Abstract: A process and apparatus for generating steam from wet fuel, wherein water is evaporated from the wet fuel by bringing the fuel into direct contact with superheated steam. The steam is superheated by bringing it into contact with a hot heat carrier. The heat carrier is heated by bringing it into direct contact with flue gas produced by burning the dried fuel and the heat carrier is used to superheat the steam.

Abstract: An incinerator having a funnel shaped burning chamber within a firebox with the chamber being formed of water pipes connected to a water circulation system including a steam chest. The chamber is rotated about its axis which is inclined so that the lower conical portion of the chamber is horizontal. Material for burning is driven up the cylindrical portion of the chamber, and combustion air is forced through a nozzle into the open conical portion of the chamber.

Abstract: A mobile hazardous waste treatment facility (10) is provided for transfer to a remote treatment site where it can be rapidly assembled and disassembled. A primary combustion chamber (20) is placed on a trailer and support section (74). A secondary combustion chamber (24) and a scrubber section (37) are also placed on trailers (119, 127 and 196). Each trailer (74, 119, 127 and 196) is provided with three sets of hydraulic jacks for leveling and lowering the appropriate piece of equipment to jack stands on a concrete slab.

Abstract: An improved method for automatically controlling rate of combustion in a rotary combustor having a rotating combustion barrel (11) by precisely controlling a supply of combustion gas to three separate combustion zones (A, B and C) of the combustion barrel (11) in the rotary combustor used for the incineration of municipal solid waste material (15), the combustion zones (A, B and C) have an associated windbox (34, 37 and 40) disposed directly beneath a respective combustion zone, the windboxes (34, 37 and 40) are further divided into an overfire air zone (36, 39 and 42) and an underfire air zone (35, 38 and 41) forming six air zones which are adjusted by a controller (51) to precisely regulate the supply of combustion gas to each of the six air zones (35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42).

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for incorporating an incandescent filter for products of combustion in the combustion chamber of a furnace including a grate and an exit slot for products of combustion located above the level of the grate. Incandescent coals from the fuel being burned obstruct the exit slot, and products of combustion must pass through the incandescent coals. In one aspect, water tubes line the walls of the combustion chamber, primary combustion air is admitted between the tubes, and the admission of secondary air is controlled to maintain an incandescent bed of coals through which products of combustion must be drawn to exit the furnace. In another aspect, a reciprocating grate is provided, and primary combustion air penetrates the bed of fuel from below. Products of combustion pass back through a portion of the burning fuel maintained at incandescence by the admission of secondary air upwardly through the reciprocating grate.

Abstract: The system comprises a pyrolysis chamber having a tire carcass inlet port and communicating with at least a duct for supplying combustion air, the pyrolysis chamber further communicating with s steam generator and having a stationary bottom of frustum of cone shaped coaxially communicating with the combustion air duct, rotating arm members being moreover provided, associated with the stationary bottom, adapted to cause waste unburnt material to be discharged from an outlet port formed through the stationary bottom.

Abstract: A rotary combustor which includes a plurality of water cooled tubes secured together directly to each other to form a cylindrical barrel defining a combustion chamber therein. Every other length of tube is bent outwardly at spaced locations along its length to form a plurality of openings in the barrel to allow combustion air into the combustion chamber. Means including a smaller ring header and a larger ring header are provided at each end of the barrel to interconnect the tubes to permit the circulation of water therethrough.

Abstract: A waste disposal system for the combustion of waste materials which includes a combustor having an inlet end and an outlet end with a furnace enclosing the outlet end. A step extends out from the back wall of the furnace which is spaced from and below the combustor outlet end. The step is hollow on the inside to form a plenum chamber to receive air and has an upper surface which defines a plurality of openings into the furnace whereby air injected through the openings deflects airborne ash and combustible solids from the outlet end of the combustor up into the furnace.

Abstract: A down-draft, gravity fed, bio-mass, solid fuel burning stove or furnace comprises an upright cylindrical housing having a top cover and a fire resistant openable air-tight floor. Fuel drops onto the center of the floor through a central feed tube where it burns in the form of a truncated conical pile. A second tube surrounds the feed tube, defining with it an annular air intake passage for discharging an annular current of air downwardly on the burning fuel. A heat exchanger surrounds the housing and its inner wall defines with the housing a smoke passage for upward escape of the hot gases of combustion. Heat from the smoke passage heats the contents of the heat exchanger. A baffle in the smoke passage enhances heat transfer. The central tube and cover are removable as a unit.

Abstract: A solid fuel combustion chamber combusts the fuel utilizing underfire and overfire air. Both the underfire and overfire air derive from a common intake port, with a controllable vane determining the ratio between the two air sources. Gas flow from the solid fuel combustion chamber enters a gas combustion chamber designed to produce turbulence and thereby promote further combustion. The gas flow is then accelerated in a gas flow chamber and directed to the circulating fluid carrying tubes of a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a condensation chamber which extracts sufficient heat from the gas flow to produce a condensate. An injection system superheats the condensate and injects it into the solid fuel combustion chamber to thereby reduce residue accumulation.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for burning combustibles, particularly garbage and coal, in such a manner as to prevent the venting of unwanted pollutants into the atmosphere and for recovering valuable resources. The combustibles are burned in a rotating inclined furnace; solids and molten metals are extracted at the discharge end of the furnace; the discharged gases are passed through a boiler for extracting heat therefrom and generating steam; the discharged gases are liquified by sequential cooling and the so-liquified products removed while preventing discharge of gases into the atmosphere; the remaining gases are passed through a second boiler for further extraction of heat and steam generation and further extraction of liquified products; and the effluent gases are passed into subsequent apparatus for removing any remaining pollutants and for the recovering of resources in accordance with Nielson U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,341.

Abstract: In a steam generating boiler having a bottom wall supporting a char bed and sidewalls with ports through which air is admitted for combustion of combustible species in the char bed and emanating therefrom, combustion is improved by introducing an oxygen-containing gas into a lower central zone of the boiler, from at least one point remote from the sidewalls to thereby cause intimate mixing of the oxygen contained in the gas with the combustible species.

Abstract: A thermally turbulent combustion system for combusting solid fuel which includes a generally cylindrical, longitudinally extending stationary combustion chamber formed by a plurality of interconnected circumferential cooling pipes and fuel transport means provided adjacent the bottom of the chamber along the length thereof. A water cooled door may be provided at the inlet end of the chamber. The width of the chamber is greater than the width of the fuel path. A plurality of headers are connected to the pipes to supply and discharge cooling fluid thereto and therefrom. In one embodiment, the combustion chamber has a symmetrical cross-sectional configuration and the transport means is positioned centrally along the length of the bottom thereof. In another embodiment of the system, the chamber has an asymmetrical cross-sectional configuration and the transport means is positioned adjacent one side along the length of the bottom of the chamber.

Abstract: An incinerator plant for waste materials having a large throughput capacity and/or partial-load operation comprises a combination of two rotary tube furnaces feeding into a common secondary combustion chamber provided with burners that can be selectively added in and turned off, and which in turn feeds gaseous products of combustion into a waste heat boiler having two boiler flues which are connected to a common steam drum. The plant requires only one monitoring system and, when provided with a rotary tube furnace and a furnace grate, can be used for the incineration of special refuse and household refuse simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gasification burner for heating apparatus (boiler, hot air generator or the like) which uses solid fuel. The gasification burner is placed generally at the center of the hearth of the heating apparatus to achieve gasification of the solid fuel before its transformation into charcoal or coals.

Abstract: This apparatus relates to stoves, to devices for heating that use sawdust, ground corn cobs and other suitable materials gravity fed through a conical truncated feeder-hopper into a firebox. The heat generated raises the temperature of a tubular cylindrical structure that contains or encloses the firebox and directs gaseous by-products along its longitudinal axis to an upturned, upwardly disposed second terminal end that effects a ninety degree elbow turn, becoming a flue extension. A variety of secondary devices may be affixed to the basic heat generator or stove to provide for a variety of applications.

Abstract: A combustion controller controls the supply of combustion gas to the combustion barrel of a rotary combustor used for incinerating solid waste material. The rotary combustor includes a combustion barrel having a gas-porous side wall and windboxes underneath the combustion barrel to supply the combustion gas to support incineration of the waste material into combustion products which include exhaust gases. The windboxes receive combustion gas via individual control ducts which are controlled by the combustion controller to regulate the corresponding supplies of combustion gas and thereby to provide substantially complete incineration of the solid material. An oxygen sensor detects the percentage of oxygen present in the exhaust gases and the combustion gas supplied to the combustion barrel is controlled to maintain the percentage of oxygen near a predetermined level.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a boiler comprising a firebox, a control device controlling the flow of air into the firebox, a water jacket surrounding at least part of the firebox, a sensor to sense the temperature of the water in or being discharged from the water jacket, the sensor being adapted to control directly or indirectly the control device. The sensor can be a temperature sensitive valve associated with the water jacket to control the position of the control device to thereby govern the flow of air to the firebox. The invention further provides a method of providing space heating and hot water from a boiler unit comprising the operation of a boiler unit.

Abstract: A pyrolysis reactor is coupled with an incinerator plant in the pyrolysis apparatus of our invention. In one variant the pyrolysis gas arrives directly in the furnace of the incinerator plant. In another variant the pyrolysis gas is burned in an additional separate combustion chamber and the flue gas arising from its combustion is fed into the flue gas duct of the incinerator. Because of that the units required in an economically self sufficient pyrolysis plant for purifying and using the pyrolysis gas and for the exhaust gas cleaning are made more economical. A process for consuming waste according to our invention is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of drying a particulate material which is thereafter to be heat-treated, the material and a gaseous drying medium being brought in contact with each other in a drying apparatus, where water is made to pass from the material to the drying medium by heating. According to the invention a pressure above atmospheric is maintained in the drying apparatus and the drying medium in the drying apparatus is substantially steam. Heating is carried out by means of excess heat generated in the heat treatment.

Abstract: A coincineration process whereby sewage sludge or other toxic liquid chemical waste is incinerated with a supplemental fuel such as municipal refuse, coal, sawdust, tire chips and the like involves introducing the sewage sludge into the incineration zone by means of a pressure spray nozzle or a spinning cone or disc atomizer. In the form of ultrafine solids, liquid or gas, a supplemental fuel may be introduced with the sewage sludge. Supplemental fuel may also be introduced into the incinerator by conventional means. Addition of tire chips in the feed provides in a higher incineration zone temperature and significantly reduces dioxin compounds present in the incineration zone off gas. Also, to reduce the scaling and fouling of the boiler tubes and incinerator, to increase the density and pumpability of the sewage sludge, and to eliminate metal salt deposits from the incinerator, the boiler feedwater and the sewage sludge are each contacted with an electromagnetic field device prior to heating.

Abstract: A system for and method of producing a beneficiated fuel from a raw low ranked moisture ladened fuel. A combustion turbine is operated to provide a flow of exhaust gas out of an exhaust outlet at a temperature above ambient. The flow of exhaust gas is then directed across the raw low ranked moisture ladened fuel such that a portion of the moisture carried by the raw fuel is removed to produce the beneficiated fuel.

Abstract: A combustion barrel used in a rotary combustor is constructed of cooling pipes joined by perforated webs to form a generally cylindrical side wall. Water-cooled baffle pipes are attached to the interior of the generally cylindrical side wall at widely spaced intervals. The baffle pipes and cooling pipes are coupled at an exit end of the combustion barrel to a ring header which in turn is coupled to heat exchanging equipment. The ring header supplies low-energy coolant from the heat exchanger to the cooling and baffle pipes and discharges high-energy coolant from the cooling and baffle pipes to the heat exchanging equipment. At an input end of the combustion barrel, the cooling and baffle pipes are coupled to U-tubes or a return header for returning the coolant to the ring header. Solid material is supplied at the input end of the combustion barrel for incineration. The combustion barrel is slowly rotated as the solid material is transported to the exit end of the barrel.

Abstract: A rotary combustor formed of water cooled tubes in an inclined cylindrical array with the lower portion being conical so as to reduce the incline at the lower end. The combustor extends into the cooperating furnace, and is formed with openings between the tubes that increase in size toward the lower end.

Abstract: Heating boiler intended to be used for burning straw, paper and similar fuel material in the form of compressed bales. The boiler is capable of supplying the material to be burned as a function of the heat requirements. It is necessary to provide optimum combustion conditions to maintain exhaust gas emission values within prescribed limits. The boiler is therefore provided inside its combustion compartment with a channel (2) wherein the compressed bales are dried and the slow distillation gas is removed to a large extent from the fuel. The bale supply channel (2) opens into a combustion chamber (4) enclosing the combustion compartment and preventing the flames from touching the water jacket (15) of the boiler.

Abstract: A system wherein the contaminated cuttings are fed into the system for eventual incineration. The principal apparatus of the system comprises a plurality, preferrably three, of horizontally disposed cylindrical drying chambers mounted onto a skid for receiving contaminated cuttings into each separate chamber. There is provided on the first end of the chambers a receiving bin or hopper, wherein the cuttings are received from the shakers or the like into the bin, and dropped into an opening in the first end of the three chambers. Each chamber is provided with a seperate variable motor controlled auger disposed substantially throughout the length of the chamber wherein rotation of the auger would move the cuttings along the length of the interior of the chamber. The second end of each chamber is provided with a lower exit chute for removal of the cuttings from the chamber as the auger has moved into position.

Abstract: A system for utilizing a fuel having a high ash content, water content in excess of 50% and large particles of combustibles is shown which includes a holding tank for the fuel. Fuel is circulated in the holding tank to maintain the consistency of the fuel and a metered portion is removed, strained and fed to a combustion device. The combustion device is a fire tube boiler for generating steam and includes a furnace tube insulated with refractory material extending for its entire length. The system mixes a preselected amount of atomized fuel with combustion air and natural gas. Special ash and particulate accumulation means are provided in the boiler. The boiler also has a water spraying system in its combustion chamber to reduce combustion temperature and increases water content of the combustion mixture based on the temperature of the combustion gases at the end of the furnace tube. Finally, when the boiler is shut off, the entire system, including a bypass system, may be purged by air or water.

Abstract: A method and a system for providing thermal power to an electrical power plant wherein substantially whole trees are supplied as fuel without being processed into small woodchips or chunks. The substantially whole trees stored in the drying building to lower their moisture content, and thereafter are transported to a charge pit located adjacent to a combustion chamber. The substantially whole trees are fed into the combustion chamber by a ram feeder and burned therein. The heat created by the combustion is absorbed by a boiler section and in the form of steam it is supplied to a conventional electrical power generator.

Abstract: A boiler has a cylindrical body separated into two chambers by a transverse inner water chamber. A fuel magazine leads to one of the chambers, while a cyclone with a flue leads from the second chamber, the two chambers being connected by a sinuous combustion gas passage. A horizontal wall extends across the top of the cyclone and the combustion gas enters the second chamber adjacent the wall to descend into the cyclone. On ascending, a portion of the gases impinge on the wall and is caused to descend to create a circulatory motion in the cyclone.

Abstract: An automatic stoker boiler has a heat transfer compartment above a combustion chamber which is divided by a horizontal partition inclined upwardly from the rear end of the boiler towards but terminating short of the front end thereof to provide a restricted port between the thus established upper and lower portions. An endless link belt establishes the lower portion of the combustion chamber and hot gas conduits extend from the upper portion through the heat transfer compartment to the exhaust and which is provided with a draft inducing fan and adjustable damper. Underfire air under the control of an adjustable damper is introduced into the lower portion of the combustion chamber upwardly through the belt and air jets are delivered into the combustion chamber through the front end both above and below the port. A standby fluid fuel burner is located in the rear end of the upper chamber portion.

Abstract: Heat energy is generated from low-grade alkaline fuels (such as manure and lignite) in a gasifier-combustor system. The fuel is gasified at a temperature of less than 900.degree. C. in a circulating fluidized bed gasifier comprising a first cyclone separator. The gas leaving the first separator is conveyed to a second cyclone separator. The gas leaving the second separator is burned in a boiler at a temperature of at least 900.degree. C. Alkaline containing material is removed and collected from the gasifier, the first and second separators, the boiler and a filter before the gas is vented to the atmosphere.

Abstract: The preburning plant for burning solid fuel materials having a high ash contents, particularly barks or cut wood chips, is comprised of a hearth (10) downwardly delimited by a grid (15), supplied with fuel material by a hopper (6). The hearth (10) communicates with the boiler (2) by a combustion channel (11). Inside the cladding (9) and above the combustion channel (11), a vertical axis ring (19) is arranged above the grid (15) for fuel material degassing purposes. The ring is rotatingly driven, preferably periodically, so that an endless screw (26) conveys the fuel material to the hearth (10).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and a process for converting municipal trash into useful materials without wasting useful energy and with a minimum release of pollutants into the atmosphere. The system includes hydraulic means which moves rubbish, garbage and other municipal trash into a processor. The system in the processor contains a trash processing zone which is associated with the hdyraulic means, a fractionating system built into the roof, a combustion zone, a heating exchange zone, a waste heat recovery system and a precipitator for cleaning the emissions prior to release into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and process for generation of thermal energy, and cogeneration which includes a variable speed rotating heat transfer apparatus for the fluidization and combustion of carbonaceous fuel. The apparatus has an integrally formed water cooled jacket and water cooled auger and is maintained at an inclination with respect to ground level. The apparatus and process allow for a wide range turndown ratio and is adapted to cause a multidirectional movement of the fuel to be combusted.

Abstract: In an improved refuse incineration system, wet refuse is heated in a dryer by inlet superheated steam in direct contact to remove most moisture therefrom while converting such moisture into outlet steam also in superheated state. The dried refuse is then fed into a boiler, through which the outlet superheated steam is circulated to raise temperature to much higher superheated level and recycled to the dryer as inlet superheated steam. This system will greatly increase the drying efficiency and productivity and thus reduce the necessary volume of the dryer.

Abstract: A furnace (10) having burner means (12) associated with it for burning a sulfur-bearing fuel. Sorbent material, such as limestone, is introduced through nozzles (34) along a pipe (32) extending across the width of the furnace above the nose (31) in the upper portion of the furnace, so that the pipe and the sorbent are protected from heat radiation from the combustion within the furnace.

Abstract: A resource recovery utility is provided comprising a landfill having a continuous wall surrounding the perimeter thereof and a containment structure extending completely over the landfill affixed to the continuous wall. Refuse can be introduced into the landfill and compacted therein and at least a portion of the compacted refuse can be removed therefrom. Methane generated by anaerobic bacterial digestion of organic materials contained in the refuse can be removed and recovered.

Abstract: A cartridge boiler designed for use in multiples in a furnace, each cartridge boiler having a vertically oriented cylindrical drum top and bottom with hemispherical end caps, with a plurality of free-expansion boiler tubes having internal feed water supply tubes depending in a cluster through the bottom end cap. The supply tubes are gravity fed by an open feed water pan within the drum, the feed water supply being controlled by a boiler level monitoring device. The boilers are used in multiples to generate the steam required, the relative small size of individual cartridge boiler being designed to minimize fabrication costs by minimizing drum diameters, and maximize system performance by allowing select cartridge replacement without system shutdown.

Abstract: A furnace having a fire box at one end of a multi-unit cell boiler receives combustible refuse and delivers hot combustion gases through passages between water cells of the multi-unit cell boiler. The combustion gases enter an exhaust stack at the far end of the boiler after giving up most of their contained heat to the water circulating through the cells. Simultaneously, water flows through the base of the boiler on a circuitous path from its end adjacent to the exhaust stack toward the furnace and through cooling walls of the furnace and then through a holding tank to a pump which delivers the water to a header communicating with the cells of the boiler unit most distant from the furnace. The water being pumped into the cells is preheated to boost the thermal efficiency of the boiler. Steam generated in the boiler enters a steam header connected with the cell boiler unit nearest the furnace.

Abstract: Halogenated hydrocarbon waste materials are burned in a horizontal fire tube boiler. In the disclosed and illustrated embodiments, liquid and/or gaseous waste of highly chlorinated hydrocarbons (often, very inert content) are input along with a flow of fuel oil or gas as required to increase combustion temperature. While high combustion temperatures are achieved, a stable flame front is established. A refractory lined combustion chamber of substantial length is incorporated to contain the flame front near adiabatic conditions for sufficient dwell time so that the combustion gases leaving the vicinity achieve near complete combustion. Before entering the water jacket boiler furnace tube the temperature of the flue gas is dropped to a level enabling the use of standard materials of construction of the tube sheets of the boiler, where the fire tube boiler is most vulnerable to corrosion from excessive temperatures and condensation of chlorinated hydrocarbons reacting on the interior thereof.

Abstract: A combined sulphur burning furnace and water-cooled boiler arrangement for producing a cooled, gaseous sulphur dioxide-air mixture in which the furnace is located below the boiler tubes arrangement in a vertical, cylindrical shell. The hot gases produced in the furnace exit axially into an upper chamber defined by the water-tube arrangement and pass through the cooling water-tube arrangement in radial outward flow to an outer chamber provided with cold-side by-pass control means and then exit the shell. The apparatus provides for savings in ducting, foundations, piping and the like; and permits more efficient sulphur burning and cooling.

Abstract: A solid and liquid waste incinerator system is disclosed which utilizes the heat produced by the furnace to transform water into steam, the steam powering a steam turbine generator to produce electricity. Solid waste is automatically fed by conveyor belts into the opening in the upper portion of a gravity-fed furnace unit which has a rotating shredder unit for chopping and grinding solid waste. A rotating magnet selects the ferrous metals from the other solid waste materials at the entrance to the furnace unit. Adjustable nozzles are rotatably mounted to the furnace unit walls to inject fuel and oxygen which are ignited creating a flame. Burn grills are positioned to catch the falling solid waste and hold it in a position for combustion, and to release it after incineration is completed. Liquid waste, including toxic chemicals, are vaporized in an evaporation cylinder forming an inner chamber within the furnace unit.

Abstract: A compact incinerator for biomass has an upright combustion chamber coaxially surrounded by a passage through which the biomass is fed from a separator in which the primary air is separated from the biomass, to the combustion chamber. An afterburner chamber surrounds this shaft so that flue gases from the combustion chamber can pass through the shaft and be filtered by the biomass while heating the biomass before afterburning is effected in the afterburner chamber. The primary air from the separator is preheated in a preheater in indirect heating exchange by the flue gas in the same coaxial apparatus which also includes, coaxially with the combustion chamber, a flue gas/solids separator for removing solids from the flue gas before it enters the preheater.

Abstract: An improved wood burning furnace having a water preheat chamber connected thereto with a water distribution means in said preheat chamber, said distribution means extending laterally across the preheat chamber and being provided with a plurality of spaced holes for the gravity feed of water downwardly through the chamber. As the water enters the boiler chamber, it flows through a serpentine path thus enhancing the heat transfer to the water.

Abstract: A garbage to hydrocarbon fuel conversion system is provided which generates electricity and hydrocarbon gases from combustible garbage. The garbage is pulverized and then burned in a destructive distillation process. The heat produced is used to generate electrical power. Dust precipitated by an electrostatic cottrell precipitator is mixed with light oil and burned in an oil burner. The heat obtained is used to maintain the destructive distillation. The gases which rise to the top of the precipitator are passed through a hydroxide solution which leaves a layer of tar and oil floating on top of the solution and a volume of hydrocarbon gases on top of this layer.

Abstract: Various embodiments of apparatus and methods are disclosed for the conversion of steam boilers from being oil fired to coal and natural gas fired without adversely affecting the normal power density of the boilers or the emission pollution therefrom. In some cases even the resultant coal ash can be modified by injecting a powdered catalyst or phosphate slimes into the flame to produce a fertilizer ash having desirable minerals to enhance the economic value thereof.Basically all embodiments include a swirling coal-air mixture directed along a path to form a sheath and a swirling gas-air mixture internally thereof with the swirling of the latter being in the same direction and fortifying the motion of the former. A gas-air mixture, swirling or non-swirling, may be supplied outwardly of such sheath to enhance the more complete burning of the coal-air mixture.

Abstract: A steam generator for burning a normally-solid fuel which produces non-combustible solid residues, including, an elongated combustion chamber, a fuel introduction means to introduce fuel adjacent the axis of the combustion chamber as a centrally-disposed stream moving in a downstream direction, a combustion-supporting gas introduction means for introducing the gas as an annular, rotating stream about the fuel stream and which, together with the fuel introduction means forms a rotating, toroidal vortex of the fuel and the combustion-supporting gas moving in a downstream direction. The combustion chamber has a volume sufficient to burn all of the fuel and, together with the fuel introduction means and the combustion-supporting gas introduction means, cause the vortex to collapse and form plug flow thereafter. Water introduction means introduces water into the flue gas at the downstream end of the combustion chamber as a plurality of peripherally-arranged jets.

Abstract: A combustion system to utilize particulate fuel where the fuel is compressed and extruded into a selected shape to be burned in a combustion chamber under conditions where particles of burning material are maintained in the combustion chamber until the weight of the particulate material decreases to the point where the particle is carried from the chamber through a heat exchanger by combustion gasses to a scrubber section for removal of impurities such as SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x.

Abstract: A waste heat boiler system includes a vertically elongated waste heat boiler having an upper portion with a waste gas inlet and a lower portion with an exhaust line connection which in addition to its vapor generating tubes includes evaporator tube nests and a water preheater. The waste gases are received from a dry coke cooling vessel and they are delivered through a separator by a blower to the lower end of the coke cooling vessel for flow upwardly through the hot coke. The superheater is mounted over the waste heat boiler and has a connection through a controllable valve to the top of the waste heat boiler. The superheater includes its own burner and air and external gas supply are supplied to the combustion chamber for the superheater along with bypass portion of the circulated waste gases. The steam generated by the boiler is delivered from a steam cylinder or drum in the superheated tubes of the superheater.

Abstract: A bio-mass suspension burner for use with furnaces or boilers includes a delivery system for injecting particulate solid fuel into a combustor. A primary air stream mixes with and conducts the fuel into the combustor. Secondary air is introduced at the point of ignition, while tertiary air is introduced tangentially to maintain a cyclonic vortex. The burning, gasified fuel exits the combustor through a nozzle where quartiary air is introduced to burn the gas. Proper flame stability, gasification and ash fusion control is achieved by regulation of the various air streams.