Abstract: An oxygen fueled integrated pollutant removal and combustion system includes a combustion system and an integrated pollutant removal system. The combustion system includes a furnace having at least one burner that is configured to substantially prevent the introduction of air. An oxygen supply supplies oxygen at a predetermine purity greater than 21 percent and a carbon based fuel supply supplies a carbon based fuel. Oxygen and fuel are fed into the furnace in controlled proportion to each other and combustion is controlled to produce a flame temperature in excess The integrated. pollutant removal system includes at least one direct contact heat exchanger for bringing the flue gas into intimated contact with a cooling liquid to produce a pollutant-laden liquid stream and a stripped flue gas stream and at least one compressor for receiving and compressing the stripped flue gas stream.

Abstract: A method and device for cooling hot crude gas and slag from entrained flow gasification of liquid and solid combustibles at crude gas temperatures ranging from 1,200 to 1,800° C. and at pressures of up to 80 bar in a cooling chamber disposed downstream of the gasification reactor by injecting water. The cooling water is distributed, with a first portion being finely dispersed into to cooling chamber and a second portion being fed at the bottom into an annular gap provided between the pressure-carrying tank wall and an incorporated metal apron for protecting said pressure-carrying tank wall. The second portion of the cooling water flows upward in the annular gap and trickles down the inner side of the metal apron in the form of a water film.

Abstract: A combustion system comprising a burner and a combustion chamber, is connected by way of a line to a membrane unit having a high-temperature membrane for extracting the combustion oxygen from the air, the membrane unit having a feed line for a flushing gas on the permeate side. The combustion system further comprises a circulation element for recirculated flue gas, a heat exchanger being disposed upstream of the membrane unit inside the flue gas line. Disclosed is a method for operating this combustion system, in which carbon-containing fuel is burned in an oxygen-flue gas atmosphere, and in which the oxygen for combustion is produced from air by means of a membrane unit comprising a high-temperature membrane, and in which the flue gas is in part recirculated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a power generation system for high sulfur fuel combustion and a method of generating power from high sulfur fuel. The system includes a boiler for combusting a sulfur containing fuel to form a sulfur containing flue gas, a heat exchanger arranged and disposed to transfer heat from the sulfur containing flue gas to combustion air, a sorbent injector arranged and disposed to inject sorbent into the sulfur containing flue gas, and a second stage heat recovery mechanism arranged and disposed to transfer heat from the sulfur containing flue gas.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed combustor arrangement includes (a) a circulating fluidized bed reactor in which (i) a combustion chamber combusts a fuel material in a suspension of solid particles of a circulating fluidized bed, (ii) a first cyclone separator arrangement receives a mixture of gases and solid particles from the combustion chamber for separating a first fraction of the solid particles from the exhaust gases, and (iii) a solid particle return system connected to the first cyclone separator returns separated solid particles to the combustion chamber, (b) a heat transfer section including a water/steam heat exchanger section arranged after the first cyclone separator arrangement in the exhaust gas flow path, (c) a heat recovery device provided in connection with the combustion chamber, the first cyclone separator arrangement and the heat transfer section being arranged for recovering heat resulting from the combustion process in the combustion chamber, (d) a selective catalytic reduction system arrang

Abstract: A system for generating steam supplies of coal another material to one or more processing chambers. Each processing chamber includes a plasma arc torch that heats the material in the presence of water and a treatment gas at an extremely high temperature. A product gas stream is delivered from each processing chamber to a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). Each HRSG generates steam that is used to drive a steam turbine. The processing chambers and HRSGs are fluidly connected so that the product gas streams moves from a processing chamber, to a HRSG, to another processing chamber, and then to another HRSG, etc. Within any of the HRSGs, or after the final HRSG, water in the product gas may condense to liquid water that may be redirected to any of the processing chambers. In addition, CO2 from the final HRSG may be redirected into any of the processing chambers to facilitate further reactions in the chambers.

Abstract: A multi-step process is provided in which waste material is processed in two or more steps. Specifically, an earlier step of the process heats the waste material at a first temperature. This results in a release of vapors for materials having a boiling point that is lower than the first temperature. A subsequent step of the process heats some or all of the remaining waste material at a second temperature, which is preferably higher than the first temperature. The subsequent heating results in a release of additional vapors for those materials having a boiling point that is lower than the second temperature. A system configured to carry out the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for direct contact steam generation for a variety of industrial processes including heavy oil recovery, power generation and pulp and paper applications. The steam generation system consists of a combustor (10) and a steam generator (70) and is constructed to be operable at elevated pressures. The fuel, at least one oxidant and a fluid supply including water are supplied at pressure to the combustor. Flue gas from the combustor (10) is delivered to the direct contact steam generator (70) at pressure, and upon direct contact with water, produces a flue gas stream consisting primarily of steam. This product stream can then be cleansed and used for industrial applications. The combustor (10) can be operated with low grade fuel and low quality water with high solids and hydrocarbon contents. The apparatus and method reduce the environmental footprint by reducing air emission, concentrating CO2 to enable capture and reducing clean water requirements.

Abstract: An eco-friendly system for generating thermal energy from waste biomass comprises a furnace, a set of boiler tubes placed on the top of the furnace, a rectangular or tubular structure housing the boiler tube and the furnace, an outlet for the flue gases leading to a cyclone, said cyclone carrying a tubular body for leading away a part of flue gases and fitted with a butterfly control valve for regulating flow of effluent gases, a tubular body connecting the body to the suction blower, a water tank, a hopper for waste biomass, and a fuel injection blower for introducing fuel inside the furnace by means of pressurized air jet blown through the pipe.

Abstract: Radioactive waste treatment method, includes: (a) loading waste into plasma shaft furnace by conveying waste by hermetic conveyor from automated storage into plasma shaft furnace, wherein conveying is loading is controlled; (b) pyrolizing waste; (c) oxidizing coke; (d) withdrawing pyrogas and slug from furnace; (e) afterburning pyrogas in combustion chamber at an afterburning temperature of 1200-1350° C.; (f) supplying air into combustion chamber at two levels during afterburning step: (1) prechamber pyrogas air supply level, and (2) an upper part of combustion chamber air supply level; and (g) quenching an off-gas to 200-250° C. with subsequent mechanical cleaning and absorption cleaning and further cooling. A radioactive waste treatment plant is also disclosed.

Abstract: A combustion plant, comprising: a combustion chamber (1) for combustion of a mass of fuel; a postcombustion device (2) for thermodestruction of the incondensable gases generated by combustion in the chamber (1); a pipe (9) for conveying the combustion fumes from said chamber (1) to said postcombustor (2); a supply (21) of oxygen-enriched air to said chamber (1) and/or to said postcombustor (2); and a device (4) for abatement of the carbon dioxide contained in the combustion fumes that are to reach the postcombustor.

Abstract: A power generation plant (112), a method, and a CO2 capture system (122) for removing carbon dioxide (104) from a flue gas stream (106) are disclosed. As shown in FIG. 2, a CO2 capture system (122), comprises an absorber vessel (202), a water wash vessel (210), and a stripper (214). The CO2 capture system (122) can be configured to introduce both a lean ionic ammonia solution (204) from a regeneration system (124) and a flue gas stream (106) from a cooling system (120) and to provide a rich ionic ammonia solution (206) to a regeneration system (124), wherein the introduction of the lean ionic ammonia solution (204) to the flue gas stream (106) produces a flue gas substantially devoid CO2 (224). The water wash vessel (210) can be configured to receive the flue gas substantially devoid CO2 (224) and produce ammoniated water (212) by introducing water (218) to the flue gas substantially devoid CO2 (224).

Abstract: An in-situ forced oxidation wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus, method and arrangement for utilization with oxy-fuel combustion power plants. The apparatus is a tower-like structure having a flue gas scrubbing zone and a reaction zone located subjacent to the gas scrubbing zone. A sulfur oxide absorbing liquid slurry is supplied to the gas scrubbing zone to react with and scrub the sulfur oxides from the flue gas. The partially reacted liquid slurry reagent and the scrubbed products drain into the reaction zone, rising to a set level. Oxidation air is introduced into the liquid slurry in the reaction zone to force the in-situ oxidation of sulfur compounds collected in the reaction zone.

Abstract: A method for introducing flue gas in a steam-assisted production facility into a vapor-liquid contactor. In this method the flue gas comprises boiler combustion products selected from at least one of commercial pipeline natural gas and produced gas. The flue gas is cooled with the vapor-liquid contactor to condense a portion of the water vapor in the flue gas to produce a water stream. The water stream is then recirculated and cooled in an air cooler to produce recirculating water exiting the bottom of the vapor-liquid contactor. A water slipstream is then taken off the recirculating water to be used as make-up water.

Abstract: A plurality of optical monitoring systems 220,320 sense the concentration of at least one constituent in flue gasses of a furnace 1 and its emission control devices. The monitoring devices 220,320 includes at least one optical source 221 for providing beams 223 through a sampling zone 18 to create a combined signal indicating the amount of various constituents within the sampling zone 18. The combined signal may be fed forward to emission control devices to prepare them for oncoming emissions. The combined signals may also feed backward to adjust the emission control devices. They may also be provided to a control unit 230 to control stoicheometry of the burners of furnace 1. This results in a more efficient system that reduces the amount of emissions released.

Abstract: The invention uses an input signal directly from a fuel flow device to control the amount of ammonia injected into a flue gas stream for NOx reduction for boilers. The control system receives a signal directly from a fuel flow device that indicates the amount of fuel flow and corresponding NOx emissions. The signal is processed using an algorithm with a multi-loop controller and an ammonia mass flow control valve with temperature and pressure corrections to determine how much ammonia must be injected into the flue gas in the presence of a catalyst to achieve the desired NOx emissions reductions. A dilution air blower transports ammonia to an injection grid and subsequently, the ammonia reacts with the flue gas in the presence of a catalyst to reduce the amount of NOx emissions to the desired level.

Abstract: The present invention relates to limiting emissions of nitrogen oxides into the environment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas incinerator device comprising a combustion chamber having a heater body producing combustion gas, at least one fan feeding the heater body with cool air to ensure combustion, and an exhaust chimney for exhausting the mixture formed by the combustion gas and the cool air, the combustion chamber being mounted in the exhaust chimney in such a manner as to leave an annular duct between the combustion chamber and the exhaust chimney to pass a flow of combustion cool air and/or of cooling air coming from said at least one fan, said combustion chamber having a plurality of injection orifices and/or tubes enabling a fraction of the cool air flowing in the annular duct to be injected therein.

Abstract: A reagent drying system for use with a steam generation system [25] is described having a combustion chamber that produces exhaust flue gasses [FG2]. A preheater [150] receives the exhaust flue gasses [FG1] and transfers heat to create a heated input air stream [A2] and a diverted air stream [A2?]. The heated input air stream [A2] is provided to the combustion chamber. The diverted air stream [A2?] is provided to a dryer [196] as incremental air stream [IA]. Dryer [196] dries bulk reagents for dry milling into powder. The powder is then used to process the exhaust flue gasses to remove pollutants. The incremental air stream [IA] may also include leakage gasses [360] from preheater [150].

Abstract: A method and a plant for capturing CO2 from an exhaust gas from combustion of carbonaceous material are described. At least a part of the combustion gas is introduced into a biol fuel boiler as an oxygen containing gas, to increase the concentration of CO2 and decrease the oxygen concentration in the gas before introduction into an absorption column for separation of CO2.

Abstract: An in-furnace combustion application process method and apparatus reduces nitrogen oxides in flue gas by injecting a bitumen, carbon residue or an asphalt water emulsion or a mixture thereof into flue gas so that the three types of emulsions (injected individually or as a blend) mixes with said flue gas. The emulsions are preferably atomized before injection and may also be injected in jet streams.

Abstract: A combustion system having a furnace arranged and disposed to receive solid fuel and oxygen and combust the solid fuel and oxygen to form a flue gas. The system includes a heat exchanger arrangement arranged and disposed to receive heat from the flue gas, where the heat exchanger arrangement has a predetermined heat exchange capacity. A water injection arrangement is arranged and disposed to provide water to the flue gas to controllably adjust the flue gas mass flow rate and temperature to provide the predetermined heat exchange capacity.

Abstract: A method is provided for injecting a substance into a boiler of a waste incineration plant using a gaseous propellant, the substance being conducted, starting from at least one distributor, via lines which branch off from the distributor, in each case to a nozzle which is assigned to the respective line and by means of which the substance and the propellant are injected into the boiler. The substance quantity to be conducted to the respective nozzle is set in the distributor. The boiler is subdivided into multiple boiler sectors, in which the nozzles are arranged in a plurality of horizontal nozzle planes. To each boiler sector at least one separate distributor is assigned. The substance and the propellant are combined upstream of the branch-off with the respective line.

Abstract: A carbon-dioxide-capture-type steam power generation system 1 according to the present invention comprises a boiler 6 producing an exhaust gas 5 by combusting a fuel 2 and having a flue 8; an absorbing unit 40 being configured to absorb the carbon-dioxide contained in the exhaust gas 5 into an absorbing solution; and a regenerating unit 44 being configured to release the carbon dioxide gas from the absorbing solution absorbing the carbon dioxide and discharge the released carbon dioxide gas. Further, in this system, a reboiler 49 is provided for receiving a heating-medium as heat source, producing a steam 43 and supplying the produced steam 43 to the regenerating unit 44. Additionally, in the flue 8 of the boiler 6, a boiler-side heat exchanger 61 is provided for heating the heating-medium by the exhaust gas 5 passing therethrough.

Abstract: An assembly is provided for purifying toxic gases from production processes by thermal conversion in a reactor chamber and subsequent treatment of reaction products with a sorption agent in a washing device in order to bind water-soluble reaction products and to elute solid reaction products. The reactor chamber has an external wall and an internal wall, the internal wall tapering at its base in the form of a funnel at a predetermined angle. A unit for thermal treatment of toxic gases is located on the reactor chamber, sealing the top of the chamber. An inner face of the internal wall of the reactor chamber comprises a film of water flowing downwards in a uniform manner. The exterior of the internal wall is surrounded by a cloak of water. A waste gas outlet and a connection for a water circuit are located at the lower end of the tapering internal wall.

Abstract: This invention describes a new device for controlling the radial profile of the temperature of a confined gas stream that is designed to be used as a coolant in an exchanger that is located downstream from said device.

Abstract: Heat can be recovered from hot gas produced in a thermal reactor (1), by injecting water into the gas at one or more injection zones (4) in such an amount and in such a way that the gas temperature due to water evaporation is reduced to below 400° C., preferably below 300° C., possibly below 150-200° C., and the gas dew point becomes at least 60° C., preferably at least 70° C., possibly 80 or 85° C. The gas can then be led through a condensing heat exchanger unit (8), where at least some of the gas contents of water vapour are condensed, and the condensing heat can be utilized for heating of a stream of fluid, mainly water. Hereby, a method for production of hot water is obtained, which is cheap and simple and has low maintenance costs, and which moreover has a high efficiency degree and good environmental qualities The method can be used for a broad spectrum of fuels and conversion technologies.

Abstract: An installation for combustion (1) of carbon-containing solids includes an oxide reducing reactor (2), a first cyclone (5), a recuperator (6), an oxidation reactor (3), a second cyclone (4), wherein flows an oxide which is reduced then oxidized in each of the two reactors (2 and 3). In the installation, the fuel is ground before being introduced into the reduction reactor (3). The reduced size of the solid fuel particles enables more complete and faster combustion and enables almost 100% production of fly ashes which are separated from the circulating oxides.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a combustion device capable of suppressing poisoning and deterioration of a CO oxidation catalyst due to adhesion of S (sulfur) to the CO oxidation catalyst, which is provided in the combustion device such as a boiler for the purpose of reducing and removing the CO in the combustion gas. [Solving Means] Provided is a combustion device including at least one can body which has a gas flow passage R allowing passage of a combustion gas G1 generated at a burner 16 and which heats a heat medium through heat exchange with the combustion gas G1 passing through the gas flow passage R, in which, in the gas flow passage R, a CO oxidation catalyst C1 is arranged in a region corresponding to a temperature range at the time of passing of the combustion gas G1 where adhesion of S (sulfur) contained in the combustion gas G1 to the CO oxidation catalyst C1 is suppressed.

Abstract: A method for separation of CO2 from the combustion gas from a thermal power plant fired with fossil fuel, wherein the combustion gas from the thermal power plant is used as cooled, compressed and reheated by combustion of natural gas in a combustion chamber to form an exhaust gas, where the exhaust gas is cooled an brought in contact with an absorbent absorbing CO2 from the exhaust gas to form a low CO2 stream and an absorbent with absorbed CO2, and where the low CO2 stream is heated by means of heat exchanges against the hot exhaust gas leaving the combustion chamber before it is expanded in turbines, is described. A plant for performing the method and a combined plant is also described.

Abstract: In apparatus and method for waste treatment by pyrolysis, treated waste is flushed through a grid (18) to trap recyclable material in the pyrolysis chamber (24). Pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature of from 400-700° C. and off-gases are dissolved in a solution in scrubber (13) for disposal in a water course. Water is introduced into the chamber as superheated steam via pipes (5) so as both to flush away treated material and clean the chamber. Recyclable waste is separated from non-recyclable by treating non-recyclable waste by pyrolysis, and flushing treated non-recyclable waste away through liquid exhaust (8). Apparatus is made as a modular, free-standing unit and comprises plugs for connection to an electricity supply, to a water supply, and to a sewerage system (16) and has a chamber with a volume in the range 0.01-0.5 m3.

Abstract: Sorbent compositions for coal contain nitrogenous components that reduce the level of mercury and/or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon combustion. The sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; directly into the fireball during combustion; are added to the fuel before combustion and into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone, preferably where the flue gas temperature is at least 500° C. The sorbent compositions comprise a source of nitrate ions, a source of nitrite ions, or a combination of nitrate and nitrite sources. The sorbents are added as solids or as solutions in water. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions further comprise a source of halogen such as bromide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dust recycling and re-treating system and a method for the same, and in particular, to a dust recycling and re-treating system and a method for the same, which produces dusts generated from an incinerating and melting processing equipment for hazardous wastes, particularly, radioactive wastes, in a slurry form, and recycles and re-treats them within an existing melting furnace.

Abstract: A biomass fired boiler having a series of inverted U-shaped exhaust gas flues. Water from a collection tank is pumped and sprayed onto deflection plates in the towers. The exhaust gases progressively commingle with the droplets to extract heat energy and collect contaminants at the tank until all the smoke has been absorbed into the water. The heated water is re-directed through a thermal exchanger of the heat transfer system and heat energy is reclaimed. Floating and/or suspended contaminants are filtered and/or collected and appropriately removed and/or incinerated.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide emissions from a hydrocarbon combustor are discharged into a large aquatic body, which acts as a CO2 sink. The aquatic capture of the CO2 prevents that CO2 from entering the atmosphere. In addition, the captured CO2 participates in a photosynthesis process for growing a plant bloom which can be harvested, and converted into a fuel for reuse in the combustion unit. The combustion in fossil fueled power plants yields two products: the thermal energy for power, and waste CO2, which can be a raw material for growing an aquatic biomass. When the exhaust gases are discharged to the atmosphere, this raw material is lost, but by capturing this raw material in a highly efficient manner it can be converted to a usable form. An additional benefit of this efficient capture is that the adverse environmental effects of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere are avoided.

Abstract: A method for increasing the nitrogen oxide emissions by either removing or modifying fuel rich nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction processes thereby improving combustion efficiencies especially with low volatile low sulfur coals, and remove unburned carbon, reduce sulfur dioxide and reducing carbon dioxide emissions, while using post-primary combustion urea or ammonia injection with or without a reburn fuel NOx reducing process to restore NOx to regulated emission levels. Furthermore, adding lime or limestone to the urea or ammonia solution to further reduce SO2 and to increase the concentration of the carbon free fly ash to cementitious concentrations. Furthermore, by proper number and disposition of the injectors in the post combustion zone and by further water diluting the mixture, this NOx reduction process is effective at substantially higher gas temperatures than conventional Selective Non-Catalytic NOx Reduction and with no ammonia slip. This method significantly increases the profitability of power plants.

Abstract: A system (10) for removing water from a flue gas (12) includes a heat exchanger (16) for receiving a flow of heat exchanging fluid and the flue gas (12). An absorber (40) may have a gas inlet (41) for receiving the flue gas (12) from the heat exchanger (16), an inlet (45) for receiving a desiccant solution and a media (42) receiving the desiccant solution for providing surface area contact between the flue gas (12) and the desiccant solution A dual cooler (26) may include a first side (27) through which a heat exchanging fluid and the desiccant solution may be directed for cooling. Valving (72) may be provided for alternating a flow of the heat exchanging fluid and a flow of the desiccant solution through the first side (27) of the dual cooler (26).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the thermal treatment of process exhaust gases containing pollutants, which can be used for a very wide range of surface modification processes carried out under a vacuum. The intention is to achieve the object of thermally treating process exhaust gases containing pollutants in such a way that accumulations of particles on the inner wall of a combustion chamber and an undesirable adverse effect on the thermal conversion can be avoided with little outlay.

Abstract: Methods and equipment are provided for making polybichlorophenyl non-toxic. Methods include a first oxidation step, in which polybichlorophenyl is burned, and a second oxidation step, in which exhaust gas from the first oxidation step is oxidized by contact with metallic phthalocyanines or metallic phthalocyanine derivatives and with an oxygen supply compound. Equipment includes a first furnace for burning a polybichlorophenyl-containing oil with an auxiliary fuel and a second oxidation reaction unit. The second oxidation reaction unit connects to the first furnace under seal, and includes metallic phthalocyanine or metallic phthalocyanine derivative solution supply source and an oxygen supply compound supply source.

Abstract: A portable miniature incinerator is described allowing easy disposal of household garbage for a single-family house or a small apartment building. The housing of the incinerator is mounted on a wheeled hand-truck assembly and contains an incineration block and a filtration block. The incineration block in turn comprises a furnace chamber equipped with an electric heater. The heater is adapted to bring the temperature of the air and therefore the temperature of the garbage up to the point of spontaneous combustion. During the process of heating up the garbage, it becomes dry as the fans of the device remove all water evaporation. Once ignited, the garbage is incinerated in the furnace chamber while all exhaust gases are directed to the filtration unit. The filtration unit has a first stage of filtration comprising a wire mesh separator submerged in water. Exhaust gases pass through the mesh separator and through the water so that the pollutants and exhaust particles are separated from the exhaust gases.

Abstract: A system and associated method of processing solid waste via a waste gasification process results in usable by-products. The method utilizes a rotary kiln heated to a temperature of at least 800° F. and a reduction chamber, heated to a temperature of at least 1800° F. The solid waste is slowly rotated in the kiln for six to eight hours. The solid material is passed through screens to separate the ash from other items. Gases are monitored and transported to the reduction chamber to generate power. The gases are then transported to at least one air pollution control unit to remove contaminants before being vented into the atmosphere.

Abstract: An apparatus for the cleaning of flue gases containing ash and sulfur dioxide produced by burning sulfur-containing coal in the combustion chamber of a circulating fluidized-bed firing system includes a system for delivering a particulate SO2 sorbent into the combustion chamber. A feed system feeds a mixture of the ash, the SO2 sorbent/SO2 reaction product, and unreacted SO2 sorbent from the combustion chamber to a mixing unit. A liquid supply system supplies water or an aqueous sodium-containing solution to the mixing unit, whereby the unreacted SO2 sorbent is converted into a hydration product. A discharge system returns the ash, the reaction product, and the hydration product from the mixing unit into the combustion chamber, where the hydration product is reactivated into an SO2 sorbent at a combustion temperature of 700° to 950° C.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for reducing the slagging and fouling of the surfaces of the waterwalls, firebox, superheater, and reheater of the furnace of a coal-fired steam boiler. The process reduces the firebox exit temperature to below the specific ash melting temperature by injecting the following, either alone or in combination, into ports located in the upper section of the firebox: recirculated flue gas from downstream of the electrostatic precipitator, atomized water, or a sorbent water slurry. All of these materials have a lower temperature than the main flue gas or require additional heat for evaporation. Mixing these materials with the main flue gas from the furnace will not affect the coal combustion process, yet will reduce the temperature of any fly ash particles in the main flue gas to below the specific ash fusion temperature, and thus, prevent slagging and fouling within the furnace.

Abstract: An apparatus for the cleaning of flue gases containing ash and sulfur dioxide produced by burning sulfur-containing coal in the combustion chamber of a circulating fluidized-bed firing system includes a system for delivering a particulate SO2 sorbent into the combustion chamber. A feed system feeds a mixture of the ash, the SO2 sorbent/SO2 reaction product, and unreacted SO2 sorbent from the combustion chamber to a mixing unit. A liquid supply system supplies water or an aqueous sodium-containing solution to the mixing unit, whereby the unreacted SO2 sorbent is converted into a hydration product. A discharge system returns the ash, the reaction product, and the hydration product from the mixing unit into the combustion chamber, where the hydration product is reactivated into an SO2 sorbent at a combustion temperature of 700° to 950° C.

Abstract: Hazardous waste can be processed using novel, ruggedized and flexible methods and systems. Such novel methods and systems comprise a survivable processing vessel designed to withstand shock, vibration and stresses encountered when, for example, the system is moved from one hazardous waste site to another and a carbon conversion unit which essentially prevents the release of pollutants into the surrounding environment by substantially reducing the amount generated. In addition, such methods and systems provide the ability to switch a supply of gas to dual plasma arc torches from air to an inert gas or vice-versa in order to maintain a critical oxygen ratio under a certain threshold as different types of waste are destroyed. The lack of water at certain sites is overcome by recirculating water and by using a closed-loop cooling system. Similarly, the lack of certain fuels to run the system is overcome by utilizing a single fuel.

Abstract: Methods are presented to increase the throughput of a recovery boiler equipped with at least primary and secondary levels of injection of air. The methods comprise operating the recovery boiler with a third level of oxidant injection below or at the same level as the secondary level, and oxygen enrichment applied to at least the secondary level and said third level.

Abstract: A method for reducing acid gas emissions from a carbonaceous fuel burning power plant. An aqueous potassium hydroxide dry scrubber method is used to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, hydrogen chlorides and hydrogen fluoride from plant flue gases. For those plants utilizing an electrostatic precipitator to remove particulate matter from the flue gas, the performance of this component is also enhanced by the injection of potassium hydroxide upstream of the component. As an added advantage, the final product has beneficial commercial utility as a fertilizer product, rather than having to be disposed in a landfill.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for regenerating spent acid liquor includes a primary roasting furnace for evaporating a substantial portion of the liquid from the spent acid to produce acid vapors and partially roasted metal salts. The partially roasted metal salts are transferred to a secondary roasting chamber where the acids adhering to the surface of the metal salts is vaporized and the metal salts are oxidized. The acid vapors from the primary roasting furnace are then transferred to an absorption column to regenerate the acid. The primary roasting furnace is operated at a different temperature from the secondary roasting chamber and has different retention times for the metal salts. The secondary roasting chamber includes a raking device to mix and convey the metal salts during the secondary roasting step to produce a uniformly roasted metal oxide.

Abstract: A small-scale scrapped tire boiler system for heating a small-scale facility using heat generated by burning scrapped tires. The system includes a scrapped tire burner furnace, a heat exchanger for heating a cool heat transfer medium from the facility by the combustion gas from the furnace and supplying the heated medium to the facility, and an exhaust gas purifier for purifying sulfurous acid gas and carbon dust contained in exhaust gas. The purifier includes an exhaust gas tower having a vertical path to discharge the combustion gas, a water sprayer for spraying water from the upper side of the tower so that the sulfurous acid gas is made to melt to water and the carbon dust is made to adsorb to fall down, a neutralizer for precipitating sulfurous acid gas components into alkali salts in a sulfurous acid aqueous solution to thereby neutralize water, and a tank containing the solution and water.

Abstract: A process for treating a raw material containing aluminum or a similar metal melting at a low temperature and organic matter, including metal separation, particularly intended for the treatment of liquid container rejects consisting of aluminum foil, polymer material and possible fibre residues in order to recover the aluminum and to utilise the organic matter as a fuel. The raw material is introduced in a bubbling fluidised bed, where the organic matter is gasified at a temperature higher than the melting point of the metal present. The gas removed from the fluidised bed and the entrained metal are subsequently cooled to a temperature below the melting point of metal by admixing a cooling medium such as water in the gas flow. The solid metal particles are eventually separated from the gas e.g. with a cyclone and the gas flow is possibly filtered before combustion.