants.

Abstract: Processes for preparing a carbon black product having an organic group attached to the carbon black. In one process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon black in the absence of an externally applied electric current sufficient to reduce the diazonium salt. In another process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon black in a protic reaction medium. Carbon black products which may be prepared according to process of the invention are described as well as uses of such carbon black products in plastic compositions, rubber compositions, paper compositions, and textile compositions.

Abstract: An electrically conductive thermoplastic composition with a superior ability to be heated rapidly in an electromagnetic field comprises a polyetherimide resin, a polyester resin, and electrically conductive filler. Such compositions display good dimensional stability at elevated temperatures especially when heated rapidly using electromagnetic radiation, which renders them useful in articles and operations where rapid assembly is important.

Abstract: To provide an ink for producing a catalyst capable of stably forming metal particles which act as catalysts suitable for growth of carbon fibers by applying them onto a substrate.

Abstract: The invention pertains to pigment granulates for the coloring of asphalt, bitumen, bituminous materials, tar, and plastics as well as processes to manufacture such granulates. The mixture to be granulated comprises a mixture containing one or more pigments, at least one agent to promote the coloring and distribution in homopolar media and/or at least one dispersant for polar systems as well as one or more solvents if necessary.

Abstract: A new and useful nonaqueous liquid pigment dispersion is provided which is easy to handle and produces thorough and effective colorations within target media, particularly as compared to standard solid pigments or high-viscosity liquid pigment dispersions. More specifically, the present invention relates to liquid pigment dispersions possessing viscosities of at most 5,000 centipoise at standard temperature and pressure. Such a low viscosity is obtained through the addition of relatively low amounts of aprotic viscosity modifiers possessing dipole moments of at between about 1.0 and 5.0, alternatively measured in terms of a flash point between about −20° C. and 180°, such as, most preferably cyclic carbonates.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the incorporation of sulfonate functional groups onto the surface of carbonaceous compounds and materials, and similarly provides several surface modified carbonaceous compounds and materials resulting therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention is a fly ash filler or filler blend having a particle size distribution with at least three modes that when combined with asphalt produces asphalt composites such as roofing shingles with improved mechanical properties at a lower cost than asphalt shingles produced using conventional calcium carbonate fillers. The present invention also includes a method for producing an asphalt composite, comprising the steps of combining asphalt with a fly ash filler or a filler blend having a particle size distribution with at least three modes and producing an asphalt composite with the resulting filled asphalt. The present invention further includes a method of determining what fly ashes can be used as fillers for asphalt composites such as roofing shingles.

Abstract: Pigment flakes are provided which can be used to produce colorant compositions having color shifting properties. The pigment flakes can have a symmetrical coating structure on opposing sides of a reflector layer, can have an asymmetrical coating structure with all of the layers on one side of the reflector layer, or can be formed with encapsulating coatings around a reflector layer. The coating structure includes a selective absorbing layer on one or more sides of the reflector layer, a dielectric layer on the selective absorbing layer, and an absorber layer on the dielectric layer. The pigment flakes exhibit a discrete color shift such that the pigment flakes have a first color at a first angle of incident light or viewing and a second color different from the first color at a second angle of incident light or viewing. The pigment flakes can be interspersed into liquid media such as paints or inks for subsequent application to objects or papers.

Abstract: A photocatalytic active carbon capable of demonstrating a stable deodorizing and adsorbing ability for a prolonged period of time is produced by depositing a coating of a photocatalyst on the surface of the active carbon by means of vapor deposition. Colored photocatalytic active carbon coloring active carbon including the photocatalytic active carbon, which while maintaining the adsorbing action and the decomposing and sterilizing action, comes to be rich in color variations and capable of improving visual design and handling are produced by subjecting the surface of the active carbon to coloring treatment and/or treatment with a compound having coloring or discoloring properties upon hydration.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to carbon blacks having organic groups. The organic groups are connected by one or two carbon atoms of a C—C single bond or double bond that are not a component of an aromatic system, contain at least one activating substituent on at least one carbon atom of the C—C single bond or double bond and contain no cyclic C3 structure or 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene. The invention includes methods of producing these carbon blacks in which black is reacted with organic compounds containing a C—C double bond or triple bond activated by at least one substituent. The carbon blacks can be used as fillers, reinforcing fillers, UV stabilizers, conductance blacks or pigments.

Abstract: Novel carbon blacks are described which have a volatile content of from about 1.5 to about 3.5 and/or a moisture content of at least 0.5 along with one or more analytical properties. Inks and coating and other compositions are further described which include the carbon blacks of the present invention. Methods of decreasing the cure energy of an ink as well as methods to improve storage stability are further described.

Abstract: The present invention discloses coating compositions comprising a liquid vehicle and a carbon product having a t-area greater than or equal to 400 m2/g. In addition, the present invention discloses coating compositions comprising a liquid vehicle and a modified carbon product having a t-area greater than or equal to 350 m2/g, wherein the modified carbon product comprises a carbon product having attached at least one organic group.

Abstract: The invention provides an ink composition having improved printing performance. The ink composition includes an ink vehicle, from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight self-dispersed ink pigment, from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight dye, a humectant, and a penetrant, wherein the weight ratio of ink pigment to dye ranges from greater than about 0.75:1 to less than about 2.5:1. Such ink compositions exhibit substantially improved permanence, decreased drying time, and high optical density compared to ink compositions containing only ink pigment or dye.

Abstract: The invention relates to a platelet-shaped pigment having high luster and high covering power or high transparency, consisting of a transparent, inorganic, platelet-shaped matrix which can contain an additional constituent, characterized in that the additional constituent is a soluble or insoluble colorant and in that the matrix is coated at least on one side with one or more thin, transparent or semi-transparent reflective layers of metal oxides or metals to achieve the luster.

Abstract: Gas-diffusion electrodes containing modified carbon products are described wherein the modified carbon product is a carbon product having attached at least one organic group. The modified carbon product can be used for at least one component of the electrodes such as the active layer and/or the blocking layer. Methods to extend the service life of electrodes as well as methods to reduce the amount of fluorine containing compounds are also described.

Abstract: A method for preventing a carbon dispersion from increasing in viscosity during use is described. The dispersion comprises graphite particles or carbon black particles or a combination of both dispersed in a fluid. The method involves lowering the susceptibility of the carbon dispersion to an increase in viscosity or ionic strength by lowering its pH or reducing its exposure to reactive components in the ambient atmospheric gas. The pH can be lowered by at least partially removing ammonia from the dispersion, or by adding a material that reduces the pH of the dispersion. The stability of the dispersion can also be improved by isolating the dispersion from reactive atmospheric gas. The stabilized aqueous carbon dispersion can have a viscosity of less than about 20 cps and a conductivity of less than about 3 mS.

Abstract: Systems and methods of making and using fine particle materials in pigment blends and for using the aforementioned pigment blends in paint, coating, or coloring compositions are provided. This invention further provides systems and methods of enhancing the visual appearance of a variety of substrates by introducing a paint, coating, or coloring composition to the substrate. The fine particle materials of the present invention have a substantially random geometric shape, a particle size less than about 100 microns, and help provide both functional and visual enhancing properties to compositions and substrates containing these fine particle materials.

Abstract: Carbon fiber-filled PC-ABS resin compositions which have improved electrical properties at a given level of carbon fibers, and which do not suffer from as significant a decrease in impact strength as would result from the introduction of generic carbon fibers are achieved using carbon fibers treated with a polyamide terpolymer binder. The bundles are dispersed within the PC-ABS blend. The compositions can be used for injection molding of articles for use as components in applications requiring static dissipation and/or EMI shielding. Such articles include, but are not limited to electronic devices, dust handling equipment and notebook computer enclosures.

Abstract: Thin-film-like particles and isolated films of an extremely small thickness having a skeleton constructed by carbons are provided. The thin-film-like particles take independent shapes, have a thickness of 0.4 to 10 nm and a breadth in a planar direction of 20 nm or more, and can disperse in a liquid having a relative dielectric constant of 15 or more. The thin-film-like particles are obtained by promoting separation of layers in oxidation of graphite. The particles in their dispersion are placed, along with the dispersion, on a mesh, and dried to obtain an isolated thin film. The thin-film-like particles are reduced to obtain thin-film-like graphite particles and these collective matters.

Abstract: The present invention describes modified pigment products comprising a pigment having attached at least one photopolymerizable group and at least one ionic or ionizable group. Dispersions, black matrixes, and resin compositions comprising these modified pigment products are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a composition including: mixing a basic material with a pigment dispersion including at least a pigment and water; and then subjecting the mixture of the basic material and pigment dispersion to a heat treatment. This composition is useful as an inkjet ink composition. An inkjet ink composition including at least pigment, water and a basic material, and has a pH of from 6.5 to 11.0 is also provided. An image forming method including discharging the composition from a nozzle to form an ink image on a receiving material is provided.

Abstract: A carbon-containing material with organic groups, which is obtainable by reaction of the carbon-containing material with organic compounds of the general formula 1 1

Abstract: A pigment preparation, containing a pigment and/or carbon black and a polymer and/or a surfactant selected from the group of cross-linked polyoxyethyleneacrylic acid, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alcohol alkoxylates, lignin sulfonates, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, naphthalene sulfonic acid derivatives or mixtures thereof which is prepared from an aqueous dispersion by freeze-drying. The pigment preparation can be used for coloring purposes and/or to provide antistatic characteristics in water-based coloring and lacquer systems, disperse dyes, printing inks, inking systems and coating systems.

Abstract: The pigment dispersion liquid is produced using at least a pigment, liquid medium, and a dispersant, as follows. That is, a mixture consisting of at least the pigment, liquid medium and the dispersant is held under a pressure which is less than the atmospheric pressure and then the mixture is held under a pressure equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure. Finally, dispersion is carried out.

Abstract: There is provided a method for regulating the average particle diameter of a pigment for an ink composition possessing excellent anti-clogging properties and ejection stability. The method comprises the steps of: dispersing the pigment in a solvent to prepare a stock pigment dispersion; and subjecting the stock pigment dispersion to crossflow membrane filtration.

Abstract: An ink composition containing a surface-modified pigment is provided which can realize anti-clogging properties and images having high print density. The ink composition comprises at least a colorant, glycerin, a glycol compound, and water, the colorant being a surface-modified pigment dispersible and/or dissolvable in water without any dispersant, the glycerin being contained in an amount of 3 to 30% by weight based on the ink composition, the glycol compound being contained in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight based on the ink composition and having a molecular weight of 130 to 3,000.

Abstract: A modified particle is disclosed wherein a particle has an attached group having the formula: wherein Ar represents an aromatic group; R1 represents a bond, an arylene group, an alkylene group, wherein R4 is an alkyl or alkylene group or an aryl or arylene group; R2 and R3, which can be the same or different, represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, —OR5, —NHR5, —NR5R5, or —SR5, wherein R5, which is the same or different, represents an alkyl group or an aryl group; and SFR represents a stable free radical.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of pigment granules that are readily dispersible, robust, and have a reduced liability to dusting, preferably without the use of substantial quantities of binder, if any at all. The method comprises mixing at least one pigment selected from the group consisting of iron oxides, chromium oxides, cobalt blues, mixed metal oxides, carbon blacks and titanium oxides, with water to form a mixture having a dough-like consistency. The mixture is then extruded through at least one die to form extruded granules, thereby also compacting the mixture, which increases the strength of the granules. The extruded granules are then dried so that the final water content of the granules is less than substantially 5%.

Abstract: Carbon fiber-filled, thermoplastic resin compositions having improved electrical properties at a given level of carbon fibers are formed from thermoplastic resin and carbon fibers associated into bundles with a binder. The thermoplastic resin and the binder are selected to be incompatible such that the adhesion of the fiber to the resin is poor. An exemplary composition is formed from a thermoplastic polymer selected from among polystyrene, high impact polystyrene, polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene ether, polyether imide and blends thereof; and carbon fibers associated into bundles with a polyamide terpolymer binder. The bundles are dispersed within the thermoplastic polymer. The compositions can be used for injection molding of articles for use as components in applications requiring static dissipation and/or EMI shielding. Such articles include electronic devices, dust handling equipment and notebook computer enclosures.

Abstract: The present invention describes the reaction product of an alkanolamine and a hydrocarbyl succinic anhydride compound useful in assisting the dispersion of pigments in aqueous and/or non-aqueous media.

Abstract: The invention comprises a composition comprising a combination of carbon black and at least one surface treating agent selected from the group consisting of quinone compounds, quinoneimine compounds and quinonediimine compounds, as well as methods of obtaining the composition and the use of the composition in dispersing carbon black in a natural or synthetic polymer. The composition achieves increased dispersibility and improved mixing characteristics of the carbon black and improved processability of the carbon black containing polymer.

Abstract: The invention pertains to pigment granulates for the coloring of asphalt, bitumen, bituminous materials, tar, and plastics as well as processes to manufacture such granulates. The mixture to be granulated comprises a mixture containing one or more pigments, at least one agent to promote the coloring and distribution in homopolar media and/or at least one dispersant for polar systems as well as one or more solvents if necessary.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pigment dispersion that can be used for an ink jet printing-use pigment ink that affords stable printing characteristics and has excellent storage stability in an ink jet printer having a head driven at a high frequency and having finer nozzles in order to enhance image quality and raise the speed. Disclosed is also a method for manufacturing this pigment dispersion. This manufacturing method includes a step of surface-treating a self-dispersing type of pigment, in which at least hydrophilic, dispersibility-imparting group is introduced to the pigment surface directly and/or via a polyvalent group, and a step of dispersing the self-dispersing pigment obtained in said surface-treating step in an aqueous medium, wherein the dispersion step is a step in which at least the self-dispersing pigment, a wetting agent, and water are dispersed in the form of a liquid mixture.

Abstract: The invention provides an ink composition having improved printing performance. The ink composition includes an ink vehicle, from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight self-dispersed ink pigment, from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight dye, a humectant, and a penetrant, wherein the weight ratio of ink pigment to dye ranges from greater than about 0.75:1 to less than about 2.5:1. Such ink compositions exhibit substantially improved permanence, decreased drying time, and high optical density compared to ink compositions containing only ink pigment or dye.

Abstract: A colored interference pigment having a platelet-shaped layer as substrate, a coating of at least one metal oxide layer and, optionally, a further layer, at least two layers comprising or consisting of colorants.