Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of measuring a supply rate of incineration waste in a fluidized-bed incinerator.The method is characterized in that a passing state of incineration waste ( 3) is detected by an photoelectric element ( 1) arranged on a chute ( 2) for supplying the incineration waste from a dust feeder (4) to an incinerator (5), and a rate of waste (w) is calculated from a detection signal from the photoelectric element in accordance with the following equation: ##EQU1## where w: supply rate of waste per unit time; m: the number of photoelectric elements; t: detection signal time per unit time; T: unit time; and A: constant.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling the wall of a fluidized bed hearth in a middle join region of generally upsidedown V-shaped vertical right cross-section between the upsidedown truncated pyramid-shaped bottom portions of the furnace above two parallel floors and a top portion of rectangular right cross-section, having a front face and a rear face parallel to the ridge of the upsidedown V-shape and having side faces perpendicular to said ridge, said wall being provided with heat exchanger tubes conveying water or an emulsion of water and steam, wherein the heat exchanger tubes are essentially horizontal and disposed in the flanks of the upsidedown truncated pyramid-shaped lower portions in line with the upsidedown V-shape and open out into tubes lining the side faces perpendicular to the ridge thereof. This makes it possible to perform cooling by natural circulation.

Abstract: A circulating fluid bed reactor comprises a reactor chamber having a circumscribing wall, a particle separator to receive a particle - gas suspension from the reactor chamber, and means for returning the particles separated by the particle separator to the reactor chamber. In order to eliminate problems due to heat expansion of the parts of the reactor and to provide a simple structure, the particle separator has at least one cyclone having a chamber with a cylindrical outer surface forming a part of the circumscribing wall of the reactor chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a power plant with a combustor (10) with combustion of a fuel in a fluidized bed of a particulate material and with a storage container (36) for hot bed material for adjusting the bed height upon changes of the load by the transfer of bed material from the combustor (10) to the storage container (36) and vice versa. It is primarily intended for a PFBC power plant with the combustor (10) and the container (36) in a pressure vessel (14) filled with compressed combustion air. The container (36) is provided with an internal mantle (66) which surrounds the storage space (40) for the bed material and an internal insulation (68) in the gap (70) which is formed between the container wall (36a) and the mantle (66). The lower part of the mantle (66) is joined to the container wall by means of an outwardly and upwardly directed skirt-like flange (66a-c).

Abstract: A process for combustion of hydrocarbonaceous materials containing high levels of sulfur, fuel-bound nitrogen and low levels of ash which inhibits the emissions of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, reduces solid waste disposal, and produces useable by-products. In the first step of the process, the hydrocarbonaceous material is burned in a fluidized bed into which a calcium based sorbent is introduced, producing a mixture of gaseous products of combustion and particulate matter, ash and calcium containing solids. In a second step of the process, the mixture of gaseous products of combustion and particulate matter is completely burned in a cyclonic combustion reactor. In a third step of the process, the ash and calcium-containing solids generated in the fluidized bed are withdrawn from the fluidized bed, cooled and contacted with steam in a regenerator producing calcium hydroxide, ash and unspent sorbent which are recycled to the fluidized bed.

Abstract: Apparatus for reburning ash material of a previously burned primary fuel includes a reburn combustion vessel having an inlet for receiving ash material from a primary combustion unit such as a boiler or furnace and an outlet for discharging the products of combustion from the vessel produced from burning the ash material. The outlet of the ash reburn vessel is connected to the primary combustion unit at an elevated height above the firing level. A floor is provided in the ash reburn vessel for supporting a discrete bubbling bed of burning ash material and the floor includes a plurality of spaced apart openings distributed relatively uniformly over substantially all of the area of the floor. Combustion air is introduced into the reburn vessel at a relatively low velocity to provide a source of underfire combustion air for the bubbling bed.

Abstract: Granular coal is combusted in a circulating fluidized bed system comprising a combustion chamber, a separator and a recycle line for recycling solids from the separator to the combustion chamber. Gas from carbonization is added to the oxygen-containing combustion gas withdrawn from the combustion chamber and is at least partly combusted in said combustion gas to increase the temperature of the combustion gas to about 850.degree. to 1200.degree. C. The gas from carbonization is produced by the heating of granular coal.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for thermal agglomeration of high melting temperature ashes in fluidized bed processes is disclosed. Carbonaceous material to be combusted, incinerated or gasified is introduced into a fluidized bed supported on a perforated sloping supported grid through which a fluidizing gas is injected. An upflowing discharge control gas is injected through a density/size solids withdrawal conduit in communication with the base of the perforated sloping support grid. Positioned within the solids withdrawal conduit is a central jet pipe through which fuel and oxidant are injected into the base of the fluidized bed forming a hot temperature zone in which ash melts and agglomerates. Positioned above the perforated sloping support grid and peripherally mounted through the reactor wall are one or more burners through which fuel and oxidant are injected into the fluidized bed forming supplemental hot temperature zones in which ash melts and agglomerates.

Abstract: An internal recycling type fluidized bed boiler in which a fluidized bed portion of the boiler is divided by a partition into a primary combustion chamber and a thermal energy recovery chamber, at least two kinds of air supply chambers are provided below the primary combustion chamber, one for imparting a high fluidizing speed to a fluidizing medium and the other for imparting a low fluidizing speed thereto, thereby providing a whirling and circulating flow to the fluidizing medium in the primary combustion chamber. The fluidizing medium is moved downward in a moving bed in the thermal energy recovery chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for gasifying or combusting solid, carbonaceous material a circulating fluidized bed reactor. Particles are separated from the product gas at least in two stages so that in the first stage, mainly coarser, so-called circulating particles are separted and returned to the reactor. In the second stage, fine carbonaceous particulates are separated from the gas and are made to agglomerate at a raised temperature. Coarser particles thus received are returned to the reactor through a return duct together with circulating particles. Adhesion of agglomerating particles to the walls of the duct is prevented preferably by leading hot particulates to the center of the duct and circulating particles to the walls of the duct.

Abstract: A partial flue gas stream is used for the production of electrical energy and/or heating and operational heat by utilizing combustion heat from fossil fuels, prior to combustion dried in an indirectly heated fluidized bed dryer, with combustion flue gas used as a carrier medium for the fluidized bed dryer. The mixture of flue gases and steam, deriving from the drying process, is after an intermediate treatment, if necessary, discharged with the main flue gas stream.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion system and method in which a recycle heat exchanger is located adjacent the furnace section of the combustion system. A mixture of flue gases and entrained particulate materials from a fluidized bed in the furnace section are separated and the flue gases are passed to a heat recovery section and the separated particulate material to the fluidized bed in the recycle heat exchanger. A first chamber and plurality of additional chambers are formed in the recycle heat exchanger. A particulate material is supported in all of the additional chambers and air is introduced to each of the additional chambers to fluidize the material. The separated particulate material from the fluidized bed in the furnace section is introduced into one of the chambers and the chambers communicate to permit the material to flow between the chambers.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion system and method in which a recycle heat exchange section, including an inlet compartment and a heat exchange compartment, is located within an enclosure housing the furnace section of the combustion system. The flue gases and entrained solids from a fluidized bed in the furnace section are separated, the flue gases are passed to a heat recovery section, and the separated particulate material is passed directly to the inlet compartment via a dipleg. The recycle heat exchange section includes a bypass chamber for permitting the separated solids to pass directly from the inlet compartment to the furnace section. Heat exchange tubes are provided in the heat exchange compartment to transfer heat from the separated material in the latter compartment to a fluid flow circuit for heating the fluid flow circuit. The separated material in the heat exchange compartment is passed back to the furnace section.

Abstract: An internal recycling type fluidized bed boiler includes a primary fluidized bed incinerating chamber constructed by an air diffusion plate, and an inclined partition wall provided above a portion of the diffusion plate where the mass flow of the air injected from the diffusion plate is greater than that from another portion so as to interfere with the upward flow of the fluidizing air injected from that portion and deflect it towards the portion above the diffusion plate where the mass flow of gas injected is smaller. A thermal energy recovery chamber is formed between the inclined partition wall and a side wall of an incinerator. The inclined partition wall is inclined by 10.degree.-60.degree. relative to the horizontal and is arranged such that the length of its projection in the horizontal direction is 1/6-1/2 of the horizontal length of the bottom of the incinerator bottom.

Abstract: A process for incinerating domestic refuse is implemented in a boiler comprising a fluidized bed furnace over which is a post-combustion chamber. The smoke passes through alternately upward and downward paths in which it is cooled in contact with walls provided with water tubes. Limestone is injected into the bed to fix the sulfur oxides and halogenated compounds and a jet of powdered lime is injected at the start of the third path to neutralize the remaining halogenated compounds; the flying particles deposited are recycled into the furnace. The temperature of the bed is held between 800.degree. C. and 900.degree. C. and the injection of secondary air is adjusted to obtain an oxygen concentration in the smoke between 5.5% and 7.5% to minimize the formation of nitrogen oxides, dioxins and furans.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion system and method in which a recycle heat exchanger is located adjacent the furnace section of the recycle heat exchanger. Heat exchange surfaces are provided in one compartment of the heat exchanger for removing heat from the solids, and a bypass compartment is provided through which the solids directly pass to the furnace during start-up and low load conditions. A separate cooling compartment for the separated solids is disposed in the recycle heat exchange and valves are provided to selectively control the flow of solids between compartments.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus has a combustion furnace section, a free board section which is downstream of the combustion furnace section, and a post-combustion chamber which is downstream of the free board section, the post-combustion chamber being disposed at a position offset from the position directly above the free board section, wherein the apparatus is characterized in that a gas blowing structure is provided in the vicinity of the boundary between the free board section and the post-combustion chamber, the gas blowing structure having a plurality of pipes disposed parallel to each other at a predetermined spacing, each pipe being provided with a gas outlet hole for blowing a gas, for example, air, counter to the combustion gas flowing toward a discharge port.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a transportable electrical generating unit. The invention includes an electrical generation system which runs on agricultural waste or biomass. An alternative embodiment runs on crude oil. The unit is affixed to the flatbed platform of a standard trailer and is transportable by a single truck. The system is also of appropriate height to be shipped in a standard shipping container over long distances.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the heat regulation of fluidized or fluid catalyst beds are described, the apparatus having a fluid bed heat exchanger. According to the invention, a pulverulent solid is made to flow essentially from the base of an enclosure (1) into a heat exchanger (6) having an internal separating partition (22) which defines two elongated, adjacent compartments (23, 24) communicating at their lower part. In the compartment in which the pulverulent solid flows downwards, the fluidization speed or rate is between 0.1 cm to 2 m/s, whereas in the compartment wherein the pulverulent solid rises again into the heat exchanger (6), the fluidization speed is between 0.1 and 6 m/s. The invention can be used for refining reaction (e.g., catalytic reforming), for the regeneration of a fluidized bed catalytic cracking catalyst of a petroleum or oil charge, or for the combustion of coal.

Abstract: Combustion unit which for attaining a circulation process comprises a reactor chamber (1) and a particle separator (6) which is provided with two casings (7, 8) and which is placed inside the reactor chamber to the upper part thereof. At least the first i.e. the outer casing (7) of the particle separator (6) is arranged to form a heat transfer surface. The roof structure (1a) of the reactor chamber (1) is attached to the outer casing (8).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating refuse by non-combustibly shrinking polyfoam plastics in the refuse. The trash is heated at a temperature between 250.degree. F. and 500.degree. F. for a minimum period of time. A rotatable chamber heats the refuse and transports the refuse for the minimum period of time. An operator controls the rate of rotation of the chamber and thus the time of heating in accordance with the moisture content of the refuse. A steam/air mixture used as a heat medium serves to kill bacteria in the refuse in addition to shrinking and drying the refuse.

Abstract: A method of attaining a uniform flow in an elongated fluidized bed furnace, used for the purpose of preventing the expansion and uniting of bubbles in the fluidized bed, and setting the fluidized bed in a uniform flow state, so as to keep the flow condition of the bubbles excellent at all times. The purpose of this method can be achieved by withdrawing a fluidized gas from an arbitrary portion of a fluidized bed (13) through a fluidization gas venting or purging means (A).

Abstract: An apparatus for powder falling type gas-solid contacting operation which comprises a hopper for feeding solid particles, a fluidizing bunker wherein the fed particles are fluidized by introduction of a fluidizing gas, a standpipe provided between the hopper and the bunker for feeding the particles from the hopper to the bunker, the lower end of the standpipe being located in the bunker, and a vertical gas-solid column connected to the bottom of the bunker for bringing the particles falling down from the bunker into contact with a gas countercurrently, in which a vertical tube is provided in the bunker so as to surround at least the lower end part of the standpipe and extend to a position below the lower end of the standpipe, whereby the height of the fluidized bed of the particles in the bunker is stably kept constant and the particles are fed from the bunker to the gas-solid column at a constant rate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for thermally reclaiming used foundry sand is disclosed. The apparatus includes a vertically disposed furnace having a combustion chamber therein. A sand dispersion system supported within the combustion chamber disperses the free falling sand particles to expose the particles to a combustion supporting furnace environment. Disposed immediately below the furnace is a sand retention chamber in which the sand is accumulated. Heated air is introduced into the retention chamber to maintain the combustion supporting environment. Residual coatings remaining on the sand particles are thermally removed in the retention chamber.

Abstract: A process for transferring and regulating the recycle of particulate solids separated from a gas-particulate solids suspension in which an auxiliary vesssel and slanted pipe are provided to transfer and regulate particulate solids flow.

Abstract: A fluidized bed heat exchanger and a method of controlling same in which a first chamber and plurality of additional chambers are formed in a housing. A particulate material is supported in all of the additional chambers and air is introduced to each of the additional chambers to fluidize the material. Particulate material is introduced into one of the chambers and the chambers communicate to permit the material to flow between the chambers. Heat is extracted from one or more of the other additional chambers and the material upon exceeding a predetermined height flows from the other additional chambers to the first chamber before discharging via the first chamber externally of the housing.

Abstract: A combustion process and apparatus for simultaneously reducing nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and hydrogen chloride in a high temperature furnace. A combustible material is introduced and combusted within the furnace, forming a primary combustion zone. Combustion air, sorbent and a first portion of hydrocarbon fuel are mixed and combusted within a calciner to form a product gas/calcined sorbent mixture. The product gas/calcined sorbent mixture and a remaining portion of fuel are injected into the furnace, forming an oxygen deficient secondary combustion downstream of the primary combustion zone. Overfire air is injected into the furnace, forming an oxidizing tertiary combustion zone downstream of the oxygen deficient secondary combustion zone.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion method for burning wastes using a fluidized bed furnace is not affected by a fluctuation in the quantity and quality of wastes fed into the furnace, if any, thereby preventing CO gas, etc. from discharging out of the furnace. The furnace has a number of air-diffusing tubes for feeding primary air to the fluidized bed in parallel with each other at the bottom of the fluidized bed, and a free space part formed above the fluidized bed for burning unburnt matter with a secondary air. Each air-diffusing tube has a number of nozzles provided along the axis of the tube and a primary air control device including an open-close damper for controlling the quantity of air to be fed through the tube. The primary air is fed into the fluidized bed through the air-diffusing tubes one after another according to a predetermined open-close pattern by the primary air control device so that the ratio of the air quantity Uo to the minimum fluidizing air quantity Umf (Uo/Umf) is in the range of 1.

Abstract: At a fluidbed furnace comprising a combustion shaft, a particle separator, a particle return passage and designed according to conventional design criteria for obtaining a good combustion at moderate temperature, a destruction of laughing gas (N.sub.2 O), and complete combustion of possible unburnt particles in the combustion gases is brought about in a reactor passage at the entrance of which a combustion means is located. The reactor passage is moderately cooled, so the increase of temperature in the combustion gases is maintained substantially constant unto the first convection heating surface.

Abstract: A continuously operable fluidized bed vessel system and method for incinerating and disposing of materials which produce high tramp residue. The system is particularly effective in combusting shredded tires and disposing of large amounts of wire tramp without requiring down-time for cleaning. Emission of undesirable gases is controlled by a sensing and controlling system which provides for automatic injection of combustion by-product-modifying gases and solids. Further control of undesirable gas emission is controlled by employing sealed combustible material input and solid waste output ports. Fluidizable bed material which is entrapped and discharged with the other residue is separated from magnetic tramp and larger grain sized non-magnetic tramp and recycled to continuously replenish the fluidized bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a catalyst for the fluid bed incineration of a combustible hydrocarbon feedstock. The process comprises contacting the feedstock with a mixture of a fluidized heat transfer media and a combustion promoter catalyst, in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas stream in excess of that required for complete combustion of the carbon monoxide formed, at feedstock combustion conditions. The combustion promoter catalyst consists essentially of particulate with a particle size of greater than 100 microns and includes a promoter metal present in an amount to provide a substantially carbon monoxide-free flue gas.

Abstract: Some part (a) of the bed material is withdrawn continuously (9e, 10) from the lower region of the fluidized bed (20), cooled (11), screened (12, 13) on a belt (a') to obtain a particle size specific to the fluidized bed, and then recycled to the fluidized bed (15, 18).

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor in which a bed of particulate material including fuel is formed in a furnace section. Air is passed through the bed at a velocity to fluidize said material and promote the combustion of the fuel. A cooler is located adjacent the vessel for receiving particulate material from the vessel and for removing heat from the material. Drain pipes are provided in the furnace section and in the cooler for selectively removing particulate material from the furnace section and the cooler.

Abstract: Fluidized bed reactor method and apparatus for removal of coarse material from the reactor. The apparatus comprises a discharge device including a substantially vertical pipe portion connected at one end with an outlet opening in the reactor grid, and at another end to an aeration chamber containing a discharge opening located below the level of the grid outlet opening; and a device for supplying pressurized air in short blasts of 30 to 100 milliseconds, preferably at pressures of from 2.5 to 7.0 bar, into the aeration chamber in the direction of the discharge opening to remove the coarse material from the reactor. Low pressure fluidizing air may be supplied to the vertical pipe portion as well as the aeration chamber to return small particles in the discharge device to the fluidization zone of the reactor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for effecting bidirectional feeding of particulate material, such as in the bidirectional feeding of fuel to a circulating fluidized bed combustor. A feeder has a housing with at least one inlet in the upper portion of the housing and a chain and flight (drag chain) conveyor disposed within the housing. An intermediate plate is disposed between the upper and lower runs of the chain and flight conveyor and cooperates with the flights in the upper run so that the upper run conveys solid material in a first direction along the intermediate plate. A bottom plate is disposed below the lower run and cooperates with the lower run flights to convey solid material in a second direction opposite the first direction. First and second outlets are provided for the solid material, the first outlet at one end of the housing, and the second outlet at the other end of the housing.

Abstract: A stationary weakly expanded fluid bed for combustion of coal, refuse, sludge and the like has a free space above the fluid bed in which a so-called upper firing is effected with secondary air. The temperature of the secondary air is maintained above the temperature of the fluid bed to handle problems resulting from variations in fuel quality and varying loads and guarantees a stable upper firing.

Abstract: An incinerating-fusing system for city refuse is disclosed. The system includes an incinerating furnace for incinerating city refuse, a fusing furnace for fusing ash from the incinerating furnace at a high-temperature hearth formed of carbon type combustible material, a communicating passage directly communicating an ash chute of the incinerating furnace with the fusing furnace, the communicating passage acting for dropping ash from the incinerating furnace and also for upwardly exhausting exhaust gas from the fusing furnace. The system further includes a dust collector disposed in an exhaust gas passage extending from the incinerating furnace and a dust conveying passage extending from inside of a high-temperature hearth of the fusing furnace so as to introduce dust from the dust collector.

Abstract: A rotary fluid bed gasifier which comprises: a rotatable drum having a circumferentially extending wall which is permeable to gases; a means for feeding a fluidizing gas through the wall into the drum; a bed of particles which, at least when the gasifier is in use, is supported on an internal face of the wall and is fluidized by the fluidizing gas; an outlet means for receiving a carbonaceous material from outside the gasifier and delivering the carbonaceous material to the drum; a means for introducing steam into the drum; a de-NO.sub.x boiler having a quench zone and a nitrogen fixing zone; a means for introducing secondary air disposed between the quench zone and the nitrogen fixing zone; and a means for introducing tertiary air disposed between the de-NO.sub.x boiler and a main boiler or furnace.

Abstract: A combustion unit for a circulation process comprises a reactor chamber and at least one particle separator placed inside the reactor chamber in the upper part thereof. At least the first outer casing of the particle separator is arranged to form a heat transfer surface. A flue gas inlet into the first outer casing is arranged to extend for the entire circumference of the casing.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion system and method in which a recycle heat exchange section is located within an enclosure housing the furnace section of the combustion system. The flue gases and entrained solids from a fluidized bed in the furnace section are separated and the flue gases are passed to a heat recovery section and the separated particulate material to the heat exchange section. The heat exchange section includes a bypass chamber for permitting the separated solids to pass directly from the separator, via an outlet chamber, to the furnace section. A heat exchange chamber is provided in the recycle heat exchange section which receives the separated materials from the bypass chamber and transfers heat from the separated material to a fluid flow circuit for heating the fluid flow circuit and reducing the temperature of the separated material. The separated material in the heat exchange chamber is then passed back, via the outlet chamber, to the furnace section.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion system and method in which a recycle heat exchange section is located within an enclosure housing the furnace section of the combustion system. The flue gases and entrained solids from a fluidized bed in the furnace section are separated and the flue gases are passed to a heat recovery section and the separated particulate material to the recycle heat exchange section. The recycle heat exchange section includes a bypass chamber for permitting the separated solids to pass directly from the separator to the furnace section. A heat exchange is provided in the recycle heat exchange section to transfer heat from the separated material in the recycle heat exchange section to a fluid flow circuit for heating the fluid flow circuit and reducing the temperature of the separated material. The separated material of the recycle heat exchange section is then passed back to the furnace section.

Abstract: Reduced thermal overstressing and cracking in the cone of a high efficiency regenerator for fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst is achieved by providing a cylindrical skirt at the base of the cone. The skirt defines an annular space which allows for expansion of the cone during changes in temperature of the regenerator. A catalytic cracking process using the regenerator is also disclosed.

Abstract: A continuously operable fluidized bed vessel system and method for incinerating and disposing of materials which produce high tramp residue. The system is particularly effective in combusting shredded tire and disposing of large amounts of wire tramp without requiring down-time for cleaning. Emission of undesirable gases is controlled by a sensing and controlling system which provides for automatic injection of combustion by-product-modifying gases and solids. Further control of undesirable gas emission is controlled by employing sealed combustible material input and solid waste output ports. Fluidizable bed material which is entrapped and discharged with the other residue is separated from magnetic tramp and larger grain sized non-magnetic tramp and recycled to continuously replenish the fluidized bed.

Abstract: A method and a reactor for combustion of solid granular fuel material in a fluid bed by means of primary air supplied to the bottom of said reactor and by secondary air supplied a distance above the reactor bottom, solid granular fuel material which is falling along the boundary side wall of the reactor being collected in at least one pocket arranged in the direction in which the material is falling, a cooling surface being arranged in said pocket.

Abstract: Resonant tubes of a pulse combustor are immersed in a bed of solid particles in a reaction zone to provide indirect heat from the pulsating combustion gases to the solid particles of the bed. The bed is maintained in an agitated state by a gas or vapor flowing through the bed. Reactant materials are introduced into the agitated bed and undergo reaction at enhanced rates resulting from heat transfer coefficients at least about twice as high as those of steady flow combustors and an intense acoustic pressure level propagated from the pulsating combustor into the reaction zone. The apparatus is useful, for example, to steam reform heavy hydrocarbons and to gasify carbonaceous material, including biomass and black liquor to produce combustible gas at relatively low temperatures, with steam being usilized as the bed fluidizing medium. Black liquor gasification, utilizing sodium carbonate as bed solids, results in liquor energy and chemical content recovery without smelt production.

Abstract: A furnace, especially a fluidized furnace with a combustion chamber (1) that gas flows up through and that has a gas outlet provided with a second flue (2) and a precipitator (10) for separating solids from the flue gas. The solids end of the precipitator communicates with the second flue, which accommodates a layer (12) of solid matter. The bottom of the second flue communicates by way of a solids-reintroduction line (14) with the combustion chamber. The second flue is a solids cooler and the precipitator is also a filter.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion system and method in which a recycle section is located integrally with the furnace section in an enclosure and operates as a combustor. Heat exchange surfaces are provided in at least one compartment of the combustor/heat exchanger for removing heat from the solids, and a bypass compartment is provided through which the solids directly pass to the furnace during start-up and low load conditions. Fluidizing air is discharged at the internal recirculation of the solids and a partition is located in the central portion of the furnace enclosure for introducing secondary air.

Abstract: A control circuit (B) is adapted the steam pressure at a boiler drum (17) which receives heat from a incineration chamber (3) in a fluidized bed type boiler (A, C) to be correlated to the thermal energy to be recovered and transferred to the boiler drum and to improve a responsiveness for the suppressed control of increase or decrease of the steam pressure caused by variation of a steam load. The velocity of heat recovery is controlled in accordance with the steam pressure in the boiler drum (17) which is detected by a pressure gauge (20b) and a combustibles supply unit (12, 13, 14) for supplying combustibles to the boilers (A, C) is also controlled accordingly.

Abstract: An improved fluid-bed reaction apparatus is disclosed in which feedstock is preheated and may be at least partially converted by contacting the feedstock with spent catalyst in a preheat zone. Additional benefits include a reduction in catalyst poisons and coke production in the reaction zone. By contacting the fresh feed with hot spent catalyst, at least a portion of the coke which would otherwise form in the reactor is deposited on the spent catalyst. Temporary catalyst poisons are also sorbed onto the spent catalyst. The spent catalyst is then withdrawn from the preheat zone, stripped of entrained hydrocarbon and regenerated.

Abstract: A fluidized bed system comprises at least three cells constituting a fluidized bed. One of the cells interposed between other cells may function as a non-fluidized bed cell in response to the operating condition of the system.