Abstract: Dust containing high-temperature gas exhausted from an electric steelmaking furnace is directed through scrap preheaters, wherein scrap that is to be charged into said electric furnace is preheated. The absorption of some of the heat from the exhaust leaving the electric furnace by the scrap, therefore, decreases the amount of electric power required for melting the steel scrap and also shortens the time required for steelmaking. Exhaust gas after preheating of the scrap is contaminated with incidental malodorous materials, e.g., paint and oil fumes, and is directed through a gas scrubber followed by a wet-type electric precipitator to remove these contaminants before release of cleaned exhaust gas into the atmosphere. A flow of alkaline aqueous solution of a deodorant solvent in the gas scrubber removes malodorous substances from the exhaust gas, simultaneously causing a drop in the gas temperature to a predetermined controlled value while generating a constant supply of saturated water vapor.

Abstract: A device 10 for both heating a fluid and for cleaning a waste gas comprises a container 14 into which waste gas is introduced through a waste gas inlet. The waste gas is moved through the container 14 by a fan 25. The blades 35 of fan 25 are also used to atomize a liquid directed thereto and to spray the liquid into the waste gas in the container 14. In addition, fan 25 facilitates the recirculation of at least a portion of the waste gas in the container 14 back through the fan 25 for repeated introduction of the waste gas into the container 14. A heat exchanger 11 is disposed in container 14 for transferring heat between the waste gas in the chamber and a liquid-to-be-heated. In a preferred embodiment, an insulated funnel 17 comprises an inlet for the waste gas.

Abstract: A rubbish treating apparatus in which the rubbish is gathered, separated, and crushed, after that the crushed rubbish is transferred to a magnetic conveyor, such that ferro-metallic rubbish and non ferro-metallic rubbish are separated. The non ferro-metallic rubbish is then transferred to a pressing device in which the rubbish is pressed, and finally the rubbish is further crumbled and burned in a burner. The gas produced while burning is purified, therefore such procedure can be used to solve the problem of pollution due to rubbish.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for incinerating combustible gases. The apparatus has first and second perpendicularly joined pipes and an igniter in the second pipe. Combustible gases laminarly flow into the second pipe and oxygen turbulently flows into the first. The gases turbulently mix, ignite and centrifugally swirl from the first pipe to the second pipe and then out the first pipe again. Fuel flow is regulated by flame, temperature and seismic detectors.

Abstract: A compact, gas-fired water heater in which a reservoir of bulk water is indirectly heated by a gas burner-fired immersion tube and directly heated by mutual contact between the hot flue gases from the immersion tube outlet and feed water droplets as they pass each other in contra-flow through the apertures in a plurality of plates and through a packed bed of graded solid particles or Rashig rings. The packed bed may also include suitable chemicals for modifying the quality of the stored water. One or more calorifiers may be located in the reservoir with limited direct heat conduction contact with the immersion tube.

Abstract: Dissolving salt encrustations which are deposited by exceeding the saturation limit from a gas saturated with water vapor on the heat exchanging surfaces of a heat exchanger, by passing the gas through a heat exchanger subdivided into several sections. The predominant part of the sections is subjected to a hot fluid heating the gas saturated with water vapor and the smaller part of the sections to a cold fluid for cooling the gas below the dew point. The salt crust is dissolved in the cooled sections by the separated condensation water and the salt solution is drained from the heat exchanger. After the salt crust is removed, the cooled sections are subjected to the hot fluid and parts of the heated sections to the cold fluid.

Abstract: A batch-type pyrolysis furnace fired by a main gas burner and an afterburner, is effectively safeguarded from explosions and runaway fires due to an undue build-up of flammable vapors within its main chamber, by the simple expedient of maintaining a fire under controlled temperature conditions in the main chamber. This is done by a dual-stage control system requiring three thermocouples, one (first) in the main chamber, a second in the exhaust stack downstream of the afterburner, and a third upstream of the afterburner in the vent passage ("throat") connecting the main chamber with the afterburner chamber. The first thermocouple in the main chamber senses the ambient, essentially instantaneous temperature at that location. The effectiveness of the control system, in large measure, derives from the unexpected difference in temperatures sensed by the first and third thermocouples.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for the pyrolytic destruction of toxic or hazardous waste materials using equipment that is compact and transportable. The waste materials are fed into a plasma arc burner where they are atomized and ionized, and then discharged into a reaction chamber to be cooled and recombine into product gas and particulate matter. The recombined products are quenched using a spray ring attached to the reaction vessel. An alkaline atomized spray produced by the spray ring neutralizes the recombined products and wets the particulate matter. The product gas is then extracted from the recombining products using a scrubber, and the product gas is then burned or used for fuel. Monitoring devices are used to check the recombined products and automatically shut down the apparatus if hazardous constituents are encountered therein.

Abstract: A furnace arrangement utilizes a single vertically disposed shaft furnace incorporating the features of pellet drying and hardening, oxidizing heat-up, reducing roast and gas separation. The upper portion of the furnace dries and hardens "green" pellets while at the same time subjecting them to an oxidizing atmosphere and temperature increase. A stack of the pellets slowly moves downwardly through a transistion zone to a reducing atmosphere in a lower portion of the furnace. A heated reducing gas circulates through this lower portion and out of the furnace through a recovery system of the furnace arrangement. After the sublimate carried by the reducing gas is removed, the reducing gas is supplemented and returned to the lower portion of the furnace to again produce a reducing atmosphere. A smaller branch of cooled reducing gas enters the lower portion of the furnace adjacent the bottom to cool the pellet residue immediately prior to removal from the furnace.

Abstract: An incinerator arrangement particularly for a multi-floor building includes a main housing located at the lowest level in the building, and a chute-flue which rises from the main housing to the roof of the building. Waste is burned in a main combustion chamber. Combustion gases are forced to follow a tortuous path through scrubbing chambers located directly above the combustion chamber. In the scrubbing chambers, the combustion gases are first subjected to the flame of after burners and then washed by a fine water spray to reduce ash fly content and particulate matter in the emissions that will be exhausted to the atmosphere. Dual scrubbing systems are included to provide continuous operation and ready maintenance of the system. Location of the scrubbing systems directly above the main combustion chamber avoids freezing and other problems encountered with systems whose scrubbers are located at the roof of the building.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for vitrifying highly radioace waste solutions. The arrangement has a glass melting furnace and a wet scrubber for scrubbing particles of dust out of the offgas from the glass melting furnace. The offgas is passed from the glass melting furnace into the wet scrubber through an offgas conduit. The solids in the offgas are deposited in the offgas conduit. In order to counteract the disadvantageous consequences of such deposits, the offgas conduit includes two conduit lengths. The glass melting furnace is connected to one end of a first one of the conduit lengths via a connecting conduit stub mounted on the melting furnace and the wet scrubber is connected to one end of the second conduit length via a connecting conduit stub on the scrubbers. The two conduit lengths extend upwardly and are inclined toward each other so that they interconnect at their respective other ends.

Abstract: A mobile garbage incinerator having an incinerator body unit. The incinerator body unit includes a hanging drum for lifting and dumping garbage into a collecting tank. Garbage is then moved into a main incinerating room for a first stage incineration process. The resulting ashes are collected and compressed. The resulting waste gases are passed into a sphere-shaped secondary incinerating room. The resulting quasi-purified air is passed into an air-circulating tank for separating dust particles. The resulting further purified air is passed through a water curtain and then passed into the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present portable incinerator is adapted for the disposal of small amounts of hazardous waste material with a minimum of exhaust combustion gas and includes a boiling chamber for receiving and heating the hazardous waste material to form waste gas thereof. The waste gas is directed through successive primary and secondary combustion chambers which are supplied with pure oxygen and the mixture of waste gas and oxygen is ignited for oxidizing the mixture, and for ionizing the gases to combine with the oxygen. A catalytic converter is positioned at the exit ends of each of the primary and secondary combustion chambers and the oxidized and ionized combustion gas passes through these catalytic converters to insure total oxidation thereof. A vertical wet scrubber chamber is communicatively connected with the exit end of the secondary combustion chamber and the combustion gas is directed to pass upwardly therethrough to prevent harmful combustion gases from escaping through the exhaust.

Abstract: An apparatus for the disposal of flue gas from gas or liquid-fuel boiler-burner groups. The apparatus comprises at least one processing tower in which hot flue gas from a boiler-burner group is scrubbed with water, a tank for collecting the scrubbing water and scrubbed gases from the processing tower, and a filtering system for the scrubbing water.

Abstract: A process for the purification of flue gas generated during the combustion of waste materials has a first embodiment wherein soluble heavy metals are precipitated and recovered in a compact form and wherein the soluble heavy metal-free extraction residue is returned to the combustion system where noxious organic substances are pyrolyzed. In another embodiment, substantially all of the heavy metals from the flue gas are collected in a single solid residue, which residue may be thermally treated to recover mercury and the treated residues subsequently returned to the combustion system wherein noxious organic substances are pyrolyzed or combined in a hazardous waste stabilizing substance.

Abstract: A compact incinerator for biomass has an upright combustion chamber coaxially surrounded by a passage through which the biomass is fed from a separator in which the primary air is separated from the biomass, to the combustion chamber. An afterburner chamber surrounds this shaft so that flue gases from the combustion chamber can pass through the shaft and be filtered by the biomass while heating the biomass before afterburning is effected in the afterburner chamber. The primary air from the separator is preheated in a preheater in indirect heating exchange by the flue gas in the same coaxial apparatus which also includes, coaxially with the combustion chamber, a flue gas/solids separator for removing solids from the flue gas before it enters the preheater.

Abstract: A waste disposal system for the combustion of waste materials, that may include toxic chemical waste, wherein the wastes are combusted in a combustion unit with combustion gases directly discharged into a refractory lined housing having a plurality of ceramic filters disposed in the gas outlet wall thereof. The combustion gases are maintained in the refractory lined housing for a period of time sufficient to effect combustion of the major portion of residual vaporous waste constituents therein and then passed through the ceramic filters to remove the remainder of said vaporous waste constituents and the residual solid waste constituents. The waste-free, hot combustion gases, after passage through the filters, are directed to a heat exchanger for recovery of heat values therefrom.

Abstract: Partially wet organic fibrous material is centrifugally impacted in a hot exhaust gas atmosphere such as flue gas to defiberize and dry the material. Then the material is separated from the hot exhaust gas by fluid energy. In one form of the invention, the separated material is burned in a prime combustion zone thereby producing hot flue gas which is fed back to the centrifugal impacting zone.

Abstract: A steam generator for burning a normally-solid fuel which produces non-combustible solid residues, including, an elongated combustion chamber, a fuel introduction means to introduce fuel adjacent the axis of the combustion chamber as a centrally-disposed stream moving in a downstream direction, a combustion-supporting gas introduction means for introducing the gas as an annular, rotating stream about the fuel stream and which, together with the fuel introduction means forms a rotating, toroidal vortex of the fuel and the combustion-supporting gas moving in a downstream direction. The combustion chamber has a volume sufficient to burn all of the fuel and, together with the fuel introduction means and the combustion-supporting gas introduction means, cause the vortex to collapse and form plug flow thereafter. Water introduction means introduces water into the flue gas at the downstream end of the combustion chamber as a plurality of peripherally-arranged jets.

Abstract: A combustion gas cleaning system includes a transferring portion, a treating portion, an impurity collecting portion, an exhaust portion and a liquid purifying portion. The transferring portion includes a substantially horizontal first duct member having one end communicating with a smokestack. A first sprayer is located around the inside periphery of the first duct member. The treating portion includes an elongated substantially vertical chamber, the top of which communicates with the first duct member. The chamber has a plurality of spaced fan members disposed within the chamber transversely along the length thereof. A second sprayer is disposed adjacent each fan member. The impurity collecting portion includes a second horizontal duct member extending from the lower end of the chamber. A liquid reservoir communicates therewith through a plurality of openings in the bottom of the second duct member. The liquid level in the second duct member reduces the cross-sectional area thereof.

Abstract: A high temperature reactor includes a reaction chamber which is symmetrical about a longitudinal axis. Surrounding the reaction chamber are annular spaces to which a gaseous reactant is supplied. A plurality of conduits conduct the gaseous reactant from the annular spaces to the reaction chamber and introduces the gaseous reactant into the latter in the form of a helicoidal flow. A plurality of cooling conduits are disposed between the annular spaces and the reaction chamber for conducting a cooling medium. The cooling medium can also be conducted so as to cool a rear end of the reactor. The reactor can be used in combination with a contacting chamber to supply hot gases thereto.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved method of controlling temperatures within a cleaning or reclamation furnace which is normally used to reclaim metal parts contaminated with combustible materials by pyrolyzing the combustible materials. A reclamation furnace usually includes a primary heat-input burner employed to heat the contaminated parts in the primary heating chamber, an afterburner chamber contained within the heating chamber having a secondary burner to burn volatile gases which are given off by the combustible materials as the parts are heated, and two separately-controlled automatic valve and spray nozzle assemblies connected to the primary heating chamber. Each nozzle assembly is connected to a pressurized water source to deliver a water-spray injection into the heating chamber.

Abstract: A furnace for burning sawdust wherein combustion of the fuel is complete and recovery of heat of combustion is high, which incorporates an aspirator for controlling combustion of the fuel and for secondarily recovering heat from the products of combustion, and additionally for cleaning the exhaust gases. The invention incorporates primary and secondary heat exchange chambers.

Abstract: A two-stage process for staged combustion of crushed retorted particles, especially sulfur and nitrogen-bearing shale, provides maximum heat from combustible materials in shale while emissions of carbon monoxide and oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are minimized. In the first stage, combustion is maintained under fluidizing conditions with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen. Off-gases from the first stage are burned in a second-stage combustion zone utilizing an oxygen-containing gas stream controlled to limit emission of carbon monoxide in the flue gas. To minimize production of sulfur oxides, combustion temperature is concurrently maintained below a peak value of 1700.degree. F. by introducing inert gas or recycled decarbonized fines to the first-stage combustion zone to reduce temperature therein.

Abstract: A compact gas-fired water heater in which a reservoir of bulk water is bath heated, indirectly by a gas burner-fired immersion tube and directly heated by mutual contact between the hot flue gases from the immersion tube outlet and feed water droplets as they pass each other in a contra-flow through apertures in a plurality of plates.

Abstract: Burning a waste fuel blend at very high temperatures (typically greater than 4000 deg. F.) for a very short period of time (typically a matter of milliseconds) in a primary combustion zone to break the complex hazardous/toxic hydrocarbons into less complex chemicals (such as CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2, OH, HCl, and Cl.sub.2), passing the products of the primary zone into a secondary zone in which the products are maintained for a longer time (typically about 2 secs.) in turbulent conditions with excess air at lower combustion temperatures (typically 2000 to 2600 deg. F.) to reduce the primary zone products to a mixture of H.sub.2 O, CO.sub.2 and acids such as HCl, and quenching the products of the secondary zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in direct contact water heaters and in methods of effecting heat exchange between hot gas and cold water. In a typical direct contact water heater cold water is sprayed downwards within a main chamber where it meets hot gas passing upwardly in a counter-current fashion. A direct contact water heater according to this invention includes an antechamber through which the hot gas is passed before entering the main chamber. The hot gas passing upwardly in a counter current fashion to hot water which is at a temperature higher than the dew point of the gas raises the dew point of the hot gas before it enters the main chamber so that the cold water entering the main chamber is heated in an efficient manner to higher temperatures than could previously be effected.

Abstract: A method for generating steam by a high pressure, high intensity, or high heat release method of combustion in an elongated combustion zone having upstream and downstream ends and an intermediate location and utilizing a normally-solid fuel which produces non-combustible solid residues in which the fuel is introduced axially and a volume of air, at least equal to the stoichiometric amount, is introduced as an annular, rotating stream to produce a rotating vortex of fuel and air, such introduction and flow through the combustion zone being carried out in a manner to collapse the vortex and create plug flow at the intermediate location, burning the fuel and air to produce flue gas at a heat release rate of at least 7 MM Btu/hr, abruptly terminating combustion by the introduction of water, vaporizing the water to produce a mixture of flue gas and steam, and separating solid residues therefrom.

Abstract: In the process for cleaning of flue gases of a power plant boiler, the flue gases are dust filtered at first and then wet desulfurized. By the wet desulfurization the flue gases are cooled down and have to be reheated before they are fed to the stack of the power plant. In known processes the flue gases to be reheated are reheated by a flame burning oil or gas. This reheating is expensive and leads to the handling and storage of a further fuel in the power plant. In order to avoid this disadvantages, according to the invention the flue gases are reheated by means of reheating energy of at least one reheating flame burning coal dust. Coal dust is a fuel which is available in a power plant, the power burners of which coal dust.

Abstract: Fluid waste material is completely atomized and decomposed in a burner wherein the material to be decomposed and an oxidizing agent are maintained at a suitable relative ratio at every point in the burner so that waste transforms into a stable combustion product. Catalysts or other subsidiary materials are not required. The oxidizing agent may be air, air enriched with oxygen, or oxygen, and plasma is produced from the air or from the waste material itself. Water may be introduced into the plasma to promote the formation of hydrogen halogenides if the waste material itself contains halogens. The atomized gases may be deacidified and washed.

Abstract: A waste material incineration system (10) and method of combusting waste material is provided wherein system (10) includes a longitudinally directed furnace (14) having a first combustion zone (42) and a second combustion zone (44). Waste material or other fuel is inserted into furnace (14) through a furnace inlet (26) and passes by gravity assist into a vortexing pattern dependent upon the geometrical contouring of the internal walls of furnace (14) in combination with preheating air conduits (86, 88 and 90). Subsequent to vortexing in the first combustion zone (42), the substantially fully combusted gases are transported through second combustion zone (44) for insert into a heat exchanger unit (12) and then passes to a scrubber unit (34) where the exhausted gases are further cleansed to expulsion of the cleansed exhaust gases through an exhaust stack (16) to the ambient atmosphere.

Abstract: Energy and water are recovered from flue gases by cooling them to a temperature sufficiently below the acid dew point temperature by contact with an aqueous stream so as to recover the sensible heat and to reduce the water content of the flue gases by about 50%. The water by which the aqueous stream is enriched is subsequently flashed off to cool the stream back to its original temperature and the water vapor is then compressed to generate a higher temperature vapor stream which is condensed to recover the water and extract heat. The aqueous stream is continuously enriched with material such as calcium carbonate to control the pH sufficiently as to avoid substantial corrosion due to acidic gases removed from the flue gases and the aqueous stream is purged continuously or periodically to remove compounds such as chlorides, calcium sulphates, and fly ash solids picked up from the flue gases.

Abstract: A once-through steam generator has both radiant and convection sections. The flue gases discharged from the convection section are passed through a wet scrubber to remove both sulfur oxides (SO.sub.x) and particulate matter. The feedwater to the convection section has its temperature controlled by the temperature of the flue gases discharged from the convection section, reducing the temperature of the feedwater by the use of a feedwater exchanger, as the convection section progressively fouls due to particulates in the flue gases. An additional heat exchanger upstream of the feedwater exchanger and convection section which scavenges additional heat from the wet scrubber liquids while the temperature of the flue gases into the scrubber are lowered to a temperature equal to or less than the water dew point temperature of the flue gases entering the scrubber.

Abstract: Exhaust gas treatment method and apparatus extract heat from an exhaust gas by operating in a water-condensing mode which allows more heat to be recovered, removes particulate matter and condensed acid from the exhaust gas, and washes heat exchange surfaces to keep them clean and wet to improve heat transfer. Systems for heating water, air, and both water and air are disclosed. Methods of constructing and assembling improved heat exchangers are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rendering PCB virulence-free is provided. The PCB to be treated is pre-heated with exhaust heat before it is introduced into a combustion furnace to facilitate the reaching of its boiling point, and the pre-heated PCB is caused to ascend through a layer of mineral particles disposed in the furnace, the mineral particles being of a porous multi-element mineral, the furnace interior and particularly the mineral particle layer being pre-heated to a temperature above 1,100.degree. C. from a different heat source. During consecutive reaction processes of gasification, dissociation and combustion of PCB brought about as PCB ascends through the mineral particle layer, the thermal dissociation into benzene ring and chlorine and further combustion of benzene ring are promoted by the catalytic actions of adsorption to mineral particle's large porous surface, catalytic cracking of multi-element oxides present in arranged fashion on the pore surface of mineral particles and surface combustion.

Abstract: An improvement in a condensing furnace where gaseous products of combustion are ducted through fin tube condensers that act to heat incoming air. The improvement involves spraying water into the products of combustion upstream of the fin tube condenser, so that the sprayed water droplets mix intimately with the products of combustion and are thus vaporized. In this manner, the combined water vapor and gaseous combustion products can condense in the fin tube condenser to create a liquid condensate of which the pH is closer to neutral than would have been the case in the absence of the sprayed water.

Abstract: The products of a molten salt combustion of hazardous wastes are converted into a cooled gas, which can be filtered to remove hazardous particulate material, and a dry flowable mixture of salts, which can be recycled for use in the molten salt combustion, by means of gas/liquid contact between the gaseous products of combustion of the hazardous waste and a solution produced by quenching the spent melt from such molten salt combustion.The process results in maximizing the proportion of useful materials recovered from the molten salt combustion and minimizing the volume of material which must be discarded. In a preferred embodiment a spray dryer treatment is used to achieve the desired gas/liquid contact.

Abstract: A method of treating reaction products which result from the combustion of fuels containing contaminants such as sulfur, chlorine, and fluorine compounds, and ash. Additives are reacted in the combustion chamber with gaseous contaminants of the reaction products of the combustion. Subsequently, the remaining reactive additives, the reactive ash constituents, and possibly supplementary additives are reacted externally of the combustion chamber with the still uncombined gaseous contaminants of the reaction products.

Abstract: Burning a waste fuel blend at very high temperatures (typically greater than 4000 deg. F.) for a very short period of time (typically a matter of milliseconds) in a primary combustion zone to break the complex hazardous/toxic hydrocarbons into less complex chemicals (such as CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2, OH, HCl, and Cl.sub.2), passing the products of the primary zone into a secondary zone in which the products are maintained for a longer time (typically about 2 secs.) in turbulent conditions with excess air at lower combustion temperatures (typically 2000 to 2600 deg. F.) to reduce the primary zone products to a mixture of H.sub.2 O, CO.sub.2 and acids such as HCl, and quenching the products of the secondary zone.

Abstract: Moisturized hot air having a high temperature and a high humidity is produced by mixing high-temperature combustion gas with low-temperature steam.A low-temperature steam chamber generates low-temperature steam under low pressure and low temperature. A combustion chamber furnishes heat for steam generation to the low-temperature steam chamber. A flue connects the combustion chamber to the low-temperature steam chamber.

Abstract: A method of treating reaction products which result from the flame combustion of fuels containing contaminants such as sulfur, chlorine, and fluorine compounds, and ash. Additives are added to the combustion chamber by means of a gaseous and/or liquid carrier flow accompanied by the formation of a veil which surrounds the burner flame. Subsequently, the remaining reactive additives, the reactive ash constituents, and possibly supplementary additives are reacted externally of the combustion chamber with the still uncombined gaseous contaminants of the reaction products.

Abstract: A heat regenerator indirectly utilizes the hot gases exhausted by a furnace or engine to heat the air supply to it, through the use of heat transfer fluids which function as an efficient heat transfer medium to implementation of the counterflow and direct contact heat transfer principles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the efficiency of a heat generator in which combustible fuels such as fossil fuels, refuse, or other materials are burned is described. Flue gas generated in the heat generator and combustion air are passed in heat exchange relationship in a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is selected so that it removes a substantial amount of heat from the flue gas, whose temperature is consequently lowered to a level where a corrosive pollutant such as SO.sub.3 in the form of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 is likely to condense out. A pollutant removing liquid is applied onto the portion of the heat exchanger where the flue gas passes through both to scrub the flue gas and protect that portion of the heat exchanger from corrosive effects from condensed pollutants.

Abstract: A waste material incineration system (10) and method of combusting waste material is provided wherein system (10) includes a longitudinally directed furnace (14) having a first combustion zone (42) and a second combustion zone (44). Waste material or other fuel is inserted into furnace (14) through a furnace inlet (26) and passes by gravity assist into a vortexing pattern dependent upon the geometrical contouring of the internal walls of furnace (14) in combination with preheating air conduits (86, 88 and 90). Subsequent to vortexing in the first combusion zone (42), the substantially fully combusted gases are transported through second combustion zone (44) for insert into a heat exchanger unit (12) and then passes to a scrubber unit (34) where the exhausted gases are further cleansed to expulsion of the cleansed exhaust gases through an exhaust stack (16) to the ambient atmosphere.

Abstract: Material is comletely atomized, and converted into a plasma state by directing the feeding of the burner so that the material to be decomposed and an oxidizing agent (oxygen, air, etc.,) are in a suitable ratio at every point of the equipment so that the waste transforms in stable combustion products. There is no need for a catalyst or for any other subsidiary materials. The recovery of certain end products as chemical basic materials is also effected. The oxidizing agent may be air, air enriched with oxygen or oxygen. Plasma can be produced from air, or from the waste, itself. With waste materials containing halogens, it is advisable to introduce water into the plasma to promote the formation of hydrogen halogenids. A MHD generators or conventional heat exchangers may be used and the final gases are to be desacidified before letting them outdoors by treatng them with a weak alkaline washing solution.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for incinerating waste and reclaiming resources, particularly ferrous metals, galss, and aluminum, in separate output streams. The incinerator itself can use combustion draft air as a medium for separating lighter and heavier fractions of the burned material in the incinerator. The combustion zone of the incinerator is defined by a foraminated cylindrical wall which is rotated to distribute the incinerating materials and separate burned waste from the combustion zone.The incinerator can be cooled by a eutectic liquid metal coolant. The use of this coolant allows the heat exhange surfaces of the incinerator to be quite thin for greater economy, as such fluids, particularly a eutectic mixture of sodium and potassium, do not vaporize at atmospheric pressure over a wide working temperature also disclosed, as is improved means for separating aluminum rich and glass rich fractions from the heavier fraction of burned waste separated in the incinerator.

Abstract: A system and method for removing flue gasses like smoke from the atmosphere including mixing the smoke with water and then reducing the contaminants like bacteria from the water where the water is used in conjunction with chemical additives for removing entrained solids from the smoke.

Abstract: The specification describes a method and arrangements for operating fluidized bed combustors in particular boilers. In the described method and arrangements thermal energy carried away from the combustor by the flue-gas emitted therefrom is recuperated by passing the flue-gas through a scrubber in which it is scrubbed with water. The scrubbing water subsequently being used to pre-heat fluidizing gas fed to the fluidized bed in the combustor and/or working fluid fed to the boiler. Additional description is given of using a heat exchanger through which both flue-gases from the combustor and the working fluid fed to the combustor are fed such that the heat carried away from the combustor in the flue-gases is given directly to the working fluid fed to the combustor. In the described method and arrangements the fluidizing gas may be charged with water vapor and/or steam easing control of the bed.

Abstract: In the process for cleaning of flue gases of a power plant boiler, the flue gases are dust filtered at first and then wet desulfurized. By the wet desulfurization the flue gases are cooled down and have to be reheated before they are fed to the stack of the power plant. In known processes the flue gases to be reheated are reheated by a flame burning oil or gas. This reheating is expensive and leads to the handling and storage of a further fuel in the power plant. In order to avoid this disadvantages, according to the invention the flue gases are reheated by means of reheating energy of at least one reheating flame burning coal dust. Coal dust is a fuel which is available in a power plant, the power burners of which burn coal dust.

Abstract: Sludge is dried in a dryer and burned in a furnace, the dryer being heated by heat from the furnace using a heat exchanger so that contaminants from furnace hot gas do not pass into the dryer. Gas given off from the dryer is in part mixed with fresh air and circulated back to the dryer, and is in part delivered to the furnace for combustion, being first cooled to reduce its moisture content. Gas from the furnace is also treated to remove solids, and is cooled. Water used as coolant is heated by the gases and used for anaerobic digestion of sludge, producing gas for combustion in the furnace. Dry sludge from the dryer is broken up and mixed with wet sludge entering the dryer to obtain desired sludge grain sizes.