Abstract: A method for coating a substrate with a cementitious composition by spraying, comprising the addition to the initial cementitious mix one of a .beta.-naphthalene sulphonate-formaldehyde condensate and a water-soluble poly(alkylene oxide) of molecular weight from 100,000-8,000,000, the other being added at the spraying nozzle, there being additionally added at the nozzle (preferably as a single component with the other nozzle-added material) an accelerator selected from aluminium sulphate, aluminium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxysulphate. In a preferred embodiment, the material added at the nozzle also contains a superplasticiser.

Abstract: A cement-based product is characterized by constituting a cement and filler mixture into which is incorporated a combination of a cationic additive and an anionic additive.

Abstract: The present invention provides light weight high temperature well cement compositions and methods. The compositions are basically comprised of calcium phosphate cement, water, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer and a gas present in an amount sufficient to form a foam having a density in the range from about 11.5 to about 15 pounds per gallon.

Abstract: The properties of cement matrices are improved by one or more of the three processes, which can be performed individually, sequentially, or in any desired combination. In each instance a supercritical fluid is or includes a solvent for one of two (or more) reactants such as a monomer and a polymer initiator. The resulting mixture is infused into the matrix under supercritical conditions. The other reactant is placed into the matrix; for example, by incorporating it in the wet cement paste prior to curing. When the mixture is infused into the matrix, the reactants react and change the cement matrix in predictable, desired ways. The solvent itself may or may not be supercritical, and if it is not, it is mixed with a supercritical fluid, which might or might not be another solvent. In this manner, the inside of the matrix may be coated and/or sealed with a polymer, for example, or the entire cement matrix may be rendered relatively flexible and ductile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved foamed well cement compositions, additives and methods. The additives, which foam and stabilize a cement slurry containing freshwater or saltwater, are basically comprised of an aqueous solution of an alpha-olefinic sulfonate surfactant and a betaine surfactant.

Abstract: Pulp fibers derived from wood or non-wood plants or recycled paper products are individualized and dispersed in water, and mixed into cement-based mixtures using conventional mixing procedures at relatively low dosages of about 0.3-30 kg of fiber per cubic meter of concrete. Once individualized, the affinity of plant pulp fibers for water facilitates their dispersion in normal cement-based mixtures. Fresh cement-based materials incorporating the dispersed individualized plant pulp fibers provide desirable workability, resistance to segregation and bleeding, pumpability, finishability, and reduced rebound when pneumatically applied. Hardened cement-based materials incorporating the dispersed individualized plant pulp fibers provide improvements in crack resistance, toughness, impact resistance, fatigue life, abrasion resistance, and other mechanical, physical and durability characteristics.

Abstract: Rapid setting cementitious compositions comprise hydraulic cement and at least 4% by weight based on the weight of the cement of a water-soluble malate or citramalate such as an alkali metal malate or alkali metal citramalate.

Abstract: A method of preparation of gypsum wallboard, as well as a core composition suitable for use therein, are disclosed. The core composition includes a slurry of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (stucco), water, and calcium aluminum lignosulfonate and/or aluminum lignosulfonate.

Abstract: A process for fluidizing an aqueous suspension of mineral particles or hydraulic binder pastes which comprises admixing said aqueous suspension of mineral particles or hydraulic binder pastes with one or more compounds or salts of compounds corresponding to the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon group comprising 1 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms;R.sub.i is an alkylene or an arylene group optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms;Q is a hydrocarbon group comprising 2 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms;A is an alkylidene group comprising 1 to 5 carbon atoms;R.sub.j is selected from the group consisting of an A-PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 group, an alkyl group comprising 1 to 18 carbon atoms and the group ##STR2## wherein R.sub.k is selected from the group consisting of an A-PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 group and an alkyl group and B is an alkylene group;n is 1 to 10,000;r is the sum of ?R-O(R.sub.i -O).sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides set retarding additives, set retarded hydraulic cement compositions and methods of using the set retarded cement compositions for cementing subterranean zones in wells. A preferred set retarding additive comprises an alkanolamine salt produced by the reaction of a hydroxy carboxy acid, such as tartaric acid, gluconic acid or glucoheptonic acid, with an alkanolamine, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine.

Abstract: Drainage concrete having a void volume of from 10 to 35% by volume and methods for its production and use. The drainage concrete comprising a) a hydraulic binder selected from the group consisting of cements, b) a polymeric binder comprising an anionic styrene/(meth)acrylate copolymer, and c) aggregates having particle sizes in the range from 2 to 32 mm and is suitable for producing a noise-reducing, highly absorbent, and water-permeable road surfacing which meets traffic safety requirements.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for coloring cement based compositions comprising water, pigment, a suspension enhancing agent and latex polymer solids.

Abstract: Powdered and liquid fluid loss additives are disclosed for use in cementing wellbores, particularly oil and gas wellbores. Excellent fluid loss control is achieved over a wide range of conditions using various cements systems. The invention utilizes polyvinyl acetate polymers as a fluid loss additive. The polyvinyl acetate polymer is used in conjunction with a dispersing sulfonated polymer and surfactant. This highly effective combination is then adjusted to individual well conditions with chelating agent, cross-linking agent, biocides, antifoams, or combinations of these. The dispersants are novel dispersing agent polymers such as melamine sulfonate polymer, vinyl sulfonate polymer and styrene sulfonate polymer and mixtures of these. These dispersant materials are usually prepared at low pH and can be used in the acid form, or neutralized to form salts of the polymers, wherein the salt can be a Group I or Group II metal salt, or ammonium salts (common salts).

Abstract: Compound binder comprising an aqueous emulsion of at least one hydrocarbon binder and, at least one hydraulic binder, which also contains at least one adjuvant intended to control the rate of setting of the hydraulic binder in order to obtain a liquid product with a viscosity of less than 1 Pa.s.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for coloring cement based compositions comprising water, pigment, a suspension enhancing agent and latex polymer solids.

Abstract: A cementitious composition comprising 0.1 to about 7.5 percent by weight of a solid residual oxidation product from the combustion of an aqueous emulsion of a naturally occurring asphalt from the Orinoco Belt of Venezuela which contains from about 100 to about 1500 ppm by weight of magnesium in the form of a water soluble magnesium salt, which product from the combustion contains magnesium sulfate present in the amount of from about 0.05 to about 4 percent by weight of the cementitious composition and from about 92.5 to about 99.95 percent by weight of a hydraulic silicate cement material.

Abstract: A high early strength admixture for precast hydraulic cement comprises a calcium salt and a copolymer having a carbon-containing backbone to which are attached cement-anchoring members, such as carboxyl groups, and to which are also attached oxyalkylene pendant groups by linkages selected from the group consisting of amide and imide members. The copolymers used are preferably formed by reacting an acrylic polymer with ammonia or an alkoxylated amine. The calcium salt, preferably calcium nitrite, and the copolymer can be added simultaneously as one admixture, or separately. The invention relates also to methods for enhancing high early strength in concrete, cement, masonry, and mortar mixtures generally, and to precast concrete particarly, and also pertains to such hydraulic mixtures containing the calcium salt and copolymer.

Abstract: The invention concerns a MDF cement material showing better impact strength meant as an increase in the breaking total energy, by fibers addition.

Abstract: Compound binder comprising an aqueous emulsion of at least one hydrocarbon binder and, at least one hydraulic binder, which also contains at least one adjuvant intended to control the rate of setting of the hydraulic binder in order to obtain a liquid product with a viscosity of less than 1 Pa.multidot.s.

Abstract: A water-borne polyurethane modified cement composition is prepared from a dispersion of a water-dispersible polyurethane, a cross-linking agent, which is a polycarbodimide having N.dbd.C.dbd.N functional groups, and cement. Optionally, a water-reducing agent, and a surfactant can be added. The modified cement composition has higher tensile strength, elongation, and water resistance.

Abstract: A system is provided including smart fibers which are employed to deliver agents or components to a matrix before or during cure to affect matrix cure or shaping reactions and final cured structures. The delivered agents may be reactants or catalysts to initiate or modify curing, or other agents such as heat, steam, or a coolant, for example. The system may be used to simulate bone formation, growth, and repair.

Abstract: A method for producing cement useful for preparing pastes, mortars, concretes and other cement-based materials, having a high workability with reduced water content, high strength and density, and a rapid development of strength, which method includes a mechanicochemical treatment of cement. The method includes a two-stage mechanicochemical treatment of a mixture of cement and at least one of two components, the first component being a SiO.sub.2 -containing microfiller and the second component being a polymer in the form of a powdery water-reducing agent. In the first stage the cement and the first and/or the second component are intensively mixed in a dry state, whereby particles of the first and/or the second component are adsorbed on the cement particles.

Abstract: The invention described includes a panel made of sheets of expanded polystyrene (EPS) that are held together by tensile connectors on each side of the panel and rebars that extend along the sides of the panel and are bent so that the rebars exert compressive forces urging the sheets of EPS into engagement. The invention also includes a novel concrete for coating the panels after they are arranged to form a structure. The concrete shrinks slightly to form a hard exoskeleton for the structure. A unique foundation for such structure is also enclosed where the panels provide the side forms for a slab of concrete and sand the bottom form.

Abstract: Cement admixtures contain an alkali metal carbonate as component (a) and a mono- or di-carboxylate acid or alkali metal salt thereof or an alkali metal salt of a tricarboxylic acid as component (b).

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for enhancing the bond strength of a cement matrix including reinforcement fibers and for modifying the surface characteristics of reinforcement fibers useful in cementitious materials. The processes further relate to controlling the interface properties and, more particularly, the bond strength (.tau.) and interface toughness (T.sub.i), between synthetic fibers and a cementitious material forming a matrix. By plasma treating synthetic fibers with an excitable gas capable of displacing hydrogen atoms occurring along said reinforcement fibers, the bond strength and interface toughness of the composite is dramatically increased over composites employing non-plasma treated fibers.

Abstract: A composition of hydraulic cement is disclosed, having low water demand, high strength and low fragility. The cement comprises finely ground Portland cement clinker, calcium sulfate and a dry modifier containing an organic water reducing component in a weight percent ratio of 91 to 97:2 to 7:0.085 to 4, respectively. The clinker particles comprise three fractions, I, II and III chemically bonded with the organic water reducing component and having respective particle sizes: I--0.05 to 10 mkm in a weight percent of 15.3 to 34.3; II--10.1 to 30 mkm in a weight percent of 37.2 to 77.5; III--30.1 to 80 mkm in a weight percent of 4.2 to 19.6; plus a fraction IV--having a particle size more than 80 mkm in a weight percent less than 4.9 and free of the modifier. The calcium sulfate comprises a fraction of particles of a size 0.5 to 15 mkm, free of the modifier. The dry modifier is chemically bonded with the three clinker fractions in the following weight percent quantities: I--0.045 to 1.7; II--0.02 to 2.

Abstract: Mortar cement additives provide workability while retaining strength by employing a multi-stage polymer comprising a hydrophobically-modified, ionically-soluble polymer stage, the polymer being soluble at a pH of 6 and above; and an air-entraining agent. The additives also employ, as optional ingredients, set retarding agents and superplasticizers. Examplary methods of the invention involve addition of the multi-stage polymer and an air entraining agent to the mortar cement, preferably during intergrinding of Portland cement in the mill. Cement compositions comprising the polymer and an air-entraining agent are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides resilient cement compositions and methods which are particularly useful in the construction and repair of oil and gas wells. The compositions have improved expansion properties and are basically comprised of a hydraulic cementitious material, rubber particles derived from automobile tires, sufficient water to form a pumpable slurry, and a dispersing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionamides for protecting buildings, building materials and insulation compounds against the penetration of roots into and through them, and to rooting-inhibiting bitumen mixtures, sealants and insulations.

Abstract: A cement admixture composed of a mixture of lower alkyl ether oxyalkylene adducts with a sulfonated organocyclic material to provide cement compositions of mortar and concrete which inhibit drying shrinkage while attaining very high slump and/or increased compressive strength.

Abstract: An ultrafine cementitious grout having a particle size 90% of which are less than 6 .mu.m in diameter and an average size of about 2.5 .mu.m or less, and preferably 90% of which are less than 5 .mu.m in diameter and an average size of about 2 .mu.m or less containing Portland cement, pumice as a pozzolanic material and superplasticizer in the amounts of about 40 wt. % to about 50 wt. % Portland cement; from about 50 wt. % to about 60 wt. % pumice containing at least 60% amorphous silicon dioxide; and from 0.1 wt. % to about 1.5 wt. % superplasticizer. The grout is mixed with water in the W/CM ratio of about 0.4-0.6/1. The grout has very high strength and very low permeability with good workability. The ultrafine particle sizes allow for sealing of microfractures below 10 .mu.m in width.

Abstract: The invention is a packaged ready mix, having a biodegradable external packaging, an oil-resistant degradable internal liner, and a thickened soil stabilizer surrounded by said internal liner. The external packaging is made from a material which decomposes in water. The thickened soil stabilizer contains a carrier and an organic binder. The packaged ready mix can be applied to soil without the need to remove, or dispose of, any packaging material.

Abstract: A cement setting and hardening accelerator having the formulaAl(OH).sub.x (R).sub.ywherein R is a basic anion which is not sulphate, and x+y=3. The anion is preferably derived from an acid RH.sub.n which is preferably an organic acid. The accelerator gives excellent performance in shotcrete and is alkali-free.

Abstract: A cementitious material in powder form comprising cement, also comprises sufficient of a granulated hydrophobing additive, which comprises from 5 to 15 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane component, from 10 to 40 parts by weight of a water-soluble or water-dispersible binder and from 50 to 80 parts by weight of a carrier particle, to give from 0.01 to 5% by weight of the organosiloxane component based on the weight of the cement. The cementitious material displays good hydrophobicity, which may improve upon subsequent wettings of the applied cementitious material to a substrate.

Abstract: The fluidity characteristics of cementitious compositions may be rapidly altered by the addition thereto of an aqueous dispersion of at least one comb polymer which comprises carboxylic moieties. The invention works especially well when the polymer is combined with an accelerator which is at least one of aluminium hydroxide or aluminium hydroxysulphate.

Abstract: Mortar formulations comprising a hydraulic cement and a PVOH stabilized acrylic latex or a spray dried redispersible powder made from the PVOH stabilized acrylic latex are disclosed. These include formulations suitable for use as tile mortars, patching mortars, EIFS base coats and grouts. An acrylic latex that, when formulated with hydraulic cement, has performance advantages over other latex resins in mortar, patch and exterior insulation and finishing systems. The spray dried, redispersible acrylic emulsion polymer that, when formulated with hydraulic cement, has comparable or better performance than a liquid latex in mortars and patches.

Abstract: A building material mixture for use in manual plasters, gun plasters and knifing fillers having reduced stickiness comprises at least one inorganic binder and a cellulose ether which has been treated with a hydrophobicizing agent.

Abstract: The hardenable mortar composition consists of a bonding agent component including a hydraulic bonding agent, such as cement, gypsum or mortar, and a paste-forming agent consisting of a liquid solvent inert with respect to the hydraulic bonding agent, and an aqueous component kept separate from the bonding agent component until the two components are mixed to form a hardened mortar composition. The aqueous component includes water and a hydrophobic adsorbent or absorbent. The hydrophobic adsorbent or absorbent is included in the aqueous component to avoid the emergence of the paste-forming agent, which is at the very least unsightly, when the aqueous component is mixed with the bonding agent component. The hydrophobic adsorbent or absorbent binds the paste-forming agent which would otherwise escape during mixing and remains as an inert additive in the setting mortar composition, without reducing the hardness thereof.

Abstract: A cement composition comprising a cement base and hemicellulose. The cement composition produces reduced efforescence and less bleeding. Self-leveling materials containing the cement composition also produce reduced efforescence and less bleeding and exhibit improved surface adhesion strength.

Abstract: An additive for concrete, mortar or grout comprises at least one admixture material in a compacted unit of selected amount, the unit having strength sufficient to maintain structural integrity during handling and storage, but having sufficient solubility or friability upon mechanical agitation within a wet mixing environment of a cementitious composition mixture to dissolve or fragment for uniform dispersal throughout the cementitious composition mixture.

Abstract: Powdered and liquid fluid loss additives are disclosed for use in cementing wellbores, particularly oil and gas wellbores. Excellent fluid loss control is achieved over a wide range of conditions using various cements systems. The invention utilizes polyvinyl acetate polymers as a fluid loss additive. The polyvinyl acetate polymer is used in conjunction with a dispersing sulfonated polymer and surfactant. This highly effective combination is then adjusted to individual well conditions with chelating agent, cross-linking agent, biocides, antifoams, or combinations of these. The dispersants are novel dispersing agent polymers such as melamine sulfonate polymer, vinyl sulfonate polymer and styrene sulfonate polymer and mixtures of these. These dispersant materials are usually prepared at low pH and can be used in the acid form, or neutralized to form salts of the polymers, wherein the salt can be a Group I or Group II metal salt, or ammonium salts (common salts).

Abstract: There is provided a cement composition having improved fluidity comprising cement and an addition copolymer of (a) an adduct of a polyether polyol and an ethylenically unsaturated isocyanate with (b) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a polyoxyalkylene ammonium salt of an imidized polycarboxylic acid polymer cement admixture, storage stable aqueous solutions of said polymer, and to improved cement compositions containing said polymer.

Abstract: An improved lightweight cementitious product made up of an aqueous cementious mixture using cement and expanded shale, clay and slate mix, that can incorporate fly ash, lime, and the weight saving component, which is micronized polystyrene particles having particle sizes in the range of 50 to 2000 microns, and characterized by having water contents in the range of from about 0.5% to 50% v/v. The ultra low water compositions can be extruded and can be molded under high pressure.

Abstract: A hydraulic composition comprising a water-soluble polymer in the form of a polyalkylene oxide derivative having a hydroxyl number of at most 50 KCH-mg/g in terms of terminal hydroxyl groups rendered hydrophobic, a surfactant having a weight-average molecular weight of at most 5,000, a superplasticizer, and a hydraulic powder, which can be endowed with high flowability, aggregate segregation resistance, and strength to remarkably improve the method of using concrete and the method of placing concrete and to thereby greatly enhance the far-reaching effect of eliminating noise pollution particularly in the production of concrete products and streamlining the production of the concrete products.

Abstract: A cementitious composition useful for water-resistant construction materials, including floor underlayments, backing boards, self-leveling floor materials, road patching materials, fiberboard, fire-proofing sprays, and fire-stopping materials includes about 20 wt. % to about 75 wt. % calcium sulfate beta-hemihydrate, about 10 wt. % to about 50 wt. % Portland cement, about 4 wt. % to about 20 wt. % silica fume and about 1 wt. % to about 50 wt. % pozzolanic aggregate. The Portland cement component may also be a blend of Portland cement with fly ash and/or ground blast slag.

Abstract: The invention relates to a phosphomagnesium cement obtained by mixing water and a binding phase based on at least one phosphorus compound, at least one magnesium compound and at least one inorganic compound, characterized in that the inorganic compound is introduced in the form:- either of particles (1) of size smaller than 0.1 .mu.m,- or of aggregates (2) of size smaller than 0.1 .mu.m,- or of agglomerates (3) capable of deagglomerating at least partially during the mixing of the said binding phase and of water, into particles of size smaller than 0.1 .mu.m or into aggregates of size smaller than 0.1 .mu.m.

Abstract: A cement pumpability-enhancing additive which comprises polyethylene glycol and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and/or a derivative thereof, and optionally polysaccharide. The additive is especially useful for high-strength, high-flow concretes for use in construction.

Abstract: The present invention provides lightweight, fast setting cement compositions and methods which can be utilized in performing a variety of well cementing operations. The cement compositions are basically comprised of slag cement, water sufficient to form a pumpable slurry, a gas sufficient to foam the slurry and a foaming agent.

Abstract: An admixture for concrete comprising, as an essential component, a copolymer prepared by copolymerizing (a) a polyalkylene glycol monoester monomer having 110 to 300 mols of an oxyalkylene group(s) each having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, with (b) at least one monomer selected from among acrylic monomers, unsaturated dicarboxylic monomers and allylsulfonic monomers. When this admixture is used in preparing concrete, the resulting concrete composition undergoes little change in the slump for a lengthened time, so that the quality of the concrete composition can be easily controlled.