Abstract: A cooler for cooling hot particulate material which has been subjected to heat treatment in an industrial kiln such as a rotary kiln for manufacturing cement clinker, includes a grate for receiving and supporting hot material from the kiln, at least one cooling gas duct which is connected to slots in the grate for introducing cooling gases into the hot material and a compressed air system for injecting compressed air into the material on the grate. The cooler also comprises at least one flow restricting device provided in the cooling gas duct. Use of the one or more flow restricting devices may permit only a very limited amount of the compressed air that is injected into the material on the grate to pass through the cooling gas duct.

Abstract: A biomass thermochemical gasification apparatus is provided that can manufacture high-quality fuel gas out of solid biomass in an industrial manner. This fuel gas can be used as fuel for a gas engine and a gas turbine for example and also can be used as synthesis gas for methanol synthesis. A high-temperature combustion gas generation apparatus (101) for biomass operates entirely by biomass and the heat source thereof does not depend on fossil fuel. A coarsely-ground powder biomass (205) subjected to gasification and gasification agent (303) are introduced to a primary gasification reaction room (202) and generate gasification reaction by, as reaction heat, radiation heat from a wall face of the primary gasification reaction room (202) heated by combustion gas (109a) generated in the high-temperature combustion gas generation apparatus (101) and are dissolved. Consequently, the biomass (205) is converted to clean and high-quality generated gas.

Abstract: In order to provide, for a grate cooler for cooling hot bulk material, such as, for example, cement clinker, an, in particular, automatically operating cooling air regulator which has a simple construction and can be used without difficulty both for unmoved and, in particular, for moved cooling grate regions or moved cooling grate systems, for example, cylindrical hose sleeve comprised of elastic material be tension-mounted as an actuating member coaxially in the regulator housing which is arranged below the cooling grate, participates in the movements of the latter and has a casing comprised of solid material, the pressure difference inside and outside the hose sleeve and the deformation resistance of the sleeve being set such that the hose sleeve is deformable, in particular, automatically from its maximum flow cross section into its minimum flow cross section and at the same time regulates the volume flow of the cooling air flow from below into the cooling grate.

Abstract: In order to provide an automatically operating cooling air regulating device for a grate cooler for cooling hot bulk material such as cement clinker, for example, which can be constructed easily and can be used without problems both for non-moving and also in particular for moving cooling grate regions or moving cooling grate systems, a regulating device with a regulator housing which is arranged below the cooling grate, performs its movements with it and is flowed through by the cooling air supplied is proposed according to the invention, an inner body which can be moved translatorily by the cooling air flow being guided displaceably in the regulator housing and the free flow cross section of the regulator housing remaining for the cooling air being reduced automatically with increasing height inside the regulator housing of the inner body against which the cooling air flows, and vice versa.

Abstract: An apparatus for the combustion of organic waste such as poultry litter/manure, cow manure and swine manure, and/or human waste, and/or biomass using a moving grate over a stationary perforated plate to convert organic waste into usable energy. The unprocessed fuel is fed into the combustion chamber through a feed hopper by a moving grate being continuously pulled over a stationary perforated plate. The raw fuel is metered using a guillotine gate apparatus to control the depth of the fuel bed on the moving grate. Temperature controlled combustion air is directed under the stationary perforated plate (under fire air) into discreet controllable under fire air zones to initiate and drive the combustion process. The stationary plate is sectioned to match the discreet under fire air zones with holes and/or slots (perforations) shaped and sized for proper under fire air distribution and pressure drop through the plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement and method that help to reduce the build-up formed on the grate of a fluidized-bed furnace in the roasting of fine-grained material such as concentrate. The concentrate is fed into the roaster furnace from the wall of the furnace, and oxygen-containing gas is fed via gas jets under the grate in the bottom of the furnace in order to fluidize the concentrate and oxidize it during fluidization. Below the concentrate feed point, or feed grate, the oxygen content of the gas to be fed is raised compared with gas fed elsewhere using additional gas jets situated in the feed grate higher than the other jets. The extra jets of the feed grate are connected to their own gas distribution unit.

Abstract: A solid fuel fed combustor system having a first chamber portion with an inlet feed for feeding a metered amount of a solid fuel thereto, a first burner stage having a first traveling conveyor firebelt, a metered amount of air introduced in progressively increasing proportions along the length of the first traveling conveyor. A second burner stage having a second traveling conveyor firebelt with air introduced in a progressively decreasing amount along the length of said second traveling conveyor firebelt and a controller for controlling air introduced to the system. The chamber has a sloped common roof section common to the burner stages and is made of radiative energy reflective fire brick and angled to reflect radiative energy generated from fuel traveling on the traveling conveyor firebelts and directing the radiative energy on fuel traveling on the first firebelt.

Abstract: A grate plate construction for installation as part of a grate assembly in which free flowing material is supported for movement along a path while treatment gas flows upwardly through such material. The construction has a relatively thin carrier plate having a highly wear resistant upper surface mounted in a supporting frame having ribs and webs which form with the carrier plate channels through which treatment gas flows for passage through the material via slots formed in the carrier plate by a high-energy process. The construction is economical even though the carrier plate itself is formed from relatively expensive material.

Abstract: A clinker cooler (3) comprises a plurality of grates (5) arranged in adjacent and overlapping relation to each other for conveying hot cement clinker (11) supplied from a kiln (1). The grate (5) is formed with an air hole (20) through which air from a fan (8) is jetted toward the cement clinker via a compartment (16) to cool the cement clinker. A distribution chamber (13) is equipped to a part of the grate corresponding to a part of cement clinker which is not cooled sufficiently, and the air from the fan (14) is jetted to such part of cement clinker which is not cooled sufficiently. The quantity of air jetted from the distribution chamber is adjusted by varying a degree of opening of a damper (15).

Abstract: An individual key, a stoker incorporating a plurality of the keys, or a furnace incorporating the stoker which includes a key apparatus having a mounting surface dimensioned and configured for sliding engagement with an associated arm, the mounting surface is disposed on the bottom of the key, an upper face receives associated fuel to be burned, a first side having a first contour, and a second side having a second contour. The second contour is different than the first contour. In some forms of the invention the first contour and the second contour are dimensioned and configured for meshing engagement whereby a first side of a first key will mesh with a second side of a second key when a plurality of the identical keys are arrayed in side abutting relationship. The first contour may includes a first lip and the second contour may include a second lip and the the first lip may be disposed at a different elevation than the second lip.

Abstract: A process wherein an incineration grate is tempered by a medium that flows therethrough. The grate has a number of hollow plates made of sheet metal. Each plate lies on the next underlying plate. A connection pipe is arranged on one side of each plate and a discharge pipe is arranged on the other side of each plate for the flowing medium. The individual plates are crossed by a plurality of tubular elements which open on the top side of the plates. Primary air is supplied to the materials to be incinerated through the tubular elements. Primary air supply is individually dosed to each tubular element.

Abstract: In a scrap conveyor for feeding a scrap to a processing furnace such as an arc furnace, etc, while pre-heating the scrap by an exhaust gas from the processing furnace, the periphery of the scrap conveyor is covered with a gas seal cover, a flue is disposed above the scrap conveyed, an exhaust gas passage portion is disposed below the scrap conveyor, and an exhaust gas suction duct opening to the exhaust gas passage portion through an exhaust gas suction space is disposed. In the conveyor, an exhaust gas flow passage for allowing the exhaust gas inside the flue to pass through the scrap from its surface layer to its lower layer is formed inside the layer of the scrap, so that pre-heating of the scrap can be efficiently effected throughout the whole layer of the scrap.

Abstract: Fluid-cooled grate bars and grates for use in a combustion furnace such as a garbage incineration plant and a process for cooling the grate bars and grates. The grate bar has a duct defined therewithin for guiding a coolant supplied by a fluid-cooling apparatus. The primary coolant is preferably water. Steam formation is prevented by pressurizing the water. Additional or replacement coolant such, for example, as air may be employed for the grate bars and grates.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for disposing of hazardous waste material by burning in a cement-producing kiln includes providing a predetermined quantity of hazardous waste material in a predetermined configuration, and providing an apparatus for aerating and using that apparatus to aerate the hazardous waste material to produce a supplementary fuel having a predetermined density. The method also includes providing an apparatus for injecting the hazardous waste material into the cement kiln and includes the step of injecting the hazardous waste material into the cement kiln at a predetermined injection rate thereby causing the hazardous waste material to burn while suspended in the kiln atmosphere and causing the hazardous waste material to supplement the primary fuel source and maintaining the cement-producing temperature within the kiln.

Abstract: An automatic stoker boiler has a heat transfer compartment above a combustion chamber which is divided by a horizontal partition inclined upwardly from the rear end of the boiler towards but terminating short of the front end thereof to provide a restricted port between the thus established upper and lower portions. An endless link belt establishes the lower portion of the combustion chamber and hot gas conduits extend from the upper portion through the heat transfer compartment to the exhaust and which is provided with a draft inducing fan and adjustable damper. Underfire air under the control of an adjustable damper is introduced into the lower portion of the combustion chamber upwardly through the belt and air jets are delivered into the combustion chamber through the front end both above and below the port. A standby fluid fuel burner is located in the rear end of the upper chamber portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for reinjecting flown-off particles into a solid fuel fire box of a boiler or furnace of the "projector with back grid" type, in which particulate fuel is projected from a fuel source adjacent a first zone to a grid, with the fuel burned along its trajectory from the first zone to a second zone on the grid. Means are provided for separately collecting both large and small fuel particles thrown off during combustion along the trajectory to the grid, and reinjecting the collected particles with the fine particles continuously reinjected at a rate approximately proportional to the boiler load at said second zone by means of a particle conveying air stream.

Abstract: A bed of high-sulfur coal is burned in transit through a furnace on a horizontal or inclined travelling grate. Low pressure air is fed upwardly through the bed in quantities sufficient to react with most of the carbon content of the coal, from which sulfureous gases arise. High pressure air is blasted upwardly through the remnants of the burning coal as they fall off the end of the grate run. Clinker content of the residue free-falls off the end of the grate run into a collector while burned or partly burned fines are elevated above the end of the grate run. High pressure air with entrained limestone blows the elevated particles back through the sulfureous atmosphere above the bed so as to react with the carbon content of the particles and grab the sulfur.

Abstract: A furnace (10) in which bark or other cellulosic fuel (64) is burned on a traveling grate (24). Char (62) separated (48, 54) from the furnace exhaust gases is reinjected into the furnace beneath baffle plate (40) in such a manner that the raw bark (64) being introduced onto the grate forms a protective cover over the char (62) thus preventing the relatively light char particles from becoming reentrained in the gases before they are completely combusted.

Abstract: An incinerator with a moving-bed stoker in which a chain conveyor is inclined in the direction of its movement and a plurality of fuel- or fire-bed members L-shaped in cross section are mounted on the links of the chain conveyor, whereby a step-like moving fuel- or fire-bed is defined. Each fuel- or fire-bed member comprises an upright or vertical plate and a horizontal plate and combustion air injection holes are formed through the upright or vertical plate so that the foreign matter such as ash, metal pieces or the like as well as the molten ash produced as the result of the combustion of waste with a low melting point can be prevented from falling through the combustion air holes into the stoker.

Abstract: This invention relates to a boiler installation for the combustion of solid fuels, for example forest waste material in the form of e.g. bark and/or chips, peat pellets, coal etc., which installation comprises a furnace located in connection to a heat medium portion and a grate located in the furnace. The grate feeds fuel from a fuel charge opening through the furnace while the fuel is being combusted, from which furnace the flue gases flow to the heat medium portion and continue to a chimney. The installation also includes at least one intake for controlled supply of combustion air in the form of at least primary and secondary combustion air.

Abstract: A heat exchanger furnace includes a firebox, a heat exchanger housing in communication with the firebox for receiving combustion gases therefrom, and a plenum housing surrounding the heat exchanger housing so as to define a plenum chamber therebetween. A plurality of baffles are supported in vertically spaced apart relation within the heat exchanger housing, which baffles include peripheral edges disposed in clearance relation from the housing sidewalls whereby hot combustion gases rising within the heat exchanger housing are directed outwardly adjacent the heat exchanger sidewall for increased heat transfer to the plenum chamber. Exhaust tubes at the top of the heat exchanger housing may be directed through the plenum chamber for providing additional heat transfer surfaces therein. The firebox may have a frusto conical shaped sidewall whereby the combustion surface area may be adjusted with the level of fuel in the firebox.

Abstract: Apparatus for incinerating and gasifying biomass material by employing a flight conveyor having an upper run traversing a horizontal, perforated upper grate and a lower run traversing a perforated lower grate which is parallel to and beneath the upper grate, the material being continuously deposited on the upper grate and urged continuously across it by the upper run in a bed wherein the material is pyrolyzed into char and combustible gas and then being deposited on the lower grate in a bed continuously urged by the lower run over a source of air beneath the lower grate so that the char is continuously oxidized by air from the source producing hot products which pass upwardly from the lower grate through the bed on the upper grate, filtering particulates from the products and providing heat for the pyrolysis, and then sequentially over a source of steam beneath the lower grate so that the char continuously reacts with steam from the source to generate water gas which is collected substantially unmixed with ot

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fuel-feeding mechanism for a fluidized bed combustor. In accordance with the present invention a perforated conveyor belt is utilized in place of the fixed grid normally disposed at the lower end of the fluidized bed combustion zone. The conveyor belt is fed with fuel, e.g. coal, at one end thereof so that the air passing through the perforations dislodges the coal from the belt and feeds the coal into the fluidized zone in a substantially uniform manner.

Abstract: Apparatus for progressively burning biomass material comprising a retort defining a chamber, a linearly moving grate bed enclosed within the chamber with a space below and a space above for respectively supplying primary air to the lower side of the grate and for collecting gases generated by progressive distillation of the biomass material at the upper side of the grate. Primary air is supplied to the underside of the grate bed at different pressures lengthwise of the grate by a distribution chamber extending lengthwise of the grate of V-shaped cross section containing at its bottom a Venturi opening through which air is delivered to the distribution chamber from successive longitudinally-arranged plenum chambers which, in turn, are supplied with air through conductors connected to a primary air source, each of which contains a damper. The grate may be horizontal or inclined.

Abstract: A cross fire stoker adapted to burn a difficultly ignited fuel is disclosed, together with a method of operating the stoker. The stoker is adapted to burn such fuel in a furnace not having large front or rear arches and includes a horizontal traveling grate within the furnace which is adapted to convey a bed of solid carbonaceous fuel from a charging zone, through an ignition zone, through a firing zone, and to an ash discharging zone. A suction fan is provided at the initial windbox to downdraft an oxygen-containing fuel to the bed at an ignition zone closely adjacent said charging zone. The remainder of the bed is subjected to updrafting for firing the bed to reduce it to ash.

Abstract: Continuously flowing solid material, such as municipal waste, is pretreated in an air-starved hot moving grate carbonizer furnace to drive off low temperature volatiles, and then further devolatized in a shaft furnace wherein limited amounts of air are let into a downwardly moving stack of the precarbonized material at a plurality of locations spaced sufficiently apart as to preclude formation of hot spots, i.e., localized regions of intense reaction, such as would cause clinkers to be formed. Low Btu gas is exhausted from the pretreatment carbonizer and shaft furnace and sterile ash residue is discharged from the bottom of the shaft furnace.