Abstract: Cementicious materials including stainless steel slag and geopolymer can be added to conventional cement compositions, such as Portland cement, as a partial or total replacement for conventional cement materials. The stainless steel slag may comprise silicates and/or oxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, iron, aluminum, maganese, titanium, sulfur, chromium and/or nickel. The geopolymer may comprise aluminum silicate and/or magnesium silicate.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to effectively absorb and remove CO2 in an exhaust gas generated during an industrial process for reducing an amount of exhausting CO2 into the atmospheric air. The exhaust gas containing CO2 is blown into the agglomerate of solid particles containing CaO and/or Ca(OH)2 to contact CO2 to the agglomerate for fixing CO2 in the exhaust gas as CaCO3, thereby to reduce the CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas. Preferably, the solid particles contain water, and more preferably, the solid particles contain surface adhesive water.

Abstract: A cement composition of an environmental impact reducing type, used in the field of civil engineering and construction, which provides initial strength-development equal to that of ordinary Portland cement and which can reduce the clinker calcination amount, is provided. A cement composition containing Portland cement having a 3CaO.SiO2 content of at least 60% and a slowly cooled blast furnace slag powder, wherein the content of the slowly cooled blast furnace slag powder is from 10 to 50 parts per 100 parts of the cement composition.

Abstract: A synthetic slag is produced by melting the mineral content of an organic carbon-containing mineral, for example, oil shale or tar sands, with a source of lime such as cement kiln dust. The organic carbon, especially hydrocarbon, content of the mineral is oxidized by oxygen gas, which typically is derived from air or an air/oxygen combination, in an exothermic reaction and the heat generated provides the thermal energy for the reaction between the mineral content and the source of lime. In this way the gaseous products will typically comprise nitrogen, unreacted oxygen, water vapor and carbon dioxide, and heat energy can be readily recovered from the hot off gas products evolving during the combustion reaction. The synthetic slag may be pelletized and employed as lightweight mineral aggregate or milled, or atomized and then milled, to cement fineness to provide slag cement.

Abstract: Cementicious materials including stainless steel slag and geopolymer can be added to conventional cement compositions, such as Portland cement, as a partial or total replacement for conventional cement materials. The stainless steel slag may comprise silicates and/or oxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, iron, aluminum, manganese, titanium, sulfur, chromium and/or nickel. The geopolymer may comprise aluminum silicate and/or magnesium silicate.

Abstract: A plugging fluid for plugging a subterranean formation zone surrounding a drill hole consisting of an emulsion comprising an oil phase containing an oil, an emulsifier and 2.4 to 4 kg of cement per liter of oil and an aqueous phase containing water and 12-16 g of polysaccharide per liter of water, wherein the oil to water volume ratio ranges from 20:80 to 25:75. Upon shearing, the emulsion inverts so that the rupture of the emulsion droplets releases the cement into the water phase thus providing metallic divalent ion to crosslink with the polysaccharide and forming a gel structure.

Abstract: A cement admixture and a cement composition having a carbonation suppressing effect and a heat-of-hydration suppressing effect are provided. A cement admixture containing one or more non-hydraulic compounds selected from the group consisting of &ggr;-2CaO.SiO2, &agr;-CaO.SiO2 and calcium magnesium silicate, a cement composition containing said admixture, and a carbonation suppressing method by use of said cement admixture or cement composition. According to the present invention, a remarkable carbonation suppressing effect can be obtained particularly when used in portland blast-furnace slag cement. This leads to an effective use of steelmaking slag and the like, and the load of clinker can be reduced, so that a cement composition of a low environmental load type can be attained. Further, this is suitable for cements in conformity with the EN standards, which are used in civil engineering and building industries.

Abstract: Cementitious compositions comprising pozzolonic materials, alkaline earth metals, and a catalysts to catalyze the reaction between the pozzolonic materials and the alkaline earth metals.

Abstract: A synthetic slag is produced by a high temperature combustion reaction between coal ash having a high carbon content, and a source of lime such as cement kiln dust. The carbon content of the coal ash is oxidized by oxygen gas, which typically is derived from air or an air/oxygen combination in an exothermic reaction and the heat generated is exploited in the melting process. In this way the gaseous products will typically comprise nitrogen, unreacted oxygen and carbon dioxide, and heat energy can be readily recovered from the hot off gas products evolving during the combustion reaction. The synthetic slag may be pelletized and employed as lightweight mineral aggregate or milled to cement fineness to provide slag cement.

Abstract: A process for the production of Portland cement and white Portland cement using magnesium furnace slag, a waste product from the manufacture of magnesium metal, as a primary starting material. The furnace slag is blended with calcium oxide and silicon dioxide to form a feedstock which is heated to a temperature and for an amount of time sufficient to form clinker. The clinker is cooled, ground to a powder, and blended the clinker with powdered gypsum to form the Portland cement. White Portland cement may be produced by removing iron containing compounds from the slag, minimizing contamination of the material by iron compounds throughout the process, and cooling the clinker in a manner that minimizes oxidation of any remaining iron compounds in the clinker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to settable compositions for general purpose concrete construction containing Class-F fly ash, Class-C fly ash or slag, and sodium chloride (NaCl) as a substantial replacement for Portland cement conventionally used in such compositions. The sodium chloride is an additive for improved high early strength and accelerated setting times, thereby allowing the concrete structure to be put into service sooner, reducing labor cost, and allowing precast concrete and concrete masonry manufacturers to achieve rapid form and mold turnover.

Abstract: A concrete composition contain glass, including ordinary recycled glass is provided. The invention also relates to methods of producing the concrete compositions of the invention. A concrete composition containing glass particles, including recycled glass, a substance to mitigate alkali-silica reaction such as E-glass particles, and or pozzolans and/or lithium-containing substances, and cement is provided as well. Compositions containing E-glass (also known as electric glass) and processes for producing E-glass-containing compositions are also provided.

Abstract: In the production of cement clinker or cement with the addition of a cement additive (40), such as for example slag, which is ground in a closed-circuit grinding installation into slag meal (32) of equal fineness to cement, in order to utilize excess slag capacity in a beneficial way in the cement clinker production process, an intermediate slag fraction (33, 34) withdrawn from a three-fraction classifying device (31) is added as a raw material component to the stock inlet of the rotary kiln (20) of the cement clinker production line, and at the same time the chemical composition of the remaining raw material components (10) is adapted to the added quantity (34) of the intermediate slag fraction.

Abstract: The invention concerns a treatment method comprising injection of oxygen into the liquid steel works slag, adding and dissolving in the slag alumina and lime sources, and optionally silica and iron sources and cooling the slag until solidification, the additions being carried out in such amounts and the cooling being performed at such speed that the resulting slag has a miner-alogical composition having one of the following constituting element (a) an amorphous glassy phase; (b) a first group of phases (1) consisting, in weight percentages, of 10-40 CA, 20-50 C2AS, 30-50 C6AF2 and 10-30 C2S; (c) a second group of phases (2) consisting, in weight percentages, of 20-40 C2F, 10-30 C2AS, 20-50 C6AF7 and 10-40 C2S, and (d) a mixture of amorphous glassy phase and of the first or second group of phases. The invention is applicable to hydraulic binders.

Abstract: In a method for producing puzzolanic or hydraulic grinding additives for the cement industry from basic oxidic slags, in particular steel slags, using a metal bath for the reduction of metal oxides contained in the slags, the basicities of the liquid slags are adjusted to values lying 0.1 to 0.5 below the basicity value (CaO/SiO2) of the target slag prior to the reduction by adding acidic corrective substances such as, e.g., quartz sand and/or blast furnace slag and/or SiO2-containing corrective substances.

Abstract: The invention concerns silica sol mixture comprising a first silica sol having a broad particle size distribution, the relative standard deviation being at least about 30% by numbers, and a second silica sol having a narrow particle size distribution having a relative standard deviation lower than about 15% by numbers. The invention also concerns a method for preparing a silica sol mixture and use thereof. The invention further concerns a concrete composition comprising a silica sol mixture and a method for preparing such composition.

Abstract: Storable compositions and slurries for cementing oil and gas wells are described which comprise blast-furnace slag besides other additives which are usual in the cementing technique. The compositions and slurries are insufficiently activated (or are activated immediately before introducing them into the well), so that they can be stored for at least 72 hours (alternatively they may be stored indefinitely) without the setting of the composition and dispense with the addition of activation inhibitors. The use of the compositions and slurries in the cementing of oil and gas wells is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to settable compositions for general purpose concrete construction containing Class-F fly ash, Class-C fly ash and/or slag, and potassium chloride (KCl) as a substantial replacement for Portland cement conventionally used in such compositions. The potassium chloride is an additive for improved high early strength and accelerated setting times, thereby allowing the concrete structure to be put into service sooner, reducing labor cost, and allowing precast concrete and concrete masonry manufacturers to achieve rapid form and mold turnover.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for sealing subterranean zones penetrated by well bores are provided. The methods basically comprise the steps of introducing a sealing composition into the subterranean zone comprised of a hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a slurry and a rapidly acting thixotropy providing gelling agent, and allowing the sealing composition to remain at rest in the zone whereby the sealing composition rapidly gels and then sets into a hard impermeable mass therein.

Abstract: Storable compositions and slurries for cementing oil and gas wells are described which comprise blast-furnace slag besides other additives which are usual in the cementing technique. The compositions and slurries are insufficiently activated (or are activated immediately before introducing them into the well), so that they can be stored for at least 72 hours (alternatively they may be stored indefinitely) without the setting of the composition and dispense with the addition of activation inhibitors. The use of the compositions and slurries in the cementing of oil and gas wells is also described.

Abstract: A hydratable cementitious composition which includes a blend of; (i) cement and/or; (ii) ground granulated blast furnace slag; and (iii) wastepaper sludge ash which is produced by heating wastepaper sludge to a combustion temperature in the range 850° C. to 1200° C. for a dwell time in the range 1 to 60 seconds.

Abstract: A slag cement mixture and process of making the same is disclosed. The slag cement mixture is composed of cupola slag and portland cement. The cupola slag is optionally ground granulated. One embodiment of the process includes rapidly quenching the slag by submersion into water or by spraying water onto it, and grinding the resulting product to achieve a fineness of at least 6,000 cm2/g. The process also includes the addition of 35% ground granulated cupola slag to portland cement to achieve a stronger and harder cement than portland cement alone.

Abstract: A porosifying, solidification-accelerating additive for binding agent building materials consisting of Al2O3, 50-90%; MgO, 4-20%; SiO2, 0.5-15%; AlN, 0.1-5%; Fe2O3, 0.1-5%; CaO, 0.1-5%; F, 0.1-5%; Na2O, 0.1-5%; K2O, 0.1-2%; as well as in the form of metallic particles: Al, 0.1-10%; Si, 0.1-3%; Fe, 0.1-3%; balance in total maximum, 5%; annealing losses, 0.1-15%; and of mineral main constituents in the form of corumdum (&agr;-Al2O3) and spinel (MgO×Al2O3), wherein the metallic aluminum particles are enveloped by mineral transition modifications from aluminum hydroxide (Al2O3×3H2O) to &agr;-aluminum oxide, the powder comprises a particle size of at least 90% smaller than 500 &mgr;m, and the BET surface of the powder amounts to at least 10 m2/g.

Abstract: In a method for producing puzzolanic or hydraulic grinding additives for the cement industry from basic oxidic'slags, in particular steel slags, using a metal bath for the reduction of metal oxides contained in the slags, the basicities of the liquid slags are adjusted to values lying 0.1 to 0.5 below the basicity value (CaO/SiO2) of the target slag prior to the reduction by adding acidic corrective substances such as, e.g., quartz sand and/or blast furnace slag and/or SiO2-containing corrective substances.

Abstract: The invention relates to a delayed-setting concrete based on blast furnace slag. The invention further relates to a method of initiating the setting of said concrete.

Abstract: A method of rapidly reducing chromium oxide-containing slag and the like in large quantities, in a simplified manner and without requiring high temperatures. Chromium oxides are reduced with at least one of elementary sulfur and compounds of sulfur having a valence less than 6. For an aqueous solution of the sulfur component, desirably, its sulfur content is more than 0.03% by weight. As the sulfur source, preferred is blast furnace slag (e.g., non-aged, gradually-cooled blast furnace slag) that is discharged in large quantities in the iron industry. Cr6+ in chromium oxides is reduced in one of the following ways: (a) Chromium oxide-containing substances are sprayed with or immersed in blast furnace slag-released water that has been used in cooling blast furnace slag. (b) Chromium oxide-containing substances are mixed with blast furnace slag, and then kept in an air atmosphere. Optionally, the mixture is sprayed with blast furnace slag-released water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a delayed-setting concrete based on blast furnace slag. The invention further relates to a method of initiating the setting of said concrete.

Abstract: A formulation and dewaterable slurry for coating a building product. The coating formulation includes an hydraulic binder and a quantity of dewatering agent. A slurry is produced from said formulation and applied to the product to be coated. The resultant coating may be dewatered through said product. Dewatering can be accomplished with or without vacuum assistance.

Abstract: Storable compositions and slurries for cementing oil and gas wells are described which comprise blast-furnace slag besides other additives which are usual in the cementing technique. The compositions and slurries are insufficiently activated (or are activated immediately before introducing them into the well), so that they can be stored for at least 72 hours (alternatively they may be stored indefinitely) without the setting of the composition and dispense with the addition of activation inhibitors. The use of the compositions and slurries in the cementing of oil and gas wells is also described.

Abstract: Delayed thixotropic cement compositions and methods of cementing in subterranean zones penetrated by well bores are provided. The novel cement compositions are basically comprised of a hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a slurry and a water soluble delayed thixotropy imparting additive selected from the group consisting of carbonic acid and alkali metal carbonates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of limiting the release of organic materials into the environment during the making of foundations, according to which a concrete is used which is based on blast furnace slag ground to a fineness of between about 2,500 and 5,000 Blaine. The invention also relates to a concrete which can be used in said method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in cement for use in concrete of high strength and high flowability, mass concrete, shrinkage compensating concrete or concrete of high resistibility which are employed in the field of engineering and architecture or as building material through incremental launching method or wet formation. When the ratio of Al2O3 to Fe2O3 is regulated to a value of 0.05 to 0.62, the strength of concrete of high strength and high flowability can further be improved, and heat of hydration can be prevented, while improving the flowability of cement and maintaining a long-term strength thereof.

Abstract: A hydraulic binder containing a glassy bulky slag milled to a fineness above 5000 cm2. Blaine and wherein the latently hydraulic blast furnace slag has a glassiness above 93%, contains 34 to 40% SiO2, 34 to 37% CaO and above 9% and previously below 13% Al2O3. The (CaO+MgO)/(Al2O3+SiO2) ratio ranges from 0.88 to 0.98. Preferably the binder contains 0.5 to 5% porcelain cement clinker or porcelain cement. The above conditions can be met by mixing several slags.

Abstract: The invention describes an activated supersulphated aluminosilicate binder containing aluminosilicates, calcium sulphate and an activator containing alkali metal salts, wherein the aluminosilicates are selected from the group consisting of blast furnace slag, clay, marl and industrial by-products such as fly ash with the proviso that the Al2O3 content is greater than 5% by weight, wherein blast furnace slag is present in an amount exceeding 35% by weight and clay, marl and/or fly ash is present in an amount exceeding 5% per weight and wherein cement kiln dust in an amount of from 3 to 10% by weight is added to the mixture as an activator and calcium sulphate is used in an amount exceeding 5% by weight.

Abstract: A binder for mine tailings and aggregate used as a backfill for an underground void comprises ferrous slag, and cement kiln dust, optionally with lime kiln dust; the binder displays strength characteristics better than or comparable to those achieved with conventional binders based on Portland cement and slag.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of limiting the release of organic materials into the environment during the making of foundations, according to which a concrete is used which is based on blast furnace slag ground to a fineness of between about 2,500 and 5,000 Blaine.

Abstract: A chemical agent for improving the engineering properties of soil includes a mixture of cementitious pozzalans (5 to 60% by mass), calcium sulphate (20 to 80% by mass), an oxide of calcium (15 to 50% by mass) and silica oxide (1 to 30% by weight). Monofilament fibers can also be included in the mix.

Abstract: A slag cement mixture and process of making the same is disclosed. The slag cement mixture is composed of cupola slag and portland cement. The cupola slag is optionally ground granulated. One embodiment of the process includes rapidly quenching the slag by submersion into water or by spraying water onto it, and grinding the resulting product to achieve a fineness of at least 6,000 cm2/g. The process also includes the addition of 35% ground granulated cupola slag to portland cement to achieve a stronger and harder cement than portland cement alone.

Abstract: The invention relates to concrete compositions with improved characteristics which contain glass, including ordinary recycled glass. The invention also relates to methods of producing the concrete compositions of the invention. In particular, the invention relates to a cement composition containing glass particles, including recycled glass, a substance to mitigate alkali-silica reaction such as lithium-containing glass, and cement. The compositions provided exhibiting improved characteristics and are particularly useful for applications such as forming surfaces adjacent to swimming pools. The present invention also relates to compositions containing E-glass (also known as electric glass). Such compositions are particularly useful as pool plasters for finishing surfaces associated with swimming pool construction. The present invention also relates to processes for producing E-glass-containing compositions.

Abstract: A method of rapidly reducing chromium oxide-containing slag and the like in large quantities, in a simplified manner and without requiring high temperatures. Chromium oxides are reduced with at least one of elementary sulfur and compounds of sulfur having a valence less than 6. For an aqueous solution of the sulfur component, desirably, its sulfur content is more than 0.03% by weight. As the sulfur source, preferred is blast furnace slag (e.g., non-aged, gradually-cooled blast furnace slag) that is discharged in large quantities in the iron industry. Cr6+ in chromium oxides is reduced in one of the following ways: (a) Chromium oxide-containing substances are sprayed with or immersed in blast furnace slag-released water that has been used in cooling blast furnace slag. (b) Chromium oxide-containing substances are mixed with blast furnace slag, and then kept in an air atmosphere. Optionally, the mixture is sprayed with blast furnace slag-released water.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of iron bearing residues from the non-ferrous process industry into a synthetic rock, comprising the following steps: 1 part of the wet residue is mixed with at least 0.1 parts by weight of crushed blast furnace slags and with at least 0.1 parts by weight of crushed converter slags; water is added to the mixture to obtain a stiff paste; and the paste is allowed to harden, while kept wet, to such an extent that the resulting rock is usable for construction purposes.

Abstract: A method of producing a new type of cement, hereafter called Conch-krete. Conch-krete is created by adding sodium carbonate (also known as soda ash, natron, etc.) and one or more minerals from the calcium carbonate group (including aragonite, limestone, calcite, marble, dolomite, etc.) and the addition of water to the mix that will harden into a cement-like material. The combination of sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate can be either layered or in a mixed state. An exothermic reaction starts after the addition of water. The composition of Conch-krete can vary between 20% sodium carbonate and 80% calcium carbonate to 80% sodium carbonate and 20% calcium carbonate. Conch-Icrete can be used in a variety of applications not inclusive of forming bricks, interior architecture, table or counter tops, ornaments, repairing damaged cement products, casting and other applications not mentioned above.

Abstract: A method of making cement from base metal smelter slag produced by nickel, copper, lead or zinc smelter, includes grinding the slag with clinker and blast furnace slag to a size in the range of from about -250 to about 425 mesh to produce ground slag cement, and mixing the ground slag cement with Portland cement in a ratio of at least about 0.5:1 by weight to produce a blended cement.

Abstract: A method of solidifying a waste or soil composition containing at least one contaminant species which comprises adding to said composition binder and optionally water, mixing the binder into the waste or soil material to form a mixture thereof and simultaneously during formation of the mixture and/or subsequently after formation of the mixture, treating the mixture with sufficient carbon dioxide to achieve setting and subsequent hardening of said mixture so as to produce a solidified waste or soil composition.

Abstract: Undried blast furnace slag, for example, granulated blast furnace slag having a water content of 3 to 20, generally 5 to 15%, by weight, is introduced to hot clinker in a cooler downstream of a cement kiln; the water is volatilized or evaporated in the cooler to provide a cement clinker having an effective content of dried blast furnace slag free of water; this permits use of blast furnace slag in a blended cement without the need for separate special steps for drying the slag.

Abstract: A method of making cement from base metal smelter slag produced by a nickel, copper, lead or zinc smelter, includes crushing the slag with a source of calcium sulphate to a size of less than about 1/4 inch and heating the mixture to produce a cement, and grinding the cement to a size in the range of from about -250 to about 425 mesh.

Abstract: A method for producing cement is disclosed. The method has the advantages that a setting time can be shortened as compared with conventional cement, and a manganese slag can be treated at low cost without giving load to environment, by using the manganese slag which has conventionally been subjected to waste disposal, as a cement raw material. The method comprises using, as a part of cement materials, a manganese slag which is an insoluble component formed in extraction step and refining step in a production of electrolytic manganese dioxide comprising extracting a manganese component from manganese-containing ore, refining a manganese-containing aqueous solution obtained, and conducting electrolytic treatment, to produce manganese dioxide.

Abstract: In a process for the production of hydraulic binders, crude steel and/or alloys, such as, e.g., FeCr or FeV, from basic steel slags containing chromium and/or vanadium, the liquid steel slag is mixed with an additive selected from the group consisting of blast furnace slag, electric arc furnace slag, dusts from steel production, metallic waste substances or refuse incineration residues and/or with acid additives for lowering the viscosity, whereupon steel is sedimented out of the liquid slag and the remaining slag in a first reduction stage is reduced to metallic iron having an iron oxide content of below 5 wt. % and above 1 wt. %, whereupon the remaining slag melt in a second reduction stage having a higher reduction potential as compared to the first reduction stage is further reduced to metallic Cr or V or ferroalloys thereof and the hydraulically active slag is separated.

Abstract: Cementitious binders include calcium sulfate beta-hemihydrate, a cement component comprising Portland cement, and either silica fume or rice-husk ash. The silica fume or rice-husk ash component is at least about 92 wt % amorphous silica and has an alumina content of about 0.6 wt % or less.

Abstract: An inorganic binder composition has a first constituent which is a poly(sialate) or a poly(sialate-siloxo) admixed with a second constituent which has one or more of: fly ash F, fly ash C, fumed silica, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, pozzolan, ground slag, nephelene cyanite, anhydrous aluminum silicate, hydrous aluminum silicate, hydrous sodium hydroxide, silicic acid, potassium salt, and sodium salt.